Radar operation method and device based on ftt signal processing

Abstract

A method of operation of a first apparatus (100) in a wireless communication system is presented. The method may comprise the steps of: transmitting a first signal to a second device (200); receiving a second signal; acquiring a third signal by performing NM point FFT based on the second signal; and acquiring a distance between the first device (100) and the second device (200) based on the third signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the next-generation technology after LTE and a completely new form of mobile communication system with high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced power consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of 6G systems can be embodied in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent examples of the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device can be proposed. For example, the method may include: sending a first signal to a second device; receiving a second signal; and performing N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and the distance between the first and second devices is obtained based on the third signal.

[0007] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a first device for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: sending a first signal to a second device; receiving a second signal; and performing N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and the distance between the first and second devices is obtained based on the third signal.

[0008] According to embodiments of this disclosure, an apparatus suitable for controlling a first user equipment (UE) can be provided. For example, the apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first UE to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: sending a first signal to a second UE; receiving a second signal; and performing N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and the distance between the first UE and the second UE is obtained based on the third signal.

[0009] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions can be provided. For example, based on execution, the instructions can cause a first device to: send a first signal to a second device; receive a second signal; and execute N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and the distance between the first and second devices is obtained based on the third signal.

[0010] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication by a second device can be proposed. For example, the method may include: receiving a first signal from a first device; and sending a second signal to the first device, wherein the second signal may be a reflected signal of the first signal, and wherein N can be performed based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the first device to obtain a third signal, and the distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on the third signal.

[0011] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a second device for performing wireless communication can be proposed. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include: receiving a first signal from a first device; and sending a second signal to the first device, wherein the second signal may be a reflected signal of the first signal, and wherein N can be performed based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the first device to obtain a third signal, and the distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on the third signal. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0013] Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0014] Figure 3 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 4 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerable payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 5 An example of sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 7 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 8 This illustrates a process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 9 An example architecture of a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, in which it is possible to locate a UE connected to a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN.

[0021] Figure 10 An implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Location Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0023] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0024] Figure 13 An observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 14 A two-sided RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 15A radar device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 16 A system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, which transmits blocks of sensing signals at specific time intervals and constructs a backscatterer based on the reflected signals.

[0028] Figure 17 The signal waveform output by the DAC module of the radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 18 The waveform of the periodic M-point FFT output signal of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 19 A radar system based on N consecutive linear frequency modulated signals is shown, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which uses a radar system based on a periodic linear frequency modulated signal.

[0031] Figure 20 The detection signal waveform of a radar system based on N consecutive linear frequency modulated signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 21 A radar system based on N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated signals, implemented using an M-point FFT output according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0033] Figure 22 A method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown for solving the performance degradation problem of a radar system compared to actually transmitting N consecutive M samples of linear frequency modulated signals.

[0034] Figure 23 The process of a first device performing wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0035] Figure 24 The process of a second device performing wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0036] Figure 25 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 26 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 27 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 28 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 29 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] Figure 30 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle shown is based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0042] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0043] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0044] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0045] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0046] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message". In other words, "Control Message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be cited as an example of "Control Message". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message".

[0047] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0048] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0049] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0050] In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured for the device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this disclosure, "configured / configured or defined / defined" can be interpreted as being pre-configured for the device.

[0051] The technologies described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, and Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with IEEE 802.16e-based systems. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of LTE.

[0052] The technologies proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0053] Figure 1 This illustration shows a communication structure available in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0054] In 6G, new network features may include the following.

[0055] - Satellite Integrated Network

[0056] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution may evolve from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every step of the communication process (or at each signal processing step described below).

[0057] - Seamless integration of wireless information and power transfer.

[0058] - Ubiquitous Ultra 3D Connectivity: Ultra 3D connectivity will be generated based on the ubiquity of 6G to access network and core network functions on drones and ultra-low Earth orbit satellites.

[0059] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0060] - Small community network

[0061] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks

[0062] - High-capacity return

[0063] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0064] - Software-based and virtualized.

[0065] The core implementation technologies of 6G systems are described below.

[0066] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine interactions. Additionally, AI may enable instant communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0067] - Terahertz (THz) Communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as submillimeter radiation, typically indicating a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 The implementation methods can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Key features of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth capable of supporting very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0068] - Massive MIMO technology (MMIMO)

[0069] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0070] - Optical wireless technology

[0071] - Free Space Light (FSO) Backhaul Network

[0072] - Quantum communication

[0073] - Cellular communication

[0074] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0075] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0076] - Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0077] Big Data Analytics

[0078] - Reconfigurable smart surface

[0079] - Metaverse

[0080] - Blockchain

[0081] - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will become a crucial element of 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology can provide high-speed wireless data connectivity. Base station (BS) entities are installed within UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs can possess certain capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and freedom of mobility control. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communication. This technology promotes the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also be used for a variety of purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and monitoring, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is widely recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communication.

[0082] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher-level concept than Urban Air Mobility (UAM). UAM refers to air transport that can be used in urban areas and can also refer to transport vehicles that include movement between urban areas and regional hubs.

[0083] - Autonomous Driving (Autonomous Driving): Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a core element for building autonomous driving infrastructure. It can be a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). To maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, high transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving may need to go beyond simply delivering warnings or guidance messages to the driver and actively intervene in vehicle operations and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. Therefore, given the potentially enormous amount of information that needs to be sent and received, autonomous driving is expected to be maximized in 6G, which offers higher transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0084] - Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). Figure 3 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 4 An example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerable payload, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 3 or Figure 4 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. See also... Figure 3The satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to the data network via the gateway. The beam coverage area refers to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. (See reference...) Figure 4 A satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the UE can connect to another satellite (or another UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). Another satellite (or another UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. Based on regenerated payloads, a satellite can connect to the data network via a gateway and another satellite. If no ISL exists between satellites, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is merely an example of an NTN scenario, and NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement transparent or regenerated (with on-board processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams over a designated service area based on its field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view can vary depending on the on-board antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload can remain unchanged. For example, a regenerated payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, a regenerated payload can be substantially equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0085] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within that environment, using radio frequency (RF) to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of an object. RF sensing capabilities can provide device-free object localization services because the object does not need to be connected via a device in the network. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals can provide a wide range of new functionalities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, drones), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. For example, wireless sensing services can provide input to various vertical sectors (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) to enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle handling and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and activity monitoring, etc. In some cases, wireless sensing can also use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service (i.e., sensing operation) can rely on the processing of the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may have the opportunity to enhance traditional systems from communication networks to wireless and sensing networks. Figure 5 An example of sensing operation based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 (a) shows an example of sensing (e.g., single-site sensing) with a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same place, and Figure 5 (b) shows an example of sensing with separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., dual-station sensing).

