Energy asset token coin model based on block chain

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to an energy asset token coin model based on a block chain, which comprises an asset chaining unit, a Byzantine fault-tolerant grading coin unit, an intelligent contract execution unit, a data storage and verification unit and an on-chain incentive supervision unit. According to the invention, the privacy protection type credible uplink of the entity energy asset state is realized through Internet of Things acquisition, zero-knowledge proof and a decentralized oracle network, and efficient and fair coin-based authority management is realized according to a hierarchical consensus architecture, dynamic committee election and a differentiated authority distribution mechanism. The efficiency, the safety and the fairness of the coin casting process are guaranteed, a credible and ordered foundation is laid for subsequent intelligent contract execution, data evidence storage and incentive supervision, and compliance and efficient operation of the energy asset token coin process are jointly promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, specifically to a blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model. Background Technology

[0002] With the deep integration of the digital economy and the energy industry, energy asset tokenization has become an important direction for promoting the efficient allocation of energy resources. By converting the value and rights of physical energy assets (such as photovoltaic power plants and energy storage equipment) into on-chain tokens, fragmented trading, cross-regional circulation, and efficient management of assets can be achieved. Blockchain technology, as the core underlying technology supporting this model, is essentially a distributed ledger technology with decentralized, immutable, transparent, and traceable characteristics. It consists of a set of "blocks" maintained by multiple nodes and linked chronologically. Each block contains transaction or data records within a specific time period and is also linked to the previous block through a cryptographic hash algorithm, forming an interlocking chain structure. This ensures that once data is written, it cannot be unilaterally tampered with, and all nodes can synchronize ledger information, achieving trusted collaboration without relying on a central institution. Theoretically, blockchain technology can provide trusted data storage, decentralized collaboration mechanisms, and a secure trading environment for energy asset tokenization, making it an ideal technical solution to the "lack of trust" problem in the process of energy asset digitization. However, in existing technologies, the data of physical energy assets is prone to privacy leaks and lacks credibility when it is put on the blockchain. In addition, the tokenization and minting process of energy assets is inefficient, insecure, and unfair in the allocation of permissions, making it difficult to balance compliance and efficiency in the tokenization process of energy assets.

[0003] Based on this, the present invention provides a blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model to solve the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model. This invention achieves privacy-preserving and trustworthy on-chain recording of the status of physical energy assets through IoT data collection, zero-knowledge proofs, and decentralized oracle networks. Furthermore, it achieves efficient and fair minting permission management based on a layered consensus architecture, dynamic committee election, and differentiated permission allocation mechanism, ensuring the efficiency, security, and fairness of the minting process. This lays a trustworthy and orderly foundation for subsequent smart contract execution, data storage, and incentive supervision, jointly promoting the compliant and efficient operation of the energy asset tokenization process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model, comprising an asset on-chain unit, a Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit, a smart contract execution unit, a data storage and verification unit, and an on-chain incentive and supervision unit, wherein: The asset on-chain unit is used to collect operational data of physical energy assets through IoT devices, and combine lightweight zero-knowledge proofs with decentralized oracle networks to generate and upload verifiable state validity proofs on the blockchain. The Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit: Based on the hierarchical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus architecture and the asset weight-driven dynamic committee election mechanism, it performs hierarchical collaborative verification of the energy asset status collected by the asset on-chain unit, and allocates token minting permissions according to the asset contribution. The smart contract execution unit: based on the token minting permission allocation result of the Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit, automatically executes the issuance, transaction settlement and rights allocation of tokens through preset programmable business logic; The data storage and verification unit is used to securely store and verify key data of token transactions and asset information in real time using a distributed storage architecture, combined with hash algorithms and Merkle tree structures. The on-chain incentive supervision unit is used to establish a token-based node incentive mechanism and build a dynamic supervision system to monitor abnormal behavior in real time and trigger early warnings through on-chain data analysis.

[0006] The asset on-chain unit includes an IoT data acquisition module, a trusted proof module, and a data bridging module, wherein: The IoT data acquisition module is used to collect asset operation data such as power generation, charging and discharging power, and equipment operating status in real time through IoT devices deployed on physical energy assets. The trusted proof module is used to combine lightweight zero-knowledge proof technology to generate verifiable proofs of state validity. The data bridging module is used to transmit and store off-chain generated trusted proofs on the blockchain via a decentralized oracle network.

