Soil preparation and sowing preparation method for late-crop rapes of National Rice
By constructing drainage ditch systems, returning straw to the field after crushing, and rotary tilling the land in advance during the rice growing season, combined with timely sowing, the problem of rapeseed sowing after the National Day rice crop being affected by rainy weather was solved, thus improving rapeseed yield and production efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511911426.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
In the rice-oilseed rotation area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the sowing of rapeseed after rice during the National Day holiday is easily affected by the heavy autumn rains, which prevents machinery from operating in the fields, delays the sowing period, affects rapeseed yield and agricultural machinery scheduling, and seriously restricts production efficiency and benefits.
During the rice growing season, drainage ditches are constructed in advance, straw is crushed and returned to the field, and rotary tillage is carried out. When the soil moisture content drops to 25%~30%, rapeseed is sown. A double seeder is used to simultaneously compact the soil to ensure a flat, fine, loose, and uniform sowing environment.
It effectively reduces the sowing delay rate, improves the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations, creates a good germination environment, increases the seed germination rate and seedling vigor rate, ensures high rapeseed yield, and solves the problem of tight agricultural machinery scheduling.
Smart Images
Figure CN121569632A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a method for preparing and sowing land for oilseed rape after National Day rice. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the rice-oil rotation area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, timely sowing of oilseed rape after the harvest of the previous rice crop is crucial to ensuring high yields. Taking the Shanghai Chongming area as an example, National Day rice 'Songzao Xiang No. 1' is usually harvested in early to mid-September, and its aftercrop needs to be sown with oilseed rape varieties with a long growth period (such as 'Qinyou No. 10', 'Zhongyouza No. 1403', etc.). In order to make full use of the light and temperature resources before winter, these varieties need to be sown by the end of September or early October to form strong seedlings.
[0003] However, rainfall is frequent in this area from September to early October, and water often accumulates in the field, with soil moisture content often exceeding 35%, making it impossible for machinery to work in the field, and sowing of oilseed rape is severely delayed. In the traditional operation mode, land preparation begins only after the rice is harvested, and the progress of land preparation is completely subject to the weather, often causing a delay of 7-15 days in sowing. Each day of delay in sowing results in a reduction of 2%-3% in effective winter temperature for oilseed rape, ultimately leading to a reduction of 30% or more in yield if the delay is more than half a month. At the same time, the concentrated delay in sowing and other crop operations in the region cause abnormal tension in the scheduling of agricultural machinery, resulting in a passive situation of 'waiting for sunny days during rainy days and rushing for machinery during sunny days', which seriously restricts the efficiency and benefits of oilseed rape production.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method of land preparation and sowing preparation that can actively respond to the rainy weather in autumn and ensure timely sowing of oilseed rape. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a method for preparing and sowing land for oilseed rape after National Day rice.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows: a method for preparing and sowing land for oilseed rape after National Day rice, comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1. After the previous rice crop is planted and the seedlings are alive, before the rows are closed, a drainage ditch system including ridge ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches is dug between the rice rows;
[0008] S2. After the previous rice crop is harvested, the straw crushing and returning to the field operation is completed within 20-28 hours;
[0009] S3. After the straw crushing and returning to the field operation is completed, rotary tillage is carried out to prepare the soil for sowing and to make the drainage ditch system passable;
[0010] S4. If sowing is selected, the soil moisture content should be reduced to 25%-30% before sowing of oilseed rape.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in S1, the furrow depth is 25-30 cm, and the furrow width is 18-22 cm; the waist ditch is arranged every 30-50 meters, and the waist ditch depth is 30-35 cm; the surrounding ditch is arranged along the four sides of the field, and the surrounding ditch depth is 25-30 cm.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in S2, the length of the crushed straw in the straw crushing and returning to the field operation is controlled to be within 5 cm, and the crushing qualified rate is more than 90%.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in S3, the to-be-seeded state is that the field surface height difference is not more than 3 cm, the soil particle size is less than 5 mm, and the soil aeration porosity is greater than or equal to 15%.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in S4, a compound seeder is used for seeding, and the compacting work is simultaneously completed, and the compacting strength is 0.3-0.5 MPa.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in S4, the rape seeding amount is 2.5-3.5 .
[0016] The present application solves the defects in the background art, and has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] (1) By constructing an efficient drainage ditch system in advance during the rice growing period, the post-rain field drainage and moisture dissipation speed is greatly improved, the soil water content can be reduced from the saturated state to the operable range within 24 hours after the rain, the delay rate of the seeding period is reduced, and the golden seeding period of the rape is effectively ensured.
