Surveying device and method for coal mine geological exploration

Abstract

The invention discloses an exploration device and method for coal mine geological prospecting, and the device comprises a bottom plate, a through hole is formed in the center of the bottom plate, a dust cover is embedded in the through hole, a cover plate is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the dust cover, and the two ends of the cover plate are connected with the bottom plate through limiting columns. The limiting column is sleeved with a limiting spring, and an exploration hole is formed in the center of the cover plate. A support assembly is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, a third air cylinder is arranged at the top end of the support assembly, the telescopic end of the third air cylinder penetrates through the top end of the support assembly to be connected with a cross beam, the two ends of the cross beam are in sliding connection with the support assembly, and a sampling mechanism and a quick change assembly are arranged on the lower face of the cross beam. According to the exploration device and method for coal mine geological exploration, dust pollution in the exploration process can be reduced, efficient switching of the drill bits is achieved through the quick-change assembly, operation convenience is high, and the efficient, safe and accurate requirements of coal mine geological exploration are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine geological exploration technology, and in particular to a surveying device and method for coal mine geological exploration. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of coal mine resource development, geological exploration is a crucial link in ensuring production safety and efficient resource utilization. Its core lies in accurately obtaining underground rock and soil samples to analyze coal seam distribution, geological structure, and potential disaster hazards. Currently, coal mine geological exploration largely relies on traditional drilling equipment to detect strata through surface boreholes, but existing technologies have many limitations in practical applications. Traditional drilling equipment typically employs a single-action, single-tube structure, with drilling and sampling processes operating independently. This necessitates manual replacement of sampling tools after drilling is completed, which not only prolongs the exploration cycle but also affects sample representativeness due to positioning deviations caused by process switching, making it difficult to meet the demands of efficient exploration. Furthermore, drilling operations generate significant amounts of dust and flying debris, polluting the working environment, endangering operator health, and potentially posing safety risks due to dust dispersion. Dust control is a particularly prominent challenge in enclosed or semi-enclosed mining environments. Furthermore, the existing drill bit replacement mechanism is complex, often requiring manual disassembly and installation with the aid of auxiliary tools. This operation is cumbersome and time-consuming, and the inefficiency becomes even more pronounced when frequent changes of different drill bit specifications are needed for deep exploration. The overall structural stability of the device is insufficient; vibrations during drilling can easily cause the machine to shift, affecting borehole verticality and sample collection accuracy, increasing the risk of errors in subsequent data analysis. Therefore, developing a surveying device that enables integrated drilling and sampling, possesses efficient dust protection, and supports rapid drill bit replacement has become an urgent need to improve the efficiency and safety of coal mine geological exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a surveying device and method for coal mine geological exploration, so as to solve the problems of the inability to achieve integrated drilling and sampling, and serious dust and fly rock pollution in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a surveying device for coal mine geological exploration, comprising a base plate, a through hole at the center of the base plate, a dust cover embedded in the through hole, a cover plate fixedly mounted on the upper end of the dust cover, the two ends of the cover plate being connected to the base plate via limiting posts, a limiting spring being sleeved on the limiting posts, and an exploration hole at the center of the cover plate; a support assembly fixedly mounted on the base plate, a third cylinder mounted on the top of the support assembly, the telescopic end of the third cylinder penetrating through the top of the support assembly and connected to a crossbeam, the two ends of the crossbeam being slidably connected to the support assembly, and a sampling mechanism and a quick-change assembly mounted below the crossbeam.

[0005] Preferably, the support assembly includes a first support column, a second support column, a third support column, and a fourth support column with identical structures and vertically arranged on the base plate. The first support column is fixedly connected to the third support column via a first horizontal support rod, and the second support column is fixedly connected to the fourth support column via a second horizontal support rod.

[0006] Preferably, the sampling mechanism includes a motor, a soil-breaking drill bit, and a soil-taking drill bit. The drill rod of the soil-breaking drill bit is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor. The top end of the motor is fixedly connected to the crossbeam. The two ends of the crossbeam are slidably connected to the first support column and the third support column respectively through sliding rings. The soil-breaking drill bit corresponds to the position of the exploration hole.