[0086] The radio interface protocol layer between the UE and the network can be classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the well-known Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model in communication systems. The Physical (PHY) layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides information transmission services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, controls the radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS layer.

[0087] The physical layer provides information transmission services to the upper layers through physical channels. The physical layer connects to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer, through transport channels. Data is transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how data is transmitted through the radio interface and what characteristics of the data are transmitted.

[0088] Data is transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver) via a physical channel. The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and the physical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0089] The MAC layer provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, which is higher than the MAC layer, via logical channels. The MAC layer provides the ability to map multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services through logical channels.

[0090] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of Radio Link Control Service Data Units (RLC SDUs). To ensure the different Quality of Service (QoS) required by the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three types of operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Non-Acknowledgment Mode (UM), and Acknowledgment Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0091] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used to control the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of logical, transport, and physical channels associated with RBs. RBs are logical paths for data transmission between the UE and the network, provided by Layer 1 (i.e., the Physical Layer or PHY Layer) and Layer 2 (i.e., the MAC Layer, RLC Layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Layer, and Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) Layer).

[0092] The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the user plane performs functions including user data transmission, header compression, and encryption. The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the control plane performs functions including control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0093] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs the mapping between Quality of Service (QoS) streams and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), as well as the QoS Stream ID (QFI) tagging in both DL and UL packets.

[0094] The configuration of an Radio Bearer (RB) refers to the processing used to specify the radio protocol layer and channel attributes to provide specific services, as well as to determine the corresponding detailed parameters and operating methods. RBs can then be classified into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). SRBs are used as paths for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as paths for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0095] When an RRC connection is established between the UE's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the UE is in the RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state; otherwise, the UE can be in the RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the NR case, an additional RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain its connection with the core network while releasing its connection with the BS.

[0096] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE via downlink transport channels. Examples of downlink transport channels include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and the Shared Downlink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be transmitted via the downlink SCH or via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Furthermore, uplink transport channels for transmitting (or transmitting) data from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and the Shared Uplink Channel (SCH) for transmitting other user traffic or control messages.

[0097] Examples of logical channels that belong to a higher layer than the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel may include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), Multicast Service Channel (MTCH), etc.

[0098] Radio frames can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. A radio frame is 10 ms long and can be defined as consisting of two half-frames (HF). A half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0099] With normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. With extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. In this paper, symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0100] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols (N) per slot based on the SCS configuration (μ) when using normal CP or extended CP. slot symb ), Number of time slots per frame (N) frame,μslot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N) subframe ,μ slot ).

[0101] [Table 2]

[0102] Figure 6 The structure of a time slot for an NR frame according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 6 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0103] Reference Figure 6 A time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain.

[0104] A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via an active BWP. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and a complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0105] A BWP can be a contiguous set of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) within a given set of parameters. A PRB can be a contiguous set of Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) for a given set of parameters on a given carrier.

[0106] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. It is assumed that in... Figure 7 In this implementation, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0107] Reference Figure 7 A Common Resource Block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other. Alternatively, a Producer Resource Block (PRB) can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0108] It can be determined by point A and the offset (N) relative to point A. start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP The BWP can be configured using a parameter set. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, with subcarrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) aligned at point A. For example, the offset can be the PRB distance between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0109] Sidelink synchronization signals (SLSS) can include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS) as sidelink (SL) specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as the primary sidelink synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as the secondary sidelink synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a 127-character M-sequence can be used for the S-PSS, and a 127-character Gold sequence can be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE can use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, a UE can use both the S-PSS and S-SSS for detailed synchronization acquisition and for detecting the synchronization signal ID.

[0110] The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel used to transmit default (system) information that the UE must know before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information could be related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), Time Division Duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, resource pool information, and application types related to SLSS, subframe offset, and broadcast information. For instance, to evaluate PSBCH performance in NR V2X, the PSBCH payload size can be 56 bits, including 24 bits of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

[0111] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) / Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (SBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. Additionally, the frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0112] In this disclosure, PSCCH can be replaced by control channel, physical control channel, side-link related control channel, side-link related physical control channel, etc. In this disclosure, PSSCH can be replaced by shared channel, physical shared channel, side-link related shared channel, side-link related physical shared channel, etc.

[0113] Figure 8 This illustrates a process by which a UE performs V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 8 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0114] Reference Figure 8 In (a) of resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources that will be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station can send information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first UE. For example, UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, UL resources may be resources used to report SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0115] For example, the first UE can receive information related to Dynamic Grant (DG) resources and / or Configuration Grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, CG resources may include CG Type 1 resources or CG Type 2 resources. In this disclosure, DG resources can be resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via Downlink Control Information (DCI). In this disclosure, CG resources can be (periodic) resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG Type 1 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG Type 2 resources, the base station can send an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station can send a DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0116] In step S810, the first UE can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE based on resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, it can receive HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK or ACK information) from the second UE via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE can send / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on pre-configured rules. For example, the DCI can be a DCI used for SL scheduling.

[0117] Reference Figure 8In (b) of the resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the base station / network or the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting resources within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select resources within a selection window by performing a sensing process and a resource (re)selection process. For example, sensing can be performed on a sub-channel basis. For example, in step S810, the first UE, which has selected resources from the resource pool, can send the PSCCH (e.g., Side Link Control Information (SCI) or Level 1 SCI) to the second UE using the resources. In step S820, the first UE can send the PSSCH (e.g., Level 2 SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive the PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0118] Reference Figure 8 In (a) or (b), for example, the first UE may send an SCI to the second UE via a PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE may send two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to the second UE via a PSCCH and / or a PSSCH. In this case, the second UE may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., a level 2 SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In this disclosure, an SCI sent via a PSCCH may be referred to as the first SCI, first-level SCI, or first-level SCI format, and an SCI sent via a PSSCH may be referred to as the second SCI, second-level SCI, second-level SCI, or second-level SCI format.

[0119] Reference Figure 8 In step (a) or (b), the first UE may receive the PSFCH in step S830. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0120] Reference Figure 8 In step (a), the first UE can send SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH in step S840.