[0007] The trusted proof module incorporates lightweight zero-knowledge proof technology to generate verifiable proofs of state validity. The specific operations are as follows: A1: Use the asset operation data of power generation, charging and discharging power and equipment operating status obtained by the IoT data acquisition module as private input, and use the Merkle root generated when the asset is registered on the chain as public input to construct an arithmetic circuit for verifying that the asset operation data meets the preset physical constraints. A2: Based on arithmetic circuits, a zero-knowledge concise non-interactive knowledge proof protocol is used to generate state validity proofs whose length is independent of the input size; A3: Encapsulate the state validity proof and public input together into a "proof-input" data packet, and transmit it to the blockchain through the data bridging module, so that the verification node can perform integrity verification without needing the original data.

[0008] The data bridging module transmits and stores off-chain trusted proofs on the blockchain via a decentralized oracle network. The specific operations are as follows: B1: Distribute the state validity proof generated off-chain by the trusted proof module to a decentralized oracle network consisting of multiple independent operating nodes; B2: Each oracle node performs local verification of the state validity proof and submits a response containing a digital signature after the verification is successful; B3: When a number of consistent responses from oracle nodes are received that are no less than a preset threshold, aggregate the valid responses and generate an oracle consensus result; B4: Submit the oracle consensus result to the blockchain smart contract for trusted proof and on-chain storage.

[0009] The Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit includes a consensus network layering module, a dynamic committee election module, and a contribution measurement and permission allocation module, wherein: The consensus network layering module is used to construct a layered Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus architecture based on the energy network topology, and to perform splitting and parallel processing of verification tasks. The dynamic committee election module: Based on the contribution index of asset weight, it dynamically elects a consensus committee responsible for verification and minting decisions; The contribution measurement and permission allocation module is used to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of on-chain energy assets and allocate corresponding token minting permissions accordingly.

[0010] The dynamic committee election module dynamically elects a consensus committee responsible for verification and minting decisions based on the contribution index of asset weights. The specific operation is as follows: C1: Obtain the scale of on-chain energy assets associated with each participating node, historical records of valid minting behavior, and the number of staked tokens; C2: Based on the size of energy assets, historical behavior records, and the amount of collateral, preset weighting coefficients are assigned to calculate the comprehensive contribution score of each node. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, Let i be the size of the energy assets. Score the historical behavior of node i. Let be the number of tokens staked by node i. For normalization function, , , These are the weighting coefficients for energy asset size, historical behavior score, and the number of staked tokens, respectively. ; C3: Sort all nodes in descending order based on their comprehensive contribution scores, and select the top K nodes with the highest scores to form the consensus committee for the current consensus cycle, where K is the minimum number of nodes required to meet the hierarchical Byzantine fault tolerance safety threshold. C4: Repeat steps C1 to C3 at the beginning of each consensus cycle to dynamically update the consensus committee.

[0011] The contribution measurement and permission allocation module quantifies and evaluates the contribution of on-chain energy assets and allocates corresponding token minting permissions accordingly. The specific operation is as follows: D1: Receive the comprehensive contribution score of each node output by the dynamic committee election module; D2: Based on the comprehensive contribution score, determine the upper limit of the number of tokens that each node can mint in the current consensus cycle according to the preset non-linear mapping rules; D3: The maximum number of tokens is used as a token minting authority certificate. By submitting this certificate to the smart contract, the corresponding node is authorized to perform token generation operations, and the actual amount minted by any node in this period shall not exceed its authority limit.

[0012] The smart contract execution unit includes a minting logic module, a transaction clearing and settlement module, and a rights allocation module, wherein: The minting logic module is used to automatically generate and issue tokens in response to the minting permission allocation result. The transaction clearing and settlement module is used to automatically complete peer-to-peer transaction matching and fund clearing of tokenized energy assets on the blockchain. The rights and interests allocation module is used to automatically and accurately allocate profits or dividends to relevant rights and interests parties according to preset rules.

