Migrant bird type fruit tree aeroponic cultivation method and device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and provides a migrant bird type fruit tree aeroponic cultivation method and device.The method comprises the steps that a sapling to be migrated is cultivated in the north to form a tree body with the flower bud differentiation capacity; wrapping the root system of the tree body and then putting the tree body into a refrigeration house, so that the tree body performs cold storage and dormancy; transporting the tree body after cold storage and dormancy from the north to the south; and planting the dormant tree bodies in the southern region, so that the tree bodies blossom and bear fruits. The method can be suitable for anti-season, super-early-maturing or peak-shifting production scenes of northern deciduous fruit trees which can break dormancy only through cold stimulation at a low temperature of a certain hours in winter.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and provides a migratory fruit tree aerosol cultivation method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The core purpose of the research and application of the migratory fruit tree aerosol cultivation method is to break through the geographical and climatic limitations of traditional fruit tree cultivation, solve the problems of short market cycle of northern deciduous fruit trees, supply gap in southern markets, high planting cost and low efficiency, realize efficient planting and staggered market of northern deciduous fruit trees across regions, fill the supply gap of northern deciduous fruit trees in subtropical / tropical regions, and greatly reduce energy consumption and planting cost, improve the economic benefit of fruit farmers and the competitiveness of the industry.

[0003] From the existing technology, traditional fruit tree cultivation mainly relies on fixed regional greenhouses or open-air planting modes. For northern deciduous fruit trees (such as peaches, plums, apricots, cherries, grapes, apples, etc.), traditional greenhouse cultivation needs to rely on natural low temperature to meet the cold requirement of fruit trees, and after the fruit trees complete dormancy, they are promoted to flower and bear fruit through conventional management; in southern areas, due to insufficient low temperature in winter, only a small amount of northern deciduous fruit trees with low cold requirement can be selectively planted, and the growth cycle is also dependent on natural climate conditions.

[0004] However, since northern deciduous fruit trees need to complete a certain cold requirement to normally flower and bear fruit, traditional greenhouses rely on natural low temperature, and the cultivation can only make the fruits enter the market half a month to 1.5 months earlier, which cannot meet the demand of staggered market at high price; in the south, due to insufficient low temperature, high-cold-requirement northern deciduous fruit tree varieties such as apples and cherries cannot be planted, and even if suitable varieties are used, the time for early market entry is limited due to the late breaking of dormancy. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a migratory fruit tree aerosol cultivation method and device, which is suitable for the off-season, super-early-maturing or staggered market production scenario of northern deciduous fruit trees (such as large cherries, peaches, apples, etc.) that need to be stimulated by a certain number of hours of low temperature in winter to break dormancy.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is: cultivating the seedlings to be migrated in the north to a tree body with flower bud differentiation ability; wrapping the root system of the tree body and placing it in a cold storage to allow the tree body to store cold and dormancy; transporting the tree body that has completed cold storage and dormancy from the north to the south; planting the tree body that has completed dormancy in the southern region to make the tree body flower and bear fruit.

[0007] Further, the cultivation method is an aerosol cultivation method.

[0008] Further, the temperature in the cold storage is between 0℃ and 7℃.

[0009] Furthermore, during the transportation of the seedlings to the south, the temperature was between 5°C and 10°C, and the humidity was between 60% and 80%.

[0010] Furthermore, the time required to transport the tree from the north to the south is within 72 hours.

[0011] Furthermore, when the seedlings have the ability to differentiate flower buds, the new shoots should be pinched back at least four times to construct a tree with a leaf area index ≥ 3.0; Each time the new shoots are pinched back, their length is between 15 and 20 centimeters.

[0012] The present invention also provides an aeroponic cultivation device, comprising: Planting troughs are used for planting saplings.

[0013] A support frame is fixed above the planting trough, and the support frame is used to secure the seedling.

[0014] An aluminum film is fixed between the planting trough and the support, and the aluminum film covers the planting trough. The aluminum film has several planting holes, through which the roots of the seedlings enter the planting trough, and the roots of the seedlings are suspended in the air.

[0015] The spraying components include an aerosol spray belt, a water pump, and a nutrient tank. The nutrient tank is located outside the planting trough and is used to hold nutrient solution. The input end of the water pump is connected to the nutrient tank, and the output end is connected to the aerosol spray belt. The aerosol spray belt is located inside the planting trough and is used to spray nutrient solution onto the roots of the seedlings.

