Monostable rotating electromagnet

Abstract

The monostable rotating electromagnet comprises a rear end cover, a shell assembly, an armature assembly and a front end cover, the shell assembly comprises a shell, the shell is a hollow cylinder, four static iron cores and four pole shoes are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of an inner cavity of the shell in a pairwise opposite mode, each static iron core is wound with a coil, and the armature assembly is arranged on the front end cover. The pole shoe surrounds a circular ring which is coaxial with the coil, the rear end cover and the front end cover are respectively fixed at two ends of the shell assembly, and the armature assembly is supported in the center of the shell assembly through the rear end cover and the front end cover. Through the attraction / repulsion synergistic effect of the electromagnetic field generated by the four magnetic poles and the permanent magnetic field, the limited space is utilized to the maximum extent to achieve energy conversion, and the energy efficiency is improved. Permanent magnet reset is realized by utilizing a pole shoe magnetic resistance differentiation design, and a reset spring is not needed; the internal structure is simplified by the reuse design of the positioning pin, the space utilization rate is improved, and miniaturization and light weight of products are facilitated. The integrated shell design, the precise assembly relation and the sealing structure improve the mechanical, temperature and humid and hot environment resistance of the product, and prolong the service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a monostable rotating electromagnet. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnets, as core actuators in industrial automation and intelligent manufacturing, maglev transportation, electronic equipment, and embedded systems, possess advantages such as reliable structure, precise control, and rapid response. These products will continue to play an irreplaceable role in future national economic development and defense. With the continuous emergence of new technologies and applications, the requirements for miniaturization, lightweighting, high energy efficiency, and high environmental adaptability of electromagnets are becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] Rotating electromagnets, as typical electromagnet products, mainly come in several forms, including magnetic steel corner structures, steel ball corner structures, and fan-shaped corner structures. The magnetic steel corner structure primarily consists of a special coil, permanent magnet, shaft, wires, bearings, and electronic components. Its advantages include a large rotation angle and high rotation speed, but its disadvantages include a more complex structure and higher machining precision. The steel ball corner structure contains essentially the same components as the magnetic steel structure, but it lacks a permanent magnet and instead uses steel balls. Its advantage is a large output torque, but it requires a larger axial dimension. The fan-shaped corner structure requires neither a permanent magnet nor steel balls; instead, it significantly improves the electromagnet's performance and lifespan by reducing friction through its mechanism design. Its disadvantage is low electromagnetic / mechanical conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on a comprehensive consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of various structures, this invention creatively proposes a monostable rotating electromagnet technology solution that features long lifespan, simple structure (no return spring design), small size, high electromagnetic / mechanical conversion efficiency, and resistance to mechanical, temperature, and humid environments.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention: A monostable rotating electromagnet includes a rear end cover, a housing assembly, an armature assembly, and a front end cover. The housing assembly includes a shell, which is a hollow cylinder. Four stationary iron cores and four pole shoes are evenly distributed in pairs around the circumference of the inner cavity of the shell. Each stationary iron core is wound with a coil. The pole shoes are encircled in a ring coaxial with the coil. The rear end cover and the front end cover are respectively fixed at both ends of the housing assembly. The armature assembly is supported at the center of the housing assembly by the rear end cover and the front end cover. The four pole shoes have different magnetic resistances between the armature assembly and the pole shoes due to differences in materials, structure, and magnetic gaps.

[0006] The pole shoe, stationary iron core and housing are either integrally processed or separately processed and then assembled into one piece by mortise and tenon structure. The two end faces of the housing are provided with O-ring grooves and riveting grooves, mortise and tenon grooves or welds for fixing the front end cover and the rear end cover. The upper and lower end faces of the pole shoe are provided with screw holes and O-ring grooves.

[0007] The armature assembly includes a central shaft, two permanent magnets, a permanent magnet fixing component, a front end cover bearing, and a rear end cover bearing. The central shaft is a cylindrical structure made of soft magnetic material, with steps at both ends that mate with the bearings. One end extends out of the front end cover and is machined into a hexagon. The front end cover bearing and the rear end cover bearing are respectively assembled at the steps at both ends of the central shaft by interference fit or transition fit. The permanent magnets are relatively fixed to the central shaft by the permanent magnet fixing component.