[0013] The data storage and verification unit includes a distributed data storage module, a data fingerprint generation module, and an integrity verification module, wherein: The distributed data storage module is used to store key data such as token transaction records, energy asset on-chain information, and state validity proofs in a distributed manner across various nodes using a blockchain distributed storage architecture. The data fingerprint generation module is used to generate a unique fingerprint for the data using a hash algorithm and organize it into a Merkle tree structure. The integrity verification module allows any node to perform fast and lightweight verification of the integrity and authenticity of specific data via the Merkel path.

[0014] The on-chain incentive supervision unit includes a token incentive module, a behavior analysis module, and a compliance enforcement module, wherein: The token incentive module is used to incentivize nodes to honestly participate in network consensus and data maintenance through token rewards and transaction fee dividends. The behavior analysis module is used to identify and monitor potential malicious or abnormal behavior patterns by analyzing on-chain transaction data in real time. The compliance execution module is used to automatically trigger warnings and execute predefined penalty measures when abnormal behavior is detected.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention achieves privacy-preserving and trustworthy on-chain recording of the status of physical energy assets through IoT data collection, zero-knowledge proofs, and decentralized oracle networks. It also achieves efficient and fair management of minting permissions based on a layered consensus architecture, dynamic committee election, and differentiated permission allocation mechanism, ensuring the efficiency, security, and fairness of the minting process. This lays a trustworthy and orderly foundation for subsequent smart contract execution, data storage, and incentive supervision, jointly promoting the compliant and efficient operation of the energy asset tokenization process. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a system diagram of a blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the on-chain incentive and regulatory process in a blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Asset On-Chain Unit; 11. IoT Data Acquisition Module; 12. Trusted Proof Module; 13. Data Bridging Module; 2. Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Hierarchical Minting Unit; 21. Consensus Network Layering Module; 22. Dynamic Committee Election Module; 23. Contribution Measurement and Permission Allocation Module; 3. Smart Contract Execution Unit; 31. Minting Logic Module; 32. Transaction Clearing and Settlement Module; 33. Rights Allocation Module; 4. Data Storage and Verification Unit; 41. Distributed Data Storage Module; 42. Data Fingerprint Generation Module; 43. Integrity Verification Module; 5. On-Chain Incentive Supervision Unit; 51. Token Incentive Module; 52. Behavioral Analysis Module; 53. Compliance Execution Module. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example: like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model, including an asset on-chain unit 1, a Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit 2, a smart contract execution unit 3, a data storage and verification unit 4, and an on-chain incentive and supervision unit 5. Specifically: the asset on-chain unit 1 is used to collect operational data of physical energy assets through IoT devices and, combined with lightweight zero-knowledge proofs and a decentralized oracle network, generate and upload verifiable state validity proofs on the blockchain; the Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit 2, based on a hierarchical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus architecture and an asset weight-driven dynamic committee election mechanism, verifies the state validity of the energy assets collected by the asset on-chain unit 1. The system performs hierarchical collaborative verification and allocates token minting permissions according to asset contribution. The smart contract execution unit 3, based on the token minting permission allocation results from the Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit 2, automatically executes token issuance, transaction clearing, and equity allocation through preset programmable business logic. The data storage and verification unit 4, using a distributed storage architecture combined with hash algorithms and Merkle tree structures, securely stores and verifies key data related to token transactions and asset information in real time. The on-chain incentive and supervision unit 5, used to establish a token-based node incentive mechanism and build a dynamic supervision system, monitoring abnormal behavior in real time and triggering early warnings through on-chain data analysis.

[0021] It should be noted that the asset on-chain unit 1 reliably maps the status of physical energy assets onto the chain, the Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit 2 performs hierarchical consensus verification based on this status and allocates minting permissions according to contribution, the smart contract execution unit 3 automatically executes token issuance, trading and rights distribution accordingly, the data storage and verification unit 4 securely stores and ensures the integrity of key data throughout the process, and the on-chain incentive and supervision unit 5 achieves the autonomous operation and dynamic compliance governance of the system through incentive mechanisms and behavior monitoring.

