Signal transmission and distribution equipment and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a signal transmission and distribution device and method, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises an optical input interface which is used for receiving at least two paths of input optical signals; the optical path selection unit is connected with the optical input interface and is used for selecting one working optical signal from the at least two input optical signals; the light splitting unit is connected with the light path selection unit and is used for carrying out first light splitting on the working light signal to form a main branch light signal and a standby branch light signal; the optical amplification unit is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the standby branch optical signal, shaping and amplifying the electric signal and then converting the electric signal into the standby branch optical signal for output; and the secondary light splitting unit is connected with the output end of the light amplification unit and is used for carrying out secondary light splitting on the amplified standby branch light signal to form at least sixteen paths of output light signals. According to the invention, high-quality distribution of high-path optical signals is guaranteed, and signal degradation and reliability reduction caused by electric domain processing are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a signal transmission and distribution device and method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of communication technology, fiber optic communication plays an increasingly important role in scenarios such as data center internal communication, CATV networks, and passive optical fiber networks (PON / FTTX). Due to its advantages such as strong anti-interference capability, low transmission loss, and good information transmission confidentiality, fiber optic communication is widely used in various industries, especially in fields with extremely high requirements for communication quality and stability. Fiber optic communication can greatly improve the command and combat capabilities of the military, providing strong support for gaining battlefield advantage. Its small footprint in connection and structure, coupled with its ability to transmit large amounts of information, also facilitates the construction of battlefield command posts, avoiding the hassle of traditional cable laying and connections.

[0003] In the field of signal transmission and distribution, traditional methods primarily involve copying and distributing signals at the electrical domain level. For signal transmission and distribution equipment that needs to output a large number of signal channels, the method of directly copying the electrical signals is used when copying and distributing signals in the electrical domain. Furthermore, electrical signals are generally transmitted through media such as cables.

[0004] However, existing methods for copying, distributing, and transmitting electrical signals have significant drawbacks. Copying and distributing at the electrical domain level makes it difficult to guarantee signal and data integrity. The electrical signals to be copied and distributed are susceptible to interference from external electromagnetic fields during transmission. High-speed and high-frequency signals are easily affected by crosstalk, impedance mismatch, and electromagnetic interference during distribution and transmission, resulting in significant signal attenuation. Therefore, they are not suitable for transmission and distribution at the electrical domain level.

[0005] Therefore, how to ensure high-quality distribution of high-number optical signals while avoiding signal degradation and reliability decline caused by electrical domain processing has become a major technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies and ensure high-quality distribution of high-number optical signals while avoiding signal degradation and reliability loss caused by electrical domain processing, this application provides a signal transmission and distribution device and method thereof.

