Tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel boring machine. The tunnel boring machine comprises a main machine shield body and an anchor mesh shotcrete supporting system connected with the main machine shield body, the main machine shield body comprises a front shield, a rear shield and a rear shield, the front shield comprises a cutterhead and a main drive, and the main drive is used for driving the cutterhead to rotate; the supporting shield comprises a supporting shoe and a supporting shoe oil cylinder, and the supporting shoe oil cylinder is connected with the supporting shoe and used for driving the supporting shoe to stretch out and draw back; the telescopic shield is arranged between the front shield and the supporting shield, the telescopic shield comprises a plurality of thrust oil cylinders, each thrust oil cylinder is in spherical hinge connection with the front shield and the supporting shield, and the thrust oil cylinders are used for driving the front shield to tunnel; and the diameters of the front shield, the telescopic shield and the supporting shield are gradually reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of engineering machinery technology, and in particular to a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional double-shield tunnel boring machines typically consist of a front shield, a telescopic shield, a support section, and a tail shield, with the tail shield housing a segment support system for lining. The tail shield's design increases the overall length of the main unit. In extremely small turning radii, it becomes difficult to uniformly control the stroke and force of the propulsion cylinders, affecting smooth turning and the normal operation of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a tunnel boring machine to address the shortcomings of related technologies.

[0004] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a shotcrete and netting support system is provided, comprising a main shield body and an anchor-mesh-spraying support system connected to the main shield body, wherein the main shield body includes: A front shield, the front shield including a cutter head and a main drive, the main drive being used to drive the cutter head to rotate; A support shield, the support shield including a support shoe and a support shoe cylinder, the support shoe cylinder being connected to the support shoe and used to drive the support shoe to extend and retract; A telescopic shield is disposed between the front shield and the support shield. The telescopic shield includes multiple propulsion cylinders, each of which is ball-jointed to the front shield and the support shield respectively. The multiple propulsion cylinders are used to drive the front shield to tunnel. The diameters of the front shield, the telescopic shield, and the support shield gradually decrease.

[0005] Optionally, the rotation axis of the cutterhead is eccentrically set relative to the axis of the front shield.

[0006] Optionally, the plurality of propulsion cylinders are arranged along the circumferential direction of the telescopic shield, and the telescopic direction of the propulsion cylinders forms a non-zero angle with the axis of the main shield body. The plurality of propulsion cylinders form multiple sets of cylinder groups arranged in a V-shape in the direction from the front shield to the support shield, and each cylinder group includes two propulsion cylinders.

[0007] Optionally, the telescopic shield includes an upper hydraulic cylinder group, a lower hydraulic cylinder group, a left hydraulic cylinder group, and a right hydraulic cylinder group; The connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the upper cylinder group and the front shield, and the connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the lower cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrically arranged about the horizontal direction. The connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the left hydraulic cylinder group and the front shield, and the connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the right hydraulic cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrically arranged about the vertical direction. The upper and lower hydraulic cylinder groups are used to adjust the pitch attitude of the front shield, and the left and right hydraulic cylinder groups are used to adjust the lateral tilt attitude of the front shield.

[0008] Optionally, the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the upper cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrical about the vertical direction, the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the lower cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrical about the vertical direction, the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the left cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrical about the horizontal direction, and the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the right cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrical about the horizontal direction. Taking the propulsion cylinder closest to the right cylinder group in the upper cylinder group as the first priority, the multiple propulsion cylinders are sorted in a clockwise direction respectively; During the tunnel boring machine's excavation process, when all the propulsion cylinders in odd-numbered positions are closed and all the propulsion cylinders in even-numbered positions are open, the front shield rotates clockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction; when all the propulsion cylinders in odd-numbered positions are open and all the propulsion cylinders in even-numbered positions are closed, the front shield rotates counterclockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction. During the step change process of the tunnel boring machine, when all the propulsion cylinders in the odd-numbered positions are closed and all the propulsion cylinders in the even-numbered positions are open, the support shield rolls clockwise from the perspective of the tunneling direction; when all the propulsion cylinders in the odd-numbered positions are open and all the propulsion cylinders in the even-numbered positions are closed, the support shield rolls counterclockwise from the perspective of the tunneling direction.