[0016] Furthermore, the planting trough is formed by pressing two folds in a PE+nylon co-extruded air column roll and then inflating it; the width of the planting trough is between 60 cm and 80 cm, and the depth is between 40 cm and 50 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the planting holes include two rows of parallel arrangement and two rows of cross arrangement.

[0018] The double-row parallel arrangement is as follows: the distance between two adjacent rows is between 40 cm and 45 cm, and the distance between planting holes in the same row is between 50 cm and 70 cm.

[0019] The double-row staggered arrangement is as follows: the distance between two adjacent rows is between 40 cm and 45 cm, the stagger distance between the planting holes of two adjacent rows is between 25 cm and 35 cm, and the distance between the planting holes in the same row is between 50 cm and 70 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, the support is a fence frame.

[0021] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The tree seedlings to be transplanted are cultivated in the north to have tree bodies with flower bud differentiation ability; the roots of the tree bodies are wrapped and then put into a cold storage to make the tree bodies store cold and hibernate; the tree bodies after completing the storage and hibernation are transported from the north to the south; and the tree bodies after completing the hibernation are planted in the south to make the tree bodies bloom and bear fruits. Compared with the prior art, the present application stores cold for the tree bodies with flower bud differentiation ability in the north, is suitable for the reverse season, super-early production or staggered production scenarios of the northern deciduous fruit trees (such as big cherries, peaches, apples and the like) which need to meet a certain number of hours of low temperature cold requirement to break dormancy, and makes the fruits grow normally in the south.

[0022] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be in part apparent and in part pointed out below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to these drawings without any creative effort.

[0024] Fig. 1 The tree seedling cultivation structure schematic diagram of one of the embodiments of the present application.

[0025] Fig. 2 The tree body root system wrapping structure schematic diagram of one of the embodiments of the present application.

[0026] Fig. 3 The rain-sheltered planting structure schematic diagram of the south region of one of the embodiments of the present application.

[0027] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1, planting groove; 2, support; 3, aluminum film; 4, planting hole; 5, air mist spray belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will describe one specific embodiment of the present application in detail in combination with the drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiment.

[0029] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0031] As Figs. 1 to 3 shown, the present application provides a migratory fruit tree aerosol cultivation method, comprising: cultivating the tree seedlings to be migrated in the north to a tree body with flower bud differentiation ability; wrapping the root system of the tree body and placing it in a cold storage to allow the tree body to store cold and hibernate; transporting the tree body after completing the cold storage and hibernation from the north to the south; planting the tree body after completing hibernation in the southern region to make the tree body bloom and bear fruit.

[0032] The present application fundamentally breaks through the geographical climate shackles and production period control bottlenecks of traditional fruit tree cultivation, and has the following advantages: In terms of geographical limitations, in the traditional mode, high cold demand north deciduous fruit trees such as big cherries and apples cannot be planted in the south due to insufficient low temperature in winter, and conventional cultivation in the north is difficult to achieve super-early maturity due to heat limitations, while the present method solves this contradiction through the synergistic mode of "north natural low-temperature cold storage + south natural heat production". The tree body cultivated in the north in autumn is precisely accumulated by the cold storage, without the need for high-energy cold storage in the south to simulate low temperature; after being transported to the south, it can utilize the local winter natural temperature of 15-25℃ to promote growth under a simple rain shelter, without the need for high-cost heating in the north (the heating cost of traditional north greenhouse is up to hundreds of yuan per square meter), completely breaking the one-way circulation pattern of "south fruit north transportation" and filling the supply gap of north deciduous fruit trees in subtropical / tropical regions.

[0033] In terms of production period and market response, traditional cultivation production periods are entirely dependent on the local season (e.g., sweet cherries ripen in June and July in northern China), and off-season production is energy-intensive and lacks flexibility. In this method, cold storage can be completed 2 to 3 months earlier than natural dormancy, significantly advancing fruit ripening time after planting in the south (e.g., sweet cherries ripen around the Spring Festival). Simultaneously, the trees can be temporarily stored in cold storage and released as needed, achieving production period control of 30 to 120 days. During the Spring Festival, the market supply of deciduous fruits in northern China is scarce, and fruits sold at this time can fetch 2 to 3 times the conventional price, significantly increasing planting profits. Furthermore, transporting fruits along the trees avoids the quality loss caused by traditional early harvesting (e.g., the taste and sweetness of sweet cherries decrease after early harvesting), increasing the marketable fruit rate from the traditional 60% to over 95%.