[0007] Preferably, the quick-change assembly includes a first quick-change mechanism and a second quick-change mechanism that are structurally identical and symmetrically arranged, wherein the first quick-change mechanism is disposed on the second support column and the second quick-change mechanism is disposed on the fourth support column; The first quick-change mechanism includes a first back plate and a first cylinder disposed on the lower end face of the first back plate. One end of the first back plate is fixedly connected to the second support column, and a U-shaped block is fixedly disposed on the telescopic end of the first cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, a limiting hole is provided at the arc center of the U-shaped block, and a limiting groove is provided in the limiting hole. A limiting ring is provided on the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit and the drill rod of the soil breaking drill bit. A limiting rib corresponding to the limiting groove is provided around the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit and the drill rod of the soil breaking drill bit.

[0009] Preferably, the first horizontal support rod and the second horizontal support rod are cross-connected by a circular fixing plate, the telescopic end of the third cylinder passes through the fixing plate and is fixedly connected to the crossbeam, and the included angle between the first horizontal support rod and the second horizontal support rod is 90 degrees.

[0010] Preferably, the upper end face of the cover plate is symmetrically provided with a first push column and a second push column with the same structure, and the lower end face of the crossbeam is symmetrically provided with a third push column and a fourth push column with the same structure. The position of the first push column corresponds to the position of the third push column, and the position of the second push column corresponds to the position of the fourth push column.

[0011] Preferably, a compression spring is provided at the bottom of the third push column, and a first compression block is provided at the other end of the compression spring. A second compression block is provided on the second push column via a connecting rod, and the first compression block and the second compression block have the same structure.

[0012] Preferably, a control switch is provided at one end of the second horizontal support rod, and the control switch is electrically connected to the motor, the first quick-change mechanism, the second quick-change mechanism and the third cylinder. Wheels are provided at the four corners of the base plate and a handrail is provided on one side of the base plate.