[0009] Optionally, the telescopic shield further includes an upper protective shell and a lower protective shell, one of which is connected to the front shield and the other is connected to the rear shield, and the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell can be stacked in the radial direction of the telescopic shield.

[0010] Optionally, the front shield includes an upper shield shell and a lower shield shell, and the main drive is fixedly connected to the upper shield shell and the lower shield shell respectively; The upper shield shell includes a telescopic state and a retracted state, and the upper shield shell is used to tighten the cave wall in the telescopic state.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes a main conveyor belt and a supporting conveyor belt. The main conveyor belt includes a belt and multiple main support sections arranged in sequence, with adjacent main support sections hinged together.

[0012] Optionally, the main conveyor belt further includes a pressure roller and a stop roller, wherein the pressure roller is pressed on the inner side of the bend of the conveyor belt, and the stop roller is disposed on the outer side of the bend of the conveyor belt.

[0013] Optionally, the main conveyor belt further includes an upper roller and a lower roller located below the upper roller. The upper roller supports a portion of the conveyor belt to form the conveyor surface of the conveyor belt, and the lower roller supports a portion of the conveyor belt, with the conveyor belt supported by the lower roller located between the upper roller and the lower roller. The main belt conveyor also includes a first adjusting screw and a second adjusting screw. The first adjusting screw and the second adjusting screw cooperate to adjust the angle formed by the axis of the lower roller and the horizontal plane, so as to adjust the height difference between the inner side of the turn and the outer side of the turn of the belt supported by the lower roller. The main belt conveyor also includes a third adjusting screw and a fourth adjusting screw. The third adjusting screw and the fourth adjusting screw cooperate to adjust the angle formed by the axis of the upper roller and the horizontal plane, so as to adjust the height difference between the inner side of the turn and the outer side of the turn of the belt supported by the upper roller.

[0014] Optionally, the upper roller includes a middle roller, a left roller, and a right roller. The middle roller is disposed between the left roller and the right roller, and the axis of the left roller is inclined relative to the axis of the middle roller toward the conveying surface of the conveyor belt, and the axis of the right roller is inclined relative to the axis of the middle roller toward the conveying surface of the conveyor belt. The third adjusting screw is used to adjust the angle between the axis of the left roller and the axis of the middle roller, and the fourth adjusting screw adjusts the angle between the axis of the right roller and the axis of the middle roller.

[0015] Optionally, the main conveyor belt further includes a fifth adjusting screw and a sixth adjusting screw, both connected to the main support frame. The fifth adjusting screw and the sixth adjusting screw are used to adjust the position of the main support frame in the width direction of the conveyor belt.

[0016] Optionally, the tape may include vulcanized tape.

[0017] Optionally, it also includes a controller, a first laser, a second laser, a first laser target, and a second laser target, wherein the first laser target and the second laser target are disposed on the main shield body; The first laser is used to emit a laser beam toward the first laser target, and the second laser is used to emit a laser beam toward the second laser target; The controller is used to obtain the first center coordinates of the cutter head based on the feedback data of the first laser, and is also used to obtain the second center coordinates of the cutter head based on the feedback data of the second laser. The first center coordinates and the second center coordinates are used to determine the coordinates of the cutter head.

[0018] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: As can be seen from the above embodiments, the tunnel boring machine of this disclosure adopts a dual-shield design of a front shield and a support shield, combined with an anchor-mesh-spray support system. Compared with traditional shield-type tunnel boring machines, it eliminates the tail shield and segment support system, and replaces them with an anchor-mesh-spray support system. This reduces the length and structural complexity of the main shield, which is beneficial for the tunnel boring machine to adapt to application scenarios with ultra-small turning radii. Moreover, in tunnels with good geological conditions, only anchor-mesh-spraying is required, resulting in less support work and faster speed, which can improve tunnel construction efficiency. Furthermore, the diameters of the front shield, telescopic shield, and support shield gradually decrease, forming a conical arrangement structure with a larger front and smaller rear, which provides sufficient gaps for the telescopic shield and support shield, increases the gap between the main shield and the tunnel wall, and helps the tunnel boring machine to turn with ultra-small turning radii.