[0121] Figure 9 An example architecture of a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, in which it is possible to locate a UE connected to a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN. Figure 9 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0122] Reference Figure 9 The AMF can receive requests for location services related to a specific target UE from different entities such as the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or it can determine whether to initiate location services in the AMF itself rather than in the specific target UE. The AMF can then send a location service request to the Location Management Function (LMF). Upon receiving a location service request, the LMF can process the request and return a processing request to the AMF, including the estimated location of the UE. Simultaneously, if a location service request is received from a different entity other than the AMF, such as the GMLC, the AMF can pass the processing request received from the LMF to that different entity.

[0123] Next-generation evolved NBs (ng-eNBs) and gNBs are NG-RAN network elements capable of providing measurement results for location estimation, measuring radio signals for a target UE, and transmitting result values ​​to the LMF. Additionally, ng-eNBs can control several transport points (TPs), such as remote radio heads for E-UTRA-supported beacon systems based on Position Reference Signals (PRS) or dedicated PRS TPs.

[0124] The LMF can connect to the Enhanced Serving Mobility Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) by using downlink measurements obtained by the target UE through signals transmitted from the gNB and / or PRS dedicated TP in the E-UTRAN, which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN.

[0125] Simultaneously, the LMF can connect to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for the corresponding target UE. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location measurement results. For the target UE's positioning, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, requested Quality of Service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply such positioning methods to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. Additionally, the LMF can determine supplementary information such as the target UE's location estimate and the accuracy of the location estimate and velocity. The SLP is the Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning via the user plane.

[0126] The UE can measure downlink signals via NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, and / or other sources such as various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Land Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, UE barometric pressure sensors, etc. The UE may include an LCS application. The UE can communicate with networks accessible to the UE, or access the LCS application through another application included in the UE. The LCS application may include the measurement and computation functions needed to determine the UE's location. For example, the UE may include independent positioning capabilities such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and can report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. Location information obtained independently in this way can be used as supplementary information to location information obtained from the network.

[0127] Figure 10 An example of a network for measuring the location of a UE is shown, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0128] When the UE is in the Connection Management (CM)-Idle state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can establish a signaling connection with the UE and can request the network to trigger a service to allocate a specific service gNB or ng-eNB. Figure 10 This process is omitted from the text. In other words, it can be... Figure 10 The system assumes the UE is in connected mode. However, due to signaling and data deactivation, the signaling connection can be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process.

[0129] Reference Figure 10 The network operation process for measuring the location of a UE is described in detail. In step S1010, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request the serving AMF to provide location services for measuring the location of the target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request location services, based on step S1015, the serving AMF can determine that location services are needed for measuring the location of the target UE. For example, to measure the location of a UE used for an emergency call, the serving AMF may determine to directly perform location services.

[0130] Subsequently, the AMF can send a location service request to the LMF based on step S1020, and the LMF can initiate a location procedure based on step S1030 to obtain location measurement data or location measurement auxiliary data together with the serving ng-eNB and serving gNB. Additionally, based on step S1035, the LMF can initiate a location procedure for downlink positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF can send auxiliary data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or it can obtain location estimates or location measurements. Step S1035 can be executed separately after step S1030, or it can be executed in place of step S1030.

[0131] In step S1040, the LMF can provide a location service response to the AMF. Additionally, the location service response may include information regarding whether the UE's location estimation was successful and the UE's location estimation value. Subsequently, if initiated by step S1010... Figure 10 In the process, in step S1050, the AMF can transmit the location service response to the 5GC entity, such as the GMLC, and if initiated by step S1015... Figure 10 In the process, in step S1055, the AMF can use the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0132] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 11 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0133] LPP PDUs can be sent between the AMF and UE via NAS PDUs. (See reference...) Figure 11 LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL-enabled device (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane and an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be delivered in the form of transparent PDUs via intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols such as the NG Application Protocol (NGAP) via the NG-Control Plane (NG-C) interface and NAS / RRC via the NR-Uu interface. The LPP protocol can enable location services for NR and LTE using various location methods.

[0134] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange mutual capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to indicate the exchange of error information and / or the interruption of the LPP process.

[0135] Figure 12An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes, based on an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0136] Reference Figure 12 NRPPa can be used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) for measurement, data supporting the OTDOA positioning method, and cell ID and cell location ID for the NR cell ID positioning method, etc., sent from the ng-eNB to the LMF. Even without information about associated NRPPa transactions, the AMF can route NRPPa PDUs based on the associated LMR's routing ID via the NG-C interface.

[0137] The NRPPa protocol procedures used for location and data collection can be classified into two types. The first type is UE-related procedures used to transmit information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information), while the second type is non-UE-related procedures used to transmit information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and related TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information). Both types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0138] Meanwhile, examples of positioning methods supported in NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and Land Beacon System (TBS), Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0139] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference)

[0140] Figure 13 An observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) localization method based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0141] Reference Figure 13 The OTDOA positioning method uses the timing measurement of downlink signals received by the UE from the eNB, ng-eNB, and multiple TPs, including a dedicated PRS TP. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Furthermore, the UE's location can be determined based on these measurements and the geometric coordinates of adjacent TPs.

[0142] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap from a TP for OTDOA measurements. If the UE cannot identify at least one TP's single-frequency network (SFN) in the OTDOA auxiliary data, the UE can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SNF of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0143] In this paper, RSTD can be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell whose start time is closest to that of the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0144] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it may be necessary to measure the Time of Arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the TOA can be measured for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and the RSTD of TP1-TP2, TP2-TP3, and TP3-TP1 can be calculated for the three TOAs. Based on this, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, since the accuracy and / or uncertainty of each TOA measurement may exist, the estimated location of the UE can be referred to as a specific range based on measurement uncertainty.

[0145] For example, the RSTD of these two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0146] [Formula 1]

[0147] In this article, c can be the speed of light, {x t , y t} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {x i , y i {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). In this paper, (T) can be... i -T1) is called the "Real Time Difference (RTD)" as the transmission time offset between two TPs, and n i n1 can represent the value related to the UETOA measurement error.

[0148] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0149] In the Cell ID (CID) location method, the UE's location can be measured using the geographic information of its serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0150] In addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve the UE location estimate. While some of the same measurement methods used in the measurement control system of the RRC protocol can be used in the E-CID positioning method, additional measurements are generally not performed solely for UE location measurement. In other words, measurement configuration or measurement control messages may not be provided additionally to measure the UE's location. Furthermore, the UE may not expect to request additional measurement operations solely for location measurement and can report measurement values ​​obtained through measurement methods that the UE can perform in a general manner.

