Precision machining manufacturing process of high-precision refractor

Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractor, and relates to the technical field of lens manufacturing, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: S1, screening and preprocessing optical glass raw materials, selecting a base material according to a lens application scene, and performing defect detection, stress relief and rough blank cutting after the base material is selected; according to the manufacturing process for precision machining of the high-precision refractor, in the raw material pretreatment stage, 20 MHz ultrasonic detection and less than or equal to 5 MPa stress control are adopted, and the influence of base material defects is avoided from the source; in the machining process, a five-axis linkage machining path is combined with a regional machining mode of first outer circle and then curved surface, a diamond coating tool is matched, the rough machining contour deviation is controlled to be 50-100 microns, after accurate grinding, refining is conducted through 1000-2000-mesh gradient grinding materials, then ion beam polishing and fine trimming are conducted, and finally the key indexes such as surface shape precision and surface roughness far exceed the industrial standard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lens manufacturing technology, specifically to a precision machining process for high-precision refractive lenses. Background Technology

[0002] From an industry development perspective, there is a huge market demand for high-precision refractive lenses in sectors such as consumer electronics, automotive, and medical. In consumer electronics, with the widespread adoption of smartphones, tablets, and other devices, users have increasingly higher demands for image quality in their photography and video recording functions. High-precision refractive lenses can significantly improve the image quality of lenses, making photos and videos clearer and more detailed, satisfying consumers' pursuit of a high-quality visual experience. In the automotive industry, the rapid development of autonomous driving technology has made LiDAR a key component, and high-precision refractive lenses play an indispensable role in the optical system of LiDAR. They can precisely focus and guide the laser beam, improving the detection accuracy and range of LiDAR, providing reliable assurance for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. In the field of medical equipment, surgical microscopes, endoscopes, and other devices rely on high-precision refractive lenses to provide clear images, helping doctors to make more accurate diagnoses and surgical procedures, improving medical standards and treatment outcomes.

[0003] However, existing refractive lens technology has gradually revealed its limitations when faced with these high requirements. It is difficult to process complex aspherical shapes with high precision, and there are deviations between the shape of the lens surface and the design requirements, which cannot meet the needs of researchers to explore the microscopic and macroscopic worlds more deeply.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, we studied and improved the existing structure and its shortcomings, and proposed a precision machining manufacturing process for high-precision refractive lenses. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a precision machining process for high-precision refractive lenses, solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, Screening and Pretreatment of Optical Glass Raw Materials The substrate is selected according to the lens application scenario. After the substrate is selected, defect detection, stress relief and rough cutting are carried out. S2, Design document conversion and processing parameter calibration Import the CAD aspherical model into CAM software to generate a five-axis linkage machining path, and then pre-calibrate the superhard abrasive tool, magnetorheological polishing fluid and cutting parameters; S3, rough machining The shape is formed by five-axis linkage rough milling, followed by IPQC inspection and correction, that is, measurement by contact profilometer; S4, finely ground Superhard abrasives are subjected to gradient fine grinding. After the gradient fine grinding is completed, a laser interferometer is used for inspection to select out unqualified products. S5, Polished finish For magnetorheological polishing pretreatment, the parameters of the polishing slurry are adjusted to ensure accuracy. The polishing slurry is filtered using a magnetorheological polishing slurry filtration device every 8 hours to prevent impurities from scratching the surface. The surface quality is detected by an online roughness monitor. Then, ion beam polishing is performed for finishing and the cleanliness of the polished surface is tested. S6, Coating Stage Before coating, the film is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, then rinsed with isopropanol, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven. The water contact angle is then measured using a contact angle meter before the functional film is deposited. After coating, the film is annealed.