[0018] (2) The ditch system excavation and part of the land preparation process in the land preparation operation are moved to the middle of the rice growing period, the peak of the farm machine operation during the busy season is dispersed, the amount of the farm machine operation during the concentrated seeding period after harvesting is reduced, the single machine operation efficiency is improved, and the problem of the shortage of farm machines is solved.
[0019] (3) The advanced land preparation allows the soil to have sufficient maturation time, and in combination with the fine straw returning to the field and the land preparation standard, a good germination environment of flat, fine, loose and uniform for the rape seeds is created, the seed germination rate is improved, and it is beneficial to cultivate the winter seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating laborious work;
[0021] Figure 1 is a preferred embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.
[0023] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other manners different from those described herein, and therefore, the protective scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0024] It should be noted in advance that the National Day rice 'Songzhaohang No. 1' is usually harvested in mid-September, and the seeding quality and seeding period of the subsequent crop of rapeseed directly affect the yield, especially for rapeseed varieties with a long growth period, such as 'Qinyou No. 10', 'Zhongyouza No. 1403', 'Jinpingyou', etc. Seeding needs to be completed in late September to early October to meet the growth needs before winter. Taking the variety 'Qinyou No. 10' as an example, the dry matter yield is 3750 kg / 667m2 when seeding within the appropriate seeding period, but if the seeding period is delayed to November, the biological yield will decrease by more than 30%, and the nutrient accumulation will decrease by 25%. However, in some regions, rainfall occurs frequently from mid-September to early October, and the proportion of rainy days in the whole month can reach 45%, resulting in a soil moisture content in the field often exceeding 35%, and the machinery cannot work in the field. Data from the past five years shows that the proportion of years in which rapeseed seeding is delayed by more than 7 days due to rainwater delay is as high as 60%, which not only makes it impossible to take advantage of the long growth period of the varieties, but also causes scheduling tension during concentrated agricultural operations. Therefore, exploring the technology of early land preparation and seeding for the subsequent rapeseed after the National Day rice 'Songzhaohang No. 1' to actively respond to weather risks has an urgent and practical need to ensure the stable development of local rapeseed production.
[0025] As shown in Figure 1 , a land preparation and seeding method for the subsequent rapeseed after the National Day rice includes the following steps:
[0026] S1, after the previous rice is transplanted and the seedlings are alive, and before the rows are closed, a drainage ditch system including a ridge ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch is dug in the rice row; preferably, after the previous rice is transplanted, before the rice is completely green (usually 7-10 days after transplanting) and the shading degree in the rice row is less than 50% (or the plant height reaches the peak of tillering), a drainage ditch system including a ridge ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch is dug in the rice row.
[0027] Further, in S1, the furrow depth is 25-30 cm, the furrow width is 18-22 cm; the waist ditch is set every 30-50 meters, the waist ditch depth is 30-35 cm; the surrounding ditch is set along the four sides of the field, the surrounding ditch depth is 25-30 cm.
[0028] In one embodiment, after the 'Songzaoxiang No. 1' National Day rice is transplanted and the seedlings are alive, before the row is closed, a special ditching machine is used to dig furrows, waist ditches and surrounding ditches between the rice rows to realize three-ditch matching. The ditch depth is 25-30 cm, the ditch width is 20 cm; the waist ditch is set every 30-50 meters, the ditch depth is 30-35 cm; the surrounding ditch is set along the four sides of the field, the ditch depth is 25-30 cm. This mode can increase the speed of field drainage by 60%, and the soil moisture content can be reduced to below 30% within 24 hours after rain, which is 3-4 days shorter than the time of unanticipated field drainage. After 100 mm of rainfall, the mechanical work time in the field of the field with early ditching is 5 days earlier than that of the control field.
[0029] Further, the furrows are arranged in parallel inside the field, the waist ditches are arranged perpendicular to the furrows and are connected with all the furrows, and the surrounding ditches are arranged around the four sides of the field and are connected with the ends of the waist ditches, thereby forming a hierarchical drainage network from the furrows to the waist ditches and then to the surrounding ditches. Preferably, the number density ratio of the furrows, waist ditches and surrounding ditches is controlled at about 1:5:20 to achieve the best balance between drainage efficiency and land utilization efficiency.