[0151] For example, the serving gNB can use E-UTRA measurements provided by the UE to implement the E-CID positioning method.

[0152] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning are as follows.

[0153] - UE Measurements: E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time Difference, GSM EDGE Random Access Network (GERAN) / WLAN Reference Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), UTRAN Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0154] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing advance (TADV), angle of arrival (AoA).

[0155] In this paper, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0156] TADV type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0157] TADV type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0158] Simultaneously, AoA can be used to measure the UE's orientation. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counter-clockwise direction from the BS / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use uplink signals such as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. Furthermore, the larger the antenna array arrangement, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When the antenna array elements are arranged at equal intervals, the signals received from adjacent antennas can have a constant phase rotation.

[0159] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0160] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When the estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, the UE's location can be estimated by using the serving cell as a reference cell via the time difference of arrival relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can indicate the serving cell of the target UE to indicate the SRS transmission to the target UE. Additionally, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic / aperiodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0161] (4) RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0162] RTT (Remote Time To-Time) is a localization technique that allows measuring the distance between two entities, even if the target entity and the server entity are out of sync. If RTT is performed using multiple server entities, the distance to each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing circles using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute localization of the target entity can be performed through the intersection of these circles. This can be referred to as multi-RTT.

[0163] The RTT between two entities is performed as follows: Entity #1 can send PRS #1 at t1, and entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After entity #2 receives PRS #1, entity #2 can send PRS #2 at t3, and entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be obtained as follows.

[0164] [Equation 2] ( Here, C is the speed of light. ) For the RTT between the UE and the gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be derived based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB BRx-Tx time difference in the table below.

[0165] (5) Bilateral RTT

[0166] Two-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between two entities, even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0167] The method for performing two-sided round-trip time (RTT) between two entities is as follows.

[0168] Figure 14 A bilateral RTT is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0169] For example, two-sided RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. (See reference...) Figure 14 The propagation delay T can be measured twice (e.g., T = 1 / 2). round1 T round2 T reply1 T reply2 For example, the propagation delay T can be estimated based on Equation 3.

[0170] [Formula 3]

[0171] In addition, it can be obtained based on Equation 4. .

[0172] [Formula 4]

[0173] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as shown in Equation 5.

[0174] [Formula 5]

[0175] In this case, the error in the propagation delay estimation due to clock error can be obtained based on Equation 6.

[0176] [Formula 6] =

[0177] in, and It could be the clock offset between UE1 and UE2; It could be the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0178] For example, Table 3 shows an example of Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD). The RSTD in Table 3 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0179] [Table 3]

[0180] Table 4 shows an example of downlink PRS reference signal received power (DL-PRS RSRP). The DL-PRS RSRP in Table 4 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0181] [Table 4]

[0182] Table 5 shows an example of downlink reference signal time difference (DL-RSTD). The DL RSTD in Table 5 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0183] [Table 5]

[0184] Table 6 shows an example of the UE Rx-Tx time difference. The UE Rx-Tx time difference in Table 6 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0185] [Table 6]

[0186] Table 7 shows the uplink relative time of arrival (UL RTOA) (T UL-RTOA Examples are shown in Table 7. The UL RTOA in Table 7 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0187] [Table 7]

[0188] Table 8 shows an example of the gNB Rx-Tx time difference. The gNB Rx-Tx time difference in Table 8 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0189] [Table 8]

[0190] Table 9 shows examples of UL Angle of Arrival (UL AoA). The UL AoA in Table 9 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0191] [Table 9]

[0192] Table 10 shows an example of UL SRS reference signal received power (UL SRS-RSRP). The UL SRS-RSRP in Table 10 can be applied to SL positioning.

[0193] [Table 10]

[0194] Figure 15 A radar device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0195] Reference Figure 15 The image shows a radar. Here, the radar can send signals (e.g., chirp signals, positioning reference signals, etc.) to the target to be detected, and can obtain information related to the target's position, Doppler velocity, etc., by processing the signals reflected by the target.

[0196] For example, Figure 15 The radar can be configured with multiple channels, through which it can obtain information about the angular components of the signal. Based on the distance to the target and the angular components, the radar can calculate the target's position and represent it as coordinates in the radar coordinate system. For example, the radar can obtain Doppler velocity.

[0197] Meanwhile, conventional backscatterer-based radar systems can periodically transmit sensing signal blocks at specific time intervals and perform backscatterer detection based on signals reflected from the backscatterer. However, when there is a large amount of clutter around the backscatterer to be detected, the signals reflected by the clutter can significantly interfere with the signals reflected by the backscatterer, leading to a degradation in detection performance.

[0198] To solve this problem, sensing signal blocks can be continuously transmitted in units of N, and the backscatterer can modulate the incident sensing signal by shifting the frequency of the backscatterer and reflect the modulated sensing signal, so that the signal reflected by the backscatterer is received at a different frequency than the interference signal reflected by clutter, thereby solving the interference problem.

[0199] This disclosure proposes a method to improve the backscatterer detection performance by using a conventional radar system that periodically transmits and receives sensing signal blocks based on a specific time interval to achieve a radar system that transmits and receives N consecutive sensing signal blocks.

[0200] For example, for service type elements / parameters (and / or (LCH or service) priority and / or QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range) and / or PQI parameters) (and / or HARQ feedback enabled (and / or disabled) LCH / MACPDU (transmit) and / or resource pool CBR measurement and / or SL broadcast type (e.g., unicast, multicast, broadcast) and / or SL multicast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK feedback only, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK feedback based on TX-RX distance) and / or SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 / 2) and / or SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 / 2) and / or resource pool and / or PSFCH resource configuration resource pool and / or source (L2) ID (and / or destination (L2) ID) and / or PC5 Whether the rule is applied (and / or the method / rule-related parameter values ​​proposed in this disclosure) is specifically (or differently or independently) configured / allowed if at least one of the following conditions is met: RRC connection / link and / or SL link and / or connection state (with base station) (e.g., RRC connection state, idle state, inactive state) and / or SL HARQ process (ID) and / or SL HARQ process (ID) (for sending or receiving UE) performs SL DRX operation and / or is power-saving (for sending or receiving) UE and / or (from the perspective of a specific UE) when PSFCH sending and PSFCH receiving (and / or multiple PSFCH sending (exceeding UE capacity)) overlap (and / or PSFCH sending (and / or PSFCH receiving) is omitted) and / or receiving UE actually (successfully) receives inter-UE physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) (and / or inter-UE physical shared channel (e.g., PSSCH)) from sending UE (retransmission, etc.). Furthermore, in this disclosure, the term "configuration" (or "designation") can be extended and interpreted to mean the form in which the base station notifies the UE via predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channels / signals (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or the form provided by pre-configuration and / or the form in which the UE notifies other UEs via predefined (physical layer or higher layer) channels / signals (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5RRC)). Additionally, in this disclosure, the term "PSFCH" can be extended and interpreted to mean "(NR or LTE) inter-UE physical shared channel (e.g., PSSCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) inter-UE physical control channel (e.g., PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal))". Furthermore, the methods proposed in this disclosure can be combined with each other (in novel ways).