[0007] A precision machining process for a high-precision refractive lens further includes the following steps: S7, Ultimate Test After annealing, the surface accuracy, surface quality, optical performance, dimensional deviation and film quality are inspected. According to the assembly requirements, diamond grinding wheel is used to chamfer and remove burrs. The focal length, coating type and production date are marked by laser to mark the parameters and then group them. S8, Finished Product Packaging and Protection It uses anti-static foam and sealed moisture-proof bags. The outer packaging is a rigid cardboard box. The lens surface is covered with a protective film, placed in a custom foam groove, filled with desiccant, sealed in a moisture-proof bag, and then placed in a cardboard box with foam cushioning between layers.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, defect detection is performed using a 20MHz ultrasonic testing instrument, stress relief is performed using a constant temperature static environment, stress value detected by the stress meter is ≤5MPa, and rough blank cutting is performed using diamond wire cutting technology.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the concentration of diamond abrasive is selected according to the hardness of the glass: 50% concentration for soft glass and 75% concentration for hard glass. The magnetorheological polishing slurry and cutting parameters were pre-calibrated to have a base fluid viscosity of 20-30 mPa. s, magnetic particle size 1~5μm, solid content 30%±5%, rough milling speed 8000~10000r / min, feed rate 50~100μm / r, fine milling speed 15000~20000r / min, feed rate 5μm / time.

[0010] 5. The manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S3, the measurement standard of the contact profilometer is: surface profile deviation: ≤100μm, center deviation: ≤20μm, dimensional tolerance: diameter / thickness ±0.1mm.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, a segmented machining method of "outer circle first, then curved surface, edge first, then center" is adopted to avoid deformation caused by excessive single cutting amount; Tool selection: Diamond-coated end mill with a cutting edge radius of 0.1mm and tool runout ≤5μm; Precision control: the deviation of the curved surface profile from the design is 50~100μm, the surface roughness Ra≤1μm, and the diameter / thickness allowance is 0.5~1mm and 0.3~0.5mm. Cooling system: Oil mist cooling is used, with a cooling pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa and the nozzle distance from the processing surface is 10~15mm to avoid micro-cracks in the glass caused by high temperature.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, the first gradient uses 1000-grit abrasive to remove rough milling marks, the second gradient uses 1500-grit abrasive to refine the surface, and the third gradient uses 2000-grit abrasive to improve accuracy.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S5, the ion beam polishing parameters are: energy 50~100eV, beam current density 1~5mA / cm², and scanning speed 1~3mm / s.

[0014] A manufacturing apparatus for precision machining of high-precision refractive lenses is disclosed. This apparatus utilizes the aforementioned manufacturing process for precision machining of high-precision refractive lenses. The apparatus includes a magnetorheological polishing slurry filter and an auxiliary frame. A filter screen is fixedly installed inside the magnetorheological polishing slurry filter by bolts. A marking line is provided on one outer surface of the magnetorheological polishing slurry filter. A base is installed at the bottom of the magnetorheological polishing slurry filter, and an auxiliary connecting component is provided inside the base. The auxiliary component includes a first pipe, a connecting pipe, and a second pipe. One end of the second pipe is connected to the connecting pipe, and one end of the connecting pipe is connected to the first pipe. The auxiliary frame is connected to the end of the first pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, a second filter screen is fixedly installed inside the auxiliary frame by bolts. An adjustment assembly for auxiliary filtration is provided above the auxiliary frame. The adjustment assembly includes a piston plate, a connecting plate, a connecting rod, a hydraulic rod, a mounting plate, and a slide. A connecting rod is provided on one side of the piston plate, and a connecting plate is installed at the end of the connecting rod. A hydraulic rod is provided at the bottom of the connecting plate, and a mounting plate is installed at the bottom of the hydraulic rod. A slide is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate, and a lead screw is provided internally on the slide. A connecting handle is installed at the end of the lead screw.

