Arc detection circuit breaker adaptive to load signature

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of circuit breakers, and discloses a self-adaptive load signature arc detection circuit breaker, which comprises a shell, and an operating handle, a circuit breaker module, a power supply module, a signal conditioning module, an arc detection circuit, an arc fault electronic identification circuit, a tripping module, a communication interface module, a test button and a wiring terminal which are arranged on the shell, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the two sides of the shell respectively, a ventilation adjusting assembly is installed at the position, corresponding to the air inlet and the air outlet, of the surface of the shell, and the ventilation adjusting assembly comprises sliding grooves formed in the surface of the shell and located on the upper side and the lower side of the air inlet and the air outlet, two baffles and magnetic columns. The air inlet and outlet is exposed in a closed state of the circuit breaker and convects with the outside to increase heat dissipation, and the baffle slides to block the air inlet and outlet when the circuit breaker is opened, so that the situation that electric arcs are sprayed out of the air inlet or the air outlet to affect product performance is reduced, the air inlet and outlet are automatically opened and closed, and the use safety of the circuit breaker is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circuit breaker technology, specifically to an arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature. Background Technology

[0002] The moving and stationary contact system of an arc-detection circuit breaker is housed within the circuit breaker's insulation body. When the circuit breaker closes, current flows through the moving and stationary contact system. Due to the relatively large contact resistance between the moving and stationary contacts and the resistance of the entire internal conductive circuit system, a current-induced heating effect (heat generation) occurs during operation. Traditional frame circuit breakers employ a closed insulation structure, which, while preventing arcing to the outside of the body and frame during short-circuit breaking, also introduces the following problems: During normal operation, due to the current-induced heating effect, the temperature at the contact points of the moving and stationary contacts reaches approximately 120 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, within the enclosed structural space, the contact system relies solely on its own conductor for heat conduction, resulting in a single heat dissipation method that cannot effectively reduce the generated heat, leading to excessively high temperature rises at the wiring connections. To address this, a new type of circuit breaker has emerged in the prior art, which incorporates ventilation openings on the insulation body to allow convection between the internal cavity of the insulation body and the external environment, thereby increasing heat dissipation. However, because the ventilation openings on the insulation body of this type of frame circuit breaker remain open, the electric arc generated by the contact system can easily be ejected from the ventilation openings when the circuit breaker trips or experiences a fault, thus affecting product performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature, which solves the problem that the arc generated by the contact system is easily ejected from the ventilation opening when the circuit breaker is tripped or faulted.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adaptive load signature arc detection circuit breaker, comprising a housing, and an operating handle, a circuit breaker module, a power supply module, a signal conditioning module, an arc detection circuit, an arc fault electronic identification circuit, a tripping module, a communication interface module, a test button, and terminals mounted on the housing. Air inlets and outlets are respectively provided on both sides of the housing. A ventilation adjustment component is installed on the surface of the housing corresponding to the air inlets and outlets. The ventilation adjustment component includes a sliding groove, two baffles, and a magnetic column, all located on the surface of the housing above and below the air inlets and outlets. The upper and lower sides of the baffles are slidably connected to the two sliding grooves, respectively. A tension spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove and the side wall of the baffle. A magnetic block is embedded and fixedly installed on the surface of the baffle facing the operating handle. The magnetic column penetrates the operating handle and is fixedly connected to it. In the closed state, the midpoints of the magnetic column and the magnetic block are on the same horizontal line.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, the arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature is based on a circuit breaker module. This module includes an operating mechanism, a contact system, and a tripping mechanism, which is responsible for circuit on / off control and basic overload and short-circuit protection. At the same time, an integrated power supply module supplies power to all electronic components. The signal conditioning module collects the main circuit current signal through a line current transformer and performs preprocessing such as amplification, rectification, and filtering. Its core functions are realized by the arc detection circuit and the arc fault electronic identification circuit. The former monitors the arc signal in the circuit, while the latter analyzes and identifies faulty arcs based on a microprocessor and preset algorithms (including machine learning algorithms). When a fault is detected, the tripping module receives the signal and controls the electromagnetic mechanism to cut off the main circuit. In addition, it is equipped with a communication interface module for remote data transmission, a test button for function verification, and a wiring terminal for electrical connection. All components are ultimately protected and supported by the shell, which together constitutes an arc protection system with adaptive load signature recognition capability.