[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main shield of a tunnel boring machine according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the main shield of a tunnel boring machine according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] Figure 3 This is another three-dimensional view of the main shield of a tunnel boring machine according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main shield of a tunnel boring machine when it turns, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the hinge point position of the propulsion cylinder of a tunnel boring machine with the front shield and support end, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main belt conveyor according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another main belt conveyor according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the positions of a laser and a laser target according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the layout of a laser target on the main shield body according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0031] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main shield of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) according to an exemplary embodiment. The TBM includes a main shield and an anchor-mesh-sprayed support system connected to the main shield. The anchor-mesh-sprayed support system can complete the initial support work of the tunnel, and the secondary lining work of the tunnel is completed by a subsequent formwork trolley. The main shield includes a front shield 1, a support shield 2, and a telescopic shield 3. The telescopic shield 3 is disposed between the front shield 1 and the support shield 2, and the front shield 1 and the support shield 2 are designed to form a double-shield design for the TBM.

[0034] The front shield 1 includes a cutterhead and a main drive. The main drive drives the cutterhead to rotate. Multiple roller cutters are mounted on the cutterhead. During tunneling, the cutterhead presses against the tunnel face, and due to friction, the roller cutters rotate, causing cracks to form on the tunnel face and thus breaking the rock. The axis of rotation of the cutterhead is eccentrically positioned relative to the axis of the front shield 1, thereby maximizing the gap between the main shield and the tunnel wall and preventing the main shield from jamming. The axis of the front shield 1 can be essentially understood as the tunnel's axis.

[0035] The support shield 2 includes a support shoe and a support shoe cylinder. The support shoe cylinder can control the extension and retraction of the support shoe. During the tunneling stage of the front shield 1, the support shoe cylinder can control the support shoe to be tightly supported against the tunnel wall to provide propulsion reaction force and torque, ensuring that the front shield 1 tunnels forward. During the step-changing stage of the support shield 2, the support shoe cylinder can control the support shoe to retract, ensuring the smooth step-changing of the support shield 2.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the telescopic shield 3 can include multiple propulsion cylinders 31. Each propulsion cylinder 31 is ball-jointed to the front shield 1 and the support shield 2, respectively. For example, the piston rod end of each propulsion cylinder 31 is ball-jointed to the drive box of the front shield 1, and the cylinder end is ball-jointed to the support shield 2. The ball-jointed connection between the propulsion cylinder 31 and the front shield 1 and the support shield 2 helps to shorten the length of the main shield body and improve the flexibility and turning ability of the main shield body. Multiple propulsion cylinders 31 work together to drive the front shield 1 to complete the tunneling work. Furthermore, the front shield 1, the support shield 2, and the telescopic shield 3 can be arranged in a cylindrical shape, and the diameters of the front shield 1, the telescopic shield 3, and the support shield 2 gradually decrease, forming a conical arrangement structure with a larger front and a smaller rear. This provides sufficient clearance for the telescopic shield 3 and the support shield 2, increases the clearance between the main shield body and the tunnel wall, and helps the tunnel boring machine to turn with an ultra-small turning radius.

[0037] Furthermore, the tunnel boring machine adopts a dual-shield design with a front shield 1 and a support shield 2, combined with an anchor-mesh-spray support system. Compared with traditional shield-type tunnel boring machines, it eliminates the tail shield and segment support system, replacing them with an anchor-mesh-spray support system. This reduces the length and structural complexity of the main shield, making the tunnel boring machine adaptable to applications with ultra-small turning radii. Moreover, in tunnels with good geological conditions, only anchor-mesh-spray support is required, resulting in less support work, faster speed, and improved tunnel construction efficiency.

[0038] In some embodiments, the front shield 1 further includes an upper shield shell and a lower shield shell. The main drive is fixedly connected to the upper shield shell and the lower shield shell respectively, so as to realize the fixed setting of the main drive on the front shield 1. The upper shield shell includes a telescopic state and a retracted state. The upper shield shell is used to support the tunnel wall in the telescopic state. For example, during the tunneling process, when the upper shield shell extends to support the tunnel wall, it can stabilize the cutterhead and reduce the vibration of the main drive. During the step change process, the upper shield shell extends to support the tunnel wall, fixes the front shield 1, and ensures that the support shield 2 can achieve a smooth step change.