[0022] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the asset on-chain unit 1 includes an IoT data acquisition module 11, a trusted proof module 12, and a data bridging module 13, wherein: the IoT data acquisition module 11 is used to collect asset operation data such as power generation, charging and discharging power, and equipment operating conditions in real time through IoT devices deployed on physical energy assets; the trusted proof module 12 is used to generate verifiable state validity proofs by combining lightweight zero-knowledge proof technology; the specific operation is as follows: A1: The asset operation data of power generation, charging and discharging power, and equipment operating conditions obtained by the IoT data acquisition module 11 is used as private input, and the Merkle root generated when the asset is registered on the chain is used as public input to construct an arithmetic circuit for verifying that the asset operation data meets the preset physical constraints; A2: Based on the arithmetic circuit, a zero-knowledge concise non-interactive knowledge proof protocol is used to generate a state validity proof whose length is independent of the input size; A3: The state validity proof and the public input are encapsulated together into a "proof-input" data packet, which is transmitted to the blockchain through the data bridging module 13 for the verification node to perform integrity verification without the need for the original data. Data Bridge Module 13: Used to transmit and store on-chain trusted proofs generated off-chain via a decentralized oracle network. The specific operations are as follows: B1: Distribute the state validity proof generated off-chain by the trusted proof module 12 to a decentralized oracle network composed of multiple independently operating nodes; B2: Each oracle node performs local verification of the state validity proof and submits a response containing a digital signature after successful verification; B3: When at least a preset threshold of consistent responses from oracle nodes is received, aggregate the valid responses and generate an oracle consensus result; B4: Submit the oracle consensus result to the blockchain smart contract for on-chain storage of the trusted proof.

[0023] It should be noted that the IoT data acquisition module 11 acquires energy asset operation data in real time, the trusted proof module 12 constructs a zero-knowledge state validity proof based on the data to protect privacy and ensure compliance, and the data bridging module 13 relies on a decentralized oracle network to perform multi-node verification and consensus aggregation of the proof. Finally, the trusted proof confirmed by consensus is securely and tamper-resistantly stored on the blockchain, realizing a privacy-protected digital anchoring of the energy asset state.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be noted that the "preset physical constraints" in A1 specifically refer to the following: the power generation must be within the theoretical power generation range corresponding to the rated power of the equipment (e.g., the hourly power generation of a 10kW photovoltaic inverter must be within the range of 0-10kWh); the charging and discharging power must comply with the charging and discharging rate limits of energy storage equipment (e.g., the single charging and discharging power of a 2C energy storage battery must not exceed twice the battery capacity); and the equipment operating parameters (e.g., temperature and voltage) must be within the industry's safe operating threshold (e.g., the inverter's operating temperature must be between -25℃ and 60℃). When constructing the arithmetic circuit, the above constraints must be converted into mathematical logic gates: for example, a "power generation constraint gate"—when the input private power generation data is within the theoretical range, the circuit outputs "1"; otherwise, it outputs "0," ensuring that only compliant data can generate valid proofs.

[0025] Nodes in the decentralized oracle network in B1 must meet "dual admission conditions": ① possess energy industry qualifications (such as power grid companies or third-party energy monitoring agencies); ② stake 100,000 model tokens (as collateral for malicious actions; if a node maliciously submits false verification results, the staked tokens will be deducted). The number of network nodes is fixed at 15 (to ensure a balance between decentralization and consensus efficiency).

[0026] In B2, "local verification" specifically includes two steps: ① verifying whether the format of the state validity proof conforms to the Groth16 protocol specification; ② calling the preset verification algorithm, inputting the proof and common input (Merkelgen), and if the algorithm outputs "accept", the verification is successful. The node needs to use its own private key to sign the verification result and generate an immutable response.

[0027] In B3, the "preset threshold number" is 10 (that is, no less than 10 nodes out of 15 nodes submit a consistent response, satisfying the security threshold of "more than 2 / 3 of the nodes consensus").