[0008] The front cover is a disc-shaped structure with a circular hole in the center for the central shaft to pass through. The inner wall of the circular hole fits with the outer ring of the bearing of the front cover. The end face of the front cover has a through hole corresponding to the hole of the pole shoe screw. Two positioning pins are also installed opposite each other on the end face of the front cover, and positioning pin bushings are fitted on the positioning pins.

[0009] The rear end cover has a disc-shaped structure, with a positioning pin fixing protrusion and a bearing fixing protrusion on its end face. The positioning pin fixing protrusion and the bearing fixing protrusion cooperate with the rear end cover bearing and the positioning pin bushing, respectively. The rear end cover also has a through hole corresponding to the pole shoe screw hole.

[0010] The front cover and the multi-functional integrated shell assembly are fitted together by the outer circumference of the front cover and the inner wall of the shell, and are connected and fixed by riveting, welding or screws passing through the through hole of the front cover and the screw hole of the pole shoe; the rear cover and the multi-functional integrated shell assembly are fitted together by the outer circumference of the rear cover and the inner wall of the shell, and are connected and fixed by riveting, welding or screws passing through the through hole of the rear cover and the screw hole of the pole shoe; the locating pin of the front cover is inserted into the locating pin fixing groove of the rear cover at the end away from the front cover, and the front cover and the rear cover together clamp the locating pin.

[0011] The resistance parameters of the coil have been optimized, and the size, shape, and magnetic gap between the stationary iron core, pole shoes, and armature assembly have also been optimized.

[0012] The housing, front cover, and rear cover together form part of the magnetic circuit, and the housing also serves as a structural support and a component of the sealed cavity.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The attraction / repulsion synergy between the electromagnetic field generated by the four sets of magnetic poles and the permanent magnetic field maximizes energy conversion within a limited space, improving energy efficiency. The differentiated design of the pole shoe magnetic reluctance enables permanent magnet reset, eliminating the need for a reset spring; the reusable positioning pin design simplifies the internal structure, improves space utilization, and contributes to product miniaturization and weight reduction. The integrated shell design, precise assembly relationships, and sealing structure enhance the product's resistance to mechanical stresses, temperature, and humid environments, extending its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the high-efficiency monostable rotating electromagnet of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional integrated shell assembly of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the central shaft assembly structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front cover assembly of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rear cover of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1-Rear end cover, 11-Positioning pin fixing protrusion, 12-Bearing fixing protrusion, 2-Housing assembly, 21-Coil, 22-Housing, 23-Stationary iron core, 24-Pole shoe, 3-Armature assembly, 31-Central shaft, 32-Permanent magnet, 33-Fixing component, 34-Front end cover bearing, 35-Rear end cover bearing, 4-Front end cover, 41-Bushing, 42-Positioning pin. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a high-efficiency monostable rotating electromagnet. It includes a multifunctional integrated housing assembly 1, an armature assembly 2, a front cover assembly 3, and a rear cover 4.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer shell serves as both the main structural support and an important component of the magnetic circuit and sealed cavity. Internally, it houses four stationary iron cores and four pole shoes. The dimensions, shapes, and clearances between the stationary iron cores, pole shoes, and armature are optimized and arranged in pairs. Each iron core is wound with a coil whose resistance has been optimized. The pole shoes, stationary iron cores, and outer shell are either machined as a single unit or machined separately and then assembled into a single unit. The upper and lower end faces of the outer shell are designed with O-ring grooves for sealing, as well as riveting grooves, tenon grooves, or welds for fixing the front and rear end covers. The upper and lower end faces of the pole shoes have four screw holes for further fixing the front and rear end covers, and O-ring grooves ensure sealing.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the central shaft assembly consists of a central shaft made of soft magnetic material and two permanent magnets connected by fasteners and screws or by adhesive bonding or other methods. Both ends of the central shaft are designed with steps to mate with bearings, and two bearings are installed through appropriate shaft holes, with the inner rings of the bearings tightly fitted to the central shaft.

[0024] like Figure 4As shown, the front cover has a central hole for the central shaft to pass through, and its inner wall fits with the outer ring of the bearing. The front cover is fitted with two locating pins through a hole-shaft tight fit, and four through holes corresponding to the threaded holes of the pole shoes are designed for connection between the front cover and the pole shoes. The outer circumference of the front cover fits with the inner wall of the outer shell and is reinforced by riveting or welding.