[0039] In some embodiments, still using Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, multiple propulsion cylinders 31 are arranged along the circumference of the telescopic shield 3, and each propulsion cylinder 31 is in a non-parallel state, that is, the telescopic direction of the propulsion cylinder 31 is not zero with the axis of the main shield, i.e., it is not parallel. The multiple propulsion cylinders 31 form multiple sets of cylinder groups arranged in a V-shape in the direction from the front shield 1 to the supporting shield 2, and each cylinder group includes two propulsion cylinders 31. For example, as Figure 4 As shown, the left diagram illustrates the connection position between the propulsion cylinder 31 and the support shield 2. Figure 5 The diagram on the right shows a schematic of the connection position between the propulsion cylinder 31 and the support shield 2. Figure 5 The left side of the diagram shows the connection position between the propulsion cylinder 31 and the front shield 1. In each cylinder group, the distance between the two propulsion cylinders 31 gradually increases in the direction from the front shield 1 to the support shield 2.

[0040] The non-parallelism of the propulsion cylinder 31 can be understood as the piston movement direction of the propulsion cylinder 31 being non-parallel to the axis of the main shield. This can further shorten the length of the main shield, thus improving the adaptability of the tunnel boring machine to applications with ultra-small turning radii. Each propulsion cylinder 31 can be equipped with a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor. The displacement signal detected by the displacement sensor and the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor can be sent to the host computer.

[0041] Furthermore, in order to drive the front shield 1 to steer via multiple propulsion cylinders 31, in some embodiments, it is still based on... Figures 2-5As shown, the telescopic shield 3 may include eight propulsion cylinders 31, which constitute four cylinder groups. These four cylinder groups are respectively divided into an upper cylinder group, a lower cylinder group, a left cylinder group, and a right cylinder group. The connection positions of the propulsion cylinders of the upper cylinder group and the front shield 1 with the front shield 1 are symmetrical about the horizontal direction. The connection positions of the propulsion cylinders of the left cylinder group and the front shield 1 with the front shield 1 are symmetrical about the vertical direction. Subsequently, the attitude of the front shield 1 can be adjusted by the sectional control of the cylinder groups of the upper cylinder group, the lower cylinder group, the left cylinder group, and the right cylinder group. Specifically, the upper and lower cylinder groups can be used to adjust the pitch attitude of the front shield 1, and the left and right cylinder groups can be used to adjust the lateral attitude of the front shield 1.

[0042] Specifically, when adjusting the pitch attitude of the front shield 1, the control can be achieved by adjusting the difference in propulsion flow between the upper and lower hydraulic cylinder groups. Similarly, when adjusting the lateral tilt attitude of the front shield 1, the control can be achieved by adjusting the difference in propulsion flow between the left and right hydraulic cylinder groups. The tunnel boring machine's propulsion speed can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of each propulsion cylinder 31 to a given value. This zoning design allows for correction of the front shield 1. For example, when the front shield 1 tilts upward, the flow rate of the upper cylinder assembly can be increased, thereby increasing the thrust of the upper cylinder assembly and causing the front shield 1 to tilt downward. When the front shield 1 tilts downward, the flow rate of the lower cylinder assembly can be increased, thereby increasing the thrust of the lower cylinder assembly and causing the front shield 1 to tilt upward. Similarly, when the front shield 1 tilts to the left, the flow rate of the left cylinder assembly can be increased, thereby increasing the thrust of the left cylinder assembly and causing the front shield 1 to tilt to the right. When the front shield 1 tilts to the right, the flow rate of the right cylinder assembly can be increased, thereby increasing the thrust of the right cylinder assembly and causing the front shield 1 to tilt to the left.