[0007] Firstly, the objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A signal transmission and distribution device, comprising: Optical input interface for receiving at least two input optical signals; An optical path selection unit, connected to the optical input interface, is used to select one working optical signal from the at least two input optical signals; The beam splitting unit, connected to the optical path selection unit, is used to perform a first beam split on the working optical signal to form a main branch optical signal and a backup branch optical signal. An optical amplification unit is connected to the output terminal of the backup branch optical signal and is used to perform photoelectric conversion, electrical signal shaping and amplification on the backup branch optical signal before converting it back into the backup branch optical signal for output. The secondary beam splitting unit is connected to the output end of the optical amplification unit and is used to split the amplified backup branch optical signal a second time to form at least sixteen output optical signals.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, in order to improve signal integrity and distribution consistency, this application provides a signal transmission and distribution device with an all-optical architecture combined with local photoelectric regeneration. The main branch optical signal path maintains optical domain transmission throughout, avoiding noise and distortion introduced by multiple photoelectric and electro-optical conversions. The backup branch optical signal is only photoelectrically shaped and amplified once before being converted back to the optical domain, which not only preserves the advantages of optical transmission, but also improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the backup link through electrical signal shaping. By employing a single-stage and double-stage beam splitting structure, at least sixteen high-quality output optical signals are efficiently generated to meet the needs of large-scale terminal access and achieve reliable distribution of a high number of signals. This application reduces electrical domain processing steps and cable usage, significantly reducing electromagnetic susceptibility, making it suitable for military, aerospace, and other application scenarios with strong electromagnetic interference or high reliability requirements. Furthermore, this application introduces a main / backup dual-branch architecture. When the main branch suffers signal degradation due to fiber damage or device failure, the backup branch signal can be seamlessly switched or merged to improve overall availability and enhance system redundancy and fault tolerance. Thus, this application achieves high-quality distribution of a high number of optical signals while avoiding signal degradation and reliability decline caused by electrical domain processing.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of this application: the beam splitting unit includes a cascaded 1:2 beam splitter and a 1:16 beam splitter, wherein the 1:2 beam splitter has a non-uniform splitting structure with a splitting ratio of 10:90, wherein 10% of the output is directly output as the main branch optical signal, and 90% of the output is input to the optical amplification unit as the backup branch optical signal; the 1:16 beam splitter performs equal-proportional beam splitting on the 90% branch.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the beam splitting unit adopts a cascaded structure of "1:9 non-uniform split + 1:16 equal split", with 10% used for direct transmission of the main branch and 90% sent to the optical amplification unit before participating in subsequent beam splitting. Through the non-uniform splitting design, sufficient optical power is reserved for the main branch to maintain low-noise direct transmission, while most of the optical power is allocated to the backup branch. This ensures that the optical amplification unit still has a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio after regeneration. Combined with the subsequent 1:16 equal split beam splitting, the system can still support a high number of channels (≥16) and balanced power of each output channel under limited input power.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, this application further includes a network management unit and a power supply unit. The network management unit is communicatively connected to the optical path selection unit, the optical amplification unit, and the power supply unit. The network management unit is used to collect status information of each module and report it to the network management platform, and to receive control commands issued by the network management platform. The optical path selection unit includes a mechanical 2×1 optical switch and a control chip. The control chip is an STM32F103VC microcontroller, which is used to automatically or manually switch to the backup optical link according to the status of the primary optical link.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the network management unit communicates with each functional module, enabling the device to have real-time status awareness and remote operation and maintenance capabilities; combined with the fast control logic based on STM32, optical path switching can be completed within 20ms when the main link fails, meeting the requirements of communication system for high availability and fast recovery; at the same time, it supports manual / automatic dual-mode switching, taking into account the needs of on-site emergency operation and automated management.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of this application: the optical amplification unit includes an optical-to-electrical-optical conversion unit; the optical-to-electrical-optical unit includes an optical receiving sub-module, a limiting amplifier, a clock data recovery unit, and an optical transmitting sub-module, used to shape, regenerate, and amplify the optical signal to compensate for power loss after beam splitting.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution and introducing a limiting amplifier and clock data recovery (CDR), not only is the power of the optical signal amplified, but the clock extraction, data regeneration and jitter suppression of the signal are also realized, effectively eliminating the noise and distortion accumulated during the splitting and transmission process. Compared with simple optical amplification (such as EDFA), this solution can restore the signal eye diagram quality and significantly improve the signal integrity of the backup branch.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this application: the management function processing chip of the network management unit is AT91SAM9G20, and the storage chip is H57V2562GTR; the network management unit communicates with various functional modules of the device via RS485.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the network management unit supports flexible selection of multiple input channels, and with the combination of local control and remote dual control modes, the equipment can adapt to unattended remote deployment scenarios while retaining the ability for on-site manual intervention. It can also collect real-time information uploaded by each optical module and display it on the network management software, while simultaneously distributing control information from the network management software to each functional module.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the secondary beam splitting unit includes a 1:8 beam splitter cascaded with the beam splitting unit, and the beam splitting unit and the secondary beam splitting unit as a whole can be expanded to 129 outputs.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution and using a modular cascaded splitting structure (such as a combination of 1:2→1:16→1:8, etc.), the number of output channels can be smoothly expanded from 16 to 129 while maintaining the primary and backup redundancy architecture. This design takes into account both the current high-density distribution requirements and future expansion capabilities, avoiding the need to reconstruct the entire system architecture due to changes in output scale.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, this application further includes a dual power supply unit and an output optical interface. The dual power supply unit provides power to the optical path selection unit, the beam splitting unit, the optical amplification unit, and the secondary beam splitting unit through a parallel circuit. Both the optical input interface and the optical output interface adopt LC-type optical fiber interfaces, and the insertion loss of the optical fiber connector is less than 0.3dB.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solutions, the parallel power supply of dual power supplies improves the overall power supply reliability and avoids system downtime caused by single-point power supply failure; the low insertion loss of the LC interface reduces power loss in the optical link and ensures that the end output still has sufficient optical power after multi-stage splitting; the combination of the two supports stable operation under high number of channels and long links from both the power supply and optical transmission ends.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, this application also includes a power system employing a dual-power backup architecture; wherein the failure rate of a single power supply is: ; If the task duration t equals 2340 hours, the single power supply reliability... The overall reliability of the power system consisting of the main power supply and the backup power supply connected in parallel is: Corresponding system failure rate .

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution and through a dual-power parallel redundancy design, the failure rate of the power supply subsystem is reduced from 1.306 × 10⁻⁻⁻⁶ for a single power supply. 6 / h decreased significantly to 0.00427×10⁻ 6 / h, the reliability is improved to 99.999%, which is significantly better than the conventional single power supply solution; this high reliability power supply architecture provides a basic guarantee for the whole machine to operate without failure for a long time (such as a 2340-hour mission cycle).

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the expression for calculating the total failure rate of the device is: ,in Let i be the number of the i-th type of functional unit. The failure rate of the i-th functional unit is given by . n is the number of functional unit types; the corresponding mean time between failures (MTBCF) = .

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, this application accurately predicts the overall reliability of the machine through a weighted summation model based on the number of functional units and the failure rate, and obtains an MTBF of 28,350 hours, indicating that the equipment has an extremely high mean time between failures. This quantitative reliability index not only verifies the effectiveness of hardware selection and redundancy design.

