Battery devices and electrical appliances

Abstract

This application provides a battery device and an electrical device. The battery device includes a heat exchange assembly, which includes a heat exchange element and a thermal actuator. The heat exchange element has at least two flow channels for guiding the flow of heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element is used to exchange heat with the battery cells. By incorporating a thermal actuator within the heat exchange element that deforms when its temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the temperature of different areas of the battery cells can be varied. This allows for automatic distribution of the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in each flow channel, adjusting the heat exchange capacity of each channel to meet the heat exchange needs of different areas of the battery cells. This helps improve the temperature uniformity of the battery cells, mitigating the performance degradation caused by excessively high or low local temperatures, and ultimately improving the overall performance of the battery device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery device and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] Battery devices are widely used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, and power tools, etc.

[0003] The battery assembly consists of several individual battery cells housed within a casing. During actual operation, temperature differences occur in different areas of each battery cell. These cells are susceptible to degradation or damage due to localized overheating or undercooling, leading to performance reduction and necessitating improvements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a battery device and an electrical device that can improve the performance degradation of individual battery cells caused by local overheating or overcooling, and improve the overall performance of the battery device.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery device, comprising: a housing; a battery cell disposed within the housing; and a heat exchange assembly disposed within the housing. The heat exchange assembly includes a heat exchange element and a thermal actuator. The heat exchange element has at least two flow channels for guiding the flow of a heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element is used for heat exchange with the battery cell. The thermal actuator is disposed within the heat exchange element. The thermal actuator is configured to deform when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold to increase the flow area of ​​at least one flow channel; or, the thermal actuator blocks at least one flow channel and is configured to deform to disengage from the flow channel when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

[0006] In the embodiment of this application, the battery device includes a heat exchange assembly, which includes a heat exchange element and a thermal actuator. The heat exchange element has at least two flow channels for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element is used to exchange heat with the battery cells. By setting a thermal actuator in the heat exchange element that deforms when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the temperature of each area of ​​the battery cell changes. It can automatically distribute the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in each flow channel and adjust the heat exchange capacity of each flow channel to adapt to the heat exchange needs of different areas of the battery cell. This helps to improve the temperature uniformity of the battery cell and improve the problem of performance degradation caused by excessively high or low local temperatures of the battery cell, thus helping to improve the overall performance of the battery device.

[0007] In some embodiments, the thermal actuator includes a first adjustment mechanism, a plurality of flow channels arranged in a first direction, the plurality of flow channels including a first flow channel and a second flow channel located on both sides of the first adjustment mechanism, the first adjustment mechanism participating in defining the first flow channel and the second flow channel; the first adjustment mechanism is configured to deform toward the second flow channel when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel.

[0008] In the embodiment of this application, the first regulating mechanism participates in defining the first flow channel and the second flow channel, which helps to reduce the distance between the first regulating mechanism and the battery cell. The first regulating mechanism can respond more reliably to the temperature change of the battery cell. The first flow channel and the second flow channel are respectively located on both sides of the first regulating mechanism. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first regulating mechanism increases the flow area of ​​the first flow channel and enhances the heat exchange rate of the first flow channel by deforming towards the second flow channel. Its structure is simple and highly reliable.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first adjustment mechanism is configured to deform toward the first flow channel when the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold, thereby reducing the flow area of ​​the first flow channel, wherein the second threshold is less than the first threshold.

[0010] In the embodiment of this application, when the temperature is less than or equal to the second threshold, the first adjustment mechanism deforms toward the first flow channel to reduce the flow area of ​​the first flow channel and improve the problem of insufficient performance of the battery cell due to the low temperature in some areas of the battery cell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thermal actuator includes a plurality of first adjustment mechanisms spaced apart along a first direction, and a plurality of flow channels including a first flow channel located between two adjacent first adjustment mechanisms; each first adjustment mechanism is configured to deform in a direction away from the first flow channel when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, so as to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel.

[0012] In the embodiment of this application, the first flow channel is located between two adjacent first adjustment mechanisms. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, each first adjustment mechanism deforms away from the first flow channel. On the one hand, this helps to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel to a greater extent and improve the heat exchange rate of the first flow channel. On the other hand, it can also reduce the encroachment of the first adjustment mechanism on the flow area of ​​the second flow channel and improve the heat exchange capacity of the second flow channel.

[0013] In some embodiments, at least one first flow channel is located in the central region of the heat exchanger in a first direction.

[0014] In the embodiment of this application, at least one first flow channel is located in the middle region of the heat exchanger in the first direction, corresponding to the middle part of the battery cell with a higher temperature, so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger and improve the problem of performance degradation of the battery cell due to local overheating.

[0015] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger includes a housing, the housing includes a chamber, a first adjustment mechanism is located in the chamber and extends in a second direction, the first adjustment mechanism divides the chamber into at least two flow channels along a first direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect, wherein the inner surface of the housing is provided with a snap-fit ​​portion, and the first adjustment mechanism is connected to the housing through the snap-fit ​​portion.

[0016] In the embodiments of this application, the first adjustment mechanism is connected to the outer shell through a snap-fit ​​part provided on the inner surface of the outer shell, so as to reduce the installation difficulty of the first adjustment mechanism and the outer shell.

[0017] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger includes a main body and a collector, the collector being disposed at at least one end of the main body in a second direction, the collector including a collection cavity, a flow channel disposed within the main body, the collection cavity and the flow channel communicating, and the thermal actuator including a second adjustment mechanism that blocks the collection cavity and at least one flow channel, the second adjustment mechanism being configured to deform to connect the collection cavity and at least one flow channel when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0018] In the embodiment of this application, the second adjustment mechanism blocks the flow collection cavity and at least one flow channel. The second adjustment mechanism does not need to form a flow channel, which reduces the processing and assembly difficulty of the second adjustment mechanism. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the second adjustment mechanism deforms to connect the flow collection cavity and at least one flow channel to enhance the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange component in the open flow channel region.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second adjustment mechanism includes a driving part and a closing part, the closing part being connected to the current collector via the driving part, the closing part blocking at least one flow channel, and the second adjustment mechanism being configured such that when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the driving part deforms away from the main body to drive the closing part to open the flow channel.

[0020] In the embodiment of this application, the second adjustment mechanism includes a driving part and a sealing part. The sealing part is connected to the heat exchange medium through the driving part and blocks the flow channel. The deformation of the driving part when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold drives the sealing part to move and open the flow channel. This helps to reduce the contact area between the driving part and the heat exchange medium and improves the problem that the driving part is deformed and blocked due to excessive pressure exerted by the heat exchange medium on the driving part, and the sealing part cannot open the flow channel normally.

[0021] In some embodiments, a sealing portion is disposed at the port of at least one flow channel to block the flow channel; or, the heat exchanger further includes a flow divider disposed in a second direction between the collector and the main body, the flow divider including a first through hole, the collector cavity communicating with at least one flow channel through the first through hole, and the sealing portion disposed in the first through hole to block at least one flow channel.

[0022] In the embodiments of this application, the sealing part is disposed at the port of at least one flow channel to block the flow channel, which helps to simplify the structure of the heat exchanger; the sealing part is disposed at the first through hole of the flow divider to block the flow channel, reducing the risk of the sealing part squeezing and damaging the flow channel.

[0023] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing portion gradually decreases in the direction from the current collector to the main body, and at least a portion of the sealing portion extends into the flow channel and fits against the inner wall of the flow channel; or, the heat exchanger includes a flow divider, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing portion gradually decreases in the direction from the current collector to the main body, and at least a portion of the sealing portion extends into the first through hole and fits against the hole wall of the first through hole.

[0024] In the embodiments of this application, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing part gradually decreases in the second direction, and at least part of the sealing part extends into the flow channel and adheres to the inner wall of the flow channel to increase the contact area between the sealing part and the inner wall of the flow channel; or at least part of the sealing part extends into the first through hole and adheres to the hole wall of the first through hole to increase the contact area between the sealing part and the first through hole and improve the reliability of the sealing part in blocking the flow channel.

[0025] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger further includes a flow divider, which includes a substrate, a first through hole, and a first seal. The first through hole is disposed in the substrate, and the first seal is disposed in the substrate and surrounds the first through hole. The sealing portion presses against the first seal along a second direction.