[0006] Preferably, the ventilation regulating component further includes an annular threaded connector, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the air inlet and outlet. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the center of the threaded connector. The surface of the rotating shaft is tapped to form threads and threadedly connected to a sealing cover plate. A rotating frame is rotatably connected to the sealing cover plate and the threaded connector on the same axis. A gear is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. The teeth of the gear are meshed with a rack. A transversely arranged slot is formed on the surface of the baffle corresponding to the gear. One end of the rack is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slot.

[0007] Preferably, the end of the rotating shaft away from the threaded connector is rotatably connected to an annular support member, the outer end of the support member is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air inlet and outlet, and a dustproof filter cover is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer shell corresponding to the air inlet and outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the surface of the outer shell has a plurality of heat dissipation vents, and a sealing heat dissipation assembly is installed on the outside of the heat dissipation vents. The sealing heat dissipation assembly includes an annular shell, which is fixedly installed on the surface of the outer shell corresponding to the heat dissipation vents. A rotating column is sealed and rotatably fitted on the outside of the shell. A plurality of annularly distributed air storage grooves are formed on the surface of the rotating column. A piston block is sealed and slidably fitted inside the air storage grooves. A magnetic block is embedded and fixed on the side of the piston block away from the heat dissipation vents.

[0009] Preferably, the gas storage tank is divided into four groups: a, b, c, and d. An installation plate is installed at one end of the rotating column. A connecting column is fixedly connected between the installation plate and the shell. Magnetic blocks two that are magnetically attracted to magnetic block one are respectively embedded and fixed on the upper and lower sides of the installation plate. Magnetic blocks three that are magnetically repelled by magnetic block one are respectively embedded and fixed on the left and right sides of the installation plate.

[0010] Preferably, the surface of the gas storage tank is provided with an air outlet, and the outer wall of the rotating column is sealed with a sealing ring. The surface of the sealing ring is provided with an opening for the air outlet on the surfaces of the gas storage tanks b and c. The outer wall of the sealing ring is fixedly connected to the connecting column.

[0011] Preferably, the gas storage tank has a piston chamber inside, and a sealing element is slidably fitted inside the piston chamber. A magnetic block four is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sealing element. A mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing at the sealing element in the gas storage tanks a and d. A magnetic block five that is magnetically repelled by the magnetic block four is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting bracket facing the sealing element.

[0012] Preferably, the side of the seal away from the seal is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the piston cavity by an elastic element.

[0013] Preferably, a motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting plate, and the drive end of the motor passes through the mounting plate and is fixedly connected to the rotating column.