[0013] The present invention also provides a surveying method for a surveying device used in coal mine geological exploration, comprising the following steps: S1. Move the device to the exploration area and initially position it using the handrail. Check the electrical connection between the control switch and the motor, quick-change mechanism, and cylinder. Confirm that the cover plate and dust cover are functioning normally. S2. The control switch controls the extension end of the third cylinder to extend, causing the crossbeam to slide downwards and the soil-breaking drill bit to approach the exploration hole. The first extrusion block connected to the crossbeam moves downwards synchronously until the first extrusion block and the second extrusion block press against each other, pushing the cover plate and dust cover downwards. When the extrusion spring reaches its maximum deformation, the third cylinder stops working. S3. The control switch starts the motor to drive the soil breaking drill bit to rotate. The third cylinder is started again to make the soil breaking drill bit descend along the exploration hole to the preset depth to start breaking the soil. The dust cover is used to prevent dust. S4. After breaking the soil, the control switch controls the motor to unscrew the drill rod of the breaking drill bit. At the same time, the first quick-change mechanism is activated to replace the breaking drill bit. Simultaneously, the second quick-change mechanism is activated to push the soil sampling drill bit to the position corresponding to the exploration hole. The control switch controls the motor to unscrew the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to start soil sampling. After completion, the crossbeam is raised to take soil samples. If a second drill replacement is required, the quick-change process is repeated. S5. The control switch resets all components, returning the device to its initial state. It collects soil samples and records the device's operating parameters and soil sample information for geological analysis. The operating parameters include drill bit speed, cylinder stroke, and motor running time. The soil sample information includes sampling depth, color, and texture.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned surveying device and method for coal mine geological exploration, and the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The present invention forms a closed dustproof space during the exploration process through the synergistic effect of dust cover, cover plate and limiting spring. Combined with the extrusion block extrusion sealing design, it can effectively block the spread of dust generated by soil breaking and soil extraction operations, reduce the harm to the health of operators and the pollution of the mining area environment, and avoid the safety risks caused by dust. (2) By using the limiting structure of the quick-change component and the detachable connection design of the motor, the present invention can realize the quick switching between the soil breaking drill bit and the soil sampling drill bit without the need for manual disassembly and installation, thus reducing the process switching time; and the drilling and sampling share the same exploration hole positioning, avoiding deviations caused by repeated alignment, ensuring the representativeness of the sample while significantly shortening the exploration cycle. (3) The device of the present invention achieves integrated control of motor and cylinder through control switch, with a high degree of automation. The symmetrical structure of the support assembly and the guiding effect of the sliding ring ensure the verticality of the drill bit movement. Combined with the movement design of the wheel and handrail, the device can flexibly adapt to the complex terrain of coal mine and improve the stability and accuracy of exploration operations. The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a coal mine geological exploration surveying device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a coal mine geological exploration device according to the present invention from another perspective; Figure 3 This is a front view of an embodiment of a coal mine geological exploration surveying device according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of an embodiment of a surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view after removing the support assembly of an embodiment of a coal mine geological exploration device according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the soil sampling drill bit structure of an embodiment of a coal mine geological exploration survey device according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is an overall flowchart of the exploration method of a surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure Labels 1. Base plate; 2. Dust cover; 3. Cover plate; 4. Exploration hole; 5. Limiting spring; 6. First support column; 7. Second support column; 8. Third support column; 9. Fourth support column; 10. First horizontal support rod; 11. Second horizontal support rod; 12. Fixed plate; 13. Third cylinder; 14. Crossbeam; 15. Sliding ring; 16. Motor; 17. Soil-breaking drill bit; 18. Soil-taking drill bit; 19. First back plate; 20. First cylinder; 21. U-shaped block; 22. Limiting hole; 23. Limiting ring; 24. Limiting rib; 25. First pushing column; 26. Second pushing column; 27. Third pushing column; 28. Fourth pushing column; 29. ​​Compression spring; 30. First compression block; 31. Second compression block; 32. Connecting rod; 33. Control switch; 34. Wheel; 35. Handrail. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0019] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a surveying device for coal mine geological exploration includes a base plate 1, which is made of high-strength alloy steel and can withstand the enormous impact and pressure generated during the exploration process. A through hole is provided at the center of the base plate 1, and a dust cover 2 is embedded within the through hole. The dust cover 2 is made of wear-resistant and elastic rubber material, which reduces dust pollution to the surrounding environment and equipment while absorbing vibrations generated during the exploration process to a certain extent.

[0020] A cover plate 3 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the dust cover 2. The cover plate 3 is made of lightweight alloy material, which reduces the weight of the cover plate 3 while ensuring strength, and facilitates the up-and-down sliding of the cover plate 3. The cover plate 3 completely covers the upper end of the dust cover 2, further enhancing the dustproof effect. The cover plate 3 can also be treated with anti-corrosion to effectively resist corrosive substances and friction damage in the coal mine exploration environment, extending its service life. An exploration hole 4 is opened at the center of the cover plate 3, and the central axis of the exploration hole 4 coincides with the central axis of the through hole and the dust cover 2, ensuring that the drill bit can smoothly pass through the cover plate 3 to enter the underground for exploration operations.

[0021] The cover plate 3 is connected to the base plate 1 at both ends by limiting posts. The limiting posts are made of high-strength stainless steel, which can ensure that the limiting posts work stably for a long time in the humid and dusty coal mine environment. The lower end of the limiting post is connected to the base plate 1 by welding, and the upper end of the limiting post passes through the corresponding hole opened on the cover plate 3, so that the cover plate 3 can slide freely up and down along the limiting post, while ensuring that the cover plate 3 will not deviate too much in the horizontal direction.

[0022] A limiting spring 5 is fitted on the limiting column, and a bracket assembly is fixedly installed on the base plate 1. The bracket assembly includes a first support column 6, a second support column 7, a third support column 8, and a fourth support column 9, which are structurally identical and vertically installed on the base plate 1. These support columns are all made of high-strength alloy steel and are fixedly connected to the base plate 1 by welding.