[0026] In the embodiment of this application, the sealing part presses against the first sealing member along the second direction to enhance the sealing reliability of the second adjusting mechanism and the diversion part.

[0027] In some embodiments, the second adjustment mechanism further includes a connecting portion, which connects a current collector and a drive portion to both sides in the second direction, respectively, and the orthographic projection of the drive portion in the second direction is located within the connecting portion.

[0028] In the embodiment of this application, the driving part is connected to the current collector through the connecting part. The orthographic projection of the driving part in the second direction is located inside the connecting part. The connection part increases the connection area between the driving part and the current collector, thereby improving the stability of the driving part.

[0029] In some embodiments, the second adjustment mechanism further includes a protective portion surrounding the drive portion, with one end of the protective portion connected to the connecting portion in a second direction, and the other end of the protective portion spaced apart from the closing portion along the second direction.

[0030] In the embodiment of this application, the protective part and the connecting part are connected and are arranged around the periphery of the driving part. The driving part is used to reduce the impact of the heat exchange medium on the driving part and improve the problem that the driving part will pull the closed part out of place due to the impact of the heat exchange medium.

[0031] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger further includes a flow divider disposed between the collector and the main body in a second direction. The flow divider includes a substrate and a first through hole disposed in the substrate. The collector cavity is connected to at least one flow channel through the first through hole. The second adjustment mechanism includes a fixed end and a movable end. The fixed end is connected to the substrate, and the movable end covers the first through hole. The second adjustment mechanism is configured such that when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the movable end deforms relative to the fixed end to open the flow channel.

[0032] In the embodiment of this application, the fixed end of the second adjustment mechanism is connected to the base to improve the stability of the second adjustment mechanism, and the movable end of the second adjustment mechanism is covered by the first through hole to block the flow channel. The second adjustment mechanism has a simple structure and high reliability.

[0033] In some embodiments, the second adjustment mechanism includes at least two adjustment parts, each adjustment part including a fixed sub-end and a movable sub-end. The fixed sub-end is connected to the base, and each movable sub-end together covers the first through hole. The fixed end is formed by each fixed sub-end, and the movable end is formed by each movable sub-end.

[0034] In the embodiment of this application, at least two adjustment parts cover the first through hole, which helps to shorten the maximum distance between the fixed sub-end and the movable sub-end and reduce the difficulty of deformation of the adjustment parts.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first thresholds of at least two adjustment units are distinct.

[0036] In the embodiments of this application, the first thresholds of at least two adjustment units are different, so that the second adjustment mechanism can adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the flow channel according to different temperature conditions.

[0037] In some embodiments, the diversion section further includes a mounting base, which includes a first part and a second part. The second part is located in a first through hole, the first part connects the second part and the base, each adjustment part is arranged around the second part, and each fixing sub-end is connected to the second part.

[0038] In the embodiment of this application, the diversion section further includes a mounting base, and the fixed sub-ends of each adjustment section are connected to the second part of the mounting base to facilitate fixing the second adjustment mechanism to the diversion section.

[0039] In some embodiments, the second adjustment mechanism is located on the side of the diversion section away from the main body.

[0040] In the embodiment of this application, the second adjustment mechanism is disposed on the side of the diversion section away from the main body, so that the heat exchange medium in the collecting cavity can apply pressure toward the main body to the second adjustment mechanism, so that the second adjustment mechanism can reliably cover the first through hole.

[0041] In some embodiments, a portion of the second adjustment mechanism is recessed along the second direction and extends into the first through hole.

[0042] In the embodiment of this application, a portion of the second adjustment mechanism is recessed along the second direction and extends into the first through hole, thereby increasing the contact area between the second adjustment mechanism and the heat exchange medium and enhancing the resistance between the second adjustment mechanism and the heat exchange part.

[0043] In some embodiments, the diversion section further includes a second seal, which is disposed on the substrate and surrounds the first through hole, and the movable end of the second adjustment mechanism abuts against the second seal along a second direction.

[0044] In the embodiment of this application, the movable end of the second adjustment mechanism abuts against the second seal along the second direction to enhance the sealing reliability of the movable end of the second adjustment mechanism and the diversion part.

[0045] In some embodiments, the thermal actuator comprises a shape memory alloy.

[0046] In the embodiments of this application, the thermal actuator includes a shape memory alloy to give the thermal actuator a shape memory effect, which facilitates the thermal actuator to deform at a first threshold, helps to simplify the structure of the thermal actuator and improve the reliability of the thermal actuator.

[0047] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including the battery device of any of the embodiments of the first aspect described above. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery module provided in one embodiment of the application;

[0052] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of a single battery cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchange component of a battery device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 8 This is an embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA;

[0057] Figure 9 This is provided by another embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA;

[0058] Figure 10 This is another embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA;

[0059] Figure 11 This is another embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA;

[0060] Figure 12 This is another embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA;

[0061] Figure 13 yes Figure 10 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0062] Figure 14 This is an exploded view of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 15 A partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Enlarged structural diagram at point C;

[0065] Figure 17 This is a partially exploded view of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 18 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 19 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 20 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 21 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 22 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 23 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 24 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second adjustment mechanism of the battery device provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 26 yes Figure 20 A magnified structural diagram at point D.

[0075] Figure label:

[0076] 1. Vehicle; 101. Motor; 102. Controller;

[0077] 2. Battery assembly; 201. Battery module; 202. Housing; 2021. First housing; 2022. Second housing;

[0078] 3. Battery cell; 31. Casing;

[0079] 4. Electrode assembly; 41. Electrode tab; 42. Electrode body;

[0080] 5. End cap assembly; 51. Electrode terminal;

[0081] 6. Heat exchange components;

[0082] 7. Heat exchanger; 71. Flow channel; 711. First flow channel; 712. Second flow channel; 72. Outer shell; 73. Rib; 721. Snap-fit ​​part; 74. Main body; 75. Current collector; 76. Flow divider; 761. First through hole; 762. Second through hole; 763. Base; 764. Mounting base; 7641. First part; 7642. Second part; 765. First seal; 766. Second seal;

[0083] 8. Thermal actuator; 81. First adjustment mechanism; 82. Second adjustment mechanism; 811. Drive unit; 812. Enclosure unit; 813. Connecting unit; 814. Protective unit; 821. Fixed end; 822. Movable end; 823. Adjustment unit; 8231. Fixed sub-end; 8232. Movable sub-end;

[0084] X, the first direction; Y, the second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0085] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0086] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain.

[0087] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0088] Furthermore, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0089] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0090] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0091] Currently, judging from market trends, the application of battery devices is becoming increasingly widespread. Battery devices are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but also widely applied in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in military equipment and aerospace. With the continuous expansion of battery device applications, market demand is also constantly increasing.

[0092] The battery assembly consists of several individual battery cells housed within a casing. During actual operation, temperature differences will occur in different areas of each battery cell. These individual cells are susceptible to degradation or damage due to localized overheating or undercooling, resulting in reduced performance.

[0093] The reason for the above problem is that, in order to regulate the temperature of the battery cells, the battery assembly also includes a cold plate, which has several channels for the flow of heat exchange medium. In related technologies, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in each channel of the cold plate is fixed, that is, the heat exchange capacity of each channel is fixed. This means that when temperature differences occur in different parts of the battery cell during operation, the cold plate cannot match the different heat exchange capacity requirements of different areas of the battery cell, resulting in localized overheating or overcooling of the battery cell.

[0094] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a battery device comprising a heat exchange assembly, which includes a heat exchange element and a thermal actuator. The heat exchange element has at least two flow channels for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element exchanges heat with the battery cells. By incorporating a thermal actuator within the heat exchange element that deforms when its temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the temperature of different areas within the battery cells changes. This automatically distributes the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in each flow channel and adjusts the heat exchange capacity of each channel to meet the heat exchange requirements of different areas within the battery cells. This helps improve the temperature uniformity across the battery cells, mitigating the performance degradation caused by excessively high or low local temperatures, and ultimately enhancing the overall performance of the battery device.

[0095] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to battery devices and electrical devices that use battery devices.

