Avalanche dynamics simulation device

Abstract

An avalanche dynamics simulation device disclosed by the present invention comprises a snow box, a slope slideway, an air outlet assembly, an air processing assembly and a monitoring assembly, the air outlet assembly comprises a plurality of first air exhaust boxes and a plurality of second air exhaust boxes, the first air exhaust boxes and the second air exhaust boxes are connected with an air source through first pipelines, the first air exhaust boxes are arranged on the side wall of the snow box, and the second air exhaust boxes are arranged on the side wall of the snow box. The second exhaust box is arranged on the bottom side of the slope slide way, and the output end of the second exhaust box is communicated with the slope slide way; the air processing assembly is arranged on the first pipeline and located between the air source and the air outlet assembly and comprises a temperature regulator, a pressure reducer and a dryer. The monitoring assembly comprises a control processing terminal, a plurality of first pressure sensors and a plurality of second pressure sensors, the first pressure sensors are arranged in the snow box, the second pressure sensors are arranged on the slope slide way, and the control processing terminal is electrically connected with the air processing assembly, the first pressure sensors and the second pressure sensors; the invention provides the avalanche simulation device which can simulate and monitor the whole process and can regulate and control the power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of avalanche disaster research technology, specifically to an avalanche dynamics simulation device. Background Technology

[0002] In the high-altitude mountainous areas of western my country, avalanches are frequent due to factors such as topography, snow characteristics, meteorological changes, and seismic activity. Avalanches are diverse in type and widely distributed, often occurring on steep slopes and high mountain passes, and are characterized by their suddenness and immense destructive power. When an avalanche occurs, the high-speed moving snow mass can instantly destroy roads, bridges, communication facilities, and buildings, burying villages and passing pedestrians and vehicles, causing severe casualties and enormous property losses. It poses a significant threat to economic development, transportation safety, and ecological stability in mountainous areas, seriously hindering regional sustainable development. Therefore, conducting research on avalanche simulation technology and deeply exploring the formation, movement, and disaster-causing mechanisms of avalanches is of great significance for improving avalanche disaster prevention and control capabilities. However, the development of avalanche simulation technology faces many challenges. Due to the extremely complex geological and meteorological environments in avalanche-affected areas, the simulation process struggles to accurately reproduce real-world scenarios. Existing avalanche simulation technologies only consider the movement of avalanches under gravity, neglecting the influence of other mechanical forces, such as the propulsion of snow particles by gas, friction, and the reaction forces caused by the impact of terrain, leading to snow mass displacement. Furthermore, mechanical measurements only measure the impact pressure in the avalanche deposition zone, failing to reflect the multi-parameter dynamic information of the entire avalanche process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to propose an avalanche dynamics simulation device to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes an avalanche dynamics simulation device, comprising: A snow box containing simulated snow pellets, the snow box having a snow outlet; The ramp slide is positioned at its top corresponding to the snow outlet. The air outlet assembly includes multiple first exhaust boxes and multiple second exhaust boxes. The input ends of the first exhaust boxes and the second exhaust boxes are both connected to an air source through a first pipe. The first exhaust boxes are located on the side wall of the snow box, and the output ends of the first exhaust boxes are connected to the snow box for discharging gas into the snow box. The second exhaust boxes are located on the bottom side of the ramp, and the output ends of the second exhaust boxes are connected to the ramp for discharging gas to the upper side of the ramp. An air handling unit, disposed in the first duct and located between the air source and the air outlet assembly, includes a temperature regulator, a pressure reducer, and a dryer. The temperature regulator is used to regulate the temperature of the gas in the first duct, the pressure reducer is used to regulate the pressure of the gas in the first duct, and the dryer is used to remove moisture from the gas in the first duct. The monitoring component includes a control processing terminal, multiple first pressure sensors, and multiple second pressure sensors. The first pressure sensors are located inside the snow box, and the second pressure sensors are located on the ramp. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the air processing component, the first pressure sensors, and the second pressure sensors.

[0005] Optionally, the air inlet of the temperature regulator is connected to the air source, the air outlet of the dryer is connected to the air outlet assembly, and the pressure reducer is located between the temperature regulator and the dryer.