[0016] This invention provides a precision machining process for high-precision refractive lenses, which has the following advantages: 1. The precision manufacturing process of this high-precision refractive lens employs 20MHz ultrasonic testing and ≤5MPa stress control during the raw material pretreatment stage to avoid the impact of substrate defects from the source. During processing, a five-axis linkage machining path combined with a "circular first, curved surface later" segmented machining method, along with diamond-coated tools, controls the rough machining contour deviation to 50~100μm. After fine grinding, it is refined with 1000-2000 grit graded abrasive and then polished with ion beam. The final surface accuracy, surface roughness, and other key indicators far exceed industry standards. At the same time, the magnetorheological polishing fluid is filtered through filter screen one and filter screen two with an 8-hour periodic filtration mechanism to effectively avoid impurities and scratches, ensuring that the lens surface quality Ra≤1μm, fully meeting the stringent requirements of high-end optical equipment for imaging clarity and light transmittance.

[0017] 2. The high-precision refractive lens employs a precision machining process, directly converting the CAD / CAM model to the machining path to reduce human intervention errors. Parameters such as superhard abrasive concentration and cutting speed are precisely matched to the glass hardness. Rough milling and fine grinding speeds are set in stages, improving processing efficiency while ensuring accuracy. A full-process quality control system with online IPQC and final inspection promptly removes defective products, reducing rework rates. At the device level, the magnetorheological polishing fluid filtration device uses a hydraulically driven piston plate for pressurized filtration, combined with a lead screw adjusting slide for positioning, achieving rapid circulation filtration. The design of fitting one, connecting pipe, fitting two, and filter screens one and two ensures filtration effectiveness and avoids production interruptions caused by polishing fluid replacement. An oil mist cooling system effectively prevents glass micro-cracks, further improving processing stability and facilitating efficient mass production.