[0043] In this embodiment, the front shield 1 can be further adjusted by controlling the upper hydraulic cylinder group, lower hydraulic cylinder group, left hydraulic cylinder group, and right hydraulic cylinder group. Specifically, as shown in the figure... Figure 5 As shown, the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the upper cylinder group to the front shield 1 are symmetrical about the vertical direction; the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the lower cylinder group to the front shield 1 are symmetrical about the vertical direction; the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the left cylinder group to the front shield 1 are symmetrical about the horizontal direction; and the connection positions of the two propulsion cylinders of the right cylinder group to the front shield 1 are symmetrical about the horizontal direction. Figure 5 As shown, assuming that the propulsion cylinder closest to the right cylinder group in the above cylinder group is the first priority, the multiple propulsion cylinders are sorted in a clockwise direction respectively; During the advancement of the tunnel boring machine, the propulsion cylinder 31 is in the extended state. When all odd-numbered propulsion cylinders are closed and all even-numbered propulsion cylinders are open, the front shield 1 rotates clockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction. When all odd-numbered propulsion cylinders are open and all even-numbered propulsion cylinders are closed, the front shield 1 rotates counterclockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction. During the step-changing process of the tunnel boring machine, the propulsion cylinder retracts. When all odd-numbered propulsion cylinders are closed and all even-numbered propulsion cylinders are open, the support shield rotates clockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction. When all odd-numbered propulsion cylinders are open and all even-numbered propulsion cylinders are closed, the support shield 2 rotates counterclockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction. This achieves the purpose of controlling the rolling angle of the main shield.

[0044] In some embodiments, the telescopic shield 3 further includes an upper protective shell and a lower protective shell, one of which is connected to the front shield 1 and the other to the support shield. The upper and lower protective shells can be stacked radially in the telescopic shield 3. For example, during tunneling, the propulsion cylinder 31 extends, and the upper and lower protective shells gradually separate, increasing their combined coverage area. During step change, the propulsion cylinder 31 retracts, and the upper and lower protective shells gradually approach and stack, decreasing their combined coverage area. Thus, the modular design of the upper and lower protective shells reduces the weight of each unit, facilitating quick assembly and disassembly, while protecting the propulsion cylinders and personnel.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the tunnel boring machine also includes a main conveyor belt and a rear auxiliary conveyor belt. The main conveyor belt is mainly used to receive the excavated soil from the cutterhead. The excavated soil is transported to the rear auxiliary conveyor belt, which then transports it to the rear auxiliary muck cars for further transport. For example, Figure 6 As shown, the main conveyor belt includes a belt 4 and multiple main support brackets 5 arranged in sequence. The belt 4 may include a vulcanized belt to improve the tensile strength and tear resistance of the belt 4, enabling it to withstand torsional stress during turning, effectively reducing the risk of belt 4 breakage and wear, extending belt service life, ensuring stable operation of the main conveyor belt under complex working conditions, and helping to cope with the high stress environment caused by small turning radii.

[0046] Multiple main support sections 5 share the same conveyor belt 4, and adjacent main support sections 5 are hinged together. For example, the multiple main support sections 5 may include a receiving section support, a dropping section support, and an intermediate support set between the receiving section support and the dropping section support. The receiving section support, the intermediate support, and the dropping section support are hinged together in sequence. In this way, when the tunnel boring machine makes a turn with an ultra-small turning radius, the intermediate support will adaptively rotate according to the ultra-small turning radius, so that the positional relationship between the multiple main support sections 5 tends to be a turning curve. Compared with the large included angle between the receiving section and the dropping section in the case of a single shield support, it is transformed into multiple small included angles for transition. The turning curve is fitted with a straight line of smaller length, which is more conducive to the main conveyor belt adapting to application scenarios with ultra-small turning radii.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the main conveyor belt also includes a pressure roller 6 and a guide roller 7. The pressure roller 6 is located on the inner side of the turn of the belt 4, and the guide roller 7 is located on the outer side of the turn of the belt 4. The inner side of the turn can be understood as one side in the turning direction. For example, when turning left, the left side of the belt is the inner side of the turn, and the right side is the outer side of the turn; when turning right, the right side of the belt is the inner side of the turn, and the left side is the outer side of the turn. The guide roller 7, located on the outer side of the turn, can limit the belt 4 from deviating during the turn. The pressure roller 6, located on the inner side of the turn, forces the inner side of the belt 4 to run along the wavy line through its rolling action, thereby reducing the tension difference between the inner and outer sides of the turn of the belt 4, and reducing the fluctuation and deviation of the belt 4 on the inner side of the turn. The pressure roller 6 and the guide roller 7 can be made of high-strength alloy material, and their surfaces undergo special wear-resistant treatment to reduce frictional loss with the belt 4. By using scientific angle and spacing distribution, pressure roller 6 and stop roller 7 are used to limit the conveyor belt 4. When the conveyor belt 4 shows a slight tendency to deviate, pressure roller 6 and stop roller 7 can apply a reverse force in time to adjust the conveyor belt 4 back to the correct position, forming a comprehensive anti-deviation protection system to ensure that the conveyor belt 4 always runs smoothly along the predetermined path.