[0096] Electrical devices can include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and power tools, etc. Vehicles can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc. This application does not impose any special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.

[0097] In this embodiment of the application, the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.

[0098] The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and this application embodiment is not limited to this. The battery cell can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes, and this application embodiment is not limited to this either.

[0099] The battery device mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery device mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack. A battery pack generally includes a housing for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The housing can prevent liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.

[0100] A single battery cell includes electrode components and an electrolyte. The electrode components include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The battery cell primarily functions by the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrode components. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer, the latter coated on the surface of the current collector. The current collector includes a positive current-collecting section and a positive electrode tab connected to it. The current-collecting section is coated with the positive active material layer, while the tab is not. Taking a lithium-ion battery as an example, the positive current collector can be made of aluminum, and the positive active material layer includes the positive active material, which can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganese oxide, etc. The negative electrode sheet includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer, the negative active material layer being coated on the surface of the negative current collector. The negative current collector includes a negative current collection section and a negative electrode tab connected to the negative current collection section. The negative current collection section is coated with the negative active material layer, while the negative electrode tab is not coated with the negative active material layer. The material of the negative current collector can be copper, and the negative active material layer includes negative active material, which can be carbon or silicon, etc. The material of the separator can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.

[0101] It should be understood that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are not limited to the battery devices and electrical equipment described above, but can also be applied to all battery devices including housings and electrical equipment using battery devices. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments are all illustrated using electric vehicles as examples.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1 provided in some embodiments of this application. Vehicle 1 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a range-extended electric vehicle, etc. A battery device 2 is installed inside vehicle 1, and the battery device 2 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1. The battery device 2 can be used to power vehicle 1; for example, the battery device 2 can serve as the operating power source for vehicle 1. Vehicle 1 may also include a controller 102 and a motor 101. The controller 102 is used to control the battery to supply power to the motor 101, for example, to meet the power needs of vehicle 1 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0103] In some embodiments of this application, the battery device 2 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.

[0104] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device 2 according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0105] The battery device 2 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include one or more battery cell assemblies for providing voltage and capacity. A battery cell assembly may include multiple battery cells 3, which are connected in series, parallel, or mixed connections via a busbar.

[0106] In some embodiments, the battery cell assembly is typically formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 3.

[0107] As an example, the battery cell assembly can be a battery module 201, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 3 to form an independent module. As an example, the battery module 201 can be formed by binding multiple battery cells 3 together with cable ties.

[0108] In some embodiments, the battery device 2 may be a battery pack, which includes a housing 202 and one or more battery cell assemblies, the battery cell assemblies being housed in the housing 202.

[0109] As an example, the battery cell assembly can be a battery module 201, which can be housed in the housing 202 by fixing the battery module 201 in the housing 202.

[0110] As an example, the battery cell assembly can also be housed in the housing 202 by directly fixing multiple battery cells 3 to the housing 202.

[0111] As an example, the housing 202 may include a first housing 2021 and a second housing 2022. The first housing 2021 and the second housing 2022 are fastened together, forming a closed space inside the housing 202 to house the battery cell assembly. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, which can be sealed or unsealed. The first housing 2021 may be an end cap or a bottom plate.

[0112] As an example, the housing 202 may include an end cap, a frame, and a base plate. The end cap and the base plate are respectively connected to the frame, so that the interior of the housing 202 forms an enclosed space to accommodate the battery cell assembly.

[0113] In some embodiments, the housing 202 may be part of the chassis structure of the vehicle 1. For example, a portion of the housing 202 may be at least a portion of the floor of the vehicle 1, or a portion of the housing 202 may be at least a portion of the crossbeams and longitudinal beams of the vehicle 1.

[0114] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery module 201 according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0115] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, there are multiple battery cells 3. These multiple battery cells 3 are first connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form a battery module 201. The multiple battery modules 201 are then connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form a whole, which is housed in the casing 202.

[0116] Multiple battery cells 3 in the battery module 201 can be electrically connected through a busbar component to achieve parallel, series, or mixed connection of multiple battery cells 3 in the battery module 201.

[0117] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of a battery cell 3 provided in an embodiment of this application. The battery cell 3 refers to the smallest unit that makes up the battery device 2. For example... Figure 4 The battery cell 3 includes an end cap assembly 5, a housing 31, and an electrode assembly 4.

[0118] Electrode assembly 4 is the component in the battery cell 3 where the electrochemical reaction occurs. The casing 31 may contain one or more electrode assemblies 4. Electrode assembly 4 is mainly formed by winding or stacking electrode sheets, which are divided into positive and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets. The portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets containing active material constitute the electrode body 42, while the portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active material each constitute a tab 41. The positive and negative tabs can be located together at one end of the electrode body 42 or separately at both ends of the electrode body 42. During the charging and discharging process of the battery cell 3, the positive and negative active materials react with the electrolyte, and the tabs 41 connect to the electrode terminals 51 to form a current loop.

[0119] The electrode assembly 4 can be a wound structure, a stacked structure, or a hybrid structure of wound and stacked.

[0120] In some embodiments, electrode assembly 4 is a wound structure. The positive electrode and negative electrode are wound into a wound structure.

[0121] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly 4 is a stacked structure. As an example, multiple positive and negative electrodes can be provided, with multiple positive and multiple negative electrodes stacked alternately. Multiple spacers can be provided and respectively provided between any adjacent positive or negative electrodes. Alternatively, the spacers can be provided continuously and provided between any adjacent positive or negative electrodes by folding.

[0122] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly 4 may be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal, etc.

[0123] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly 4 is provided with tabs 41, which can conduct current from the electrode assembly 4. The tabs 41 include a positive tab and a negative tab.

[0124] The battery cell 3 may include a housing 31. The housing 31 is an assembly used to cooperate with the end cap assembly 5 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 3, wherein the formed internal environment can accommodate the electrode assembly 4, electrolyte (not shown in the figure), and other components. The housing 31 can be a steel housing, an aluminum housing, a plastic housing (such as polypropylene), a composite metal housing (such as a copper-aluminum composite housing), or an aluminum-plastic film, etc. In some embodiments, the housing 31 can be a sealed structure or a non-sealed structure. As an example, when the housing 31 is a non-sealed structure, the housing 31 serves to protect the electrode assembly 4, and a sealing bag is also included between the housing 31 and the electrode assembly 4. The sealing bag is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly 4 and the electrolyte. Specifically, the sealing bag can be a bag-shaped insulating component or an aluminum-plastic film. When the housing 31 is a sealed structure, it is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly 4 and electrolyte, etc.

[0125] As an example, the battery cell 3 can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell 3 of other shapes. Prismatic battery cells include square battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic battery cells. Multi-prismatic battery cells are, for example, hexagonal prismatic battery cells. This application does not have any particular limitations.

[0126] The housing 31 and the end cap assembly 5 can be independent components. One or more openings can be provided on the housing 31, and one or more end cap assemblies 5 can close the openings to form the internal environment of the battery cell 3. Optionally, the end cap assembly 5 and the housing 31 can also be integrated. Optionally, the end cap assembly 5 and the housing 31 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing, and the end cap assembly 5 closes the housing 31 when it is necessary to encapsulate the interior of the housing 31.

[0127] In some embodiments, the electrode terminal 51 may be disposed on the end cap assembly 5 or on the housing 31, and the electrode terminal 51 is electrically connected to the tab 41.

[0128] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchange component of a battery device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is an embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA; Figure 9 This is provided by another embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA.