[0018] 3. The precision manufacturing process of this high-precision refractive lens, with its comprehensive protective design from raw material processing to finished product packaging, significantly improves the lens's lifespan and application adaptability. Before coating, the lens undergoes ultrasonic cleaning with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, followed by rinsing with isopropanol. After vacuum drying, contact angle testing ensures coating adhesion. Annealing further enhances film stability. Final testing covers multiple dimensions, including surface accuracy, optical performance, and film quality. Chamfering, deburring, and laser marking facilitate assembly and traceability. Furthermore, the standardized calibration of process parameters and the universal design of the equipment allow it to be adapted to the processing of lenses of different hardness and size, enhancing the process's promotional value and application flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the manufacturing process for the precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process for the precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to the present invention from another perspective. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary component structure for the precision machining manufacturing process of a high-precision refractive lens according to the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Magnetorheological polishing fluid filtration device; 2. Auxiliary frame; 3. Filter screen one; 4. Filter screen two; 5. Marking line; 6. Adjustment component; 601. Piston plate; 602. Connecting plate; 603. Connecting rod; 604. Hydraulic rod; 605. Mounting plate; 606. Slide seat; 7. Base; 8. Connecting handle; 9. Lead screw; 10. Auxiliary component; 1001. Fitting one; 1002. Connecting pipe; 1003. Fitting two. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0022] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens, comprising the following steps: S1, Screening and Pretreatment of Optical Glass Raw Materials The substrate is selected according to the lens application scenario. After the substrate is selected, defect detection, stress relief and rough blank cutting are carried out. In step S1, defect detection is carried out using a 20MHz ultrasonic detector, stress relief is carried out using a constant temperature static environment, the stress value detected by the stress meter is ≤5MPa, and rough blank cutting is carried out using diamond wire cutting technology. S2, Design document conversion and processing parameter calibration Import the CAD aspherical model into the CAM software to generate a five-axis linkage machining path. Then, pre-calibrate the superhard abrasive tool, magnetorheological polishing fluid, and cutting parameters. In step S2, the concentration of diamond abrasive is selected according to the hardness of the glass. 50% concentration is used for soft glass and 75% concentration is used for hard glass. The magnetorheological polishing slurry and cutting parameters were pre-calibrated to have a base fluid viscosity of 20-30 mPa. s, magnetic particle size 1~5μm, solid content 30%±5%, rough milling speed 8000~10000r / min, feed rate 50~100μm / r, fine milling speed 15000~20000r / min, feed rate 5μm / time; S3, rough machining The surface is formed by five-axis linkage rough milling, and then IPQC inspection and correction are carried out. That is, the measurement is performed by a contact profilometer. In S3, the measurement standard of the contact profilometer is: surface profile deviation: ≤100μm, center deviation: ≤20μm, dimensional tolerance: diameter / thickness ±0.1mm. In step S3, the "outer circle first, then surface, edge first, then center" regional machining method is adopted to avoid deformation caused by excessive single cutting amount. Tool selection: Diamond-coated end mill with a cutting edge radius of 0.1mm and tool runout ≤5μm; Precision control: the deviation of the curved surface profile from the design is 50~100μm, the surface roughness Ra≤1μm, and the diameter / thickness allowance is 0.5~1mm and 0.3~0.5mm. Cooling system: Oil mist cooling is used, with a cooling pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa and the nozzle distance from the processing surface is 10~15mm to avoid micro-cracks in the glass caused by high temperature; S4, finely ground The superhard abrasive is subjected to gradient fine grinding. After the gradient fine grinding is completed, a laser interferometer is used for inspection to select the unqualified parts. In step S3, the "outer circle first, then curved surface, edge first, then center" regional processing method is adopted to avoid deformation caused by excessive single cutting amount. Tool selection: Diamond-coated end mill with a cutting edge radius of 0.1mm and tool runout ≤5μm; Precision control: the deviation of the curved surface profile from the design is 50~100μm, the surface roughness Ra≤1μm, and the diameter / thickness allowance is 0.5~1mm and 0.3~0.5mm. Cooling system: Oil mist cooling is used, with a cooling pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa and the nozzle distance from the machining surface is 10~15mm to avoid micro-cracks in the glass caused by high temperature. In step S4, the first gradient uses 1000-grit abrasive to remove rough milling marks, the second gradient uses 1500-grit abrasive to refine the surface, and the third gradient uses 2000-grit abrasive to improve accuracy. S5, Polished finish For magnetorheological polishing pretreatment, the parameters of the polishing slurry are adjusted to ensure accuracy. The polishing slurry is filtered every 8 hours using a magnetorheological polishing slurry filter to prevent impurities from scratching the surface. The surface quality is detected by an online roughness monitor. Then, ion beam polishing is performed for finishing and the cleanliness is detected after polishing. In step S5, the ion beam polishing parameters are energy 50~100eV, beam current density 1~5mA / cm², and scanning speed 1~3mm / s. S6, Coating Stage Before coating, the film is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, then rinsed with isopropanol, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven. The water contact angle is then measured using a contact angle meter before the functional film is deposited. After coating, the film is annealed.

[0023] A precision machining process for a high-precision refractive lens further includes the following steps: S7, Ultimate Test After annealing, the surface accuracy, surface quality, optical performance, dimensional deviation and film quality are inspected. According to the assembly requirements, diamond grinding wheel is used to chamfer and remove burrs. The focal length, coating type and production date are marked by laser to mark the parameters and then group them. S8, Finished Product Packaging and Protection It uses anti-static foam and sealed moisture-proof bags. The outer packaging is a rigid cardboard box. The lens surface is covered with a protective film, placed in a custom foam groove, filled with desiccant, sealed in a moisture-proof bag, and then placed in a cardboard box with foam cushioning between layers.