[0025] Secondly, the objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A signal transmission method based on a signal transmission and distribution device, comprising: Receive at least two input optical signals; Select one of the at least two input optical signals as the working optical signal; The working optical signal is split for the first time to generate the main branch optical signal and the backup branch optical signal; The backup branch optical signal is photoelectrically converted to an electrical signal, which is then shaped and amplified before being converted back into an optical signal to form the amplified backup branch optical signal. The amplified backup branch optical signal is split a second time to generate at least sixteen output optical signals.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, at least two input optical signals are received, and one is selected as the working optical signal, which ensures effective access to the signal source and guarantees reliable and stable signal transmission. The working optical signal is first split to generate the main branch optical signal and the backup branch optical signal, preparing for subsequent signal processing and expansion. The backup branch optical signal is photoelectrically converted, shaped and amplified, and then converted back into an optical signal, which can compensate for the power loss after splitting and ensure that the power of the optical signal transmitted to the other end is within the power reception range of the optical module at the receiving end, ensuring that the transmitted signal is transmitted without packet loss or bit error. The amplified backup branch optical signal is split a second time to generate at least sixteen output optical signals, which facilitates the copying and distribution of multiple data and realizes data transmission with one transmitter and multiple receivers.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By employing optical signal transmission and distribution, interference from external electromagnetic fields is avoided, ensuring the integrity of signals and data and solving the problems of susceptibility to interference and difficulty in guaranteeing signal integrity in electrical domain transmission. The optical signal is shaped, regenerated, and amplified by the optical amplification unit, compensating for the power loss after splitting and ensuring that the power of all optical signals transmitted to the other end is within the power reception range of the optical module at the receiving end. This ensures that the transmitted signal is free of packet loss and errors, and solves the problem of significant attenuation of high-speed and high-frequency signals during distribution and transmission. 2. The equipment has optical switch selection control capability. When there is no signal access on the main line or a fault occurs, it can automatically or manually switch to the backup line to ensure effective access of the signal source and ensure reliable and stable signal transmission. 3. The beam splitting unit and the secondary beam splitting unit work together to split one optical signal into at least sixteen optical signals for output, which facilitates the copying and distribution of multiple data and realizes one-to-many data transmission; the beam splitter structure integrated inside the device can be expanded to 129 outputs, retaining the expandability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a general block diagram of a signal transmission and distribution device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a functional block diagram of a signal transmission and distribution device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a dual power supply unit in a signal transmission and distribution device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a partial circuit diagram of an optical amplification unit in a signal transmission and distribution device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the control chip of the optical path selection unit of a signal transmission and distribution device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a logarithmic amplifier circuit diagram in a signal transmission and distribution device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is an OLP switching drive circuit diagram in a signal transmission and distribution device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this application discloses a signal transmission and distribution device, which includes an optical input interface, an optical path selection (OSS) unit, a beam splitting unit, an optical amplification unit (OEO), a secondary beam splitting unit, a network management unit, a dual power supply unit, and an output optical interface. The optical input interface receives at least two input optical signals. The optical path selection unit is connected to the optical input interface and is used to select one working optical signal from the at least two input optical signals. The beam splitting unit is connected to the optical path selection unit and is used to perform a first beam split on the working optical signal to form a main branch optical signal and a backup branch optical signal. The optical amplification unit is connected to the output of the backup branch optical signal and is used to perform photoelectric conversion, electrical signal shaping and amplification on the backup branch optical signal before converting it back into a backup branch optical signal for output. The secondary beam splitting unit is connected to the output of the optical amplification unit and is used to perform a second beam split on the amplified backup branch optical signal to form at least sixteen output optical signals.

[0031] The dual-power supply unit provides power to the optical path selection unit, splitting unit, optical amplification unit, and secondary splitting unit through a parallel circuit. Both the optical input and output interfaces use LC-type fiber optic interfaces, with insertion loss of less than 0.3dB at the fiber optic connectors. This effectively avoids problems such as interference from external electromagnetic fields, excessive attenuation during signal transmission and distribution, and difficulty in ensuring signal integrity. This is because optical signals are less susceptible to external electromagnetic interference during transmission, and the optical amplification unit compensates for power loss after splitting, ensuring stable signal transmission.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the beam splitting unit includes cascaded 1:2 and 1:16 beam splitters. The 1:2 beam splitter has a non-uniform splitting structure with a 10:90 splitting ratio, where 10% of the output is directly output as the main branch optical signal, and 90% of the output is input to the optical amplification unit as the backup branch optical signal. The 1:16 beam splitter splits the 90% branch optical signal proportionally. Both the 1:2 and 1:16 beam splitters use PLC (planar waveguide) chips. These chips are fabricated using semiconductor processes (photolithography, etching, development, etc.), with the waveguide array located on the upper surface of the PLC chip, integrating the splitting function. PLC chips have advantages such as loss insensitivity to light wavelength, uniform beam splitting, compact structure, small size, multiple splitting channels per device, and low cost for multiple splitting. The output of the 1:2 beam splitter is connected to the input of the 1:16 beam splitter via optical fiber, realizing cascaded beam splitting of the optical signal.

[0033] The optical path selection unit includes a mechanical 2×1 optical switch and a control chip, specifically an STM32F103VC microcontroller. The mechanical 2×1 optical switch uses thermal or electrostatic forces to rotate a micromirror, directly sending or reflecting light to the output end. It offers advantages such as transparent optical signal data format, polarization independence, low insertion loss, high reliability, and switching time within 20ms. The STM32F103VC microcontroller features fast processing speed and powerful functionality. It can automatically or manually switch to the backup optical link based on the primary optical link status, or via physical buttons. The optical path selection unit can also use other types of optical switches and control chips, such as MEMS optical switches and other microcontrollers. The mechanical 2×1 optical switch is connected to the control chip via signal lines. The control chip sends control signals to the optical switch based on the received optical link status information, thus achieving optical link switching.