[0201] For example, the term "specific threshold" below may refer to a threshold predefined or (pre)configured by higher layers (including the application layer) of the network, base station, or UE. In the following text, the term "specific configuration value" may refer to a value predefined or (pre)configured by higher layers (including the application layer) of the network, base station, or UE. In the following text, "configured by network / base station" may refer to the operation of the base station (pre)configuring the UE via higher-layer RRC signaling, configuring / signaling the UE via MAC CE, or signaling the UE via DCI.

[0202] The following terms will be used in the following disclosure.

[0203] LMF - Location Management Function

[0204] UE-triggered inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - The process of inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) is triggered by the UE.

[0205] gNB / LMF-triggered UE-to-UE localization (e.g., SL localization) - The process of UE-to-UE localization (e.g., SL localization) is triggered by gNB / LMF.

[0206] UE-controlled inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) groups are inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) created by the UE.

[0207] gNB-controlled inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) groups are inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) created by the gNB.

[0208] UE-based inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Inter-UE positioning where the UE's location is calculated by the UE (e.g., SL positioning).

[0209] UE-assisted inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) - Inter-UE positioning where the UE location is calculated by gNB / LMF (e.g., SL positioning).

[0210] Inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning) group - UEs participating in inter-UE positioning (e.g., SL positioning)

[0211] Target UE (T-UE) - The UE whose location is calculated

[0212] Serving UE (S-UE) - UE that assists in T-UE positioning

[0213] Anchor UE - UE that assists in T-UE positioning

[0214] MG - Measurement gap that only allows the transmission of a reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0215] Measurement windows in which MW-SL data and reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) can be transmitted in a multiplexed manner.

[0216] SL PRS - Side Link Positioning Reference Signal

[0217] CCH - Control Channel

[0218] IUC message - Inter-UE coordination message. It is a message received by the sending UE from another UE (including the receiving UE), and it may mean a message that includes information about a preferred set of resources suitable for the sending UE to send to the receiving UE and / or a non-preferred set of resources unsuitable for the sending UE to send to the receiving UE.

[0219] JCAS - Joint Communications and Sensing

[0220] RIS - Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces

[0221] According to embodiments of this disclosure, inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resources may consist of a set of inter-UE reference signal resources (e.g., SL PRS resources) including the following information. Alternatively, for example, information related to inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resources may include some or all of the following information.

[0222] 1. UE-to-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) Resource Set ID

[0223] 2. List of Inter-UE Reference Signals (e.g., SL PRS) Resource IDs: A list of inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS resource IDs) within the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource set.

[0224] 3. UE-to-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource type: can be configured as periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0225] 4. Alpha value used for power control of inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS)

[0226] 5. P0 value used for power control of inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS)

[0227] 6. Path loss reference for power control of inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS): It can be configured as SL synchronization signal block (SSB), downlink (DL) PRS, uplink (UL) probe reference signal (SRS), SLSRS for positioning, inter-UE physical control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSCCH DMRS), inter-UE physical shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSSCH DMRS), PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0228] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the set of inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS resources) may consist of inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS resources) including the following information. Alternatively, for example, information related to inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) transmission resources may include some or all of the following information.

[0229] 1. Inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource ID

[0230] 2. Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) Comb Size: The interval between REs that transmit inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS) within a symbol.

[0231] 3. Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) Comb Offset: The index of the Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) within the first Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) symbol is the index of the initially transmitted RE.

[0232] 4. Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) Comb Cyclic Shift: Cyclic shift used to generate the sequence constituting the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS).

[0233] 5. Start position of inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS): The index of the first symbol of the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SLPRS) transmitted within a time slot.

[0234] 6. Number of UE Inter-reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) Symbols: The number of symbols constituting the UE Inter-reference Signal (e.g., SLPRS) within a time slot.

[0235] 7. Frequency Domain Shift: The lowest frequency (indexed) position in the frequency domain where the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted.

[0236] 8. Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) BW: Frequency bandwidth used for transmitting inter-UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS).

[0237] 9. UE-to-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource type: can be configured as periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand.

[0238] 10. Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) Period: The period in the time domain between inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resources, which has the physical or logical time slot unit of the resource pool in which the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted.

[0239] 11. Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) Offset: A reference timing reference, offset in the time domain relative to the start of the first inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource, and it has physical or logical time slot units of the resource pool in which the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) is transmitted. For example, the reference timing can be SFN = 0, DFN = 0, or the successful reception or decoding time of RRC / MAC CE / DCI / SCI associated with the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource.

[0240] 12. Inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) sequence ID

[0241] 13. Spatial relationship of UE reference signals (e.g., SL PRS): It can be configured as SL SSB, DL PRS, ULSRS, UL SRS for positioning, UE physical control channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSCCH DMRS), UE physical shared channel demodulation reference signal (e.g., PSSCH DMRS), PSFCH or SL CSI RS.

[0242] 14. Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) CCH: Inter-UE Reference Signal (e.g., SL PRS) control channel. For example, inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) resource configuration information and resource locations can be signaled through the inter-UE reference signal (e.g., SL PRS) CCH.

[0243] Referring to Equation 7, when the radar receives a signal reflected from the object from the signal transmitted by the radar, the power amplitude of the received signal can have the characteristic of attenuating proportionally to the fourth power of the distance to the object to be detected.

[0244] [Formula 7]

[0245] Here, for example, P t It can represent the transmission power (W), P r It can represent the received power (W), G t It can represent the transmit antenna gain, G rIt can represent the receiving antenna gain. It can represent the radar cross section, A er It can represent the effective aperture area of ​​the receiving antenna.

[0246] For example, the transmission power of radar / sensing signals used for object detection based on integrated sensing and communication systems (such as ISAC) needs to be limited to account for interference with communication signals. Therefore, unlike general-purpose radar transmission signals, transmitting radar / sensing signals for object detection at high power to sense distant objects in integrated sensing and communication systems (such as ISAC) may be inappropriate. Furthermore, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, the received signal power can be further attenuated, which can lead to a degradation in reception performance.