[0129] Firstly, such as Figures 5 to 9 As shown, this application provides a battery device 2, which includes a housing 202, a battery cell 3, and a heat exchange assembly 6. The battery cell 3 is disposed within the housing 202. The heat exchange assembly 6 is disposed within the housing 202 and includes a heat exchange element 7 and a thermal actuator 8. The heat exchange element 7 has at least two flow channels 71 for guiding the flow of heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element 7 is used for heat exchange with the battery cell 3. The thermal actuator 8 is disposed within the heat exchange element 7. The thermal actuator 8 is configured to deform when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold to increase the flow area of ​​at least one flow channel 71; or, the thermal actuator 8 blocks at least one flow channel 71 and is configured to deform to detach from the flow channel 71 when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

[0130] In the embodiment of this application, the battery device 2 includes a heat exchange assembly 6, which includes a heat exchange element 7 and a thermal actuator 8. The heat exchange element 7 is provided with at least two flow channels 71 for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element 7 is used to exchange heat with the battery cell 3. By providing a thermal actuator 8 in the heat exchange element 7 that deforms when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the temperature of each area of ​​the battery cell 3 changes. It can automatically distribute the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in each flow channel 71 and adjust the heat exchange capacity of each flow channel 71 to adapt to the heat exchange needs of different areas of the battery cell 3. This helps to improve the temperature uniformity of the battery cell 3 and improve the problem of performance degradation caused by excessively high or low local temperatures of the battery cell 3, thus helping to improve the overall performance of the battery device 2.

[0131] Optionally, one or more battery cells 3 are disposed within the housing 202. For example, multiple battery cells 3 are arranged in an array along the length and width of the housing 202. For example, the housing 202 may contain 1, 16, 64, or 256 battery cells 3.

[0132] Optionally, the battery cell 3 includes two end faces opposite each other in its height direction, two side faces opposite each other in its length direction, and two large surfaces opposite each other in its width direction. The area of ​​the large surfaces is larger than the area of ​​the end faces and the area of ​​the side faces. The heat exchanger 7 is thermally connected to at least one of the large surfaces, side faces, and end faces. This application describes the thermal connection between the heat exchanger 7 and the large surfaces of the battery cell 3 as an example.

[0133] Optionally, the heat exchange assembly 6 further includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, both of which are connected to the flow channel 71. The heat exchange medium is input into the flow channel 71 through the inlet pipe, flows within the flow channel 71, and is output to the outside through the outlet flow channel 71. For example, the heat exchange medium can be water, ethanol, propylene glycol, etc.

[0134] Optionally, the heat exchanger 7 and the battery cell 3 are thermally connected. Thermal connection means that the heat exchanger 7 and the battery cell 3 exchange heat in direct contact, or that the heat exchanger 7 exchanges heat with the battery cell 3 through a thermally conductive medium. For example, the thermally conductive medium can be a metal or other heat transfer material.

[0135] For example, the heat exchanger 7 is provided with 2, 3, 5, or 10 flow channels 71.

[0136] Optionally, the thermal actuator 8 includes a shape memory alloy to give it a shape memory effect, facilitating deformation at a first threshold, which helps simplify the structure of the thermal actuator 8 and improve its reliability. For example, the shape memory alloy can be a two-way shape memory alloy or a full-way shape memory alloy. For example, the shape memory alloy can be a nickel-titanium alloy, an iron-based shape memory alloy, or a copper-based shape memory alloy, etc.

[0137] Shape memory effect refers to the ability of certain special materials to completely recover their original pre-set shape after undergoing significant deformation by applying specific external stimuli (such as heating).

[0138] The first threshold is the temperature at which the thermal actuator 8 undergoes a high-temperature phase transition. The specific temperature of the first threshold can be designed according to actual conditions. For example, the first threshold is 80℃, 100℃, 120℃, etc.

[0139] The thermal actuator 8 is deformed to increase the flow area of ​​at least one flow channel 71, or the thermal actuator 8 is deformed to reduce the flow resistance of at least one flow channel 71 to increase the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in at least one flow channel 71, or the thermal actuator 8 is deformed to increase the area of ​​at least one flow channel 71 in its axial cross section.

[0140] The flow area refers to the actual effective cross-sectional area through which the fluid can pass in a plane perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. Flow resistance is the resistance to fluid flow. For example, if the battery cell 3 experiences localized overheating, the heat exchange medium can be a low-temperature heat exchange medium. The battery cell 3 heats the thermal actuator 8, and through the deformation of the thermal actuator 8, the flow area of ​​the target flow channel can be increased, thereby improving the cooling capacity of the target flow channel. The target flow channel corresponds to the area of ​​the battery cell 3 where localized overheating is likely to occur.

[0141] For example, if the battery cell 3 has a localized low temperature, the heat exchange medium can be a high-temperature heat exchange medium. The high-temperature heat exchange medium heats the thermal actuator 8. Through the deformation of the thermal actuator 8, the flow area of ​​the target flow channel can be increased, thereby improving the heating capacity of the target flow channel. The target flow channel corresponds to the area of ​​the battery cell 3 where the localized low temperature is likely to occur.

[0142] A thermal actuator blocks at least one flow channel 71. The thermal actuator 8 is configured to deform to disengage from the flow channel 71 when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold. Specifically, when the temperature is less than the first threshold, the thermal actuator 8 blocks at least one flow channel 71, preventing the heat exchange medium from entering the blocked flow channel 71 or from flowing within the blocked flow channel 71; when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the thermal actuator 8 deforms to disengage from the flow channel 71, with the thermal actuator 8 and the flow channel 71 wall spaced apart, allowing the heat exchange medium to enter the flow channel 71 and flow within it.

[0143] The heat exchanger 7 includes a target area, which corresponds to the region in the battery cell 3 where high temperatures are easily generated. The flow channel 71, which is blocked by the thermal actuator 8, is located within the target area. When the local temperature of the battery cell 3 is too high, the thermal actuator 8 deforms, increasing the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the target area and enhancing the heat exchange capacity of the target area to balance the temperature of each region of the battery cell 3.

[0144] For example, the heat exchanger 7 contains multiple flow channels 71, including open flow channels and blocked flow channels. Multiple open flow channels are spaced apart, and blocked flow channels are located between adjacent open flow channels. Each blocked flow channel includes a first sub-flow channel and a second sub-flow channel. A thermal actuator 8 is located in the first sub-flow channel, and a plug is located in the second sub-flow channel. When the temperature of the thermal actuator 8 is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first sub-flow channel is in a flowing state, while the second sub-flow channel remains blocked by the plug. The first sub-flow channel and part of the open flow channel are located within the target area. When the local temperature of the battery cell 3 is excessively high, the thermal actuator 8 deforms, and heat exchange medium flows in both the first sub-flow channel and the open flow channel within the target area. This increases the overall flow rate of the heat exchange medium within the target area, thereby enhancing the heat exchange capacity of the target area.

[0145] Optionally, the heat exchange assembly 6 includes multiple battery cells 3 and multiple heat exchange elements 7. The battery cells 3 are disposed between two adjacent heat exchange elements 7. The heat load of the heat exchange elements 7 in contact with several battery cells 3 in the middle of the housing 202 is greater. Therefore, the heat exchange elements 7 located in the middle are provided with thermal actuators 8 to improve the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange elements 7 to the battery cells 3 in the middle of the housing 202. The heat exchange elements 7 located on the side are not provided with thermal actuators 8 to reduce the processing cost of the heat exchange assembly 6.

[0146] In some embodiments, such as Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the thermal actuator 8 includes a first adjustment mechanism 81 and a plurality of flow channels 71 arranged in a first direction X. The plurality of flow channels 71 include a first flow channel 711 and a second flow channel 712 located on both sides of the first adjustment mechanism 81. The first adjustment mechanism 81 participates in defining the first flow channel 711 and the second flow channel 712. The first adjustment mechanism 81 is configured to deform in a direction away from the first flow channel 711 when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, so as to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711.

[0147] In these embodiments, the first regulating mechanism 81 participates in defining the first flow channel 711 and the second flow channel 712, which helps to reduce the distance between the first regulating mechanism 81 and the battery cell 3. The first regulating mechanism 81 can respond more reliably to the temperature changes of the battery cell 3. The first flow channel 711 and the second flow channel 712 are respectively disposed on both sides of the first regulating mechanism 81. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first regulating mechanism 81 deforms toward the second flow channel 712 to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711 and enhance the heat exchange rate of the first flow channel 711. Its structure is simple and highly reliable.

[0148] Optionally, the heat exchanger 7 includes a plurality of flow channels 71, which extend in the second direction Y and are arranged in the first direction X, where the first direction X intersects the second direction Y.