[0030] S2, within 20-28 hours after the previous rice is harvested, the straw crushing and returning to the field operation is completed; to prevent the straw from losing water and becoming hard, increase the difficulty of subsequent crushing, and avoid the deterioration of field operation conditions caused by rainfall, the straw crushing and returning to the field operation should be completed within 24 hours after the rice is harvested.
[0031] Further, in S2, the length of the crushed straw in the straw crushing and returning to the field operation is controlled to be within 5 cm, and the crushing qualified rate is more than 90%.
[0032] In one embodiment, immediately after the 'Songzaoxiang No. 1' National Day rice is harvested, a straw crushing device is used in combination with a crusher to control the length of the crushed straw to be within 5 cm, and the crushing qualified rate needs to be more than 90%. The straw is fully mixed with the soil layer by a turnover plow, and the straw coverage rate is more than 90%, which can reduce the soil preparation resistance by 40%, and the agricultural machinery operation efficiency is increased to 5-8 mu / day·table, which is 60% higher than that of the field without crushing treatment.
[0033] S3, after the straw crushing and returning to the field operation is completed, rotary tillage is performed to make the soil reach the ready-to-plant state and to make the drainage ditch system smooth;
[0034] Further, in S3, the ready-to-plant state is that the height difference of the field surface is not more than 3 cm, the proportion of soil particles with a particle size of less than 5 mm is more than 80%, and the soil aeration porosity is ≥15%.
[0035] In one embodiment, if the rice is harvested, the interval is short, and the subsequent forecast has rain, field work needs to be carried out as soon as possible after harvesting: first, the rice stubble is crushed and plowed, and the broken field is also done (so that the soil is loose after plowing), the key is to pull the ridge surface in advance with a double-rotation compound seeder, and at the same time, the field ditch system is rationalized. By establishing a complete ditch system, subsequent rainfall can be avoided to cause field waterlogging and heavy soil, ensuring that there is no waterlogging in the field after the rain stops, and agricultural machinery can enter the field in time to complete the soil preparation and seeding of rapeseed, and ensure the planting progress.
[0036] Further supplement is that two cross-rotation plowing is carried out by using a heavy-duty rotary cultivator, the plowing depth is controlled to be 15-18 cm, and the cutter shaft rotating speed and forward speed are adjusted during the second rotation plowing to ensure that the soil fineness meets the standard.
[0037] S4, if the seeding is selected, the rapeseed needs to be seeded when the soil moisture content decreases to 25%-30%.
[0038] Further, in S4, a compound seeder is used for seeding, and the compacting work is simultaneously completed, and the compacting strength is 0.3-0.5 MPa.
[0039] Further, in S4, the rapeseed seeding amount is 2.5-3.5 .
[0040] In one embodiment, the advance soil preparation needs to reach the standards of flat, fine, loose, and uniform: the height difference of the field surface is not more than 3 cm, the soil particle size of less than 5 mm accounts for more than 80%, the soil layer aeration porosity , and the soil fertility variation coefficient .
[0041] After the National Day rice 'Songzaoxiang No. 1' is harvested, it is immediately seeded when the soil moisture content in the field decreases to 25%-30%, the strip seeding is carried out according to the seeding amount of 3 for the long-growth-period variety, and the basic seedling per mu is controlled to be 1.8-2.2 ten thousand. A double-rotation compound seeder (integrating rotary plowing, seeding, ditching, and compacting) is used, the compacting strength is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 MPa, the seed and the soil are in close contact, and the germination rate can be increased by 10%-15%. The base fertilizer is prepared in advance, 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) per mu is applied, and the winter seedling rate can be increased to more than 85%.
[0042] Further supplement is that the ditch layout needs to be optimized when the ditch is opened in advance, the density ratio of ridge ditch, waist ditch, and surrounding ditch is controlled to be 1:5:20, to ensure the drainage efficiency, and at the same time, to avoid that the effective planting area is reduced by more than 5% due to the over-dense ditch spacing. When the ditch is opened, the agricultural machinery walking route is parallel to the rice row direction, to reduce the damage to the rice root system and the basic seedlings.
[0043] Strictly grasp the September suitable sowing window, avoid delaying the sowing period due to the "three autumn" busy season; if there is an unusually high temperature in October-November, which leads to rapid growth of seedlings, timely supporting chemical control technology (such as spraying paclobutrazol and other regulators) is needed. Through chemical control to inhibit the overgrowth of seedlings, prevent the rapid growth process from causing jointing and flowering before the year, and avoid subsequent spring frost damage to flowers and stems, resulting in yield loss.