[0034] In terms of transportation and planting efficiency, root wrapping combined with transportation conditions of 5°C to 10°C and 60% to 80% humidity within 72 hours results in a tree survival rate exceeding 95%, far higher than the 10% to 20% root damage rate of traditional transplanting. The rain-sheltered planting design for southern regions avoids the impact of the rainy weather on fruit development, reduces pests and diseases, eliminates the need for large amounts of pesticides, and balances ecological benefits with fruit safety. The entire process achieves "cultivation and production in the same year," whereas traditional soil cultivation requires 3 to 5 years to reach production. This method can achieve a yield of 500 kg to 800 kg per mu in the same year, representing a qualitative leap in land utilization and planting efficiency.

[0035] In the embodiments provided by this invention, the cultivation method of aeroponics has multiple advantages: First, the seedling roots are suspended in the planting trough 1 through the planting holes 4 of the aluminum film 3. The atomized nutrient solution (atomized particle size ≤100μm) sprayed by the aeroponic spray belt 5 directly acts on the roots, increasing nutrient absorption efficiency by more than 3 times. Combined with the nutrient solution circulation system (utilization rate 95%), it saves 90% of water and 95% of fertilizer compared to traditional soil cultivation, significantly reducing water and fertilizer costs and adapting to the current water and fertilizer resources in the north and south; Second, the tree growth rate under aeroponics is faster. Compared to traditional soil, it is 3 to 5 times faster. With pruning and management, it can form a tree with the ability to differentiate flower buds in the same year, meeting the compact cycle requirements of migratory cultivation of "rapid cultivation in the north and timely fruit production in the south", and solving the problem of low efficiency of traditional cultivation of 3 to 5 years to produce fruit. Third, the combination of aeroponic cultivation and aluminum film 3 planting means that only the aluminum film 3 needs to be cut when transplanting seedlings, without damaging the planting carrier. The root damage rate is reduced to less than 5%, the survival rate during transportation is over 95%, and the reuse rate of aluminum film 3 is ≥70%, reducing the cost of repeated planting and perfectly adapting to the migratory mode of cross-regional transportation.

[0036] In the embodiments provided by this invention, the temperature inside the cold storage is between 0°C and 7°C, which is a key technical parameter for achieving precise dormancy of fruit trees and ensuring the quality of subsequent growth and fruiting. It effectively solves the problems of uncontrollability of traditional natural dormancy and energy waste of artificial dormancy, and has significant technical and economic value.

[0037] From the perspective of the precision of chilling requirement accumulation, deciduous fruit trees in the north need to complete a specific number of hours of low-temperature chilling to break dormancy (e.g., varieties requiring 1500 hours of chilling need 62.5 days). Traditional cultivation relies on natural low temperatures, which are easily affected by winter climate fluctuations: insufficient low temperatures lead to inadequate chilling accumulation, resulting in uneven flowering and severe flower and fruit drop; excessive low temperatures (such as extreme low temperatures in the north) may damage the tree's root system, affecting survival. The temperature range of 0℃ to 7℃ precisely avoids these two risks: above 0℃, it can prevent root freezing and frost damage, avoiding physiological damage caused by cell rupture; below 7℃, it can effectively inhibit tree respiration and physiological activities, ensuring stable chilling accumulation. Especially when the temperature is controlled at the optimal range of 3℃ to 5℃, the chilling accumulation efficiency is the highest, completing the process 2 to 3 months earlier than natural dormancy, providing ample time for ultra-early maturing cultivation in the south, such as allowing sweet cherries to be harvested around the Spring Festival, seizing a high-priced market share.

[0038] From the perspective of dormancy quality and subsequent growth consistency, in traditional natural dormancy, the microenvironments (such as light and shading conditions) of different trees vary, resulting in significant differences in the rate of chilling accumulation. This leads to inconsistent flowering and fruiting times, making management difficult, extending the harvest cycle, and affecting the stability of market supply. In contrast, standardized cold storage temperatures of 0℃ to 7℃ ensure all trees are in a uniform low-temperature environment, synchronizing chilling accumulation. This breaks the high degree of uniformity in the timing of budding, flowering, and fruiting after dormancy. It not only facilitates subsequent management work such as flower and fruit thinning and pest and disease control, reducing labor costs, but also enables centralized harvesting and market launch, avoiding differences in fruit maturity caused by batch harvesting, ensuring consistent product quality, and enhancing consumer acceptance.