[0149] When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first regulating mechanism 81 deforms away from the first flow channel 711 to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711, reduce the flow resistance of the first flow channel 711, increase the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the first flow channel 711, and enhance the heat exchange rate of the first flow channel 711. The first flow channel 711 refers to the flow channel 71 whose flow area can be increased when the temperature of the first regulating mechanism 81 is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

[0150] For example, when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first adjusting mechanism 81 deforms toward the second flow channel 712 to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711, such as... Figure 9 As shown, when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711 increases, and the flow area of ​​the second flow channel 712 decreases. The first flow channel 711 corresponds to the area with a higher temperature of the battery cell 3, and the second flow channel 712 corresponds to the area with a lower temperature of the battery cell 3. By deforming the first adjustment mechanism 81, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium is automatically distributed between the first flow channel 711 and the second flow channel 712, so that the flow rate in the heat exchange plate matches the heat exchange requirements of different areas of the battery cell 3. Specifically, how to distribute the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711 and the second flow channel 712 after the first adjustment mechanism 81 deforms can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0151] Optionally, one or more first flow channels 711 can be provided within a heat exchanger 7. The arrangement of each first flow channel 711 can be designed according to the actual situation.

[0152] For example, at least one first flow channel 711 is located in the middle region of the heat exchanger 7 in the first direction X, to address the situation where the overheated area of ​​the battery cell 3 tends to appear in its middle, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger 7 and mitigating the problem of performance degradation of the battery cell 3 due to local overheating. For example, the middle region of the heat exchanger 7 is located in the middle of the battery cell 3 in its orthogonal projection.

[0153] For example, at least one first flow channel 711 is located at one end of the heat exchanger 7 in the first direction X near the electrode terminal 51 of the battery cell 3, in order to address the situation where the overheated area of ​​the battery cell 3 is likely to appear at its end, so as to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger 7.

[0154] Optionally, the thermal actuator 8 includes a housing 72 and ribs 73. The housing 72 includes a chamber, and the ribs 73 and the first adjustment mechanism 81 are both disposed within the chamber. The ribs 73 and the first adjustment mechanism 81 are arranged at intervals in the first direction X to form a plurality of flow channels 71. The ribs 73 serve to provide structural support and enhance the overall strength of the heat exchanger 7.

[0155] If the first adjusting mechanism 81 defines the first flow channel 711, then the first flow channel 711 is formed by two first adjusting mechanisms 81 and the outer shell 72, or the first flow channel 711 is formed by one first adjusting mechanism 81, one rib 73 and the outer shell 72; if the first adjusting mechanism 81 defines the second flow channel 712, then the second flow channel 712 is formed by two first adjusting mechanisms 81 and the outer shell 72, or the second flow channel 712 is formed by one first adjusting mechanism 81, one rib 73 and the outer shell 72.

[0156] For example, when two first adjustment mechanisms 81 define a second flow channel 712, the two first adjustment mechanisms 81 are a first mechanism and a second mechanism, respectively. Both the first mechanism and the second mechanism have a first flow channel 711 and a second flow channel 712 on both sides of their first direction X. The second flow channel 712 of the first mechanism coincides with the first flow channel 711 of the second mechanism. When the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first mechanism deforms towards the second mechanism to increase the flow area of ​​its corresponding first flow channel 711; the second mechanism deforms away from the first mechanism to increase the flow area of ​​its corresponding first flow channel 711.

[0157] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 , Figure 10 This is another embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA; Figure 11 This is another embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA; Figure 12 This is another embodiment provided by this application. Figure 7 Sectional view at AA.

[0158] In some embodiments, such as Figures 10 to 12 As shown, the thermal actuator 8 includes a plurality of first adjustment mechanisms 81 arranged at intervals along a first direction X, and a plurality of flow channels 71 including a first flow channel 711 located between two adjacent first adjustment mechanisms 81; each first adjustment mechanism 81 is configured to deform in a direction away from the first flow channel 711 when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, so as to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711, such as... Figure 11 As shown.

[0159] In these embodiments, the first flow channel 711 is located between two adjacent first adjustment mechanisms 81. When the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, each first adjustment mechanism 81 deforms away from the first flow channel 711. On the one hand, this helps to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711 to a greater extent and improve the heat exchange rate of the first flow channel 711. On the other hand, it can also reduce the encroachment of the first adjustment mechanism 81 on the flow area of ​​the second flow channel 712 and improve the heat exchange capacity of the second flow channel 712.

[0160] Optionally, the two adjacent first adjustment mechanisms 81 may have different degrees of deformation at the first threshold. For example, the two adjacent first adjustment mechanisms 81 may be a third mechanism and a fourth mechanism, with the third mechanism being closer to the electrode terminal 51 in the first direction X than the fourth mechanism. The deformation degree of the third mechanism at the first threshold is less than the deformation temperature of the fourth mechanism at the first threshold, in order to transfer the heat load of the heat exchanger 7 towards the edge furthest from the electrode terminal 51.

[0161] Optionally, the first adjustment mechanism 81 is configured to deform toward the first flow channel 711 when the temperature is less than or equal to the second threshold, thereby reducing the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711. The second threshold is less than the first threshold, which improves the problem of insufficient performance of the battery cell 3 due to excessively low temperature in some areas of the battery cell 3. Figure 12 As shown.

[0162] Specifically, the first regulating mechanism 81 includes a full-range shape memory alloy. When the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the first regulating mechanism 81 deforms towards the second flow channel 712 to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711 and improve its cooling capacity. When the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold, the first regulating mechanism 81 deforms towards the first flow channel 711 to reduce its flow area and decrease its cooling capacity, thereby keeping the battery cell 3 warm in low-temperature environments to maintain its activity and charging efficiency. The specific temperatures of the first and second thresholds can be designed according to the specific conditions.

[0163] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 yes Figure 10 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the middle.

[0164] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 and Figure 13 As shown, the heat exchanger 7 includes a housing 72, which includes a chamber. A first adjustment mechanism 81 is located inside the chamber and extends in the second direction Y. The first adjustment mechanism 81 divides the chamber into at least two flow channels 71 along the first direction X. The first direction X and the second direction Y intersect. The inner surface of the housing 72 is provided with a snap-fit ​​portion 721, and the first adjustment mechanism 81 is connected to the housing 72 through the snap-fit ​​portion 721.

[0165] In these embodiments, the first adjustment mechanism 81 is connected to the housing 72 via a snap-fit ​​portion 721 provided on the inner surface of the housing 72, thereby reducing the installation difficulty of the first adjustment mechanism 81 and the housing 72.

[0166] Optionally, the latching part 721 is a slot, and the first adjusting mechanism 81 is provided with a latching block, which is latched and connected to the slot; or the latching part 721 is a latching block, and the first adjusting mechanism 81 is provided with a slot, which is latched and connected to the slot.

[0167] Optionally, the connection interface between the snap-fit ​​portion 721 and the first adjustment mechanism 81 is provided with a seal to reduce the risk of leakage from the heat exchanger 7. For example, the seal is a sealing gel.

[0168] Optionally, the ribs 73 and the outer shell 72 are integrally formed to improve the structural strength of the heat exchanger 7.

[0169] Please see Figure 14 and Figure 15 , Figure 14 This is an exploded view of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 15 A partial structural diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0170] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the heat exchanger 7 includes a main body 74 and a collector 75. The collector 75 is disposed at at least one end of the main body 74 in the second direction Y. The collector 75 includes a collection cavity and a flow channel 71 is disposed in the main body 74. The collection cavity and the flow channel 71 are connected. The thermal actuator 8 includes a second adjustment mechanism 82. The second adjustment mechanism 82 blocks the collection cavity and at least one flow channel 71. The second adjustment mechanism 82 is configured to deform to connect the collection cavity and at least one flow channel 71 when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0171] In these embodiments, the second regulating mechanism 82 blocks the flow collection cavity and at least one flow channel 71. The second regulating mechanism 82 does not need to form the flow channel 71, which reduces the processing and assembly difficulty of the second regulating mechanism 82. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the second regulating mechanism 82 deforms to connect the flow collection cavity and at least one flow channel 71 to enhance the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange element 7 in the open flow channel 71 region.