[0006] Optionally, the monitoring component further includes a temperature and humidity monitor, which is disposed in the first duct and located between the dryer and the air outlet component. The temperature and humidity monitor includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the gas output from the air outlet of the dryer, and the humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity of the gas output from the air outlet of the dryer. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0007] Optionally, the temperature regulator includes: The first housing has a first flow channel and a storage cavity inside. One end of the first flow channel is the air inlet of the temperature regulator and is connected to the air source. The other end of the first flow channel is connected to the pressure reducer. The storage cavity is located beside the first flow channel and is connected to the first flow channel. The storage cavity contains a coolant for cooling the gas in the first flow channel. An infrared temperature sensor is installed in the first flow channel to monitor the temperature of the gas in the first flow channel; A heating wire is disposed in the first flow channel and is used to heat the gas in the first flow channel; A cooling valve, located between the first flow channel and the storage cavity, is used to control the connection state between the first flow channel and the storage cavity; and... The first controller is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor, the heating wire, and the cooling valve to control the working state of the heating wire and the cooling valve according to the monitoring result of the infrared temperature sensor, so as to heat or cool the gas in the first flow channel. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the first controller.

[0008] Optionally, the pressure reducer includes: A pressure reducing valve, wherein the inlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the first flow channel and the outlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the dryer, and the pressure reducing valve is used to reduce the internal gas pressure; A pressure gauge is installed at the outlet of the pressure reducing valve to monitor the gas pressure after pressure reduction. A safety valve, located between the outlet of the pressure reducing valve and the pressure gauge, is used to discharge gas from the pressure reducing valve; and, The second controller is electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve, the pressure gauge, and the safety valve, and is used to control the working state of the pressure reducing valve and the safety valve according to the monitoring result of the pressure gauge. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the second controller.

[0009] Optionally, the dryer includes: A second housing, the air inlet of which is connected to the air outlet of the pressure reducing valve, and the air outlet of which is connected to the air outlet assembly; and, A desiccant, disposed inside the second housing, is used to remove moisture from the gas flowing into the second housing.

[0010] Optionally, the monitoring component further includes a gas flow meter disposed in the first pipe and located between the dryer and the air outlet component.

[0011] Optionally, the snow box has a bottom wall and a rear wall disposed opposite to the snow outlet, and the bottom wall and the rear wall are respectively provided with a plurality of first air inlets; There are two first exhaust boxes. The output end of one of the two first exhaust boxes is connected to the bottom wall of the snow box through the first air inlet corresponding to the bottom wall. The output end of the other one of the two first exhaust boxes is connected to the rear wall through the first air inlet corresponding to the rear wall, so that the gas in the first exhaust box flows into the snow box. The first pipe is connected to the input end of one of the two first exhaust boxes via a second pipe, and the first pipe is connected to the input end of the other of the two first exhaust boxes via a third pipe.

[0012] Optionally, the ramp slide is provided with multiple air outlet areas, which are distributed at intervals along the extension direction of the ramp slide, and each air outlet area is provided with multiple second air inlets. Multiple second exhaust boxes are located on the bottom side of the ramp slide and are arranged one-to-one with multiple air outlet areas, so that the gas in each second exhaust box flows to the upper side of the ramp slide through multiple second air inlets in its corresponding air outlet area. Multiple second-row air boxes are connected through a fourth pipe, and the input end of the fourth pipe is connected to a first-row air box.

[0013] Optionally, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are both piezoresistive pressure sensors.

[0014] In the technical solution of this invention, the gas source delivers gas into the snow chamber through the first pipe. During the delivery process, the gas output from the gas source is regulated in terms of temperature, pressure, and humidity by the temperature regulator, the pressure reducer, and the dryer to meet the requirements of a real avalanche environment. Furthermore, by installing the first exhaust fan on the side wall of the snow chamber and the second exhaust fan on the bottom side of the ramp, gas is output from different directions to interact with the simulated snow particles, achieving different dynamic controls and creating an airflow environment to simulate the interaction between air and snow during an avalanche. Finally, the first and second pressure sensors monitor changes in pressure, tension, and pressure difference throughout the entire process, providing accurate data for the simulation experiment and improving the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of avalanche simulation. This invention provides an avalanche simulation device with full-process simulation, full-process monitoring, and adjustable dynamics, featuring real-time monitoring, saving manpower, and a wide simulation range. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the avalanche dynamics simulation device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of the avalanche dynamics simulation device; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first pressure sensor in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the Wheatstone bridge of the first pressure sensor in the circuit.