[0025] like Figure 5 As shown, the rear cover has a circular groove in the center, which is connected to the bearing of the rear cover. At the same time, there are two positioning pin fixing grooves at the corresponding positions of the front cover, which are used to clamp the positioning pins together with the front cover. There are also four through holes corresponding to the threaded holes of the pole shoes for connecting the rear cover and the pole shoes. The outer circumference of the rear cover and the inner wall of the outer shell are connected by riveting or welding.

[0026] Example: Assembly of the outer shell assembly: The four stationary iron cores 23 and the pole shoes 24 are assembled into the corresponding positions in the inner cavity of the shell 22 through a tenon and mortise structure and fixed by argon arc welding; the coil 21 is wound on the stationary iron core 23, the lead wire is led out and properly insulated; fluororubber O-rings are embedded in the O-ring grooves at both ends of the shell 22.

[0027] Armature assembly: Press the front cover bearing 34 and the rear cover bearing 35 onto the steps at both ends of the central shaft 31 respectively; fix the two permanent magnets 32 in the middle of the central shaft 31 by using the permanent magnet fastener 33 and M3 screws to ensure that the two poles are opposite and correspond to the position of the pole shoe 24.

[0028] Front cover assembly: Insert the locating pin bushing 41 into the locating pin 42, and assemble the locating pin 42 into the corresponding hole of the front cover 4 through interference fit; press the outer ring of the front cover bearing 34 into the center hole of the front cover 4.

[0029] Overall assembly: Place the armature assembly 3 into the inner cavity of the outer shell assembly 2, so that the rear end cover bearing 35 mates with the bearing fixing protrusion 12 of the rear end cover 1; align the rear end cover 1 with the shell 22, and connect and fix it by screws passing through the through hole of the rear end cover 1 and the screw hole of the pole shoe 24; insert the positioning pin 42 of the front end cover 4 into the groove of the positioning pin fixing protrusion 11 of the rear end cover 1, so that the front end cover 4 fits against the shell 22, and fix the riveting groove of the shell 22 to the front end cover 4 by riveting process, thus completing the overall assembly. The invention achieves monostable rotation and reset based on the synergistic effect of electromagnetic and permanent magnetic fields and the principle of magnetoresistance difference. The specific process is as follows: 1. The coil is energized during the setting process. When a rated voltage of 24V DC current is applied to coil 21, coil 21 generates an electromagnetic field, magnetizing the four stationary iron cores 23 and pole shoes 24 to form alternating magnetic poles. At this time, the electromagnetic field generates an attractive or repulsive force with the permanent magnetic field of the permanent magnet 32 ​​in the armature assembly 3: the pole shoes 24 with the same polarity as the permanent magnet 32 ​​generate a repulsive force, while the pole shoes 24 with opposite polarities generate an attractive force. Due to the differences in material, structure, and magnetic gap of the four pole shoes 24, differentiated magnetic reluctance is formed, causing the armature assembly 3 to be subjected to a combined torque in the same direction. Under the action of this combined torque, the armature assembly 3 rotates around the central axis 31 until it is blocked by the positioning pin 42, reaching the set termination position and completing the setting action. During this process, the position and diameter parameters of the positioning pin 42 are precisely calculated to ensure that the setting torque is maximized, and the rotation angle is controlled within 45°±2°.

[0030] 2. The coil is de-energized during the reset process. After coil 21 is de-energized, the electromagnetic field disappears, leaving only the permanent magnetic field of permanent magnet 32. Due to the difference in magnetic reluctance among the four pole shoes 24, a differentiated magnetic attraction force is formed between permanent magnet 32 ​​and pole shoes 24, generating a reverse reset torque. Under the action of the reset torque, armature assembly 3 rotates in the reverse direction until it returns to its initial positioning position, completing the reset action. This process eliminates the need for an additional reset spring, simplifying the structure while improving reset reliability, with a reset time ≤50ms.

[0031] 3. Sealing and Magnetic Circuit Principles Sealing principle: The housing 22, the front cover 4, and the rear cover 1 are sealed by O-rings. The front cover 4 and the end face of the pole shoe 24, and the rear cover 1 and the end face of the pole shoe 24 are sealed by the mating surface. The bearing is physically sealed by the bearing's own structure, which effectively prevents dust and moisture from entering the interior and meets the requirements of humid and hot environment temperature -40℃~85℃ and relative humidity 95%.