[0172] The second regulating mechanism 82 blocks the collection cavity and at least one flow channel 71, preventing the heat exchange medium in the collection cavity from entering the blocked target flow channel through the second regulating mechanism 82. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the second regulating mechanism 82 deforms, no longer blocking the target flow channel. The flow resistance of the target flow channel decreases, the flow area increases, and the heat exchange medium in the collection cavity flows into the target flow channel, enhancing the heat exchange performance of the target flow channel.

[0173] Optionally, a single second regulating mechanism 82 can block one or more flow channels 71. In other words, one or more flow channels 71 within the heat exchanger 7 can be blocked by the second regulating mechanism 82.

[0174] Optionally, at least one target flow channel is located in the middle region of the heat exchanger 7 in the first direction X to enhance the heat exchange capability of the heat exchanger 7 to the middle of the battery cell 3; or at least one target flow channel is located in the end region of the heat exchanger 7 in the first direction X near the electrode terminal 51 to enhance the heat exchange capability of the heat exchanger 7 to the end of the battery cell 3.

[0175] Optionally, the thermal actuator 8 includes a first adjustment mechanism 81 and a second adjustment mechanism 82, with the target flow channel and the first flow channel 711 arranged in the first direction X; or the target flow channel and the first flow channel 711 overlap.

[0176] For example, when the target flow channel and the first flow channel 711 coincide, considering that the deformation of the first adjustment mechanism 81 will increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the first flow channel 711, causing the second adjustment mechanism 82 to be unable to block the target flow channel, the first threshold of the first adjustment mechanism 81 is set to be less than the first threshold of the second adjustment mechanism 82. In this way, the first adjustment mechanism 81 and the second adjustment mechanism 82 can adjust the flow capacity of the target flow channel at different temperatures.

[0177] Please see Figure 16 , Figure 17 and Figure 18 , Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 17 This is a partially exploded view of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 18 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0178] In some embodiments, such as Figures 14 to 18 As shown, the second adjustment mechanism 82 includes a drive part 811 and a closing part 812. The closing part 812 is connected to the current collector 75 through the drive part 811. The closing part 812 blocks at least one flow channel 71. The second adjustment mechanism 82 is configured such that when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the drive part 811 deforms away from the main body 74 to drive the closing part 812 to open the flow channel 71.

[0179] In these embodiments, the second adjustment mechanism 82 includes a drive part 811 and a closing part 812. The closing part 812 is connected to the current collector 75 through the drive part 811. The closing part 812 blocks the flow channel 71. The deformation of the drive part 811 when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold drives the closing part 812 to move and open the flow channel 71. This helps to reduce the contact area between the drive part 811 and the heat exchange medium, and improves the problem that the drive part 811 is obstructed due to excessive pressure exerted by the heat exchange medium on the drive part 811, and the closing part 812 cannot open the flow channel 71 normally.

[0180] Optionally, one end of the drive unit 811 is fixed to the current collector 75. The drive unit 811 and the current collector 75 can be fixed by snap-fit, bolt connection or welding, etc.

[0181] Optionally, the closing part 812 of the second regulating mechanism 82 can block one or more flow channels 71.

[0182] Optionally, the drive unit 811 is connected to the current collector 75 at one end in the second direction Y, and to the closure unit 812 at the other end in the second direction Y. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the second adjustment mechanism 82 contracts away from the main body 74 in the second direction Y, thereby driving the closure unit 812 to open the flow channel 71.

[0183] Optionally, the drive unit 811 is made of shape memory alloy, and the drive unit 811 generates deformation based on the shape memory effect.

[0184] Optionally, the drive unit 811 is spiral-shaped to facilitate deformation of the drive unit 811.

[0185] In some embodiments, such as Figures 16 to 18 As shown, the second adjustment mechanism 82 also includes a connecting part 813, which connects the current collector 75 and the driving part 811 on both sides of the second direction Y, respectively. The orthographic projection of the driving part 811 in the second direction Y is located inside the connecting part 813.

[0186] In these embodiments, the drive unit 811 is connected to the current collector 75 via the connecting part 813. The orthographic projection of the drive unit 811 in the second direction Y is located within the connecting part 813. The connecting part 813 increases the connection area between the drive unit 811 and the current collector 75, thereby improving the stability of the drive unit 811.

[0187] Optionally, the connecting part 813 and the driving part 811 are first connected together outside the collecting cavity, and then the connecting part 813 is connected to the current collector 75, reducing the assembly difficulty of the second adjustment mechanism 82 and the current collector 75.

[0188] Optionally, the shape and size of the connecting part 813 can be designed independently. For example, the connecting part 813 may be rectangular or circular, etc.

[0189] In some embodiments, such as Figures 16 to 18 As shown, the second adjustment mechanism 82 also includes a protective part 814, which is disposed around the periphery of the drive part 811. One end of the protective part 814 is connected to the connecting part 813 in the second direction Y, and the other end is spaced apart from the closing part 812 along the second direction Y.

[0190] In these embodiments, the protective part 814 and the connecting part 813 are connected and are disposed around the periphery of the driving part 811. The driving part 811 is used to reduce the impact of the heat exchange medium on the driving part 811 and improve the problem that the driving part 811 will pull the sealing part 812 out of place due to the impact of the heat exchange medium.

[0191] Optionally, the protective part 814 and the connecting part 813 are integrally formed to improve the reliability of their connection.

[0192] In some embodiments, a sealing portion 812 is disposed at the port of at least one flow channel 71 to block the flow channel 71; or, the heat exchanger 7 further includes a flow divider 76 disposed along the second direction Y between the collector 75 and the main body 74, the flow divider 76 including a first through hole 761, the collector cavity communicating with at least one flow channel 71 through the first through hole 761, and the sealing portion 812 disposed at the first through hole 761 to block at least one flow channel 71.

[0193] In these embodiments, the closure portion 812 is disposed at the port of at least one flow channel 71 to block the flow channel 71, which helps to simplify the structure of the heat exchanger 7; the closure portion 812 is disposed at the first through hole 761 of the flow divider 76 to block the flow channel 71, reducing the risk of the closure portion 812 squeezing and damaging the flow channel 71.

[0194] Optionally, if the closure portion 812 is disposed at the port of at least one flow channel 71, then the closure portion 812 covers the port of the flow channel 71, or the closure portion 812 extends into the port of the flow channel 71. The same applies if the closure portion 812 is disposed at the first through hole 761.

[0195] Optionally, the flow divider 76 further includes a second through hole 762. The first through hole 761 and the second through hole 762 are respectively used to communicate with different flow channels 71. When the temperature of the second regulating mechanism 82 reaches the first threshold, the first through hole 761 is connected to the flow channel 71 and the flow collecting cavity. The flow collecting cavity is always connected to the flow channel 71 through the second through hole 762.

[0196] Optionally, the diversion section 76 is provided with one or more first through holes 761.

[0197] Optionally, the heat exchanger 7 also includes a flow divider 76, which includes a base 763, a first through hole 761, and a first seal 765. The first through hole 761 is disposed on the base 763, and the first seal 765 is disposed on the base 763 and surrounds the first through hole 761. The sealing part 812 presses against the first seal 765 along the second direction Y to enhance the sealing reliability of the second adjusting mechanism 82 and the flow divider 76.

[0198] For example, the first seal 765 is a sealing strip or sealing ring, etc.

[0199] Please see Figure 19 , Figure 19 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0200] In some embodiments, such as Figure 17 and Figure 19 As shown, from the current collector 75 to the main body 74, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing portion 812 gradually decreases in the second direction Y, and at least part of the sealing portion 812 extends into the flow channel 71 and adheres to the inner wall of the flow channel 71; or, the heat exchanger 7 includes a flow divider 76, from the current collector 75 to the main body 74, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing portion 812 gradually decreases in the second direction Y, and at least part of the sealing portion 812 extends into the first through hole 761 and adheres to the hole wall of the first through hole 761.

[0201] In these embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing portion 812 gradually decreases in the second direction Y. At least a portion of the sealing portion 812 extends into the flow channel 71 and adheres to the inner wall of the flow channel 71 to increase the contact area between the sealing portion 812 and the inner wall of the flow channel 71; or at least a portion of the sealing portion 812 extends into the first through hole 761 and adheres to the hole wall of the first through hole 761 to increase the contact area between the sealing portion 812 and the first through hole 761, thereby improving the reliability of the sealing portion 812 in blocking the flow channel 71.