[0034] The optical amplification unit includes an optical-to-electrical-to-optical conversion unit, which in turn includes an optical receiving submodule, a limiting amplifier, a clock / data recovery unit, and an optical transmitting submodule. The optical receiving submodule can be constructed using PIN or ADP photodiodes and TIAs assembled in a sealed metal casing; its main function is to convert optical signals into electronic signals through the photoelectric effect. The limiting amplifier limits the amplitude of the electrical signal, ensuring signal stability. The clock / data recovery unit recovers the clock and data signals from the electrical signal, achieving signal shaping. The optical transmitting submodule converts the electrical signal into an optical signal of a specific wavelength, performing wavelength conversion, shaping, and amplification. Other types of optical amplification modules, such as EDFA optical amplifiers, can also be used. The optical receiving submodule is connected to the backup branch optical signal output of the splitter unit via optical fiber. After converting the received optical signal into an electrical signal, it is processed sequentially by the limiting amplifier and the clock / data recovery unit, and finally converted back into an optical signal by the optical transmitting submodule for output.

[0035] The secondary beam splitting unit includes a 1:8 beam splitter cascaded with the beam splitting unit. The beam splitting unit and the secondary beam splitting unit together can be expanded to 129 outputs. The 1:8 beam splitter also uses a PLC chip and has similar advantages to the beam splitter mentioned above. The secondary beam splitting unit can also be combined with beam splitters of other splitting ratios to achieve different numbers of outputs. The input of the 1:8 beam splitter is connected via optical fiber to the output of the optical amplification unit and the main branch optical signal output of the beam splitting unit, performing a second beam split on the amplified backup branch optical signal.

[0036] The network management unit communicates with the optical path selection unit, optical amplification unit, and power supply unit. Figure 1 , Figure 2The middle unit (network management and monitoring unit) is used to collect status information of each module and report it to the network management platform (not shown in the figure), and to receive control commands issued by the network management platform.

[0037] The management processing chip for the network management unit can be the AT91SAM9G20, the storage chip can be the H57V2562GTR, and the network functions utilize the 88E6122 switching chip, the DP83848VV PHY chip, the GST5009 network transformer, RJ45 network ports, and optical modules, achieving a total of five Ethernet channels (three optical and two electrical). The network management unit communicates with each functional module of the device via RS485, collects real-time information uploaded by each optical module and displays it on the network management software, while simultaneously distributing control information from the network management software to each functional module.

[0038] The dual power supply unit provides power to the optical path selection unit, beam splitting unit, optical amplification unit, and secondary beam splitting unit through parallel circuits. Dual power supply ensures normal operation even if one power supply fails, improving equipment reliability. Both optical input and output interfaces use LC-type fiber optic interfaces, with insertion loss of less than 0.3dB at the fiber optic connectors, guaranteeing efficient optical signal transmission.

[0039] In this embodiment, the dual power supply unit is a power system employing a dual power backup architecture. In practical applications, the failure rate of a single power supply is: If the task duration t equals 2340 hours, the single power supply reliability is... The overall reliability of the power system consisting of the main power supply and the backup power supply connected in parallel is: Corresponding system failure rate .

[0040] The formula for calculating the total failure rate of the equipment is: ,in Let i be the number of the i-th type of functional unit. The failure rate of the i-th functional unit is given by . n is the number of functional unit types; the corresponding mean time between failures (MTBCF) = Actual measurements have proven that... =35.27354× Then the system's MTBF is =28350h.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figures 3 to 7 As shown, with Figures 3 to 7 Taking the circuit as an example, Figure 3This is the circuit diagram for the dual power supply unit. Chips U7, U8, U9, and U10 are TPS22965DSGR power management chips. The VIN1 and VIN2 input pins are connected to a 12V power supply, and the VOUT1 and VOUT2 output pins are combined into SW_VCC (system operating voltage). The ON enable pin is controlled by external logic, such as MCU GPIO. nReset_OUT is the system reset signal, generated by a reset chip such as IMP811, and is affected by power supply stability. ExINT2 is an external interrupt input pin, which may be used for power failure alarms. In normal operating mode, both 12V power supplies are connected to the system simultaneously. The internal MOSFET of PS22965 is turned on, the ON pin is pulled high, and a low on-resistance (typically 16mΩ) path is output to supply power to various functional modules.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, with Figure 4 The circuit diagram shown is for an example of a QSFP28 module used as the core carrier of the Optical Array (OEO) unit. QSFP28 (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) is a high-speed, hot-pluggable optical module package standard. The QSFP28 module uses a 38-pin gold finger interface. The MODSELL pin receives the control signal for module selection (active low). The main control chip is used to select the hot-pluggable module. The LPMODE pin receives the control signal for low-power mode control; a high level on the LPMODE pin indicates normal operation, while a low level indicates power saving. The INTL pin is an interrupt output (active low) status monitoring pin, triggered when events such as LOS or temperature exceedance occur. The MODPRSL pin is a module presence detection status monitoring pin, active low, pulled low during insertion to notify the main control chip that the module has been installed. The signals from the QSFP28 module are connected to the main control chip (MCUSTM32F103VC) and the OEO regeneration circuit via PCB traces.