[0014] An adaptive load signature arc detection circuit breaker system includes a dual-domain synchronous sampling module, an event-driven control module, a lightweight feature extraction module, an adaptive load signature library module, a two-level voting tripping module, a structure-EMC collaboration module, and an event buffer module. The dual-domain synchronous sampling module includes a near-field EMI micro-antenna and a high-frequency current differentiating channel. The near-field EMI micro-antenna adopts a geometric slot and shielded window design to acquire arc emission signals from 30kHz to 5MHz. The high-frequency current differentiating channel is based on a Rogowski coil and a differential shaping structure to acquire di / dt short pulse information, and the two signals are sampled synchronously. The event-driven control module is used to control the sampling frequency. Under normal conditions, it performs low sampling at a frequency of 10 kS / s. When the coarse threshold or spectral kurtosis screening is triggered, it switches to a frequency of 100-200 kS / s to start short-window capture. The lightweight feature extraction module locates non-stationary burst frequency bands through spectral kurtosis, extracts transient energy using the TKEO energy operator, and uses wavelet packets to calculate the energy ratio for only 2-3 layers of a small number of frequency bands, forming an 8-12 dimensional sparse feature vector. During operation, the adaptive load signature library module clusters loads into three categories: motors, phase-controlled systems, and rectifiers based on steady-state harmonic indices, power factors, and start-stop characteristics. It also maintains dynamic baselines and threshold self-correction functions for each type of load. The two-level voting triggering module includes a hardware level and an algorithm level. The hardware level triggers the pre-triggering window N times in time Δt through TKEO and the differential channel. The algorithm level determines the triggering window within the pre-triggering window by using spectral kurtosis bandpass and wavelet energy ratio. If both levels pass, a Trip signal is output; otherwise, the event is recorded and an alarm is triggered. In the structure-EMC collaborative module, the arc antenna shield adopts a labyrinthine folding and equipotential bonding design. The sensor board and the actuator are isolated by insulating ribs and ground reference ribs. The signal circuit is equipped with single-point grounding, common-mode choke, RC notch filter and TVS multi-stage front end, and maintains a safe distance from the main circuit. The self-clustering process of the adaptive load signature library module is specifically achieved by collecting the steady-state harmonic data, power factor data and start-stop time series data of the load in real time, and using a clustering algorithm to classify the load. In the two-level voting triggering module, the hardware-level Δt value ranges from 5 to 10 ms, and N ranges from 3 to 5 times, which can be programmably set according to the actual application scenario; In the structure-EMC collaborative module, the labyrinthine return structure of the shielding cover folds back 2-3 times, the insulating rib is made of high-temperature resistant epoxy resin, and the ground reference rib is made of copper. The event buffer module is used to record the timestamp, feature vector, and voting path information of events, providing data support for subsequent tracing and load signature library threshold updates; The shielding window size of the near-field EMI micro-antenna is designed according to the signal transmission characteristics of 30kHz - 5MHz, and the window area is 1 / 5 - 1 / 3 of the total antenna area; The number of turns of the Rogowski coil in the high-frequency current differentiating channel is set according to the detection current range to ensure the sensitivity of di / dt short pulse signal acquisition; In the lightweight feature extraction module, the frequency resolution of spectral kurtosis calculation is set according to the characteristics of the electric arc signal to ensure accurate capture of non-stationary burst frequency bands; In the algorithm level of the two-level voting deduction module, the threshold θ(class) of ArcScore is adjusted in real time according to the dynamic baseline of various loads in the adaptive load signature library; In the signal circuit of the structure-EMC coordinating module, the inductance of the common-mode choke, the resistance and capacitance of the RC notch filter, and the breakdown voltage of the TVS are all designed to match the surge, EFT, and power frequency induced interference characteristics of the power distribution site.

[0015] This invention provides an arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature. It has the following advantages: 1. In the closed state of the circuit breaker, the air inlet and outlet are exposed to the outside air to increase heat dissipation through convection. When the circuit breaker is open, the baffle slides to block the air inlet and outlet, thereby reducing the electric arc from being ejected from the air inlet or outlet and affecting the product performance. This achieves the effect of automatically opening and closing the air inlet and outlet, and improves the safety of the circuit breaker during use.

[0016] 2. When the circuit breaker is opened, the sealing cover plate presses tightly against the air inlet and outlet, thereby sealing the air inlet and outlet and further improving the sealing effect of the air inlet and outlet, which helps to prevent electric arc from being ejected from the air inlet or outlet.

[0017] 3. This invention achieves the circulation and exchange between the cold air outside and the hot air inside the casing under sealed conditions by rotating the rotating column, thereby achieving the effect of heat dissipation for the circuit breaker and preventing the ejection of electric arcs.

[0018] 4. This invention combines "dual-domain sensing + event-driven sparse sampling," employing low-sampling under normal conditions with high-sampling short windows on demand. Combined with lightweight feature extraction that only calculates 2-3 layers of a small number of frequency bands, it can operate stably on 100-120MHz MCUs with a CPU utilization rate of ≤20%, significantly reducing end-side computing power and energy consumption. Simultaneously, leveraging complementary feature extraction methods of "spectral kurtosis + TKEO + wavelet packet with few bands," along with three major load signature libraries based on load steady-state harmonics, power factor, and start-stop characteristics, and dynamic threshold correction, it can accurately distinguish normal load signals such as motor starting and SCR dimming from arc fault signals. Under the same operating conditions, the false alarm rate can be reduced to ≤0.5%, effectively solving the problem of false alarms and missed alarms under complex loads. In terms of structural and anti-interference design, the arc antenna shield uses a labyrinthine folding and equipotential bonding; the sensing board and actuator are isolated by insulating ribs and ground reference ribs; and the signal circuit is equipped with multi-level protection such as single-point grounding and common-mode chokes, ensuring the device is safe during EFT. It can trigger without error in 2kV and surge common mode 2kV / differential mode 1kV environments, and the layout of each component is adapted to the small cavity of the circuit breaker, solving the conflict between sensor placement and EMC interference. In addition, the load signature library can learn online without manual parameter setting, the event buffer facilitates fault tracing, and it can be modularly embedded without changing the rated parameters and external terminal form of the existing circuit breaker, taking into account both maintenance convenience and platform compatibility, and can be well adapted to the needs of scenarios such as power metering boxes. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dust filter cover of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation regulation component structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing cover structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is another structural schematic diagram of the sealing cover plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gas storage tank structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rotating column of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing ring structure of the present invention.