[0024] like Figures 1-3As shown, a precision manufacturing apparatus for high-precision refractive lenses includes a magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1, an auxiliary frame 2, a filter screen 3, a marking line 5, an adjustment assembly 6, a piston plate 601, a connecting plate 602, a connecting rod 603, a hydraulic rod 604, a mounting plate 605, a slide 606, a base 7, a connecting handle 8, a lead screw 9, an auxiliary assembly 10, a first fitting 1001, a connecting pipe 1002, and a second fitting 1003. The filter screen is fixedly installed inside the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1 by bolts. 1. A marking line 5 is provided on one outer surface of the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1. A base 7 is installed at the bottom of the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1, and an auxiliary component 10 for auxiliary communication is provided inside the base 7. The auxiliary component 10 includes a first fitting 1001, a connecting pipe 1002, and a second fitting 1003. One end of the second fitting 1003 is connected to the connecting pipe 1002, and one end of the connecting pipe 1002 is connected to the first fitting 1001. An auxiliary frame 2 is connected to the end of the first fitting 1001. The magnetorheological polishing fluid filtration device 1 contains magnetorheological polishing fluid. When filtering the magnetorheological polishing fluid after 8 hours of use, the operator can rotate the lead screw 9 by holding the connecting handle 6. The rotation of the lead screw 9 causes the slide 606 to slide horizontally within the base 7, so that the pointer on the surface of the slide 606 coincides with the marking line 5. Thus, the design of the hydraulic rod 604 can drive the piston plate 601, the connecting plate 602, and the connecting rod 603 to move downwards. As the piston plate 601 moves downwards along the magnetorheological polishing fluid, the magnetorheological polishing fluid is further adjusted. The downward movement of the interior of the optical fluid filtration device 1 allows the magnetorheological polishing fluid in the magnetorheological polishing fluid filtration device 1 to be filtered through the filter screen 3 and transported to the pipe 1001, the connecting pipe 1002 and the pipe 2 1003. Through the design of the three pipes 1001, 1002 and 1003, the magnetorheological polishing fluid enters the interior of the auxiliary frame 2 after preliminary filtration, and can be filtered again by the filter screen 4. This facilitates the cyclic filtration process and prevents the magnetorheological polishing fluid from carrying impurities.