[0017] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0018] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0022] The development of avalanche simulation technology faces numerous challenges. Due to the extremely complex geological and meteorological environments in avalanche-affected areas, the simulation process struggles to accurately reproduce real-world scenarios. Existing avalanche simulation technologies only consider the movement of avalanches under gravity, neglecting the influence of other mechanical forces, such as the propulsion of snow particles by gas, friction, and the reaction forces caused by the impact of terrain, leading to snow mass displacement. Furthermore, mechanical measurements only measure the impact pressure in the avalanche deposition zone, failing to reflect the multi-parameter dynamic information of the entire avalanche process.

[0023] In view of this, the present invention provides an avalanche dynamics simulation device 100. Figures 1 to 4 This is an embodiment of the avalanche dynamics simulation device 100 provided by the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to the figure. The avalanche dynamics simulation device 100 includes a snowbox 1, a ramp 2, an air outlet assembly 3, an air handling assembly 4, and a monitoring assembly 5. The snowbox 1 contains simulated snow particles 200 and has a snow outlet. The top of the ramp 2 is positioned corresponding to the snow outlet. The air outlet assembly 3 includes multiple first exhaust boxes 31 and multiple second exhaust boxes 32. The input ends of the first exhaust boxes 31 and the second exhaust boxes 32 are both connected to an air source via a first pipe 33. The first exhaust boxes 31 are located on the side wall of the snowbox 1, and their output ends are connected to the snowbox 1 for discharging gas into the snowbox 1. The second exhaust boxes 32 are located on the bottom side of the ramp 2, and their output ends are connected to the ramp 2 for discharging gas into the snowbox 1. Gas is discharged from the upper side of the ramp 2; the air handling assembly 4 is located in the first pipe 33 and between the air source and the air outlet assembly 3, and includes a temperature regulator 41, a pressure reducer 42 and a dryer 43. The temperature regulator 41 is used to regulate the temperature of the gas in the first pipe 33, the pressure reducer 42 is used to regulate the pressure of the gas in the first pipe 33, and the dryer 43 is used to remove moisture from the gas in the first pipe 33; the monitoring assembly 5 includes a control processing terminal, a plurality of first pressure sensors 52 and a plurality of second pressure sensors 53. The first pressure sensors 52 are located in the snow box 1, and the second pressure sensors 53 are located in the ramp 2. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the air handling assembly 4, the first pressure sensors 52 and the second pressure sensors 53.

[0025] In this invention, the gas source delivers gas to the snow chamber 1 through the first pipe 33. During delivery, the gas output from the gas source has its temperature, pressure, and humidity regulated by the temperature regulator 41, the pressure reducer 42, and the dryer 43 to meet the requirements of a real avalanche environment. Furthermore, by installing the first exhaust fan 31 on the side wall of the snow chamber 1 and the second exhaust fan 32 on the bottom side of the ramp 2, gas is output from different directions to interact with the simulated snow particles 200, achieving different dynamic controls and creating an airflow environment to simulate the interaction between air and snow during an avalanche. The first pressure sensor 52 and the second pressure sensor 53 monitor changes in pressure, tension, and pressure difference throughout the process, providing accurate data for the simulation experiment and improving the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of avalanche simulation. This invention provides a fully simulated, monitored, and dynamically adjustable avalanche simulation device with real-time monitoring, saving manpower and offering a wide simulation range.

[0026] It should be noted that, in this invention, the monitoring data of the first pressure sensor 52 and the second pressure sensor 53 are transmitted to the control processing terminal for analysis through the data acquisition system, thereby obtaining data support and ensuring the effective processing and analysis of the test data.

[0027] It should also be noted that, in this invention, the control processing terminal is a computer, mobile phone, etc.

[0028] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, the air inlet of the temperature regulator 41 is connected to the air source, the air outlet of the dryer 43 is connected to the air outlet assembly 3, and the pressure reducer 42 is disposed between the temperature regulator 41 and the dryer 43. Thus, the gas from the air source entering the first pipe 33 first passes through the temperature regulator 41 to regulate its temperature, then through the pressure reducer 42 to regulate its pressure, and finally through the dryer 43 to regulate its humidity.