[0023] The first support column 6 is fixedly connected to the third support column 8 via the first horizontal support rod 10, and the second support column 7 is fixedly connected to the fourth support column 9 via the second horizontal support rod 11. The horizontal support rods are also made of high-strength alloy steel and are connected to the support columns by bolts, which facilitates installation and disassembly and ensures the strength of the connection.

[0024] The first horizontal support rod 10 and the second horizontal support rod 11 are cross-connected by a circular fixing plate 12. The included angle between the first horizontal support rod 10 and the second horizontal support rod 11 is 90 degrees. The overall structure of the device is stable and provides reliable support for the operation of the entire device.

[0025] A third cylinder 13 is installed at the top of the support assembly. This high-precision pneumatic cylinder features smooth operation, high thrust, and fast response, enabling precise control of the lifting and lowering of the crossbeam 14. The telescopic end of the third cylinder 13 passes through the top of the support assembly and connects to the crossbeam 14. Both ends of the crossbeam 14 are slidably connected to the support assembly. Specifically, the telescopic end of the third cylinder 13 passes through the fixed plate 12 and is fixedly connected to the crossbeam 14. Both ends of the crossbeam 14 are slidably connected to the first support column 6 and the third support column 8 via sliding rings 15. The sliding rings 15 are made of wear-resistant cast iron, with an inner diameter 1-2 mm larger than the diameter of the support columns, and their inner walls are lubricated, allowing the crossbeam 14 to slide smoothly up and down along the support columns, ensuring the verticality and stability of the drill bit's movement.

[0026] A sampling mechanism and quick-change assembly are provided below the crossbeam 14. The sampling mechanism includes a motor 16, a soil-breaking drill bit 17, and a soil-taking drill bit 18. The drill rod of the soil-breaking drill bit 17 is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor 16, such as by a threaded connection, to facilitate the installation and replacement of the drill bit. The top of the motor 16 is fixedly connected to the crossbeam 14, and the soil-breaking drill bit 17 corresponds to the position of the exploration hole 4 to ensure that the soil-breaking operation can be carried out accurately.

[0027] The quick-change assembly includes a first quick-change mechanism and a second quick-change mechanism that are structurally identical and symmetrically arranged. The first quick-change mechanism is mounted on the second support column 7, and the second quick-change mechanism is mounted on the fourth support column 9. The first quick-change mechanism includes a first back plate 19 and a first cylinder 20 disposed on the lower end face of the first back plate 19. The first back plate 19 is made of steel plate, and one end of it is fixedly connected to the second support column 7 by bolts, providing a secure connection and facilitating position adjustment. The first cylinder 20 is a high-precision pneumatic cylinder of the same type as the third cylinder 13, and its telescopic end is fixedly equipped with a U-shaped block 21. The U-shaped block 21 is made of cast steel, which has high strength and wear resistance.

[0028] A limiting hole 22 is provided at the arc center of the U-shaped block 21, and a limiting groove is provided inside the limiting hole 22. A limiting ring 23 is fitted on the drill rod of both the soil sampling drill bit 18 and the soil breaking drill bit 17. The limiting ring 23 is made of alloy steel and is fixedly connected to the drill rod by welding. Furthermore, the drill rod of both the soil sampling drill bit 18 and the soil breaking drill bit 17 is surrounded by limiting ribs 24 that correspond one-to-one with the limiting grooves. The limiting ribs 24 are integrally formed with the drill rod and have high strength. Through the cooperation of the limiting hole 22, the limiting groove, the limiting ring 23 and the limiting rib 24, the drill bit can be quickly replaced and securely connected, ensuring that the drill bit will not undergo axial or radial displacement during operation.

[0029] The upper end face of the cover plate 3 is symmetrically provided with a first pushing column 25 and a second pushing column 26 of identical structure. The pushing columns are made of round steel and are fixedly connected to the cover plate 3 by welding. The lower end face of the crossbeam 14 is symmetrically provided with a third pushing column 27 and a fourth pushing column 28 of identical structure, also made of round steel and fixedly welded to the crossbeam 14. The position of the first pushing column 25 corresponds to the position of the third pushing column 27, and the position of the second pushing column 26 corresponds to the position of the fourth pushing column 28. This correspondence ensures that the pushing columns can interact accurately when the crossbeam 14 moves up and down.