[0202] For example, the closure portion 812 is in the shape of a cone or a frustum, etc.

[0203] Optionally, the sealing part 812 has an inclined outer surface, and the port of the flow channel 71 has an inclined inner wall. The outer surface of the sealing part 812 is attached to the inner wall of the flow channel 71. This increases the connection area between the sealing part 812 and the inner wall of the flow channel 71. On the other hand, the heat exchange medium in the collection cavity applies pressure to the sealing part 812 in the second direction Y to press the outer surface of the sealing part 812 against the inner wall of the flow channel 71, thereby enhancing the sealing performance of the sealing part 812 and the inner wall of the flow channel 71.

[0204] Optionally, the sealing part 812 has an inclined outer surface, and the first through hole 761 has an inclined inner wall. The outer surface of the sealing part 812 is attached to the inner wall, which increases the connection area between the sealing part 812 and the first through hole 761. On the other hand, the heat exchange medium in the collecting cavity applies pressure to the sealing part 812 in the second direction Y to press the outer surface of the sealing part 812 against the inner wall, thereby enhancing the sealing performance of the sealing part 812 and the first through hole 761.

[0205] Optionally, the sealing part 812 is configured to be elastically deformable, and the sealing part 812 is elastically pressed against the wall of the first through hole 761 to improve the sealing performance between the two.

[0206] Please see Figure 20 , Figure 21 and Figure 22 , Figure 20 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 21 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 22 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0207] In some embodiments, such as Figures 20 to 22 As shown, the heat exchanger 7 also includes a flow divider 76, which is disposed between the collector 75 and the main body 74 along the second direction Y. The flow divider 76 includes a base 763 and a first through hole 761 disposed in the base 763. The collector cavity is connected to at least one flow channel 71 through the first through hole 761. The second adjustment mechanism 82 includes a fixed end 821 and a movable end 822. The fixed end 821 is connected to the base 763, and the movable end 822 covers the first through hole 761. The second adjustment mechanism 82 is configured such that when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the movable end 822 deforms relative to the fixed end 821 to open the flow channel 71.

[0208] In these embodiments, the fixed end 821 of the second adjustment mechanism 82 is connected to the base 763 to improve the stability of the second adjustment mechanism 82, and the movable end 822 of the second adjustment mechanism 82 covers the first through hole 761 to block the flow channel 71. The structure of the second adjustment mechanism 82 is simple and highly reliable.

[0209] Optionally, the fixed end 821 of the second adjustment mechanism 82 is fixed to the base 763 by means of welding, threaded connection, snap-fit ​​or adhesive.

[0210] For example, the movable end 822 of the second adjustment mechanism 82 covers the first through hole 761. When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the movable end 822 flips, lifts, or retracts relative to the fixed end 821 to expose the first through hole 761.

[0211] For example, the second adjustment mechanism 82 is circular, rectangular, or teardrop-shaped, etc.

[0212] Optionally, the diversion section 76 further includes a second seal 766, which is disposed on the base 763 and surrounds the first through hole 761. The movable end 822 abuts against the second seal 766 along the second direction Y to enhance the sealing reliability of the movable end 822 of the second adjustment mechanism 82 and the diversion section 76.

[0213] For example, the second seal 766 is a sealing strip or sealing ring, etc.

[0214] Please see Figure 23 , Figure 24 and Figure 25 , Figure 23 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 24 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange component of a battery device provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second adjustment mechanism of the battery device provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0215] In some embodiments, such as Figures 23 to 25 As shown, the second adjustment mechanism 82 includes at least two adjustment parts 823. Each adjustment part 823 includes a fixed sub-end 8231 and a movable sub-end 8232. The fixed sub-end 8231 is connected to the base 763, and each movable sub-end 8232 together covers the first through hole 761. The fixed end 821 is formed by each fixed sub-end 8231, and the movable end 822 is formed by each movable sub-end 8232.

[0216] In these embodiments, at least two adjustment portions 823 cover the first through hole 761, which helps to shorten the maximum distance between the fixed sub-end 8231 and the movable sub-end 8232 and reduces the difficulty of deformation of the adjustment portion 823.

[0217] For example, the second adjustment mechanism 82 includes 2, 3, 6, or other adjustment parts 823.

[0218] The movable sub-ends 8232 of each adjustment part 823 together cover the first through hole 761, and the movable sub-ends 8232 of each adjustment part 823 are connected to each other to form a planar structure that covers the first through hole 761.

[0219] Optionally, the fixing ends 8231 of at least two adjusting parts 823 are fixed to the periphery of the first through hole 761, and the at least two adjusting parts 823 are arranged around the axis of the first through hole 761.

[0220] Optionally, the diversion section 76 further includes a mounting base 764, which includes a first part 7641 and a second part 7642. The second part 7642 is located inside the first through hole 761. The first part 7641 connects the second part 7642 and the base 763. Each adjustment part 823 is arranged around the second part 7642, and each fixing sub-end 8231 is connected to the second part 7642 to facilitate fixing the second adjustment mechanism 82 to the diversion section 76.

[0221] Optionally, the mounting base 764 includes a plurality of first portions 7641, which are evenly arranged around the second portion 7642 to enhance the connection strength between the mounting base 764 and the base 763. The adjusting portion 823 abuts against the base 763 and two adjacent first portions 7641 along the second direction Y, and the first portions 7641 serve to support the adjusting portion 823.

[0222] For example, both the mounting base 764 and the base 763 are made of metal and are integrally formed; or the mounting base 764 is made of metal and the base 763 is made of plastic, with the mounting base 764 and the base 763 being formed separately and the mounting base 764 being embedded in the base 763.

[0223] Optionally, at least two regulating sections 823 may have different first threshold values, enabling the second regulating mechanism 82 to adjust the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in the flow channel 71 according to different temperature conditions. The regulating sections 823 are made of shape memory alloy. The different first threshold values ​​of the at least two regulating sections 823 refer to the different phase transition temperatures of the at least two regulating sections 823. When the second regulating mechanism 82 is at different temperatures, different numbers of regulating sections 823 deform to adjust the flow resistance of the target flow channel at different temperatures.

[0224] Please see Figure 26 , Figure 26 yes Figure 20 A magnified structural diagram at point D.

[0225] In some embodiments, such as Figure 20 , Figures 24 to 26 As shown, the second adjustment mechanism 82 is located on the side of the diversion section 76 away from the main body section 74.

[0226] In these embodiments, the second adjustment mechanism 82 is disposed on the side of the diversion section 76 away from the main body 74, so that the heat exchange medium in the collection cavity can apply pressure toward the main body 74 to the second adjustment mechanism 82, so that the second adjustment mechanism 82 reliably covers the first through hole 761.

[0227] Optionally, a portion of the second adjustment mechanism 82 is recessed along the second direction Y and extends into the first through hole 761, increasing the contact area between the second adjustment mechanism 82 and the heat exchange medium, and enhancing the resistance between the second adjustment mechanism 82 and the heat exchange section.

[0228] For example, the second adjustment mechanism 82 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other in its thickness direction. The first surface is disposed on the side of the second adjustment mechanism 82 away from the main body 74. The first surface has a groove structure, which increases the contact area between the heat exchange medium in the collection cavity and the first surface, thereby increasing the pressure of the heat exchange medium acting on the second adjustment mechanism 82. The second surface protrudes towards the first through hole 761 and fits against the hole wall of the first through hole 761, thereby increasing the contact area between the second adjustment mechanism 82 and the first through hole 761, increasing the size of the sealing interface between them, and improving the sealing performance.

[0229] Optionally, the second adjustment mechanism 82 includes at least two adjustment parts 823, some of which are recessed along the second direction Y and extend into the first through hole 761, thereby increasing the contact area between the adjustment part 823 and the heat exchange medium and enhancing the resistance between the adjustment part 823 and the heat exchange medium.

[0230] Optionally, the second adjustment mechanism 82 includes at least two adjustment parts 823, and the second adjustment mechanism 82 abuts against the second seal 766 along the second direction Y.