[0029] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 The monitoring component 5 further includes a temperature and humidity monitor 54, which is disposed in the first pipe 33 and located between the dryer 43 and the air outlet component 3. The temperature and humidity monitor 54 includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the gas output from the air outlet of the dryer 43, and the humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity of the gas output from the air outlet of the dryer 43. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0030] Thus, the temperature and humidity of the gas input to the air outlet component 3 after being regulated by the air handling component 4, which is the gas used to interact with the simulated snow particles 200, can be monitored in real time through the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor. The temperature and humidity monitoring data are transmitted to the control and processing terminal for storage and analysis through the data acquisition system.

[0031] More specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature sensor is model SI-411, with a temperature measurement error ≤ ±0.5℃, and the humidity sensor is model BME690, with a humidity measurement error ≤ ±3%. In addition, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor can quickly sense environmental changes and can complete data updates within 5 seconds, avoiding lag that could lead to decision delays.

[0032] Specifically, the temperature regulator 41 includes a first housing, an infrared temperature sensor, a heating wire, a cooling valve, and a first controller. The first housing contains a first flow channel and a storage cavity. One end of the first flow channel is the air inlet of the temperature regulator 41, connected to the air source, and the other end of the first flow channel is connected to the pressure reducer 42. The storage cavity is located beside and connected to the first flow channel, and contains a coolant for cooling the gas in the first flow channel. The infrared temperature sensor is located in the first flow channel for monitoring the temperature of the gas in the first flow channel. The heating wire is located in the first flow channel for heating the gas in the first flow channel. The cooling valve is located between the first flow channel and the storage cavity for controlling the connection state between the first flow channel and the storage cavity. The first controller is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor, the heating wire, and the cooling valve to control the working state of the heating wire and the cooling valve according to the monitoring result of the infrared temperature sensor, so as to heat or cool the gas in the first flow channel. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the first controller.

[0033] Thus, the target temperature of the gas is pre-stored in the first controller. When the gas enters the temperature regulator 41, the infrared temperature sensor measures the temperature by detecting the infrared energy radiated by the gas. Based on the temperature data measured by the infrared temperature sensor and the target temperature, the first controller controls the heating wire or the cooling valve to heat the gas by using the heating wire or to open the cooling valve to allow the coolant in the storage cavity to flow into the first flow channel to cool the gas, until the temperature data measured by the infrared temperature sensor reaches the target temperature.

[0034] It should be noted that, in one embodiment of the present invention, the heating wire is of type 0Cr25Al5, the infrared temperature sensor is of type HygroClip IR-80, and the temperature adjustable range of the temperature regulator 41 is the range of avalanche-carrying gas temperature (-20℃~20℃).

[0035] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The pressure reducer 42 includes a pressure reducing valve 421, a pressure gauge 422, a safety valve 423, and a second controller. The inlet of the pressure reducing valve 421 is connected to the first flow channel, and the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 421 is connected to the dryer 43. The pressure reducing valve 421 is used to reduce the internal gas pressure. The pressure gauge 422 is located at the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 421 and is used to monitor the gas pressure after pressure reduction. The safety valve 423 is located between the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 421 and the pressure gauge 422 and is used to discharge the gas inside the pressure reducing valve 421. The second controller is electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve 421, the pressure gauge 422, and the safety valve 423 and is used to control the working state of the pressure reducing valve 421 and the safety valve 423 according to the monitoring result of the pressure gauge 422. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the second controller.

[0036] Thus, the gas processed by the temperature regulator 41 enters the pressure reducing valve 421 for pressure reduction, and is then detected by the pressure gauge 422 before being discharged from the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 421. When the internal pressure of the pressure reducing valve 421 exceeds the set safety value, the second controller controls the safety valve 423 to open, releasing the excess pressure. The pressure gauge 422 can monitor the actual output gas pressure. In actual avalanches, the movement of snow is not continuously under high pressure, but rather involves pressure release and fluctuation. The pressure reducing device 42 helps to realize this characteristic, making the simulation results closer to reality. The pressure reducing device 42 can precisely adjust the gas pressure within a range of high and low pressure (0~10MPa), facilitating the simulation of avalanches of different scales and types, and ensuring the accuracy of the simulation.

[0037] It should be noted that a pressure gauge 422 can also be installed between the pressure reducing valve 421 and the temperature regulator 41. This allows the pressure of the gas entering the pressure reducing valve 421 to be monitored. Combined with the monitoring results of the pressure gauge 422 located at the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 421, the gas pressure inside the pressure reducing valve 421 can be adjusted quickly and accurately.