[0030] A compression spring 29 is installed at the bottom of the third push column 27. The compression spring 29 is made of high-strength spring steel and has good elasticity and cushioning performance. A first compression block 30 is installed at the other end of the compression spring 29. A second compression block 31 is installed on the second push column 26 via a connecting rod 32. The connecting rod 32 is made of round steel and is connected to the push column and the compression block by welding. The first compression block 30 and the second compression block 31 have the same structure and are both made of wear-resistant cast iron. The surface is polished to allow them to press against each other smoothly. When the crossbeam 14 moves downward, the first compression block 30 and the second compression block 31 come into contact and press against each other. Through the elastic deformation of the compression spring 29, the impact force of the crossbeam 14 on the cover plate 3 can be buffered. At the same time, the cover plate 3 and the dust cover 2 are pushed downward, so that the dust cover 2 fits tightly against the ground and enhances the dustproof effect.

[0031] A control switch 33 is installed at one end of the second horizontal support rod 11. The control switch 33 is a waterproof and dustproof industrial-grade control button with good environmental resistance. The control switch 33 is electrically connected to the motor 16, the first quick-change mechanism, the second quick-change mechanism, and the third cylinder 13. Through the control switch 33, the start and stop of the motor 16 and the speed adjustment can be realized, the extension and retraction control of the cylinder can be achieved, and the action control of the quick-change mechanism can be realized, making the operation of the entire device more convenient and automated.

[0032] Wheels 34 are installed at the four corners of the base plate 1. The wheels 34 are pneumatic tires with good shock absorption and off-road capability, which facilitates the movement of the device on the complex terrain of the coal mine exploration site. A handrail 35 made of round steel pipe is installed on one side of the base plate 1. The surface is covered with anti-slip rubber sleeve, which makes it easy for the operator to push the device to move, and also provides stable support when the device is working.

[0033] like Figure 7 As shown, a surveying method using a surveying device for coal mine geological exploration includes the following steps: S1. Move the device to the exploration area and initially position it using the handle 35. Check whether the electrical connection between the control switch 33 and the motor 16, quick-change mechanism, and cylinder is normal. This can be confirmed by observing the indicator light on the control switch 33 and by using a multimeter for measurement. At the same time, confirm that the cover plate 3 and dust cover 2 are functioning normally. Check whether the cover plate 3 can slide smoothly along the limit post and whether the dust cover 2 is damaged or poorly sealed, ensuring that it can effectively block dust.

[0034] S2, control switch 33 controls the extension end of the third cylinder 13 to extend, causing the crossbeam 14 to slide downwards. During the sliding of the crossbeam 14, the sliding ring 15 moves smoothly along the support column, and drives the soil-breaking drill bit 17 closer to the exploration hole 4. The first compression block 30 connected to the crossbeam 14 moves downwards synchronously until the first compression block 30 and the second compression block 31 are pressed together. At this time, the compression spring 29 begins to be compressed, generating elastic force. As the crossbeam 14 continues to descend, the elastic force gradually increases, pushing the cover plate 3 and the dust cover 2 downwards, causing the dust cover 2 to gradually approach the ground. When the compression spring 29 reaches its maximum deformation, the third cylinder 13 stops working.

[0035] S3, control switch 33 starts motor 16 to drive the soil breaking drill bit 17 to rotate, and the third cylinder 13 is started again to make the soil breaking drill bit 17 descend along the exploration hole 4 to the preset depth to start breaking the soil. During the descent, the rotational power of motor 16 and the thrust of cylinder work together to enable soil breaking drill bit 17 to quickly break the surface soil and rock. Dust cover 2 is tightly attached to the ground under the pressure of cover plate 3 to form a closed space, which effectively blocks the dust generated during the soil breaking process inside the dust cover 2 and prevents the dust from spreading to the surrounding environment.