[0044] The temperature of the September sowing period is relatively high, and the rape seed germinates quickly and the seedlings grow vigorously. The sowing amount needs to be scientifically calculated according to the thousand seed weight of the variety (usually 3-4g for rapeseed). Generally, the sowing amount per mu is controlled at 200-300g to avoid excessive basic seedlings (more than 35,000 plants per mu) due to high sowing amount. High density will cause seedlings to compete for light and fertilizer, easily leading to weak seedlings, high seedlings, and increasing the risk of diseases in the later period. Precise sowing amount is needed to ensure uniform and strong seedlings.
[0045] Example
[0046] In early July, when the National Day rice 'Songzaoxiang No. 1' has sprouted but not yet closed, use a 1GKN-200 type ditcher to dig a furrow along the rice row direction, with a depth of 28 cm and a width of 20 cm. At the same time, every 40 meters, a waist ditch is dug, with a depth of 32 cm; a surrounding ditch is dug along the four sides of the field, with a depth of 28 cm. Form a complete drainage system of furrow-waist ditch-surrounding ditch.
[0047] On September 15, the rice was harvested. The harvester was equipped with a straw crushing and throwing device to ensure that the straw stubble and residues were crushed to a length of 3-5 cm. On the same day, a high-horsepower tractor was used to pull a turnover plow to work, and the crushed straw was mixed with 0-15 cm of surface soil.
[0048] On September 16, the weather was sunny, and a Dongfanghong-1204 tractor was used to pull a rotary cultivator to cultivate the field, with a depth of 15 cm. After rotary tillage, the field surface was flat, and the soil particles were fine (>80% of the soil particles were <5mm in diameter), and the floating soil in the ditch system was cleaned, ensuring smooth drainage. After soil preparation, the soil porosity was measured to be 18%.
[0049] After the soil preparation, the consecutive sunny days lasted until September 22, and the soil moisture content in the field was monitored to be 28%. Immediately, a 2BFQ-10 type rapeseed precision compound seeder was used for sowing. The selected variety was 'Qinyou No. 10', and the sowing amount was set to 3.0 The seeder completed shallow rotation, strip sowing, shallow furrowing, and pressing in one operation. At the same time, 20 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) was applied per mu as base fertilizer.
[0050] The field adopting the method is sowed on September 22, nearly 15 days earlier than the traditional field (sowed after October 5). The pre-winter investigation shows that the dry weight of the rapeseed seedling is 3.5 g per plant, the root system is developed, and no freezing injury occurs. The final yield per mu is 275 kg, 14.6% higher than that of the control field (240 kg per mu), and the agricultural machinery is dispatched smoothly during the whole three autumn periods without delay due to weather.
[0051] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present application, and through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without deviating from the technical idea of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for land preparation and sowing of rapeseed following rice harvested during the National Day holiday, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After the previous crop of rice has been planted and before the rows are closed, dig a drainage system including furrows, waist ditches and perimeter ditches between the rice rows. S2. After the previous rice crop has matured and been harvested, the straw crushing and returning to the field should be completed within 20 to 28 hours. S3. After completing the straw crushing and returning to the field, perform rotary tillage to prepare the soil for sowing and clear the drainage ditch system. S4. If sowing is to be carried out, rapeseed should be sown when the soil moisture content drops to 25%~30%.
2. The method for land preparation and sowing of rapeseed following rice harvesting during the National Day holiday, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In S1, the furrow is 25-30cm deep and 18-22cm wide; the waist ditch is set every 30-50 meters and is 30-35cm deep; the perimeter ditch is set around the perimeter of the field and is 25-30cm deep.
3. The method for land preparation and sowing of rapeseed following rice harvesting during the National Day holiday, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In S2, the length of the crushed straw in the straw crushing and returning operation is controlled within 5cm, and the crushing qualification rate is over 90%.
4. The method for land preparation and sowing of rapeseed following rice harvesting during the National Day holiday, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In S3, the sowing state is that the difference in field surface height is no more than 3cm, the proportion of soil particles with a diameter of less than 5mm is more than 80%, and the soil aeration porosity is ≥15%.
5. A method for land preparation and sowing of rapeseed following rice harvested during the National Day holiday, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, a compound seeder is used for sowing, and compaction is carried out simultaneously with a compaction intensity of 0.3~0.5MPa.
6. A method for land preparation and sowing of rapeseed following rice harvested during the National Day holiday, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the rapeseed seeding rate is 2.5~3.
5. .