[0043] like Figure 4As shown, the operation flow of the optical amplification unit includes: at the receiving end of the optical input, 90% of the optical signal from the backup branch (e.g., 1310nm continuous wave or modulated light) is input from the RX class ports of the QSFP28 module (e.g., RX1P, RX1N, RX2P, PX2N, RX3P, PX3N, RX4P, PX4N pins); the PIN photodiode inside the QSFP28 module converts the optical signal into a weak current; the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) converts the current into a voltage signal, and then the signal undergoes amplitude normalization, jitter elimination, clock extraction, and data regeneration processing through a limiting amplifier (LA) and clock data recovery (CDR). This process achieves full-function regeneration of degraded optical signals, far superior to simple optical amplification. The regenerated electrical signal drives a DFB or EML laser inside the module; the laser remodulates the electrical signal into a high-quality optical carrier; the output wavelength is consistent with the input. At the optical output transmitter, the regenerated optical signal is output from a TX-type port (such as TX1N-TX4N, TX1P-TX4P pins, etc.); it is then fed into a secondary splitter unit and combined with the main branch (10% of the original signal) via an optical fiber coupler; the combined signal increases the total power and improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, combined with the attached... Figure 5 As shown, the MCU controls the QSFP28_x_ON signal via GPIO to drive the TPS22965 load switch to provide +3.3V power to the QSFP28; the MCU periodically reads the module's internal diagnostic data via I²C (SCL / SDA), including: input optical power (Rx Power), laser bias current, and temperature. If Rx Power < -25dBm is detected, an OEO input abnormality can be determined, triggering an alarm or switching logic.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, with Figure 5 Taking the circuit diagram shown as an example, the main control chip (MCU) is chip U1. The PA9 / USART1_TX and PA10 / USART1_RX pins are output after current limiting by R3 / R5=33Ω for RS485 communication. The A13 / SWDIO and PA14 / SWCLK pins are the debugging interface. The power supply mainly consists of an inductor L1, a ferrite bead FB1, and capacitors C9 and C10 forming a filter network. The ferrite bead FB1 is used to isolate digital or analog power supply noise, and the inductor L1 is used to suppress high-frequency noise. Capacitors C9 and C10 provide large-capacity energy storage. The reset circuit uses the IMP811TEUS-T chip. Figure 5 The chip in the middle is U2. When powered on, if +3.3V_3 is lower than the threshold (typically 2.93V), the IMP811TEUS-T chip outputs a low-level reset signal to ensure that the MCU starts only after the power supply is stable; pressing the preset physical button pulls the MR pin low, forcibly generating a reset pulse for restarting the device in the field.

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The system is a logarithmic amplifier circuit. The main control chip reads the voltage from the logarithmic amplifier circuit through the ADC pin to obtain the input optical power. It reads signals such as nExist and LOS through GPIO to determine whether the optical module is in place or unlocked. By reading the POW1_exist pin, it determines whether the dual power supply is normal. If the optical power of the primary optical link is <-28dBm (corresponding to an ADC value < threshold): a switching flag is set; OP_SW_DOWN=HIGH is output (driving the OLP switching circuit via the GPIO pin); a 20ms timer waits for the mechanical optical switch to complete its action; the backup link optical power is resampled to confirm successful switching. The main control chip and the OLP switching driver circuit work together, i.e., the main control chip outputs OP_SW_UP / DOWN signals to the OLP switching driver circuit through the GPIO pin to control the optical switch action. The main control chip and the logarithmic amplifier circuit interact through the ADC input analog voltage to obtain the quantized value of the optical power. The main control chip and the optical amplifier unit work together (controlling QSFP28_x_ON through GPIO) to enable or disable the optical amplifier unit. The main control chip works in conjunction with the gateway unit (the USART pin communicates with the gateway unit via RS485) to achieve communication. The network management unit is not shown in the figure.

[0046] Figure 6 In the process, the logarithmic amplifier circuit includes a high-precision logarithmic amplifier LOG114 and a Schottky barrier diode BAT54. The logarithmic amplifier circuit is used to convert the input optical power (dBm) into a linear voltage (V) for the MCU to determine the link status.

[0047] like Figure 7 The diagram shows the optical switch control and OLP switching drive circuit. Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q5 are P-channel MOSFETs, and D1, D2, D5, D7, and D12 are BAT54 Schottky diodes. The P-channel MOSFETs and Schottky diodes are the driving devices. The switch control transistors DD1, DD3, DD4, and DD6 are 2N7002 N-channel MOSFETs. The output nodes OP_SW_UP1 and OP_SW_DOWN1 pins control the optical switch's on / off state. The SW_VCC pin provides +5V, which is filtered and supplied to the optical switch coil. Figure 7The optical switch control and OLP switching drive circuit in the module are used to convert the low-voltage logic signal (3.3V) of the MCU into a +5V drive capability to control the switching direction of the mechanical 2×1 optical switch. Specifically, the principle of the OLP switching drive circuit for optical switch control includes: (taking the control branch of OP_SW_UP1 as an example), the MCU outputs a high level, making OP_SW_UP = HIGH ≈ 3.3V. 3.3V is applied to the gate of DD1 through R14 (4.7kΩ). Since the threshold voltage VGS(th) of 2N7002 is ≈ 1–2V, 3.3V is sufficient to fully turn it on. The drain of DD1 (i.e., the OP_SW_UP1 node) is strongly pulled to GND (≈0V). One end of the optical switch coil is connected to OP_SW_UP1 (0V), and the other end is connected to SW_VCC (+5V), forming a 5V voltage difference. When the coil is energized, it drives the robotic arm of the main or backup branch to move, such as switching to the "main" channel. At this time, the gate of Q1 is 0V, the source is +5V, and VGS=-5V. Theoretically, it should be turned on, but since its drain is also pulled low, it is actually in a saturated conduction state. However, since the conduction impedance of DD1 is lower, most of the current is provided by DD1, and the effect of Q1 is weak.