[0038] Furthermore, the dryer 43 includes a second housing and a desiccant. The air inlet of the second housing is connected to the air outlet of the pressure reducing valve 421, and the air outlet of the second housing is connected to the air outlet assembly 3. The desiccant is disposed inside the second housing to remove moisture from the gas flowing into the second housing. Thus, avalanches generally occur in high-altitude areas with low temperatures, where snow is typically dry. By adjusting the gas humidity through the dryer 43, the interaction between the snow and the surrounding gas during a real avalanche can be better simulated, meeting the gas requirements in avalanche simulation experiments.

[0039] More specifically, the second shell is made of polypropylene or fluorocarbon material, and the desiccant is silica gel adsorbent. After being treated by the pressure reducer 42, the gas enters the dryer 43, where the moisture in the gas can be adsorbed into the silica gel, thus achieving the drying effect.

[0040] For details, please refer to Figure 1 The monitoring component 5 also includes a gas flow meter 55, which is installed in the first pipe 33 and located between the dryer 43 and the air outlet component 3. It can measure and display the flow speed and flow rate of the gas in real time during the test to ensure the accuracy of the simulation test and provide reliable data support for the research.

[0041] Furthermore, the gas flow rate and velocity can be controlled by the pressure reducing valve 421 in the pressure reducing device 42. Alternatively, a valve can be installed on the first pipeline 33, located between the gas flow meter 55 and the dryer 43, to control the gas flow rate and velocity.

[0042] Specifically, in this invention, the location and number of the first exhaust boxes 31 are designed according to experimental requirements. For more details, please refer to... Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, the snow box 1 has a bottom wall 11 and a rear wall 12 disposed opposite to the snow outlet. The bottom wall 11 and the rear wall 12 are respectively provided with a plurality of first air inlets 1a. There are two first exhaust boxes 31. The output end of one of the two first exhaust boxes 31 abuts against the bottom wall 11 of the snow box 1 corresponding to the first air inlet 1a of the bottom wall 11, and the output end of the other of the two first exhaust boxes 31 abuts against the rear wall 12 corresponding to the first air inlet 1a of the rear wall 12, so that the gas in the first exhaust box 31 flows into the snow box 1. The first pipe 33 is connected to the input end of one of the two first exhaust boxes 31 through a second pipe, and the first pipe 33 is connected to the input end of the other of the two first exhaust boxes 31 through a third pipe.

[0043] Thus, the gas discharged through the first pipe 33 enters the snow box 1 in two directions (upward and forward) and acts on the simulated snow particles 200 to simulate an avalanche scene.

[0044] Of course, the first exhaust box 31 can also be installed on the other two side walls of the snow box 1 to allow the simulated snow particles 200 to act in the other two directions.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this invention, depending on the scale of the experiment, the avalanche dynamics simulation device 100 has sufficient exhaust capacity to discharge a corresponding volume of air per unit time, and meets the requirement that the air be renewed every few minutes under the simulation conditions.

[0046] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 The ramp chute 2 is provided with multiple air outlet zones 21, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the ramp chute 2, and each air outlet zone 21 is provided with multiple second air inlets 2a; multiple second exhaust boxes 32 are provided on the bottom side of the ramp chute 2 and are arranged one-to-one with the multiple air outlet zones 21, so that the gas in each second exhaust box 32 flows to the upper side of the ramp chute 2 through the multiple second air inlets 2a in its corresponding air outlet zone 21; the multiple second exhaust boxes 32 are connected by a fourth pipe 6, and the input end of the fourth pipe 6 is connected to a first exhaust box 31.

[0047] Thus, the gas discharged from the first pipe 33 into the first exhaust box 31 is divided into two parts. One part enters the snow box 1 and interacts with the simulated snow particles 200. The other part is discharged into the second exhaust box 32 through the fourth pipe 6, and then discharged to the upper side of the slope slide 2 through the second air outlet and the second air inlet 2a, so as to interact with the simulated snow particles 200 falling in the avalanche scenario. This simulates the dynamic changes of the entire avalanche process and obtains multi-parameter dynamic information of the entire avalanche process.