[0028] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit 2 includes a consensus network layering module 21, a dynamic committee election module 22, and a contribution measurement and permission allocation module 23, wherein: the consensus network layering module 21 is used to construct a layered Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus architecture based on the energy network topology, and to perform splitting and parallel processing of verification tasks; the dynamic committee election module 22 dynamically elects a consensus committee responsible for verification and minting decisions based on the contribution index of asset weights; the specific operations are as follows: C1: Obtain the scale of on-chain energy assets associated with each participating node, historical effective minting behavior records, and the number of staked tokens; C2: Based on the scale of energy assets, historical behavior records, and the number of staked tokens, assign preset weight coefficients to each node and calculate the comprehensive contribution score of each node. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, Let i be the size of the energy assets. Score the historical behavior of node i. Let be the number of tokens staked by node i. For normalization function, , , These are the weighting coefficients for energy asset size, historical behavior score, and the number of staked tokens, respectively. C3: Sort nodes in descending order based on their comprehensive contribution scores, and select the top K nodes with the highest scores to form the consensus committee for the current consensus cycle, where K is the minimum number of nodes required to meet the hierarchical Byzantine fault tolerance threshold; C4: Repeat steps C1 to C3 at the beginning of each consensus cycle to dynamically update the consensus committee. Contribution Measurement and Permission Allocation Module 23: Used to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of on-chain energy assets and allocate corresponding token minting permissions accordingly. The specific operation is as follows: D1: Receive the comprehensive contribution scores of each node output by the dynamic committee election module 22; D2: Based on the comprehensive contribution scores, determine the upper limit of the number of tokens that each node can mint in the current consensus cycle according to the preset nonlinear mapping rules; D3: Use the upper limit of the number of tokens as a token minting permission certificate, and authorize the corresponding node to perform token generation operations by submitting the certificate to the smart contract, and the actual minting amount of any node in the cycle shall not exceed its permission limit.

[0029] It should be noted that the consensus network layering module 21 establishes a layered BFT architecture based on the energy network topology to improve verification efficiency. The dynamic committee election module 22 quantifies the node contribution based on asset size, historical behavior and staking status, and dynamically selects high-reputation nodes to form a consensus committee. The contribution measurement and permission allocation module 23 scores the contribution and allocates differentiated minting permissions through non-linear mapping rules, and uses the upper limit of permissions as an on-chain execution certificate.

[0030] Furthermore, it should be noted that in C1, "Scale of On-Chain Energy Assets" refers to the cumulative installed capacity of assets associated with the node; "Historical Valid Minting Records" are calculated based on the number of historical minting attempts and the compliance rate (historical behavior score). = Number of compliant coins minted / Total number of coins minted, with a value range of 0-1. If the total number of coins minted is 0, then... =0.5); "Staking Tokens" refers to the number of tokens currently locked in the smart contract by the node. In C2 ; ; In C3, the calculation rule for the "K value" is clearly defined as: K = 3f + 1 (where f is the maximum number of fault-tolerant nodes, f = 3, therefore K = 10). This means that regardless of the total number of nodes in the network, the consensus committee size is fixed at 10 (meeting the Byzantine fault-tolerant safety threshold of "tolerating a maximum of 3 malicious nodes"). If there are duplicate nodes among the top 10 nodes with the highest scores (e.g., the same entity controlling multiple nodes), the duplicate nodes with lower rankings are removed, and replacements are selected from the subsequent nodes to ensure the independence of the committee nodes. In C4, the "consensus cycle" is fixed at 14 days. The election process is automatically triggered at 0:00 on the first day of each cycle. The election results must be publicized on the blockchain for 72 hours. During the publicity period, nodes can submit objections (with supporting evidence, such as falsified asset size data of a node). If an objection is verified by more than 5 existing committee nodes, the node's overall contribution score is recalculated, and the election is re-ranked.

[0031] The specific rules of the "preset nonlinear mapping rule" in D2 are as follows: ① When When the value is ≥0.8, the maximum number of coins to be minted is increased. (Single node has the highest authority, avoiding centralized authority); ② When 0.5 ≤ When <0.8, the maximum number of coins to be minted is [not specified]. (Linearly increasing, balancing the difference in contribution); ③ When 0.2≤ When <0.5, the maximum number of coins to be minted is... (Basic permissions, ensuring participation rights for low-contribution nodes); ④ When When <0.2, (No minting authority, filtering inefficient nodes); The "total token minting quota T" is determined by the on-chain governance node every quarter, and the calculation basis is: T = total installed capacity of all on-chain energy assets × 1000.