[0036] S4. After breaking the soil, the control switch 33 controls the motor 16 to unscrew the drill rod of the soil breaking drill bit 17. The motor 16 reverses, causing the threaded connection between the drill rod of the soil breaking drill bit 17 and the output shaft of the motor 16 to loosen. At the same time, the first cylinder 20 of the first quick-change mechanism extends its telescopic end, driving the U-shaped block 21 to approach the soil breaking drill bit 17 until the soil breaking drill bit 17 engages with the U-shaped block 21, thus replacing the soil breaking drill bit 17. The limiting block on the drill rod of the soil breaking drill bit 17 can prevent the soil breaking drill bit 17 from falling.

[0037] The synchronous control of the second quick-change mechanism starts, pushing the soil sampling drill bit 18 to the position corresponding to the exploration hole 4. The cylinder extension end of the second quick-change mechanism extends, driving the U-shaped block 21 to push the soil sampling drill bit 18 below the output shaft of the motor 16, aligning the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit 18 with the output shaft of the motor 16. The control switch 33 controls the motor 16 to screw the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit 18 inward. The motor 16 rotates forward, so that the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit 18 and the output shaft of the motor 16 are firmly fixed together by a threaded connection.

[0038] Repeat steps S3 and S4 to begin soil sampling. During the rotation and descent of the sampling drill bit 18, soil samples are collected inside the drill bit via a spiral sampling groove. After sampling, the crossbeam 14 is raised, and the extension end of the third cylinder 13 is retracted, causing the crossbeam 14 and the sampling drill bit 18 to move upwards, lifting the drill bit 18 off the ground. The soil sample is then extracted from the drill bit 18. When a second drill bit change is required, repeat the quick-change process, changing to different types of drill bits according to different exploration needs.

[0039] S5, control switch 33 controls the reset of each component, so that the device returns to the initial state, control motor 16 to stop working, cylinder extension end retracts, quick change mechanism returns to the original position, cover plate 3 moves upward under the action of limit spring 5, and dust cover 2 also returns to the initial position.

[0040] Then, soil samples are collected and the device operating parameters and soil sample information are recorded for geological analysis. The operating parameters include drill bit speed, which is obtained through the tachometer on control switch 33 or the control module of motor 16; cylinder stroke, which is measured by the stroke sensor on the cylinder; motor 16 running time, which is recorded by the timer in control switch 33; soil sample information includes sampling depth, which is calculated based on the cylinder stroke; color, which is observed and recorded by the naked eye; and texture, which is determined by touch and simple physical tests, such as cohesiveness and sandiness, thereby providing information of important reference value for analyzing coal seam distribution, geological structure and potential disaster hazards.

[0041] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned surveying device and method for coal mine geological exploration. By forming a closed space through a dustproof structure and a compression sealing design, dust diffusion is effectively blocked and the working environment is improved. Quick-change components and detachable connections enable rapid switching of drill bits, eliminating manual disassembly and assembly and shortening process time. The integrated control and stabilization structure ensures convenient and accurate operation, adapts to complex coal mine terrain, and improves exploration efficiency and safety.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surveying device for coal mine geological exploration, characterized in that: The device includes a base plate with a through hole at its center. A dust cover is embedded in the through hole, and a cover plate is fixedly installed on the upper end of the dust cover. The two ends of the cover plate are connected to the base plate via limiting posts, and limiting springs are fitted on the limiting posts. An exploration hole is opened at the center of the cover plate. A support assembly is fixedly installed on the base plate. A third cylinder is installed at the top of the support assembly. The telescopic end of the third cylinder passes through the top of the support assembly and is connected to a crossbeam. The two ends of the crossbeam are slidably connected to the support assembly. A sampling mechanism and a quick-change assembly are installed below the crossbeam.

2. The surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support assembly includes a first support column, a second support column, a third support column, and a fourth support column that are structurally identical and vertically arranged on the base plate. The first support column is fixedly connected to the third support column via a first horizontal support rod, and the second support column is fixedly connected to the fourth support column via a second horizontal support rod.