[0048] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first pressure sensor 52 and the second pressure sensor 53 are piezoresistive pressure sensors. More specifically, a piezoresistive pressure sensor is a sensor made using the piezoresistive effect of single-crystal silicon material and integrated circuit technology, also known as a diffused silicon pressure sensor. Its measurement principle is as follows: when single-crystal silicon material is subjected to force, the resistivity changes. Through a measuring circuit, measurements and control can be obtained that are proportional to pressure, tension, pressure difference, and changes in force (such as liquid level, acceleration, weight, strain, flow rate, and vacuum). More specifically, when crystalline silicon is subjected to force, the crystal lattice deforms, charge carriers scatter from one energy valley to another, the mobility changes, and the average amount in the longitudinal and transverse directions changes, thereby causing a change in the resistivity of silicon. It should be noted that the change in resistivity varies with the orientation of the crystal.

[0049] Further, please refer to Figure 3The piezoresistive pressure sensor integrates resistance bars 524 onto a single-crystal silicon diaphragm 522 using an integrated process to create a silicon piezoresistive chip. The periphery of this chip is then fixedly encapsulated within a housing, with electrode leads 523 extending outwards. This piezoresistive pressure sensor, also known as a solid-state pressure sensor, differs from adhesive strain gauges, which indirectly sense external force through elastic sensing elements. Instead, it directly senses the measured pressure through the single-crystal silicon diaphragm 522. The housing contains a high-pressure chamber 5211 on one side of the single-crystal silicon diaphragm 522 for communication with the measured pressure, and a low-pressure chamber 5212 on the other side for communication with the atmosphere. Both chambers are designed as peripherally fixed circles with a diameter-to-thickness ratio of approximately 20-60. Within the circular silicon diaphragm, four resistance bars 524 are connected in a full bridge configuration, with two located in the compressive stress region and the other two in the tensile stress region, symmetrically positioned relative to the diaphragm center.

[0050] Further, please refer to Figure 4 The four resistor bars 524 are connected to form a Wheatstone bridge. Due to stress, the resistance value will change. Thus, by inputting a constant voltage or constant current source to the Wheatstone bridge, the four resistor bars 524 will deform due to stress, causing the corresponding output current or voltage to change.

[0051] Specifically, the avalanche dynamics simulation device 100 also includes a support frame, on which the snow box 1 and the ramp 2 are mounted.

[0052] Specifically, the present invention also provides an avalanche simulation test method based on the avalanche dynamics simulation device 100 described above, comprising the following steps: S1: Identify potential avalanche zones as areas to be simulated.

[0053] S2: Collect data on the area to be simulated, and investigate the geological features, snow composition and scale, gas temperature and humidity of the area to be simulated.

[0054] S3: Based on the data and survey results obtained in step S2, set the target gas temperature in the temperature regulator 41, set the target gas pressure in the pressure reducer 42, and set the target gas humidity in the dryer 43.

[0055] In this step, the target gas flow rate and target gas velocity can also be set in the pressure reducing valve 421 of the pressure reducing device 42. Alternatively, the target gas flow rate and target gas velocity can be set in the valve located between the gas flow meter 55 and the dryer 43.

[0056] S4: Based on the data and survey results obtained in step S2, determine the particle composition and size, and prepare simulated snow particles 200 and place them in the snow box 1.

[0057] S5: Number each piezoresistive pressure sensor for later data acquisition and analysis.

[0058] S6: Start the avalanche dynamics simulation device 100 to simulate the dynamic motion characteristics of avalanche under dynamic gas pressure regulation multiple times (3 times or more), collect relevant experimental data, and transmit them to the control processing terminal for processing and analysis to obtain the mechanical characteristics such as snow pressure, shear stress and impact force of each segment during the avalanche process.