[0247] To address the aforementioned issues, bistatic radar technology senses objects by allowing a receiving radar, separate from the transmitting radar, to receive signals reflected from the object from the signal transmitted by the transmitting radar. The power of the signal received by the receiving radar can be proportional to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (e.g., n=2 in free space). Therefore, when the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively small, an improvement in object detection performance can be achieved.

[0248] [Formula 8]

[0249] Here, for example, P TX P can represent the transmitted signal power. RX R can represent the received signal power. TX R can represent the distance between the transmitter and the target. RX G can represent the distance between the receiver and the target. TX It can represent the transmit antenna gain, G RX It can represent the receiving antenna gain. It can represent wavelength, and RCS can represent radar cross-section.

[0250] Figure 16 An example is a system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure that transmits blocks of sensing signals at specific time intervals and constructs a backscatterer based on the reflected signals. Figure 16 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0251] Reference Figure 16This illustrates a radar system operating in units of M-sample-length linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal blocks. For example, a periodic M-sample-length LFM signal block with a specific time interval, generated by a LFM sequence generator, can be converted into an analog signal by a DAC, then modulated to an RF frequency by an upconverter and amplified, and finally transmitted through a transmitting antenna.

[0252] Subsequently, for example, the transmitted linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal block can be reflected by a backscatterer and received by a receiving antenna (RX antenna). The received signal can be demodulated into a baseband signal by a downconverter, and then multiplied with the transmitted LFM sequence by a mixer. The signal from the mixer is then converted into a digital signal by an ADC, and an M-point FFT corresponding to the length of the LFM signal block is performed. At this point, signal energy can be detected at frequency positions proportional to the distance to the backscatterer, thus allowing the distance to the backscatterer and the (relative) velocity to be finally estimated from the distance and Doppler estimation block.

[0253] Figure 17 The diagram shows the signal waveform output by the DAC block of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 17 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0254] Reference Figure 17 The diagram illustrates a block waveform of a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal transmitted periodically at time intervals. For example, the LFM signal can be transmitted periodically. For example, the LFM signal can be transmitted discontinuously. For example, the LFM signal can be transmitted periodically and repeatedly within time intervals that include on and off time intervals. For example, the amplitude of the LFM signal can be constant during the on-time interval. For example, the frequency of the LFM signal can be modulated during the on-time interval. For example, the modulated frequency can be modulated in the form of a linear function (e.g., ...). ).

[0255] Figure 18 The waveform of the periodic M-point FFT output signal of a radar system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 18 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0256] Reference Figure 18 This shows the waveform of the M-point FFT output signal, which is periodically output at time intervals. For example, in... Figure 18 In the diagram, each signal block represents the M-point FFT output signal. Within each block, the signals indicated by thick lines represent the reflected signal waveform generated by the backscatterer, while the signals at other frequency positions indicated by thin lines represent the reflected signal waveform generated by clutter. (See reference...) Figure 18It can be seen that the signal amplitude caused by backscatterers is smaller than that caused by clutter, and it can also be seen that the detection performance of the radar system will decrease due to the signal caused by clutter.

[0257] According to embodiments of this disclosure, an operation method for a radar system that transmits N consecutive linear frequency modulated signal blocks based on periodic linear frequency modulated signal block transmission and utilizes the radar system hardware described above can be provided.

[0258] Figure 19 An example of a radar system based on N consecutive linear frequency modulated signals, which uses a radar system based on a periodic linear frequency modulated signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 19 It can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0259] Reference Figure 19 By Figure 16 The ADC output signal value is input to an N×M point FFT block that can process a total of N consecutive linear frequency modulated signal blocks. Based on the signals reflected and received from the N consecutive linear frequency modulated signal blocks, a radar system with improved object detection performance can be realized.

[0260] Figure 20 The detection signal waveform of a radar system based on N consecutive linear frequency modulated signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 20 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0261] Reference Figure 20 This shows N when N is 3. The output signal waveform of the FFT at point M. (Compared to N) Compared to the input signal before M-point FFT signal processing, the frequency and position resolution of the output signal can be improved by 3 times. Through N... M-point FFT signal processing, Figure 20 The waveform of the signal reflected by the backscatterer, indicated by the dashed line, can be separated from the waveform reflected by clutter, indicated by the solid line, thereby solving the interference problem caused by the signal reflected by clutter.

[0262] According to embodiments of this disclosure, another method can be provided to implement a radar system based on N consecutive M samples of linear frequency modulated signals by using radar system hardware based on periodic linear frequency modulated signal blocks.

[0263] For example, when in Figure 16 When an ADC output signal cannot be obtained in the system, an M-point FFT output can be used instead. For example, an M-point FFT output signal value can be converted into a time-domain ADC output signal waveform using an M-point IFFT block, and then the converted signal can be input to... Figure 19 N M-point FFT blocks, thus achieving, Figure 19 The radar system shown is based on N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated signals.

[0264] Figure 21 An example is a radar system based on N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated signals implemented using an M-point FFT output according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 21 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0265] Reference Figure 21 This illustrates a radar system based on N consecutive linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signals, implemented using a radar system based on periodic linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signals. Figure 21 In the middle, the IFFT output signal at point M is... Figure 19 The ADC output signals are the same, therefore based on N The radar detection performance of the M-point FFT output can also be compared with... Figure 20 The performance shown is the same.

[0266] For example, such as Figure 19 or Figure 21 As shown, when only M-sample linear frequency modulated signals reconstructed in the time domain are used, based on N... When performing sensing with M-point FFT output, the detection and estimation performance may decrease compared to performing sensing by sending N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated signals from the beginning.

[0267] This situation could be caused by the fact that when a single M-sample linear frequency modulated signal passes through the channel, it may generate channel delay based on the channel's delay distribution. In conventional hardware that uses periodic M-sample linear frequency modulated signals, only M-point FFT is used for sensing, which may cause the delayed channel value generated after the M-sample linear frequency modulated signal to be lost due to the channel delay.

[0268] On the other hand, in a radar system that transmits N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated signals from the beginning, the information generated due to the channel delay of each M-sample linear frequency modulated signal is contained in the N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated signals, so the aforementioned performance degradation does not occur.