[0020] The components include: 1. Outer shell; 2. Operating handle; 4. Air inlet / outlet; 5. Ventilation adjustment assembly; 501. Slide rail; 502. Baffle; 503. Tension spring; 504. Magnetic block; 505. Magnetic column; 506. Threaded connector; 507. Rotating shaft; 508. Sealing cover; 509. Rotating frame; 510. Gear; 511. Rack; 512. Slot; 513. Support component; 6. Dustproof filter cover; 7. Sealed heat dissipation assembly; 7 701. Housing; 702. Rotating column; 703. Air storage tank; 704. Piston block; 706. Magnetic block one; 707. Mounting plate; 708. Connecting column; 709. Magnetic block three; 710. Motor; 711. Air outlet; 712. Sealing ring; 713. Opening; 714. Piston chamber; 715. Seal; 716. Magnetic block four; 717. Mounting bracket; 718. Magnetic block five; 719. Elastic element; 720. Magnetic block two. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1, please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 3This invention provides an adaptive load signature arc detection circuit breaker, including a housing 1, an operating handle 2 mounted on the housing 1, a circuit breaker module, a power supply module, a signal conditioning module, an arc detection circuit, an arc fault electronic identification circuit, a tripping module, a communication interface module, a test button, and a terminal block. Air inlets and outlets 4 are respectively provided on both sides of the housing 1. A ventilation adjustment component 5 is installed on the surface of the housing 1 corresponding to the air inlets and outlets 4. The ventilation adjustment component 5 includes a sliding groove 501, two baffles 502, and a magnetic column 505, all located on the surface of the housing 1 above and below the air inlets and outlets 4. The upper and lower sides of the baffles 502 are slidably connected to the two sliding grooves 501, respectively. A tension spring 503 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove 501 and the side wall of the baffle 502. A magnetic block 504 is embedded and fixedly installed on the surface of the baffle 502 facing the operating handle 2. The magnetic column 505 penetrates the operating handle 2 and is fixedly connected to it. In the closed state, the midpoints of the magnetic column 505 and the magnetic block 504 are on the same horizontal line.

[0023] Specifically, when the circuit breaker is closed, the magnetic column 505 rotates upward according to the operating handle 2 and aligns with the magnetic block 504. The magnetic attraction pulls the baffle 502 to one side of the operating handle 2, thereby exposing the air inlet / outlet 4 to facilitate convection with the outside and increase heat dissipation. When the circuit breaker is open, the operating handle 2 rotates downward, causing the magnetic column 505 and the magnetic block 504 to be misaligned. The baffle 502 slides away from the operating handle 2 under the tension of the tension spring 503, thereby blocking the air inlet / outlet 4. This reduces the amount of electric arc ejected from the air inlet or outlet, which could affect the product performance. This achieves the effect of automatically opening and closing the air inlet / outlet 4, improving the safety of the circuit breaker during use.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 3 -Appendix Figure 5 The ventilation regulating component 5 also includes an annular threaded connector 506, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the air inlet / outlet 4. A rotating shaft 507 is rotatably connected to the center of the threaded connector 506. The surface of the rotating shaft 507 is tapped and threaded, and a sealing cover plate 508 is threadedly connected to it. A rotating frame 509 is rotatably connected to the sealing cover plate 508 and the threaded connector 506 on the same axis. A gear 510 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 507. A rack 511 is meshed with the tooth end of the gear 510. A slot 512 is opened on the surface of the baffle 502 corresponding to the gear 510. One end of the rack 511 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slot 512.