[0231] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including the battery device of any of the embodiments of the first aspect described above.

[0232] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 26As shown, this application provides a battery device 2, which includes a housing 202, a battery cell 3, and a heat exchange assembly 6. The battery cell 3 is disposed within the housing 202. The heat exchange assembly 6 is disposed within the housing 202 and includes a heat exchange element 7 and a thermal actuator 8. The heat exchange element 7 includes a main body 74, a current collector 75, and a flow divider 76. The current collector 75 is disposed at at least one end of the main body 74 in a second direction Y and includes a current collection cavity. A plurality of flow channels 71 are arranged in the main body 74 in a first direction X. The flow divider 76 is disposed between the current collector 75 and the main body 74 along the second direction Y and includes a first through hole 761. The current collection cavity communicates with at least one flow channel 71 through the first through hole 761. The flow channel 71 is used to guide the flow of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element 7 is used to exchange heat with the battery cell 3. The thermal actuator 8 is disposed within the heat exchange element 7 and includes a shape... The shape memory alloy thermal actuator 8 includes a first adjustment mechanism 81 and / or a second adjustment mechanism 82. A plurality of flow channels 71 are arranged in a first direction X. The plurality of flow channels 71 include a first flow channel 711 and a second flow channel 712 located on both sides of the first adjustment mechanism 81. The first adjustment mechanism 81 participates in defining the first flow channel 711 and the second flow channel 712. The first adjustment mechanism 81 is configured to deform toward the second flow channel 712 when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711, and to deform toward the first flow channel 711 when the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold to decrease the flow area of ​​the first flow channel 711. The second threshold is less than the first threshold. The second adjustment mechanism 82 blocks the manifold and at least one flow channel 71. The second adjustment mechanism 82 is configured to deform to connect the manifold and at least one flow channel 71 when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

[0233] In these embodiments, the battery device 2 includes a heat exchange assembly 6, which includes a heat exchange element 7 and a thermal actuator 8. The heat exchange element 7 is provided with at least two flow channels 71 for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element 7 is used to exchange heat with the battery cell 3. By providing a thermal actuator 8 in the heat exchange element 7 that deforms when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the temperature of each area of ​​the battery cell 3 changes. It can automatically distribute the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in each flow channel 71 and adjust the heat exchange capacity of each flow channel 71 to adapt to the heat exchange needs of different areas of the battery cell 3. This helps to improve the temperature uniformity of the battery cell 3 and improve the problem of performance degradation caused by excessively high or low local temperatures of the battery cell 3, thus helping to improve the overall performance of the battery device 2.

[0234] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery device, characterized in that, include: Box; The battery cell is disposed inside the housing; A heat exchange assembly is disposed within the housing. The heat exchange assembly includes a heat exchange element and a thermal actuator. The heat exchange element has at least two flow channels for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange element is used for heat exchange with the battery cell. The thermal actuator is disposed within the heat exchange element. Wherein, the thermal actuator is configured to deform when the temperature is greater than or equal to a first threshold to increase the flow area of ​​at least one of the flow channels; or, the thermal actuator blocks at least one of the flow channels, and the thermal actuator is configured to deform to detach from the flow channel when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold. The heat exchanger includes a main body and a collector, the collector being disposed at at least one end of the main body in a second direction, the collector including a collection cavity, a flow channel disposed within the main body, and the collection cavity and the flow channel communicating with each other. The thermal actuator includes a second adjustment mechanism that blocks the manifold and at least one of the flow channels. The second adjustment mechanism is configured to deform to connect the manifold and at least one of the flow channels when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

2. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal actuator includes a first adjustment mechanism, and a plurality of flow channels are arranged in a first direction. The plurality of flow channels include a first flow channel and a second flow channel located on both sides of the first adjustment mechanism. The first adjustment mechanism participates in defining the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The first adjustment mechanism is configured to deform toward the second flow channel when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, so as to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel.

3. The battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first adjustment mechanism is configured to deform toward the first flow channel when the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold, thereby reducing the flow area of ​​the first flow channel, wherein the second threshold is less than the first threshold.

4. The battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thermal actuator includes a plurality of first adjustment mechanisms arranged at intervals along the first direction, and the plurality of flow channels include a first flow channel located between two adjacent first adjustment mechanisms; Each of the first adjustment mechanisms is configured to deform in a direction away from the first flow channel when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, so as to increase the flow area of ​​the first flow channel.

5. The battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one of the first flow channels is located in the central region of the heat exchanger in the first direction.

6. The battery device according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The heat exchanger includes a housing, the housing includes a chamber, a first adjusting mechanism is located within the chamber and extends in a second direction, the first adjusting mechanism dividing the chamber into at least two flow channels along the first direction, the first direction and the second direction intersecting. The inner surface of the outer shell is provided with a snap-fit ​​part, and the first adjustment mechanism is connected to the outer shell through the snap-fit ​​part.

7. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second adjustment mechanism includes a driving part and a sealing part, the sealing part being connected to the current collector via the driving part, and the sealing part blocking at least one of the flow channels. The second adjustment mechanism is configured such that when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the driving part deforms away from the main body to drive the sealing part to open the flow channel.

8. The battery device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sealing portion is disposed at the port of at least one of the flow channels to block the flow channels; or, the heat exchanger further includes a flow divider disposed along the second direction between the collector and the main body, the flow divider including a first through hole, the collector cavity communicating with at least one of the flow channels through the first through hole, and the sealing portion disposed at the first through hole to block at least one of the flow channels.

9. The battery device according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the direction from the current collector to the main body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing portion gradually decreases in the second direction, and at least a portion of the sealing portion extends into the flow channel and adheres to the inner wall of the flow channel; or, the heat exchanger includes the flow divider, in the direction from the current collector to the main body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the sealing portion gradually decreases in the second direction, and at least a portion of the sealing portion extends into the first through hole and adheres to the hole wall of the first through hole.

10. The battery device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat exchanger further includes the flow divider, which includes a base, a first through hole, and a first seal. The first through hole is disposed in the base, and the first seal is disposed in the base and surrounds the first through hole. The sealing portion presses against the first seal along the second direction.

11. The battery device according to any one of claims 7-10, characterized in that, The second adjustment mechanism further includes a connecting part, which connects the current collector and the driving part on both sides of the second direction, respectively, and the orthographic projection of the driving part in the second direction is located inside the connecting part.

12. The battery device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second adjustment mechanism further includes a protective part, which is disposed around the periphery of the drive part. One end of the protective part in the second direction is connected to the connecting part, and the other end is spaced apart from the closing part along the second direction.

13. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchanger further includes a flow divider, which is disposed between the collector and the main body along the second direction. The flow divider includes a substrate and a first through hole disposed in the substrate. The collector cavity communicates with at least one flow channel through the first through hole. The second adjustment mechanism includes a fixed end and a movable end. The fixed end is connected to the base, and the movable end covers the first through hole. The second adjustment mechanism is configured such that when the temperature is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the movable end deforms relative to the fixed end to open the flow channel.

14. The battery device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second adjustment mechanism includes at least two adjustment parts, each adjustment part including a fixed sub-end and a movable sub-end. The fixed sub-end is connected to the base, and each of the movable sub-ends together covers the first through hole. The fixed end is formed by each of the fixed sub-ends, and the movable end is formed by each of the movable sub-ends.

15. The battery device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first thresholds of at least two of the aforementioned adjustment units are distinct.

16. The battery device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The diversion section further includes a mounting base, which includes a first part and a second part. The second part is located in the first through hole. The first part connects the second part and the base. Each of the adjustment parts is arranged around the second part, and each of the fixing sub-ends is connected to the second part.

17. The battery device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second adjustment mechanism is located on the side of the diversion section away from the main body.

18. The battery device according to claim 17, characterized in that, Part of the second adjustment mechanism is recessed along the second direction and extends into the first through hole.

19. The battery device according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that, The diversion section further includes a second sealing element, which is disposed on the substrate and surrounds the first through hole. The movable end of the second adjustment mechanism abuts against the second sealing element along the second direction.

20. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal actuator includes a shape memory alloy.

21. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery device according to any one of claims 1-20 above.

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