[0269] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, to solve the above-mentioned problems, the data following each M-sample linear frequency modulated signal can be superimposed with the M-sample linear frequency modulated signal received immediately after it in time, and then N-sample linear frequency modulated signals generated in the above manner can be subjected to N-processing. M-point FFT enables sensing without performance degradation compared to radar systems that perform sensing based on sending N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated signals from the beginning.

[0270] Figure 22 This invention illustrates a method for solving the performance degradation problem compared to a radar system that actually transmits N consecutive M samples of linear frequency modulated signals, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 22 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0271] Reference Figure 22 This paper illustrates a method for reconfiguring N consecutive M-sample linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal blocks from N non-contiguous M-sample LFM signal blocks received. By combining the N non-contiguous M-sample LFM signals in a time-superimposed manner, and then performing range and Doppler estimation based on the corresponding signals, radar operation considering channel delay information is achieved.

[0272] The examples disclosed herein are not limited to radar systems based on linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal blocks, but can also be applied to radar systems based on radar and sensing signals with similar characteristics instead of LFM signal blocks.

[0273] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, a method is proposed to improve the backscatterer detection performance by transmitting and receiving radar system operations for N consecutive sensing signal blocks based on the signal values ​​received or processed by the radar system that periodically transmits and receives sensing signal blocks at specific time intervals.

[0274] A radar device can perform the operation of transmitting a periodic linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal and detecting targets based on that signal. However, in conventional radar systems that rely on LFM signal transmission, target detection performance can be degraded by interference originating from surrounding clutter. Here, the LFM signal is a periodically transmitted signal and may have a discontinuous waveform.

[0275] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the apparatus can group and perform signal processing on a specific number (M) of linear frequency modulated signals having periodic and discontinuous waveforms, thereby enabling signal processing of the linear frequency modulated signals to operate as if they were performed continuously.

[0276] According to embodiments of this disclosure, sensing based on N consecutive linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals can be performed using N periodic LFM signals. For example, N can be performed on the ADC output of the received N LFM signals. M-point FFT signal processing. For example, after performing IFFT processing on each of the N FFT output signals, N can be executed. M-point FFT signal processing. For example, the device can perform N-point FFT signal processing by superimposing each of N linear frequency modulated signals in the time domain after channel delay spreading. M-point FFT signal processing.

[0277] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, a radar system based on continuous linear frequency modulation signal transmission can be implemented by using a periodic linear frequency modulation signal (radar signal) according to conventional technology, which can solve the problem that the target object detection performance is reduced due to interference originating from surrounding clutter.

[0278] Figure 23 An example is given of a process by which a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs wireless communication. Figure 23 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0279] Reference Figure 23 In step S2310, the first device can send a first signal to the second device. In step S2320, the first device can receive a second signal. In step S2330, N can be executed based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the first device to obtain the third signal. In step S2340, the first device can obtain the distance between the first device and the second device based on the third signal.

[0280] For example, the first device could be a radar device.

[0281] For example, the first signal can be a signal obtained by up-converting a fourth signal, which is obtained by analog conversion of a linear frequency modulated signal.

[0282] For example, the first signal can be sent periodically.

[0283] For example, the third signal can be obtained as follows: a fourth signal is obtained by down-converting the second signal; a sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal by the fourth signal, where the fifth signal is obtained through analog-to-analog conversion of a linear frequency modulated signal; a seventh signal is obtained by digital-to-digital conversion of the sixth signal; and N is then applied to the seventh signal. M-point FFT.

[0284] For example, the third signal can be obtained as follows: The fourth signal is obtained by down-converting the second signal; the sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal by the fourth signal, where the fifth signal is obtained through analog-to-analog conversion of a linear frequency modulated signal; the seventh signal is obtained by digital-to-digital conversion of the sixth signal; the eighth signal is obtained by performing an M-point FFT on the seventh signal; the ninth signal is obtained by performing an M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the eighth signal; and the ninth signal is obtained by performing an N-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the ninth signal. M-point FFT.

[0285] For example, in N In an M-point FFT, N discontinuous M-sample signals can be reconfigured into a continuous M-sample signal.

[0286] For example, a continuous M-sample signal can be reconfigured so that the responses of each of the non-continuous N M-sample signals are superimposed.

[0287] For example, the second device could be a backscatterer device.

[0288] For example, the second signal may include a signal component reflected from the second device and a signal component reflected from clutter.

[0289] For example, the first device can estimate the speed of the second device based on the third signal.

[0290] For example, the distance between the first and second devices or the velocity of the second device can be estimated by a Doppler estimation block.

[0291] For example, the first signal could be a reference signal related to sensing.

[0292] The above-described embodiments can be applied to various devices. First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to send a first signal to the second device 200. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to receive a second signal. And, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can execute N based on the second signal. The third signal is obtained by performing an M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can obtain the distance between the first device 100 and the second device 200 based on the third signal.

[0293] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a first device for performing wireless communication can be proposed. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: sending a first signal to a second device; receiving a second signal; and performing N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and the distance between the first and second devices is obtained based on the third signal.

[0294] For example, the first device could be a radar device.

[0295] For example, the first signal can be obtained by up-converting the fourth signal, which is obtained by analog conversion of the linear frequency modulated signal.

[0296] For example, the first signal can be sent periodically.

[0297] For example, the third signal can be obtained as follows: a fourth signal is obtained by down-converting the second signal; a sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal by the fourth signal, where the fifth signal is obtained through analog-to-analog conversion of a linear frequency modulated signal; a seventh signal is obtained by digital-to-digital conversion of the sixth signal; and N is then applied to the seventh signal. M-point FFT.

[0298] For example, the third signal can be obtained as follows: The fourth signal is obtained by down-converting the second signal; the sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal by the fourth signal, where the fifth signal is obtained through analog-to-analog conversion of a linear frequency modulated signal; the seventh signal is obtained by digital-to-digital conversion of the sixth signal; the eighth signal is obtained by performing an M-point FFT on the seventh signal; the ninth signal is obtained by performing an M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the eighth signal; and the ninth signal is obtained by performing an N-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the ninth signal. M-point FFT.

[0299] For example, in N In an M-point FFT, N discontinuous M-sample signals can be reconfigured into a continuous M-sample signal.

[0300] For example, a continuous M-sample signal can be reconfigured so that the responses of each of the non-continuous N M-sample signals are superimposed.

[0301] For example, the second device could be a backscatterer device.

[0302] For example, the second signal may include a signal component reflected from the second device and a signal component reflected from clutter.

[0303] For example, the operation may further include estimating the speed of the second device based on a third signal.