[0032] Magnetic circuit principle: The shell 22, front cover 4, and rear cover 1 are all made of magnetically conductive materials. Together with the stationary iron core 23, pole shoe 24, and armature assembly 3, they form a closed magnetic circuit, reducing magnetic leakage loss, improving the electromagnetic-mechanical conversion efficiency, and enabling the product energy efficiency to reach over 85%.

Claims

1. A monostable rotating electromagnet, characterized in that: The assembly includes a rear end cover (1), an outer shell assembly (2), an armature assembly (3), and a front end cover (4). The outer shell assembly (2) includes a shell (22), which is a hollow cylinder. Four stationary iron cores (23) and four pole shoes (24) are evenly distributed in pairs around the inner cavity of the shell (22). Each stationary iron core (23) is wound with a coil (21). The four pole shoes (24) are arranged in a ring coaxial with the coil (22). The rear end cover (1) and the front end cover (4) are fixed at both ends of the outer shell assembly (2). The armature assembly (3) is supported at the center of the outer shell assembly (2) by the rear end cover (1) and the front end cover (4). The four pole shoes (24) have different magnetic resistances between the armature assembly (3) and the pole shoes due to differences in materials, structure and magnetic gap.

2. The monostable rotating electromagnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pole shoe (24), the stationary iron core (23) and the housing (22) are integrated or assembled into one piece by mortise and tenon structure after being processed separately. The housing (22) has O-ring grooves and riveting grooves or mortise and tenon grooves or welds for fixing the front end cover (4) and the rear end cover (1) on both ends. The pole shoe (24) has screw holes and O-ring grooves on the upper and lower ends.

3. The monostable rotating electromagnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The armature assembly (3) includes a central shaft (31), two permanent magnets (32), a permanent magnet fixing part (33), a front cover bearing (34), and a rear cover bearing (35). The central shaft (31) is a cylindrical structure made of soft magnetic material, with steps at both ends that cooperate with the bearings. One end extends out of the front cover and is machined into a hexagon. The front cover bearing (34) and the rear cover bearing (35) are respectively assembled at the steps at both ends of the central shaft (31) by interference fit or transition fit. The permanent magnets (32) are relatively fixed on the central shaft (31) by the permanent magnet fixing part (33).

4. The monostable rotating electromagnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The front cover (4) is a disc-shaped structure with a circular hole in the center for the central shaft (31) to pass through. The inner wall of the circular hole is fitted with the outer ring of the front cover bearing (34). The end face of the front cover (4) has a through hole corresponding to the screw hole of the pole shoe (24). Two positioning pins (42) are also installed opposite each other on the end face of the front cover (4). Positioning pin bushings (41) are fitted on the positioning pins (72).

5. The monostable rotating electromagnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end cover (1) is a disc-shaped structure, with a positioning pin fixing protrusion (11) and a bearing fixing protrusion (12) respectively on its end face. The bearing fixing protrusion (12) and the positioning pin fixing protrusion (11) cooperate with the rear end cover bearing (35) and the positioning pin bushing (41) respectively. The rear end cover (1) is also provided with a through hole corresponding to the screw hole of the pole shoe (24).

6. The monostable rotating electromagnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The front cover (4) and the multi-functional integrated shell assembly (2) are fitted together by the outer circumference of the front cover (4) and the inner wall of the shell (22), and are connected and fixed by riveting, welding or screws through the through hole of the front cover (4) and the screw hole of the pole shoe (24); the rear cover (1) and the multi-functional integrated shell assembly (2) are fitted together by the outer circumference of the rear cover (1) and the inner wall of the shell (22), and are connected and fixed by riveting, welding or screws through the through hole of the rear cover (1) and the screw hole of the pole shoe (24); the positioning pin (42) of the front cover (4) is inserted into the positioning pin fixing groove of the rear cover (1) at the end away from the front cover (4), and the front cover (4) and the rear cover (1) clamp the positioning pin (42) together.

7. The monostable rotating electromagnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The resistance parameters of the coil (21) have been optimized, and the size, shape and magnetic gap of the stationary iron core (23), pole shoe (24) and armature assembly (3) have been optimized.

8. The monostable rotating electromagnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (22), the front cover (4), and the rear cover (1) together constitute part of the magnetic circuit, and the housing (22) also serves as a structural support and a component of the sealed cavity.

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