[0032] In D3, the "Minting Permission Certificate" is an on-chain generated NFT certificate (containing node identifier and permission limit). (Consensus cycle) When a node submits a certificate to the smart contract, it must simultaneously submit a minting application (including the proposed minting quantity). The smart contract first verifies the validity of the certificate (e.g., whether the certificate is within its validity period, whether the node identifier matches), and then compares the proposed minting quantity with... If the number of coins to be minted is ≤ If so, minting coins is permitted; otherwise, the application is rejected.

[0033] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the smart contract execution unit 3 includes a minting logic module 31, a transaction clearing and settlement module 32, and a rights allocation module 33, wherein: the minting logic module 31 is used to automatically generate and issue tokens in response to the minting permission allocation result; the transaction clearing and settlement module 32 is used to automatically complete peer-to-peer transaction matching and fund clearing of tokenized energy assets on the chain; and the rights allocation module 33 is used to automatically and accurately allocate the income or dividends to the relevant rights holders according to preset rules.

[0034] It should be noted that the minting logic module 31 triggers token generation and initial issuance based on the permission allocation results, the transaction clearing and settlement module 32 realizes on-chain peer-to-peer matching and real-time clearing of tokenized energy assets, and the equity distribution module 33 further automatically and accurately distributes transaction revenue, power generation dividends, etc. to the relevant parties according to preset rules.

[0035] Furthermore, it should be noted that the "preset rules" in the rights and interests distribution module 33 are specifically divided into two categories: ① Transaction revenue distribution: The transaction fees generated from the trading of tokenized energy assets (0.5% of the transaction amount) are distributed in a "7:2:1" ratio—70% is allocated to the consensus committee nodes (based on node contribution scores). ① Proportional Allocation: 20% is allocated to data storage nodes (based on the proportion of stored data), and 10% is transferred to the model operation and maintenance fund (for system upgrades); ② Power Generation Dividend Allocation: The power generation revenue of on-chain energy assets (such as the electricity sales revenue of photovoltaic power plants) is allocated according to the asset equity share held by the nodes, using the following formula: ; The equity is determined by the installed capacity and on-chain time of the node's associated assets (the larger the installed capacity and the longer the on-chain time, the higher the equity). Dividends are automatically distributed once a month, and the smart contract directly transfers the earnings to the node wallet.

[0036] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the data storage and verification unit 4 includes a distributed data storage module 41, a data fingerprint generation module 42, and an integrity verification module 43, wherein: the distributed data storage module 41 is used to adopt a blockchain distributed storage architecture to disperse and store key data such as token transaction records, energy asset on-chain information, and state validity proofs across various nodes; the data fingerprint generation module 42 is used to generate unique fingerprints for data using a hash algorithm and organize them into a Merkle tree structure; the integrity verification module 43 is used to allow any node to perform fast and lightweight verification of the integrity and authenticity of specific data through a Merkle path.

[0037] It should be noted that the distributed data storage module 41 disperses key data such as token transactions, asset information, and state proofs across network nodes. The data fingerprint generation module 42 uses a hash algorithm to generate unique fingerprints for these data and organizes them into a Merkle tree structure. The integrity verification module 43, based on this structure, enables any node to quickly verify the authenticity and integrity of specific data through a lightweight Merkle path, thereby ensuring decentralized storage while achieving efficient and reliable data auditing and anti-tampering capabilities.

[0038] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the on-chain incentive supervision unit 5 includes a token incentive module 51, a behavior analysis module 52, and a compliance execution module 53, wherein: the token incentive module 51 is used to incentivize nodes to honestly participate in network consensus and data maintenance through token rewards and transaction fee dividends; the behavior analysis module 52 is used to identify and monitor potential malicious or abnormal behavior patterns by analyzing on-chain transaction data in real time; and the compliance execution module 53 is used to automatically trigger warnings and execute predefined penalty measures when abnormal behavior is detected.

[0039] It should be noted that the token incentive module 51 guides nodes to honestly participate in consensus and data maintenance through economic incentives, the behavior analysis module 52 monitors on-chain activities in real time to identify abnormal or malicious behavior patterns, and the compliance execution module 53 automatically triggers warnings and executes preset penalty measures when violations are detected, achieving a dynamic balance between positive incentives and negative constraints, and ensuring the security, fairness and long-term sustainable operation of the system.