[0304] For example, the distance between the first and second devices or the velocity of the second device can be estimated by a Doppler estimation block.

[0305] For example, the first signal could be a reference signal related to sensing.

[0306] According to embodiments of this disclosure, an apparatus suitable for controlling a first user equipment (UE) can be provided. For example, the apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first UE to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: sending a first signal to a second UE; receiving a second signal; and performing N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and the distance between the first UE and the second UE is obtained based on the third signal.

[0307] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions can be provided. For example, the instructions, based on execution, can cause a first device to perform: sending a first signal to a second device; receiving a second signal; and executing N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and the distance between the first and second devices is obtained based on the third signal.

[0308] Figure 24 An example is given of a process by which a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs wireless communication. Figure 24 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0309] Reference Figure 24 In step S2410, the second device can receive the first signal from the first device. In step S2420, the second device can send a second signal to the first device. For example, the second signal can be a reflected signal of the first signal. For example, N can be executed based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the first device to obtain the third signal, and the distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on the third signal.

[0310] For example, the first signal can be a signal obtained by up-converting a fourth signal, which is obtained by analog conversion of a linear frequency modulated signal.

[0311] The above-described embodiments can be applied to various devices. First, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive a first signal from the first device 100. Furthermore, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can control the transceiver 206 to send a second signal to the first device 100. For example, the second signal can be a reflected signal of the first signal. For example, the first device 100 can perform N based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal, and the distance between the first device 100 and the second device 200 can be obtained based on the third signal.

[0312] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a second device for performing wireless communication can be proposed. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform operations. For example, the operations may include: receiving a first signal from a first device; and sending a second signal to the first device, wherein the second signal may be a reflected signal of the first signal, and wherein N can be executed based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the first device to obtain the third signal, and the distance between the first device and the second device can be obtained based on the third signal.

[0313] For example, the first signal can be obtained by up-converting the fourth signal, which is obtained by analog conversion of the linear frequency modulated signal.

[0314] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0315] The following will describe apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0316] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0317] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0318] Figure 25 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 25 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0319] Reference Figure 25The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes wireless devices, base stations (BS), and networks. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) and / or aircraft (AVs) (e.g., advanced air mobility (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0320] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0321] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0322] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0323] Figure 26 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 26 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0324] Reference Figure 26 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 25 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0325] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0326] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0327] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document.

[0328] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0329] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0330] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operating procedures of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0331] Figure 27 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 27 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0332] Reference Figure 27 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 27 Operations / functions, but not limited to Figure 26The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 26 Implemented by processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) Figure 27 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 26 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 26 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 26 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0333] Can be via Figure 27 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0334] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0335] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0336] Able to be with Figure 27 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 26 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not illustrated) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0337] Figure 28 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 25 ). Figure 28 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0338] Reference Figure 28 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 26 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 26 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 26The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0339] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 25 100a), vehicles ( Figure 25 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 25 100c), handheld device ( Figure 25 100d), home appliances ( Figure 25 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 25 100f), digital broadcasting devices, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environment devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 25 400), BS ( Figure 25 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0340] exist Figure 28In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0341] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 28 Examples.

[0342] Figure 29 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user device (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless device (WT). Figure 29 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0343] Reference Figure 29 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 28 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0344] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0345] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0346] Figure 30 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, automobiles, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 30 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0347] Reference Figure 30 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 28 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0348] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0349] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0350] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method for performing wireless communication by a first device, the method comprising the steps of: Send the first signal to the second device; Receive the second signal; By executing N based on the second signal The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and The distance between the first device and the second device is obtained based on the third signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first device is a radar device.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first signal is obtained by up-converting the fourth signal, which is obtained by analog conversion of the linear frequency modulated signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first signal is sent periodically.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The third signal is obtained through the following steps: The fourth signal is obtained by downconverting the second signal. A sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal by the fourth signal, wherein the fifth signal is obtained by analog conversion of the linear frequency modulated signal; The seventh signal is obtained by digitally converting the sixth signal; as well as Execute the N on the seventh signal M-point FFT.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The third signal is obtained through the following steps: The fourth signal is obtained by downconverting the second signal. A sixth signal is obtained by multiplying the fifth signal by the fourth signal, wherein the fifth signal is obtained by analog conversion of the linear frequency modulated signal; The seventh signal is obtained by digitally converting the sixth signal; The eighth signal is obtained by performing an M-point FFT on the seventh signal; The ninth signal is obtained by performing an M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the eighth signal; as well as Execute the N on the ninth signal M-point FFT.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In the N In an M-point FFT, N discontinuous M-sample signals are reconfigured into continuous M-sample signals.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The continuous M-sample signals are reconfigured such that the responses of each of the non-continuous N M-sample signals are superimposed.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second device is a backscatterer device.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second signal includes a signal component reflected from the second device and a signal component reflected from clutter.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following step: The speed of the second device is estimated based on the third signal.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The distance between the first device and the second device, or the velocity of the second device, is estimated by a Doppler estimation block.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first signal is a reference signal related to sensing.

14. A first means for performing wireless communication, the first means comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation. The operation includes: Send the first signal to the second device; Receive the second signal; By executing N based on the second signal The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and The distance between the first device and the second device is obtained based on the third signal.

15. An apparatus suitable for controlling a first user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first UE to perform an operation. The operation includes: Send the first signal to the second UE; Receive the second signal; By executing N based on the second signal The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and The distance between the first UE and the second UE is obtained based on the third signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, said instructions being executed to cause a first device to: Send the first signal to the second device; Receive the second signal; By executing N based on the second signal The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to obtain the third signal; and The distance between the first device and the second device is obtained based on the third signal.

17. A method for performing wireless communication by a second device, the method comprising the steps of: Receive the first signal from the first device; as well as Send a second signal to the first device. Wherein, the second signal is the reflected signal of the first signal. Among them, N is executed based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the first device to obtain the third signal, and The distance between the first device and the second device is obtained based on the third signal.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The first signal is obtained by up-converting the fourth signal, which is obtained by analog conversion of the linear frequency modulated signal.

19. A second means for performing wireless communication, the second means comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation. The operation includes: Receive a first signal from the first device; and Send a second signal to the first device. Wherein, the second signal is the reflected signal of the first signal. Among them, N is executed based on the second signal. The M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enables the first device to obtain the third signal, and The distance between the first device and the second device is obtained based on the third signal.

20. The second apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, The first signal is obtained by up-converting the fourth signal, which is obtained by analog conversion of the linear frequency modulated signal.

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