[0059] S7: After completing the simulation and analyzing the simulation test data, determine the formation, development and movement process of avalanches in the region, understand the physical mechanism of avalanches, conduct risk assessment, and formulate effective emergency plans.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An avalanche dynamics simulation device, characterized in that, The avalanche dynamics simulation device includes: A snow box containing simulated snow pellets, the snow box having a snow outlet; The ramp slide is positioned at its top corresponding to the snow outlet. The air outlet assembly includes multiple first exhaust boxes and multiple second exhaust boxes. The input ends of the first exhaust boxes and the second exhaust boxes are both connected to an air source through a first pipe. The first exhaust boxes are located on the side wall of the snow box, and the output ends of the first exhaust boxes are connected to the snow box for discharging gas into the snow box. The second exhaust boxes are located on the bottom side of the ramp, and the output ends of the second exhaust boxes are connected to the ramp for discharging gas to the upper side of the ramp. An air handling unit, disposed in the first duct and located between the air source and the air outlet assembly, includes a temperature regulator, a pressure reducer, and a dryer. The temperature regulator is used to regulate the temperature of the gas in the first duct, the pressure reducer is used to regulate the pressure of the gas in the first duct, and the dryer is used to remove moisture from the gas in the first duct. The monitoring component includes a control processing terminal, multiple first pressure sensors, and multiple second pressure sensors. The first pressure sensors are located inside the snow box, and the second pressure sensors are located on the ramp. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the air processing component, the first pressure sensors, and the second pressure sensors.

2. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet of the temperature regulator is connected to the air source, the air outlet of the dryer is connected to the air outlet assembly, and the pressure reducer is located between the temperature regulator and the dryer.

3. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring component further includes a temperature and humidity monitor, which is disposed in the first pipe and located between the dryer and the air outlet component. The temperature and humidity monitor includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the gas output from the air outlet of the dryer, and the humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity of the gas output from the air outlet of the dryer. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

4. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature regulator includes: The first housing has a first flow channel and a storage cavity inside. One end of the first flow channel is the air inlet of the temperature regulator and is connected to the air source. The other end of the first flow channel is connected to the pressure reducer. The storage cavity is located beside the first flow channel and is connected to the first flow channel. The storage cavity contains a coolant for cooling the gas in the first flow channel. An infrared temperature sensor is installed in the first flow channel to monitor the temperature of the gas in the first flow channel; A heating wire is disposed in the first flow channel and is used to heat the gas in the first flow channel; A cooling valve, located between the first flow channel and the storage cavity, is used to control the connection state between the first flow channel and the storage cavity; and... The first controller is electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor, the heating wire, and the cooling valve to control the working state of the heating wire and the cooling valve according to the monitoring result of the infrared temperature sensor, so as to heat or cool the gas in the first flow channel. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the first controller.

5. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The pressure reducer includes: A pressure reducing valve, wherein the inlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the first flow channel and the outlet end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the dryer, and the pressure reducing valve is used to reduce the internal gas pressure; A pressure gauge is installed at the outlet of the pressure reducing valve to monitor the gas pressure after pressure reduction. A safety valve, located between the outlet of the pressure reducing valve and the pressure gauge, is used to discharge gas from the pressure reducing valve; and, The second controller is electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve, the pressure gauge, and the safety valve, and is used to control the working state of the pressure reducing valve and the safety valve according to the monitoring result of the pressure gauge. The control processing terminal is electrically connected to the second controller.

6. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The dryer includes: A second housing, the air inlet of which is connected to the air outlet of the pressure reducing valve, and the air outlet of which is connected to the air outlet assembly; and, A desiccant, disposed inside the second housing, is used to remove moisture from the gas flowing into the second housing.

7. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring component also includes a gas flow meter, which is installed in the first pipe and located between the dryer and the air outlet component.

8. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The snow box has a bottom wall and a rear wall opposite to the snow outlet, and the bottom wall and the rear wall are respectively provided with a plurality of first air inlets; There are two first exhaust boxes. The output end of one of the two first exhaust boxes is connected to the bottom wall of the snow box through the first air inlet corresponding to the bottom wall. The output end of the other one of the two first exhaust boxes is connected to the rear wall through the first air inlet corresponding to the rear wall, so that the gas in the first exhaust box flows into the snow box. The first pipe is connected to the input end of one of the two first exhaust boxes via a second pipe, and the first pipe is connected to the input end of the other of the two first exhaust boxes via a third pipe.

9. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The ramp slide is provided with multiple air outlet areas, which are distributed at intervals along the extension direction of the ramp slide, and each air outlet area is provided with multiple second air inlets. Multiple second exhaust boxes are located on the bottom side of the ramp slide and are arranged one-to-one with multiple air outlet areas, so that the gas in each second exhaust box flows to the upper side of the ramp slide through multiple second air inlets in its corresponding air outlet area. Multiple second-row air boxes are connected through a fourth pipe, and the input end of the fourth pipe is connected to a first-row air box.

10. The avalanche dynamics simulation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are both piezoresistive pressure sensors.

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