[0040] Furthermore, it should be noted that the specific rules for "Token Rewards and Fee Sharing" in Module 51 of the Token Incentive section are as follows: ① Consensus Node Rewards: Each consensus committee node will receive 10 tokens as a reward for each successful minting verification. If the verification result is confirmed as correct by subsequent nodes, an additional 5 tokens will be awarded. Rewards are settled daily. ② Data maintenance reward: Data storage nodes receive rewards based on the amount of data stored, according to the following formula: ; Rewards are settled monthly, while rewards for invalid data (such as duplicate data) are deducted. ③ Fee Sharing: 50% of the token transaction fees are awarded based on node contribution. The profits are distributed proportionally to all participating nodes, with dividends paid out monthly.

[0041] The "predefined penalty measures" in Compliance Execution Module 53 specifically include: Minor violations (such as delayed node submission response, occasional data verification errors): deduct 5% of staked tokens and suspend node participation rights for 3 days; Major violations (such as nodes submitting false verification results, maliciously tampering with minting permission certificates): deduct 100% of staked tokens, permanently ban the node account, and write the violating node information into the on-chain blacklist; Excessive minting attempts: terminate minting operations, deduct 20% of the node's staked tokens, and cancel its minting permissions in the next consensus cycle; When an alert is triggered, an alert message (including the violating node identifier, description of the violation, and penalty measures) must be pushed to all nodes to ensure that all nodes on the network are aware of it.

[0042] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0043] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model, characterized in that, It includes an asset on-chain unit (1), a Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit (2), a smart contract execution unit (3), a data storage and verification unit (4), and an on-chain incentive supervision unit (5), wherein: The asset on-chain unit (1) is used to collect the operation data of physical energy assets through IoT devices, and combine lightweight zero-knowledge proofs and decentralized oracle networks to generate and upload verifiable state validity proofs on the chain. The Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit (2) is based on a hierarchical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus architecture and an asset weight-driven dynamic committee election mechanism. It performs hierarchical collaborative verification of the energy asset status collected by the asset on-chain unit (1) and allocates token minting permissions according to asset contribution. The smart contract execution unit (3) automatically executes the issuance, transaction settlement and rights allocation of tokens based on the token minting permission allocation result of the Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit (2) through preset programmable business logic. The data storage and verification unit (4) is used to securely store and verify key data of token transactions and asset information in real time using a distributed storage architecture, combined with hash algorithms and Merkle tree structures. The on-chain incentive supervision unit (5) is used to establish a token-based node incentive mechanism and build a dynamic supervision system to monitor abnormal behavior in real time and trigger early warnings through on-chain data analysis.

2. The blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The asset on-chain unit (1) includes an IoT data acquisition module (11), a trusted proof module (12), and a data bridging module (13), wherein: The IoT data acquisition module (11) is used to collect asset operation data such as power generation, charging and discharging power, and equipment operating conditions in real time through IoT devices deployed on physical energy assets. The trusted proof module (12) is used to combine lightweight zero-knowledge proof technology to generate verifiable proof of state validity. The data bridging module (13) is used to transmit the trusted proof generated off-chain through the decentralized oracle network and store it on the chain.

3. The blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The trusted proof module (12) combines lightweight zero-knowledge proof technology to generate verifiable proof of state validity. The specific operation is as follows: A1: The asset operation data of power generation, charging and discharging power and equipment operating conditions obtained by the IoT data acquisition module (11) are used as private inputs, and the Merkle root generated when the asset is registered on the chain is used as public inputs to construct an arithmetic circuit for verifying that the asset operation data meets the preset physical constraints. A2: Based on arithmetic circuits, a zero-knowledge concise non-interactive knowledge proof protocol is used to generate state validity proofs whose length is independent of the input size; A3: The state validity proof and the public input are encapsulated together as a "proof-input" data packet and transmitted to the blockchain through the data bridging module (13) for the verification node to perform integrity verification without the need for the original data.

4. The blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data bridging module (13) transmits the trusted proof generated off-chain and stores it on-chain through a decentralized oracle network. The specific operation is as follows: B1: Distribute the state validity proof generated off-chain by the trusted proof module (12) to a decentralized oracle network consisting of multiple independent operating nodes; B2: Each oracle node performs local verification of the state validity proof and submits a response containing a digital signature after the verification is successful; B3: When a number of consistent responses from oracle nodes are received that are no less than a preset threshold, aggregate the valid responses and generate an oracle consensus result; B4: Submit the oracle consensus result to the blockchain smart contract for trusted proof and on-chain storage.