[0025] Specifically, when the trip baffle 502 slides away from the operating handle 2, it drives one end of the rack 511. The rack 511 drives the gear 510 to rotate, and the gear 510 drives the rotating shaft 507 to rotate, causing the sealing cover 508 to move into the air inlet / outlet 4. When the baffle 502 blocks the air inlet / outlet 4, the sealing cover 508 presses tightly against the air inlet / outlet 4, thereby sealing the air inlet / outlet 4 and further improving the sealing effect of the air inlet / outlet 4, which helps to prevent electric arc from being ejected from the air inlet or outlet.

[0026] Please see the appendix Figure 3 -Appendix Figure 5 The end of the rotating shaft 507 away from the threaded connector 506 is rotatably connected to an annular support 513. The outer end of the support 513 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air inlet / outlet 4. A dust filter cover 6 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer casing 1 at the air inlet / outlet 4.

[0027] Specifically, the support member 513 is used to provide rotational support for the rotating shaft 507, and the dust filter cover 6 is used to filter dust in the gas entering the housing 1 through the air inlet and outlet 4.

[0028] Example 2, please refer to the appendix. Figure 6 -Appendix Figure 8Because the internal heat generation of the circuit breaker intensifies during a short circuit, and the sealed casing 1 cannot effectively dissipate heat, this embodiment proposes the following solution to address this problem: The surface of the casing 1 has several heat dissipation vents, and a sealed heat dissipation assembly 7 is installed on the outside of these vents. The sealed heat dissipation assembly 7 includes an annular housing 701, which is fixedly installed on the surface of the casing 1 corresponding to the heat dissipation vents. A rotating column 702 is rotatably fitted to the outside of the housing 701 to prevent gas from escaping from the rotating connection between the two components. The surface of the rotating column 702... The system comprises several annularly distributed gas storage slots 703. A piston block 704 is slidably fitted inside each gas storage slot 703. A magnetic block 706 is embedded and fixed on the side of the piston block 704 away from the heat dissipation vent. The gas storage slots 703 are divided into four groups: a, b, c, and d. A mounting plate 707 is installed at one end of a rotating column 702. A connecting column 708 is fixedly connected between the mounting plate 707 and the housing 701. Magnetic blocks 720, which are magnetically attracted to magnetic blocks 706, are embedded and fixed on the upper and lower sides of the mounting plate 707, respectively. Magnetic blocks 720 are embedded and fixed on the left and right sides of the mounting plate 707, respectively. 06. Magnetic blocks 709 with magnetic repulsion; the surface of the gas storage tank 703 has an outlet hole 711; the outer wall of the rotating column 702 is sealed with a sealing ring 712 to prevent gas in the gas storage tank 703 from escaping from the rotating connection between the two; the surface of the sealing ring 712 has an opening 713 opposite to the outlet hole 711 on the surface of gas storage tanks b and c; the outer wall of the sealing ring 712 is fixedly connected to the connecting column 708; a piston chamber 714 is formed inside the gas storage tank 703; a sealing element 715 is slidably fitted inside the piston chamber 714; the side of the sealing element 715... A magnetic block 716 is fixedly connected to the wall. A mounting bracket 717 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 701 at the sealing element 715 in the gas storage tank 703 corresponding to a and d. A magnetic block 718 that is magnetically repelled by the magnetic block 716 is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting bracket 717 facing the sealing element 715. An elastic element 719 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the piston chamber 714 on the side of the sealing element 715 away from the sealing element 715. A vent hole (not shown in the figure) is opened on the side of the gas storage tank 703 facing the mounting plate 707 to communicate with the outside, so that the piston block 704 can slide normally.