[0048] Furthermore, when the tunnel boring machine turns with a small turning radius, the outer side of the conveyor belt 4 will be subjected to centrifugal force and bear a large lateral force, causing the conveyor belt 4 to tend to deviate towards the inside of the turn. In order to eliminate this effect, the main conveyor belt also includes an upper roller 8 and a lower roller 9 located below the upper roller 8. The upper roller 8 can support part of the conveyor belt 4 and form the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 4. The lower roller 9 supports part of the conveyor belt 4 and forms the return section of the conveyor belt 4. The conveyor belt supported by the lower roller 9 is located between the upper roller 8 and the lower roller 9. The main conveyor belt also includes a first adjusting screw 10 and a second adjusting screw 11, which cooperate to adjust the angle formed by the axis of the lower roller 9 and the horizontal plane, so as to adjust the height difference between the inner side and the outer side of the turn of the belt supported by the lower roller 9; the main conveyor belt also includes a third adjusting screw 12 and a fourth adjusting screw 13, which cooperate to adjust the angle formed by the axis of the upper roller 8 and the horizontal plane, so as to adjust the height difference between the inner side and the outer side of the turn of the belt 4 supported by the upper roller 8.

[0049] Based on this, the upper roller 8 and lower roller 9 can be adjusted in a timely manner according to parameters such as the operating speed and turning radius of the main conveyor belt. When the main conveyor belt travels to the turning area, the first adjusting screw 10, the second adjusting screw 11, the third adjusting screw 12 and the fourth adjusting screw 13 will cause the inner side of the belt 4 to be raised and the outer side to be lowered, so that the belt forms a certain tilt angle. This will convert part of the centrifugal force into the gravity component of the belt itself, thereby greatly reducing the lateral force on the belt and improving the safety and stability of the belt operation.

[0050] The upper roller 8 includes a middle roller 81, a left roller 82, and a right roller 83. The middle roller 81 is positioned between the left roller 82 and the right roller 83. The axis of the left roller 82 is inclined relative to the axis of the middle roller 81 towards the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 4, and the axis of the right roller 83 is also inclined relative to the axis of the middle roller 81 towards the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 4. A third adjusting screw 12 is used to adjust the angle between the axis of the left roller 82 and the axis of the middle roller, and a fourth adjusting screw 13 adjusts the angle between the axis of the right roller 83 and the axis of the middle roller 81. This achieves the height difference between the inner and outer sides of the turn of the conveyor belt 4.