5. The blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Byzantine fault-tolerant hierarchical minting unit (2) includes a consensus network layering module (21), a dynamic committee election module (22), and a contribution measurement and permission allocation module (23), wherein: The consensus network layering module (21) is used to construct a layered Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus architecture based on the energy network topology and to perform splitting and parallel processing of verification tasks. The dynamic committee election module (22) dynamically elects a consensus committee responsible for verification and minting decisions based on the contribution index of asset weights. The contribution measurement and permission allocation module (23) is used to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of on-chain energy assets and allocate corresponding token minting permissions accordingly.

6. The blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dynamic committee election module (22) dynamically elects a consensus committee responsible for verification and minting decisions based on the contribution index of asset weights. The specific operation is as follows: C1: Obtain the scale of on-chain energy assets associated with each participating node, historical records of valid minting activities, and the number of staked tokens; C2: Based on the size of energy assets, historical behavior records, and the amount of collateral, preset weight coefficients are assigned to calculate the comprehensive contribution score of each node. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； In the formula, Let i be the size of the energy assets. Score the historical behavior of node i. Let be the number of tokens staked by node i. For normalization function, , , These are the weighting coefficients for energy asset size, historical behavior score, and the number of staked tokens, respectively. ; C3: Sort all nodes in descending order based on their comprehensive contribution scores, and select the top K nodes with the highest scores to form the consensus committee for the current consensus cycle, where K is the minimum number of nodes required to meet the hierarchical Byzantine fault tolerance safety threshold. C4: Repeat steps C1 to C3 at the beginning of each consensus cycle to dynamically update the consensus committee.

7. A blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 5, characterized in that, The contribution measurement and permission allocation module (23) quantifies and evaluates the contribution of on-chain energy assets and allocates corresponding token minting permissions accordingly. The specific operation is as follows: D1: Receive the comprehensive contribution score of each node output by the dynamic committee election module (22); D2: Based on the comprehensive contribution score, determine the upper limit of the number of tokens that each node can mint in the current consensus cycle according to the preset non-linear mapping rules; D3: The maximum number of tokens is used as a token minting authority certificate. By submitting this certificate to the smart contract, the corresponding node is authorized to perform the token generation operation, and the actual minting amount of any node in this period shall not exceed its authority limit.

8. The blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smart contract execution unit (3) includes a minting logic module (31), a transaction clearing and settlement module (32), and a rights allocation module (33), wherein: The minting logic module (31) is used to respond to the minting permission allocation result and automatically execute the generation and issuance of tokens; The transaction clearing and settlement module (32) is used to automatically complete peer-to-peer transaction matching and fund clearing of tokenized energy assets on the chain; The rights and interests allocation module (33) is used to automatically and accurately allocate income or dividends to relevant rights and interests parties according to preset rules.

9. A blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data storage and verification unit (4) includes a distributed data storage module (41), a data fingerprint generation module (42), and an integrity verification module (43), wherein: The distributed data storage module (41) is used to use a blockchain distributed storage architecture to disperse and store key data such as token transaction records, energy asset on-chain information, and state validity proofs on various nodes. The data fingerprint generation module (42) is used to generate a unique fingerprint for the data using a hash algorithm and organize it into a Merkle tree structure. The integrity verification module (43) is used to allow any node to perform fast and lightweight verification of the integrity and authenticity of specific data through the Merkel path.

10. A blockchain-based energy asset tokenization minting model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The on-chain incentive supervision unit (5) includes a token incentive module (51), a behavior analysis module (52), and a compliance execution module (53), wherein: The token incentive module (51) is used to incentivize nodes to honestly participate in network consensus and data maintenance through token rewards and transaction fee dividends. The behavior analysis module (52) is used to identify and monitor potential malicious or abnormal behavior patterns by analyzing on-chain transaction data in real time. The compliance execution module (53) is used to automatically trigger an alert and execute predefined penalty measures when abnormal behavior is detected.

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