3. The surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sampling mechanism includes a motor, a soil-breaking drill bit, and a soil-taking drill bit. The drill rod of the soil-breaking drill bit is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor. The top of the motor is fixedly connected to the crossbeam. The two ends of the crossbeam are slidably connected to the first support column and the third support column through sliding rings, respectively. The soil-breaking drill bit corresponds to the position of the exploration hole.

4. The surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The quick-change assembly includes a first quick-change mechanism and a second quick-change mechanism that are structurally identical and symmetrically arranged. The first quick-change mechanism is disposed on the second support column, and the second quick-change mechanism is disposed on the fourth support column. The first quick-change mechanism includes a first back plate and a first cylinder disposed on the lower end face of the first back plate. One end of the first back plate is fixedly connected to the second support column, and a U-shaped block is fixedly disposed on the telescopic end of the first cylinder.

5. A surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that: A limiting hole is provided at the center of the U-shaped block, and a limiting groove is provided in the limiting hole. A limiting ring is provided on the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit and the drill rod of the soil breaking drill bit. A limiting rib corresponding to the limiting groove is provided around the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit and the drill rod of the soil breaking drill bit.

6. A surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first horizontal support rod and the second horizontal support rod are cross-connected by a circular fixing plate. The telescopic end of the third cylinder passes through the fixing plate and is fixedly connected to the crossbeam. The included angle between the first horizontal support rod and the second horizontal support rod is 90 degrees.

7. The surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end face of the cover plate is symmetrically provided with a first push column and a second push column with the same structure, and the lower end face of the crossbeam is symmetrically provided with a third push column and a fourth push column with the same structure. The position of the first push column corresponds to the position of the third push column, and the position of the second push column corresponds to the position of the fourth push column.

8. A surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 7, characterized in that: A compression spring is provided at the bottom of the third push column, and a first compression block is provided at the other end of the compression spring. A second compression block is provided on the second push column through a connecting rod. The first compression block and the second compression block have the same structure.

9. A surveying device for coal mine geological exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that: A control switch is provided at one end of the second horizontal support rod. The control switch is electrically connected to the motor, the first quick-change mechanism, the second quick-change mechanism and the third cylinder. Wheels are provided at the four corners of the base plate and a handrail is provided on one side of the base plate.

10. A surveying method for a surveying apparatus for coal mine geological exploration as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Move the device to the exploration area and initially position it using the handrail. Check the electrical connection between the control switch and the motor, quick-change mechanism, and cylinder. Confirm that the cover plate and dust cover are functioning normally. S2. The control switch controls the extension end of the third cylinder to extend, causing the crossbeam to slide downwards and the soil-breaking drill bit to approach the exploration hole. The first extrusion block connected to the crossbeam moves downwards synchronously until the first extrusion block and the second extrusion block press against each other, pushing the cover plate and dust cover downwards. When the extrusion spring reaches its maximum deformation, the third cylinder stops working. S3. The control switch starts the motor to drive the soil breaking drill bit to rotate. The third cylinder is started again to make the soil breaking drill bit descend along the exploration hole to the preset depth to start breaking the soil. The dust cover is used to prevent dust. S4. After breaking the soil, the control switch controls the motor to unscrew the drill rod of the breaking drill bit. At the same time, the first quick-change mechanism is activated to replace the breaking drill bit. Simultaneously, the second quick-change mechanism is activated to push the soil sampling drill bit to the position corresponding to the exploration hole. The control switch controls the motor to unscrew the drill rod of the soil sampling drill bit. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to start soil sampling. After completion, the crossbeam is raised to take soil samples. If a second drill replacement is required, the quick-change process is repeated. S5. The control switch resets all components, returning the device to its initial state. It collects soil samples and records the device's operating parameters and soil sample information for geological analysis. The operating parameters include drill bit speed, cylinder stroke, and motor running time. The soil sample information includes sampling depth, color, and texture.

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