[0025] In summary, as Figures 1-3 As shown, the precision manufacturing process of this high-precision refractive lens involves several steps. First, a suitable optical glass substrate is selected based on the lens's application scenario. A 20MHz ultrasonic detector is used to inspect the substrate for internal cracks, impurities, and other defects to ensure raw material purity. Then, the substrate is placed in a constant-temperature static environment for stress relief. A stress meter is used to monitor and control the stress value to ≤5MPa to prevent deformation during subsequent processing due to stress release. After rough cutting of the blank using diamond wire cutting technology, the aspherical model designed in CAD is imported into CAM software to generate a five-axis linkage machining path suitable for the lens surface. Simultaneously, the concentration of the superhard abrasive tool is calibrated according to the glass hardness: 50% for soft glass and 75% for hard glass. The magnetorheological polishing slurry parameters are preset: base fluid viscosity 20~30mPa. The parameters, such as magnetic particle size of 1~5μm, solid content of 30%±5%, and cutting parameters (rough milling speed of 8000~10000r / min, fine grinding speed of 15000~20000r / min), provide precise parameter support for subsequent processing, ensuring processing consistency from the source. The processing stage adopts a gradient progression mode of roughing-fine grinding-polishing to gradually improve the lens accuracy and surface quality. In the roughing stage, a five-axis linkage equipment is used to carry out the "outer circle first, then curved surface, edge first, then center" segmented processing method. A diamond-coated end mill with a cutting edge radius of 0.1mm and runout ≤5μm is used for rough milling. The oil mist cooling system has a pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa and a nozzle distance of 10~15mm for real-time cooling to avoid micro-cracks in the glass caused by high temperature. At the same time, IPQC inspection is carried out by a contact profilometer to strictly control the surface profile deviation ≤100μm and the center deviation ≤20μm, and leave a machining allowance of 0.5~1mm in diameter and 0.3~0.5mm in thickness.In the fine grinding stage, graded superhard abrasives of 1000 grit, 1500 grit, and 2000 grit are used to remove rough milling marks, refine the surface, and improve precision. A laser interferometer detects and rejects defective products in real time. In the polishing stage, magnetorheological polishing is performed first, using the magnetically controlled flow of the magnetorheological polishing fluid to initially polish the lens surface. The magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1 contains the magnetorheological polishing fluid. When the magnetorheological polishing fluid is filtered after 8 hours of use, the operator can rotate the lead screw 9 by holding the connecting handle 6. The rotation of the lead screw 9 causes the slide 606 to slide horizontally within the base 7, allowing the slide to... When the pointer on the surface of seat 606 coincides with the marking line 5, the design of hydraulic rod 604 allows the piston plate 601, connecting plate 602, and connecting rod 603 to move downwards. As the piston plate 601 moves downwards within the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1, the magnetorheological polishing fluid located in the filter device 1 is filtered through filter screen 3 and transported to fitting 1001, connecting pipe 1002, and fitting 1003. Through the design of fitting 1001, connecting pipe 1002, and fitting 1003, the magnetorheological polishing fluid, after initial filtration, enters the interior of auxiliary frame 2, where it can be further filtered using filter screen 4. Filtration facilitates circulating filtration, preventing impurities from being carried by the magnetorheological polishing solution. Further refinement is achieved through ion beam polishing at 50-100 eV energy, beam current density of 1-5 mA / cm², and scanning speed of 1-3 mm / s. An online roughness monitor controls surface quality in real-time, ultimately achieving a high-precision surface with Ra≤1μm. Before coating, the lens undergoes multi-step cleaning: anhydrous ethanol ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning to remove residual impurities, and isopropanol rinsing to improve surface cleanliness. After vacuum drying, the water contact angle is measured using a contact angle meter. Functional film deposition is then performed, followed by annealing to enhance film stability. Qualitative and durability testing is conducted in the final inspection stage, comprehensively checking surface accuracy, surface quality, optical performance, dimensional deviations, and coating quality. Burrs are removed by chamfering with a diamond grinding wheel, and key parameters such as focal length and coating type are marked with laser for easy traceability and assembly. Lenses are grouped and categorized according to the test results. Protective films are applied to the lens surface to prevent scratches. They are placed in custom foam grooves to fix their position, filled with desiccant to control humidity, and sealed with moisture-proof bags to prevent moisture. The outer hard cardboard box is combined with spacer foam to cushion collisions. At the same time, the anti-static design prevents electrostatic damage, ensuring that the product maintains stable performance during transportation and storage. The final product delivered meets the requirements of high-precision optical applications.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A precision manufacturing process for a high-precision refractive lens, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, Screening and Pretreatment of Optical Glass Raw Materials The substrate is selected according to the lens application scenario. After the substrate is selected, defect detection, stress relief and rough cutting are carried out. S2, Design document conversion and processing parameter calibration Import the CAD aspherical model into CAM software to generate a five-axis linkage machining path, and then pre-calibrate the superhard abrasive tool, magnetorheological polishing fluid and cutting parameters; S3, rough machining The shape is formed by five-axis linkage rough milling, followed by IPQC inspection and correction, that is, measurement by contact profilometer; S4, finely ground Superhard abrasives are subjected to gradient fine grinding. After the gradient fine grinding is completed, a laser interferometer is used for inspection to select out unqualified products. S5, Polished finish For magnetorheological polishing pretreatment, the parameters of the polishing slurry are adjusted to ensure accuracy. The polishing slurry is filtered using a magnetorheological polishing slurry filtration device every 8 hours to prevent impurities from scratching the surface. The surface quality is detected by an online roughness monitor. Then, ion beam polishing is performed for finishing and the cleanliness of the polished surface is tested. S6, Coating Stage Before coating, the film is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, then rinsed with isopropanol, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven. The water contact angle is then measured using a contact angle meter before the functional film is deposited. After coating, the film is annealed.