[0048] When the MCU outputs a low level, OP_SW_UP = LOW ≈ 0V, the DD1 gate is 0V, and it is turned off; the OP_SW_UP1 node is no longer pulled down; the optical switch coil has an internal pull-up or holding circuit (or is connected via an external pull-up resistor). Figure 7 (Not shown in the diagram), causing the OP_SW_UP1 potential to rise back to near +5V; the voltage difference across the coil disappears (≈0V), releasing the robotic arm, and the optical switch returns to its default position (such as the "standby" channel); Q1 is naturally cut off and does not participate in the operation because the gate ≈ source ≈ +5V and VGS ≈ 0.

[0049] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: Optical signal transmission and distribution avoids interference from external electromagnetic fields on electrical signals, ensuring signal and data integrity and solving the problems of susceptibility to interference and difficulty in guaranteeing signal integrity in electrical domain transmission. The optical signal is shaped, regenerated, and amplified by an optical amplification unit, compensating for power loss after splitting and ensuring that the power of all optical signals transmitted to the other end is within the power reception range of the receiving optical module. By adding a network management unit, real-time monitoring and control of each module of the device are achieved. Users can understand the device's operating status and control the device in a timely manner through the network management platform. The dual power supply unit improves the power supply reliability of the device, ensuring stable operation. Simultaneously, the use of a low insertion loss fiber optic interface further improves the transmission efficiency of optical signals, making the entire signal transmission and distribution equipment more complete and reliable, meeting various needs in practical applications.

[0050] In another embodiment, this application also discloses a signal transmission and distribution method, which is applied to a signal transmission and distribution device as described above. The signal transmission and distribution method specifically includes the following steps: S1: Receives at least two input optical signals.

[0051] S2: Select one of the at least two input optical signals as the working optical signal.

[0052] In this embodiment, the input optical signal refers to a continuous or bursty optical carrier signal carrying communication data transmitted to the device from an external optical fiber link. It typically operates within a wavelength window of 1310nm or 1550nm, and its rate can be a standard communication rate such as 1.25Gbps, 2.5Gbps, or 10Gbps. Selection refers to the act of determining a unique primary channel from multiple valid inputs based on a preset strategy. The core of this process lies in identifying and comparing the availability status of each input optical signal. The working optical signal is the main signal stream selected for subsequent distribution and processing.

[0053] Specifically, the device receives optical signals from different upstream nodes (e.g., backbone switch A and backup switch B) via two LC-type optical interfaces. After the system powers on, the optical power monitoring module collects the optical power values ​​of the two input ports in real time and transmits this information to the control unit. S3: Perform the first split on the working optical signal to generate the main branch optical signal and the backup branch optical signal.

[0054] In this embodiment, the control unit first determines whether each input optical signal meets the "valid signal" condition—for example, optical power higher than -28dBm and no continuous LOS (Loss of Signal) alarm. If only one signal is valid, that signal is automatically selected; if both signals are valid, the first signal is selected as the primary signal and the second signal as the hot standby signal by default. When the primary link experiences a sudden drop in optical power or an increase in bit error rate during operation, the control unit identifies the fault through a built-in threshold comparator and triggers the switching logic, completing a seamless switch to the backup link within 20ms to ensure uninterrupted service.

[0055] S4: The backup branch optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by photoelectric conversion. The electrical signal is then shaped and amplified before being converted back into an optical signal to form the amplified backup branch optical signal.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first split refers to the process of using a passive optical splitter to separate a single input optical signal into two independent outputs according to a predetermined ratio. The main branch optical signal is used directly into the subsequent merging stage, emphasizing low latency and low distortion; the backup branch optical signal is used as a redundancy enhancement signal after regeneration processing.

[0057] Specifically, the working optical signal enters a 1×2 fused biconical beam splitter with a splitting ratio set at 10%:90%. 10% of the optical power serves as the main branch optical signal, which is directly output through a low-loss fiber optic patch cord without any active processing. The remaining 90% of the optical power serves as the backup branch optical signal, which is input to an optical amplification unit for photoelectric conversion to obtain an electrical signal. This electrical signal undergoes clock data recovery, amplitude shaping, and low-noise amplification before being converted back into a regenerated optical signal, ensuring the transparency and high-speed characteristics of the main path.

[0058] Furthermore, the gain G of the low-noise amplification satisfies G=10. +Δ=10+Δ(dB), where Δ is the gain compensation margin and 0.5dB≤Δ≤2dB, to offset the insertion loss of 90% of the branches of the 1:2 beam splitter and the distribution loss of the 1:16 beam splitter.