[0051] Furthermore, the main conveyor belt also includes a fifth adjusting screw 14 and a sixth adjusting screw 15, which are respectively connected to the main support frame. The fifth adjusting screw 14 and the sixth adjusting screw 15 are used to adjust the position of the main support frame in the width direction of the conveyor belt 4. For example... Figure 7As shown, the fifth adjusting screw 14 adjusts the main unit bracket to the left, and the sixth adjusting screw 15 adjusts the main unit bracket to the left, thereby allowing the tape 4 to move to the left synchronously. This creates an angle between the tape in this left-moving area and the tapes before and after it, which is beneficial for matching the angular curvature of the corner area. Figure 7 As shown in the diagram, assuming the direction perpendicular to the plane is the tunneling direction, when the main shield turns right, and the main conveyor belt reaches the turning area, rotating the fifth adjusting screw 14 and the sixth adjusting screw 15 causes the main support to shift to the left. Simultaneously, the conveyor belt 4 shifts to the left, allowing it to naturally form a larger arc under tension, conforming to the right-turning path. This not only reduces the frictional resistance between the conveyor belt 4 and the main support 5 but also guides the material to be evenly distributed on the conveyor belt 4, avoiding problems such as material accumulation and slippage due to insufficient arc of the conveyor belt 4. This effectively solves the problem of uneven slag discharge and ensures the main conveyor belt efficiently completes its material conveying task. In the above embodiments, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, to precisely control the tunnel boring machine's (TBM) excavation direction, the TBM also includes a first laser 16, a second laser 17, a first laser target 18, and a second laser target 19. Both the first laser target 18 and the second laser target 19 are fixedly mounted on the main shield body, for example, on the support shield 2 or the front shield 1. The first laser 16 and the second laser 17 can be fixedly mounted inside the tunnel. During the guiding process, the first laser 16 can emit a laser beam towards the first laser target 18, while the second laser 17 can emit a laser beam towards the second laser target 19. The TBM also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to both the first laser 16 and the second laser 17. The controller is used to obtain the first center coordinates of the cutterhead based on the feedback data from the first laser 16, and also to obtain the second center coordinates of the cutterhead based on the feedback data from the second laser 17. The cutterhead coordinates are determined using these first and second center coordinates.

[0052] For example, one of the first center coordinates and the second center coordinates can be used as the reference coordinates to verify the accuracy of the coordinates and improve the guiding accuracy; or the tool head coordinates can be calculated based on the first center coordinates and the second center coordinates, which can improve the accuracy compared to the coordinates obtained based on a single laser, thereby improving the guiding accuracy.

[0053] In the technical solution of this application, the tunnel boring machine is innovatively designed from multiple aspects, including the inverted cone-shaped structural design of the main shield, the non-parallel V-shaped propulsion cylinder design of the telescopic shield 3, the hinged main support of the main belt conveyor, the reinforcement and control of the conveyor belt, and the design of the dual laser guidance system. This enables the machine to adapt to ultra-small radius turns. For example, through the combination of structural designs in various embodiments of this application, the turning radius of the tunnel boring machine can reach 30m.

[0054] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the following claims.

[0055] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, It includes a main shield body and an anchor-mesh-sprayed support system connected to the main shield body, wherein the main shield body includes: A front shield, the front shield including a cutter head and a main drive, the main drive being used to drive the cutter head to rotate; A support shield, the support shield including a support shoe and a support shoe cylinder, the support shoe cylinder being connected to the support shoe and used to drive the support shoe to extend and retract; A telescopic shield is disposed between the front shield and the support shield. The telescopic shield includes multiple propulsion cylinders, each of which is ball-jointed to the front shield and the support shield respectively. The multiple propulsion cylinders are used to drive the front shield to tunnel. The diameters of the front shield, the telescopic shield, and the support shield gradually decrease.

2. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation axis of the cutterhead is eccentrically set relative to the axis of the front shield.

3. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple propulsion cylinders are arranged along the circumference of the telescopic shield, and the telescopic direction of the propulsion cylinders forms a non-zero angle with the axis of the main shield. The multiple propulsion cylinders form multiple sets of cylinder groups arranged in a V-shape in the direction from the front shield to the support shield, and each cylinder group includes two propulsion cylinders.

4. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic shield includes an upper hydraulic cylinder group, a lower hydraulic cylinder group, a left hydraulic cylinder group, and a right hydraulic cylinder group; The connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the upper cylinder group and the front shield, and the connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the lower cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrically arranged about the horizontal direction. The connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the left hydraulic cylinder group and the front shield, and the connection positions of the propulsion cylinder of the right hydraulic cylinder group and the front shield are symmetrically arranged about the vertical direction. The upper and lower hydraulic cylinder groups are used to adjust the pitch attitude of the front shield, and the left and right hydraulic cylinder groups are used to adjust the lateral tilt attitude of the front shield.

5. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two propulsion cylinders of the upper cylinder group are symmetrically connected to the front shield about the vertical direction; the two propulsion cylinders of the lower cylinder group are symmetrically connected to the front shield about the vertical direction; the two propulsion cylinders of the left cylinder group are symmetrically connected to the front shield about the horizontal direction; and the two propulsion cylinders of the right cylinder group are symmetrically connected to the front shield about the horizontal direction. Taking the propulsion cylinder closest to the right cylinder group in the upper cylinder group as the first priority, the multiple propulsion cylinders are sorted in a clockwise direction respectively; During the tunnel boring machine's excavation process, when all the propulsion cylinders in odd-numbered positions are closed and all the propulsion cylinders in even-numbered positions are open, the front shield rotates clockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction; when all the propulsion cylinders in odd-numbered positions are open and all the propulsion cylinders in even-numbered positions are closed, the front shield rotates counterclockwise from the perspective of the excavation direction. During the step change process of the tunnel boring machine, when all the propulsion cylinders in the odd-numbered positions are closed and all the propulsion cylinders in the even-numbered positions are open, the support shield rolls clockwise from the perspective of the tunneling direction; when all the propulsion cylinders in the odd-numbered positions are open and all the propulsion cylinders in the even-numbered positions are closed, the support shield rolls counterclockwise from the perspective of the tunneling direction.

6. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The telescopic shield also includes an upper protective shell and a lower protective shell. One of the upper protective shell and the lower protective shell is connected to the front shield and the other is connected to the rear shield. The upper protective shell and the lower protective shell can be stacked in the radial direction of the telescopic shield.

7. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front shield includes an upper shield shell and a lower shield shell, and the main drive is fixedly connected to the upper shield shell and the lower shield shell respectively; The upper shield shell includes a telescopic state and a retracted state, and the upper shield shell is used to tighten the cave wall in the telescopic state.

8. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a main conveyor belt and a supporting conveyor belt. The main conveyor belt includes a belt and multiple main support sections arranged in sequence, with adjacent main support sections hinged together.

9. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The main conveyor belt also includes a pressure roller and a stop roller. The pressure roller is pressed on the inside of the bend of the conveyor belt, and the stop roller is disposed on the outside of the bend of the conveyor belt.

10. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The main conveyor belt also includes an upper roller and a lower roller located below the upper roller. The upper roller supports a portion of the conveyor belt to form the conveyor surface of the conveyor belt. The lower roller supports a portion of the conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt supported by the lower roller is located between the upper roller and the lower roller. The main belt conveyor also includes a first adjusting screw and a second adjusting screw. The first adjusting screw and the second adjusting screw cooperate to adjust the angle formed by the axis of the lower roller and the horizontal plane, so as to adjust the height difference between the inner side of the turn and the outer side of the turn of the belt supported by the lower roller. The main belt conveyor also includes a third adjusting screw and a fourth adjusting screw. The third adjusting screw and the fourth adjusting screw cooperate to adjust the angle formed by the axis of the upper roller and the horizontal plane, so as to adjust the height difference between the inner side of the turn and the outer side of the turn of the belt supported by the upper roller.

11. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 10, characterized in that, The upper roller includes a middle roller, a left roller, and a right roller. The middle roller is disposed between the left roller and the right roller, and the axis of the left roller is inclined relative to the axis of the middle roller toward the conveying surface of the conveyor belt. The axis of the right roller is inclined relative to the axis of the middle roller toward the conveying surface of the conveyor belt. The third adjusting screw is used to adjust the angle between the axis of the left roller and the axis of the middle roller, and the fourth adjusting screw adjusts the angle between the axis of the right roller and the axis of the middle roller.

12. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 11, characterized in that, The main conveyor belt also includes a fifth adjusting screw and a sixth adjusting screw, both connected to the main support frame. The fifth adjusting screw and the sixth adjusting screw are used to adjust the position of the main support frame in the width direction of the conveyor belt.

13. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tape includes vulcanized tape.

14. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, a first laser, a second laser, a first laser target, and a second laser target, wherein the first laser target and the second laser target are disposed on the main shield body; The first laser is used to emit a laser beam toward the first laser target, and the second laser is used to emit a laser beam toward the second laser target; The controller is used to obtain the first center coordinates of the cutter head based on the feedback data of the first laser, and is also used to obtain the second center coordinates of the cutter head based on the feedback data of the second laser. The first center coordinates and the second center coordinates are used to determine the coordinates of the cutter head.

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