2. A precision machining process for a high-precision refractive lens, characterized in that: It also includes the following steps: S7, Ultimate Test After annealing, the surface accuracy, surface quality, optical performance, dimensional deviation and film quality are inspected. According to the assembly requirements, diamond grinding wheel is used to chamfer and remove burrs. The focal length, coating type and production date are marked by laser to mark the parameters and then group them. S8, Finished Product Packaging and Protection It uses anti-static foam and sealed moisture-proof bags. The outer packaging is a rigid cardboard box. The lens surface is covered with a protective film, placed in a custom foam groove, filled with desiccant, sealed with a moisture-proof bag, and placed in the cardboard box, with foam cushioning between layers.

3. The manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, defect detection is performed using a 20MHz ultrasonic detector, stress relief is performed in a constant temperature static environment, stress value is measured by a stress meter to be ≤5MPa, and rough blank cutting is performed using diamond wire cutting technology.

4. The manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the concentration of diamond abrasive is selected according to the hardness of the glass: 50% concentration for soft glass and 75% concentration for hard glass. The magnetorheological polishing slurry and cutting parameters were pre-calibrated to have a base fluid viscosity of 20~30 mPa. s, magnetic particle size 1~5μm, solid content 30%±5%, rough milling speed 8000~10000r / min, feed rate 50~100μm / r, fine milling speed 15000~20000r / min, feed rate 5μm / time.

5. The manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S3, the measurement standards for the contact profilometer are: surface profile deviation: ≤100μm, center deviation: ≤20μm, and dimensional tolerance: diameter / thickness ±0.1mm.

6. The manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, a segmented machining method of "outer circle first, then curved surface, edge first, then center" is adopted to avoid deformation caused by excessive single cutting amount; Tool selection: Diamond-coated end mill with a cutting edge radius of 0.1mm and tool runout ≤5μm; Precision control: the deviation of the curved surface profile from the design is 50~100μm, the surface roughness Ra≤1μm, and the diameter / thickness allowance is 0.5~1mm and 0.3~0.5mm. Cooling system: Oil mist cooling is used, with a cooling pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa and the nozzle distance from the processing surface is 10~15mm to avoid micro-cracks in the glass caused by high temperature.

7. The manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the first gradient uses 1000-grit abrasive to remove rough milling marks, the second gradient uses 1500-grit abrasive to refine the surface, and the third gradient uses 2000-grit abrasive to improve accuracy.

8. The manufacturing process for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the ion beam polishing parameters are: energy 50~100eV, beam current density 1~5mA / cm², and scanning speed 1~3mm / s.

9. A manufacturing apparatus for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens, characterized in that, The manufacturing apparatus for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens uses the precision machining manufacturing process of a high-precision refractive lens as described in claim 8. The manufacturing apparatus for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens includes a magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device (1) and an auxiliary frame (2). A filter screen (3) is fixedly installed inside the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device (1) by bolts. A marking line (5) is provided on one outer surface of the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device (1). A base (7) is installed at the bottom of the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device (1). An auxiliary component (10) for auxiliary communication is provided inside the base (7). The auxiliary component (10) includes a first pipe (1001), a connecting pipe (1002), and a second pipe (1003). One end of the second pipe (1003) is connected to the connecting pipe (1002). One end of the connecting pipe (1002) is connected to the first pipe (1001). The auxiliary frame (2) is connected to the end of the first pipe (1001).

10. The manufacturing apparatus for precision machining of a high-precision refractive lens according to claim 9, characterized in that: The auxiliary frame (2) is fixedly installed with a filter screen (4) by bolts. An adjustment component (6) for auxiliary filtration is provided above the auxiliary frame (2). The adjustment component (6) includes a piston plate (601), a connecting plate (602), a connecting rod (603), a hydraulic rod (604), a mounting plate (605), and a slide (606). A connecting rod (603) is provided on one side of the piston plate (601), and a connecting plate (602) is installed at the end of the connecting rod (603). A hydraulic rod (604) is provided at the bottom of the connecting plate (602), and a mounting plate (605) is installed at the bottom of the hydraulic rod (604). A slide (606) is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate (605), and a screw rod (9) is provided inside the slide (606). A connecting handle (8) is installed at the end of the screw rod (9).

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