[0059] S5: The amplified backup branch optical signal is split a second time to generate at least sixteen output optical signals.

[0060] In this embodiment, photoelectric conversion refers to using a PIN or APD photodetector to restore the optical signal to a current signal; shaping and amplification include limiting amplification and clock data recovery (CDR) to eliminate noise, jitter and reconstruct a clear digital waveform; and conversion back to an optical signal refers to using a laser to remodulate the regenerated electrical signal into an optical carrier.

[0061] Specifically, the second optical splitting unit includes 16 1-to-8 splitters. The signal transmission and distribution equipment used in this embodiment facilitates the replication and distribution of multiple data streams, enabling data transmission with one transmitter and multiple receivers; it supports real-time status information reporting and fault / abnormal status display, which is beneficial for equipment maintenance. It also has expandable output ports, internally integrating one PLC splitter (1-to-2), one PLC splitter (1-to-8), and one PLC splitter (1-to-16). The signal is first split into two paths by the 1-to-2 splitter, one of which is directly output, and the other is split into 16 paths by the 1-to-16 splitter. If these 16 optical signals are then split by 16 1-to-8 splitters, a total of 1 + 16 * 8 = 129 outputs can be achieved, preserving the expandable functionality of the equipment, which can be expanded to a maximum of 129 outputs. This solution selects two paths to connect to two 1-to-8 splitters, achieving a 1-input, 16-output function.

[0062] In one embodiment, in step S4, a signal transmission and distribution method further includes: S41: The backup branch optical signal is converted into an analog electrical signal by photoelectric conversion, and the analog electrical signal is then restored by clock data and shaped by amplitude to obtain a regenerated electrical signal.

[0063] In this embodiment, photoelectric conversion refers to using a photodiode (PIN or APD) to linearly convert the input optical signal power into a current signal, which is then converted into a voltage-form analog electrical signal by a transimpedance amplifier. Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) is a technique for extracting a synchronous clock and retiming data from a data stream without clock embedding, used to eliminate jitter accumulated during transmission. Amplitude shaping refers to adjusting the signal amplitude to a standard logic level range (e.g., 0–1 V) using a limiting amplifier or automatic gain control (AGC) circuit to eliminate amplitude distortion caused by optical power fluctuations.

[0064] Specifically, 90% of the backup branch optical signal is first input to a 10 GHz bandwidth InGaAs PIN photodetector, and the output current is converted into an analog voltage signal by a 50 Ω transimpedance amplifier. This signal is then fed into an integrated CDR chip, whose internal phase-locked loop (PLL) locks the data rate and resamples the data at the optimal sampling point (i.e., the center of the eye diagram), outputting a low-jitter digital signal. To further improve signal quality, this digital signal is then passed through a programmable limiting amplifier (such as the Analog Devices AD8367) to stabilize the peak-to-peak jitter within the range of 800 mV ± 50 mV, ultimately forming a regenerated electrical signal. The total jitter of the entire link is controlled to <30 ps RMS.

[0065] S42: Based on the peak-to-peak value and amplitude stability of the regeneration signal, the regeneration quality of the backup branch is analyzed to obtain the regeneration quality analysis results.

[0066] Specifically, step S42 includes: S421: Periodically sample the regenerated electrical signal, calculate the time offset between adjacent data eye centers, and obtain the jitter peak-to-peak value. ; Calculate the standard deviation of the amplitude of the regenerated electrical signal within a unit bit period. As an indicator of amplitude stability; based on the peak-to-peak value of jitter. and amplitude stability index Construct a regeneration quality scoring function.

[0067] In this embodiment, jitter peak-to-peak (PTOP) refers to the sum of the maximum positive and maximum negative deviations of the actual trigger time of the signal edge relative to the ideal clock position within the observation window, measured in picoseconds. Amplitude stability refers to the degree of amplitude fluctuation of the signal within a continuous bit period. This embodiment uses a 10 ns observation window and collects eye diagram data for 1000 consecutive bits for calculation. The regeneration quality analysis result is a comprehensive index used to determine whether the current regenerated signal meets the minimum quality requirements for subsequent optical modulation. If it does not meet the requirements, a parameter adjustment mechanism needs to be activated.

[0068] Regeneration quality score The function is: ,in The maximum jitter threshold allowed by the system. For reference amplitude, These are the weighting coefficients, and their sum is 1.

[0069] S422: When the regeneration quality score is less than the preset score threshold, the regeneration quality is determined to be unqualified, and the laser driver parameter adjustment process is triggered; the bias current increment and modulation current increment are calculated based on the deviation between the regeneration quality score and the target quality threshold; the updated bias current and the updated modulation current are sent to the optical emitting unit as optical power control parameters.

[0070] In this embodiment, a preset scoring threshold of 0.5 is used. The deviation value refers to the difference between the current quality score and the expected target value, used to drive closed-loop control; the bias current increment and modulation current increment are fine-tuning amounts applied to the laser driver circuit, affecting the laser's static operating point (determining the extinction ratio) and dynamic modulation depth (determining the output optical power), respectively. The deviation value ΔQ = -Target quality threshold, bias current increment and modulation current increment ,in This represents the gain coefficient, such as 2mA and 3mA respectively. The updated bias current is... The modulation current is .