[0029] Specifically, during a short circuit, rotating the rotating column 702 causes the gas storage tank 703 to rotate to position a. The magnetic repulsion between magnetic blocks 716 and 718 pushes the sealing element 715 into the gas storage tank 703, thus opening it. Simultaneously, the magnetic attraction between magnetic blocks 706 and 720 causes the piston block 704 to slide into the gas storage tank 703, drawing hot air from inside the outer casing 1 into the tank. When the gas storage tank 703 rotates to position b, magnetic blocks 716 and 718 are misaligned. The sealing element 715, under the elastic force of the elastic element 719, inserts into the gas storage tank 703 to seal it. The magnetic repulsion between magnetic blocks 706 and 709 pushes the piston block 704 to move outward from the gas storage tank 703. At this time, the opening 713 rotates. Aligning with the air storage hole, the piston block 704 pushes the hot air inside the air storage tank 703 to be discharged through the air outlet 711. When the air storage tank 703 rotates to position c, the piston block 704 is driven to slide into the air storage tank 703 by the magnetic attraction between magnetic block 1 706 and magnetic block 2 720, drawing outside air back into the air storage tank 703 through the opening 713 and the air outlet 711. When the air storage tank 703 rotates to position d, the air storage tank 703 is opened by the magnetic repulsion between magnetic block 4 716 and magnetic block 5 718. At the same time, the gas is injected into the outer casing 1 by the magnetic attraction between magnetic block 1 706 and magnetic block 2 720, thereby realizing the circulation and exchange between the outside cold air and the inside hot air of the outer casing 1 under sealed conditions, achieving the effect of heat dissipation for the circuit breaker, and preventing the arc from being ejected.

[0030] Please see the appendix Figure 7 A motor 710 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting plate 707, and the drive end of the motor 710 passes through the mounting plate 707 and is fixedly connected to the rotating column 702.

[0031] Specifically, the motor 710 drives the rotating column 702 to rotate 90° once and pause for a period of time to allow time for the piston block 704 to move before rotating again, thereby achieving automatic heat dissipation.

[0032] In the working process, when the circuit breaker is closed, the magnetic column 505 rotates upward according to the operating handle 2 and aligns with the magnetic block 504. The magnetic attraction pulls the baffle 502 to one side of the operating handle 2, thus exposing the air inlet / outlet 4 for convection and heat dissipation. When the circuit breaker is open, the operating handle 2 rotates downward, causing the magnetic column 505 and the magnetic block 504 to misalign. The baffle 502, under the tension of the tension spring 503, slides away from the operating handle 2, thus blocking the air inlet / outlet 4. This reduces the amount of electric arc emitted from the air inlet or outlet, which could affect product performance, achieving automatic switching. The effect of the air inlet / outlet 4 is to improve the safety of the circuit breaker during use. When the trip baffle 502 slides away from the operating handle 2, it drives one end of the rack 511. The rack 511 drives the gear 510 to rotate, and the gear 510 drives the rotating shaft 507 to rotate, so that the sealing cover 508 moves into the air inlet / outlet 4. When the baffle 502 blocks the air inlet / outlet 4, the sealing cover 508 presses tightly against the air inlet / outlet 4, thereby sealing the air inlet / outlet 4 and further improving the sealing effect of the air inlet / outlet 4, which helps to prevent electric arc from being ejected from the air inlet or outlet.

[0033] During a short circuit, rotating the rotating column 702 causes the gas storage tank 703 to rotate to position a. The magnetic repulsion between magnetic blocks 716 and 718 pushes the sealing element 715 into the gas storage tank 703, opening it. Simultaneously, the magnetic attraction between magnetic blocks 706 and 720 drives the piston block 704 into the gas storage tank 703, drawing hot air from inside the outer casing 1 into the tank. When the gas storage tank 703 rotates to position b, magnetic blocks 716 and 718 are misaligned. The sealing element 715, under the elastic force of the elastic element 719, inserts into the gas storage tank 703 to seal it. The magnetic repulsion between magnetic blocks 706 and 709 pushes the piston block 704 outward from the gas storage tank 703, and at this time, the opening 713 rotates to align. The air storage hole allows the piston block 704 to push the hot air inside the air storage tank 703 out through the air outlet 711. When the air storage tank 703 rotates to position c, the piston block 704 is driven to slide into the air storage tank 703 by the magnetic attraction between magnetic block 1 706 and magnetic block 2 720, drawing outside air back into the air storage tank 703 through the opening 713 and the air outlet 711. When the air storage tank 703 rotates to position d, the air storage tank 703 is opened by the magnetic repulsion between magnetic block 4 716 and magnetic block 5 718. At the same time, the gas is injected into the outer casing 1 by the magnetic attraction between magnetic block 1 706 and magnetic block 2 720, thereby realizing the circulation and exchange between the outside cold air and the inside hot air of the outer casing 1 under sealed conditions, achieving the effect of heat dissipation for the circuit breaker, and preventing the arc from being ejected.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature, comprising a shell (1), and an operating handle (2), a circuit breaker module, a power supply module, a signal conditioning module, an arc detection circuit, an arc fault electronic identification circuit, a tripping module, a communication interface module, a test button and a terminal installed on the shell (1), both sides of the shell (1) are provided with air inlets and outlets (4), characterized in that, The surface of the shell (1) is provided with a ventilation adjusting assembly (5) corresponding to the air inlet and outlet (4), the ventilation adjusting assembly (5) comprises a sliding groove (501) and two baffles (502) and a magnetic column (505) which are provided on the surface of the shell (1) and located on the upper and lower sides of the air inlet and outlet (4), the upper and lower sides of the baffle (502) are respectively connected with the two sliding grooves (501) in sliding mode, the inner side wall of the sliding groove (501) and the side wall of the baffle (502) are fixedly connected with a tension spring (503) in common, the surface of the baffle (502) facing the operating handle (2) is embeddedly and fixedly provided with a magnetic block (504), the magnetic column (505) penetrates through the operating handle (2) and is fixedly connected with the operating handle (2), and the midpoint of the magnetic column (505) and the magnetic block (504) is located on the same horizontal line in the closed state.

2. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation adjusting assembly (5) further comprises an annular threaded connecting piece (506), the threaded connecting piece (506) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the air inlet and outlet (4), a rotating shaft (507) is rotatably connected at the center of the threaded connecting piece (506), the surface of the rotating shaft (507) is tapped to form a thread and is threadedly connected with a sealing cover plate (508), a rotating frame (509) is rotatably connected between the sealing cover plate (508) and the threaded connecting piece (506) in common, a gear (510) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (507), a rack (511) is meshingly connected to the toothed end of the gear (510), a horizontal slot (512) is formed in the surface of the baffle (502) corresponding to the gear (510), and one end of the rack (511) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slot (512).

3. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the rotating shaft (507) away from the threaded connecting piece (506) is rotatably connected with an annular supporting piece (513), the outer end of the supporting piece (513) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the air inlet and outlet (4), and the outer wall of the shell (1) is fixedly connected with a dustproof filter cover (6) corresponding to the air inlet and outlet (4).

4. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of heat dissipation openings are formed in the surface of the shell (1), a sealing heat dissipation assembly (7) is installed on the outer side of the heat dissipation opening, the sealing heat dissipation assembly (7) comprises an annular housing (701), the housing (701) is fixedly installed on the surface of the shell (1) corresponding to the heat dissipation opening, a rotating column (702) is sealingly and rotatably fitted on the outer side of the housing (701), a plurality of gas storage grooves (703) are formed in the surface of the rotating column (702) in an annular distribution, a piston block (704) is sealingly and slidably fitted in the gas storage groove (703), and a magnetic block one (706) is embeddedly and fixedly arranged on the side of the piston block (704) away from the heat dissipation opening.

5. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas storage tank (703) is divided into four groups a, b, c and d, one end of the rotating column (702) is provided with a mounting plate (707), the mounting plate (707) is fixedly connected with the connecting column (708) between the housing (701), the upper and lower sides of the mounting plate (707) are respectively embedded and fixed with the magnetic block two (720) which is magnetically attracted to the magnetic block one (706), and the left and right sides of the mounting plate (707) are respectively embedded and fixed with the magnetic block three (709) which is magnetically repelled to the magnetic block one (706).

6. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surface of the gas storage tank (703) is provided with a gas outlet hole (711), the outer side wall of the rotating column (702) is sealingly and rotatably provided with a sealing ring (712), the surface of the sealing ring (712) is provided with an opening (713) corresponding to the gas outlet hole (711) of the b and c gas storage tanks (703), and the outer wall of the sealing ring (712) is fixedly connected with the connecting column (708).

7. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 4, wherein, The inside of the gas storage tank (703) is provided with a piston cavity (714), the inside of the piston cavity (714) is sealingly and slidably provided with a sealing element (715), the side wall of the sealing element (715) is fixedly connected with a magnetic block four (716), the inner wall of the housing (701) is fixedly connected with a mounting bracket (717) corresponding to the sealing element (715) in the a and d gas storage tanks (703), and one side of the mounting bracket (717) facing the sealing element (715) is fixedly connected with a magnetic block five (718) which is magnetically repelled to the magnetic block four (716).

8. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 7, characterized in that, The side of the sealing element (715) away from the sealing element (715) is fixedly connected with an elastic element (719) on the inner side wall of the piston cavity (714).

9. An arc detection circuit breaker with adaptive load signature according to claim 5, wherein, The outer side wall of the mounting plate (707) is fixedly connected with a motor (710), and the driving end of the motor (710) penetrates the mounting plate (707) and is fixedly connected with the rotating column (702).

10. An arc detection circuit breaker system with adaptive load signature, characterized by, An adaptive load signature arc detection circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-9, the system comprising a dual-domain synchronous sampling module, an event-driven control module, a lightweight feature extraction module, an adaptive load signature library module, a two-stage voting tripping module, and a structure-EMC coordination module, an event buffer module; The dual-domain synchronous sampling module comprises a near-field EMI micro-antenna and a high-frequency current differential channel, the near-field EMI micro-antenna adopts a geometric slotting and shield window design, is used for collecting arc radiation signals of 30kHz-5MHz, the high-frequency current differential channel is based on a Rogowski coil and a differential shaping structure, is used for acquiring di / dt short pulse information, and two-way signals are synchronously sampled; The event-driven control module is used for controlling a sampling frequency, under normal circumstances, low sampling is performed at a frequency of 10kS / s, when a coarse threshold or spectral kurtosis preliminary screening is triggered, switching to a frequency of 100-200kS / s to start short window capture. The light feature extraction module locates non-stationary burst band by spectral kurtosis, extracts transient energy by TKEO energy operator, and calculates energy ratio of only a small number of 2-3 layers of frequency bands by wavelet packet to form an 8-12 dimensional sparse feature vector; The adaptive load signature library module clusters the load into three categories of motor, phase control and rectification according to the steady-state harmonic index, power factor and start-stop characteristics during operation, and maintains dynamic baseline and threshold self-correction function for each type of load; The two-level voting tripping module includes a hardware level and an algorithm level. The hardware level triggers a pre-tripping window by TKEO and differential channel exceeding N times within Δt time. The algorithm level determines by spectral kurtosis band pass and wavelet energy ratio within the pre-tripping window. Both levels output a trip signal, otherwise record the event and alarm. In the structure-EMC collaborative module, the arc antenna shield is designed with a labyrinth return and equipotential lap joint, the sensing plate and the actuator are isolated by an insulating rib and a ground reference rib, the signal circuit is provided with single-point grounding, common-mode choke, RC snubber and TVS multi-level front end, and maintains a safe distance from the main circuit. The self-clustering process of the adaptive load signature library module is specifically to collect the steady-state harmonic data, power factor data and start-stop time series data of the load in real time, and to classify the load by using a clustering algorithm. In the two-level voting tripping module, the value of Δt of the hardware level ranges from 5 to 10 ms, and the value of N ranges from 3 to 5 times, which can be programmably set according to the actual application scenario. In the structure-EMC collaborative module, the labyrinth return structure of the shield returns 2-3 times, the insulating rib is made of high-temperature resistant epoxy resin, and the ground reference rib is made of copper. The event buffer module is used to record the timestamp, feature vector and voting path information of the event, and provides data support for subsequent tracing and threshold updating of the load signature library. The window size of the near-field EMI micro antenna shield is designed according to the signal transmission characteristics of 30 kHz-5 MHz, and the window area is 1 / 5-1 / 3 of the total area of the antenna. The number of turns of the Rogowski coil of the high-frequency current differential channel is set according to the detection current range to ensure the sensitivity of the di / dt short pulse signal acquisition. In the light feature extraction module, the frequency resolution of spectral kurtosis calculation is set according to the arc signal characteristics to ensure accurate capture of non-stationary burst band. In the algorithm level of the two-level voting tripping module, the threshold value θ(class) of ArcScore is adjusted in real time according to the dynamic baseline of each type of load in the adaptive load signature library. In the signal circuit of the structure-EMC collaborative module, the inductance value of the common-mode choke, the resistance and capacitance values of the RC snubber, and the breakdown voltage of the TVS are all matched and designed according to the surge, EFT and power frequency induced interference characteristics of the power distribution site.

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