[0071] S43: Based on the regeneration quality analysis results, dynamically adjust the bias current and modulation current of the laser driver, generate and send corresponding optical power control parameters to the optical emitting unit, so that the optical emitting unit adjusts the output optical power and extinction ratio of the regenerated optical signal according to the optical power control parameters, forming an amplified backup branch optical signal.

[0072] In this embodiment, the extinction ratio (ER) is defined as the ratio of the average optical power at logic "1" level to the average optical power at logic "0" level, expressed in dB, and is a key parameter for measuring the quality of digital optical signals. A higher extinction ratio (e.g., >9 dB) helps improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver. The power at the "0" level can be changed by adjusting the bias current, and the power at the "1" level can be changed by adjusting the modulation current.

[0073] Specifically, the optical emitting unit uses a DFB laser (center wavelength 1550 nm) with an initial extinction ratio of 8.2 dB and an average output optical power of +3 dBm. After receiving updated drive current parameters, the laser re-establishes steady state, with the measured extinction ratio increasing to 9.5 dB and the average optical power stabilizing at +3.1 dBm. This amplified backup branch optical signal is then input to a 1×16 planar optical waveguide (PLC) splitter to ensure that the output optical power of each channel is not less than −10 dBm, meeting the receiving sensitivity requirements of the remote partial discharge acquisition terminal. The entire regeneration-evaluation-adjustment cycle is less than 100 ms, achieving near real-time quality assurance.

[0074] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0076] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A signal transmission and distribution device, characterized in that, include: Optical input interface for receiving at least two input optical signals; An optical path selection unit, connected to the optical input interface, is used to select one working optical signal from the at least two input optical signals; The beam splitting unit, connected to the optical path selection unit, is used to perform a first beam split on the working optical signal to form a main branch optical signal and a backup branch optical signal. An optical amplification unit is connected to the output terminal of the backup branch optical signal and is used to perform photoelectric conversion, electrical signal shaping and amplification on the backup branch optical signal before converting it back into the backup branch optical signal for output. The secondary beam splitting unit is connected to the output end of the optical amplification unit and is used to split the amplified backup branch optical signal a second time to form at least sixteen output optical signals.

2. The signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beam splitting unit includes a cascaded 1:2 beam splitter and a 1:16 beam splitter. The 1:2 beam splitter has a non-uniform splitting structure with a splitting ratio of 10:90, wherein 10% of the output is directly output as the main branch optical signal, and 90% of the output is input to the optical amplification unit as the backup branch optical signal. The 1:16 beam splitter splits the 90% branch optical signal proportionally.

3. The signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a network management unit and a power supply unit. The network management unit is communicatively connected to the optical path selection unit, the optical amplification unit, and the power supply unit. The network management unit is used to collect the status information of each module and report it to the network management platform, and to receive control commands issued by the network management platform. The optical path selection unit includes a mechanical 2×1 optical switch and a control chip. The control chip is an STM32F103VC microcontroller, which is used to automatically or manually switch to the backup optical link according to the status of the primary optical link.

4. The signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical amplification unit includes an optical-to-electrical-optical conversion unit; the optical-to-electrical-optical unit includes an optical receiving sub-module, a limiting amplifier, a clock data recovery unit, and an optical transmitting sub-module, used to shape, regenerate, and amplify the optical signal to compensate for the power loss after beam splitting.

5. The signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The management function processing chip of the network management unit is AT91SAM9G20, and the storage chip is H57V2562GTR; the network management unit communicates with various functional modules of the device via RS485.

6. The signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary beam splitting unit includes a 1:8 beam splitter cascaded with the beam splitting unit, and the beam splitting unit and the secondary beam splitting unit as a whole can be expanded to 129 outputs.

7. The signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a dual power supply unit and an output optical interface. The dual power supply unit provides power to the optical path selection unit, the beam splitting unit, the optical amplification unit and the secondary beam splitting unit through a parallel circuit. Both the optical input interface and the optical output interface adopt LC type optical fiber interface, and the insertion loss of the optical fiber connector is less than 0.3dB.

8. A signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 6, characterized in that, This also includes power systems employing a dual-power backup architecture; where the failure rate of a single power supply is: ; If the task duration t equals 2340 hours, the single power supply reliability... The overall reliability of the power system consisting of the main power supply and the backup power supply connected in parallel is: Corresponding system failure rate .

9. A signal transmission and distribution device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the total failure rate of the equipment is as follows: ,in Let i be the number of the i-th type of functional unit. The failure rate of the i-th functional unit is given by . n is the number of functional unit types; the corresponding mean time between failures (MTBCF) = .

10. A signal transmission and distribution method, characterized in that, Applied to a signal transmission and distribution device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the method includes: Receive at least two input optical signals; Select one of the at least two input optical signals as the working optical signal; The working optical signal is split for the first time to generate the main branch optical signal and the backup branch optical signal; The backup branch optical signal is photoelectrically converted to an electrical signal, which is then shaped and amplified before being converted back into an optical signal to form the amplified backup branch optical signal. The amplified backup branch optical signal is split a second time to generate at least sixteen output optical signals.

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