[0039] From the perspective of energy consumption and cost control, in existing off-season production, if the south needs to simulate the low temperatures of the north, it must rely on continuous refrigeration in cold storage, resulting in extremely high energy consumption; if the north needs to induce dormancy earlier, additional temperature control is also required. A temperature range of 0℃ to 7℃ is close to the natural low temperature range of northern winters, eliminating the need for cold storage to maintain even lower temperatures (such as below 0℃), significantly reducing refrigeration energy consumption by more than 60% compared to traditional southern cold storage for simulating low temperatures. Simultaneously, this temperature range places lower demands on cold storage equipment, requiring no special low-temperature refrigeration units; ordinary commercial cold storage can meet the needs, reducing equipment investment costs and facilitating widespread application by small and medium-sized growers. Furthermore, precise temperature control can prevent "false dormancy" (i.e., apparent dormancy but continued physiological activity) during the dormancy period, preventing problems such as delayed budding and weakened growth after subsequent transportation to the south, ensuring that the trees quickly adapt to the environment after transplanting, flower and bear fruit normally, and maintain a survival rate of over 95%.

[0040] In the embodiments provided by this invention, during the transportation of seedlings to the south, the temperature is between 5°C and 10°C, the humidity is between 60% and 80%, and the transportation time from the north to the south is within 72 hours. These are the core conditions for ensuring the vitality and survival of the seedlings during the transfer from the northern cold storage to the southern planting base, perfectly solving the pain points of root dehydration, physiological damage, and low survival rate in traditional seedling transportation.

[0041] From the perspective of maintaining tree dormancy, if the transport temperature is too high (e.g., above 10℃) after the tree is moved from a cold storage facility at 0℃ to 7℃, dormancy will be quickly broken, causing premature sprouting of new buds and growth of new roots, consuming the tree's stored nutrients. This can lead to weak seedlings after transport to the south, with reduced flowering and fruiting capacity. If the temperature is too low (e.g., below 5℃), it may cause slight frost damage to the roots, especially when temperatures fluctuate during transport, which exacerbates the risk of frost damage. A temperature range of 5℃ to 10℃ can precisely maintain the tree's semi-dormant state: it inhibits respiration and physiological metabolism, reducing nutrient consumption (respiration intensity is reduced by more than 50% compared to normal temperature), while avoiding frost damage from low temperatures. This ensures that the tree can quickly awaken in the warm natural environment after arriving in the south and simultaneously enter the budding and growth stage without requiring additional acclimatization time.

[0042] From the perspective of root vitality protection, in traditional tree transportation, the roots are often exposed or simply wrapped, making them prone to dehydration and drying out due to long transportation times and dry environments, resulting in a survival rate often below 80%. The 60% to 80% humidity environment synergizes with the aluminum film-wrapped root system design: the aluminum film reduces water evaporation, the minimum 60% humidity ensures normal water content in root cells, preventing root shrinkage due to dehydration, and the maximum 80% humidity prevents root rot caused by excessive humidity (such as mold growth), ensuring the roots remain fresh during transportation. Practical experience has shown that under these temperature and humidity conditions, the tree survival rate during transportation exceeds 95%, far higher than traditional transportation methods, and the root damage rate is less than 5%, with no impact on subsequent nutrient absorption, laying the foundation for rapid fruit production in southern regions.

[0043] From the perspective of transport timeliness and cost matching, these temperature and humidity conditions do not require reliance on extreme cold chains (such as below 0°C). Ordinary constant-temperature transport vehicles can meet the requirements, reducing transport costs by 30% to 40% compared to low-temperature cold chains. This makes it suitable for long-distance (over 1000 kilometers) and large-scale transport. Simultaneously, temperatures of 5°C to 10°C and humidity of 60% to 80% can keep the trees in good condition for 72 hours, covering transport time from major production areas in the north (such as Gansu and Shandong) to major markets in the south (such as Hainan and Guangdong). There is no need to choose high-cost air freight for faster transport speeds, reducing costs across the entire supply chain. Furthermore, stable temperature and humidity can prevent "stress responses" in the trees, such as leaf curling and bud drop caused by sudden temperature changes, ensuring uniform growth and synchronized flowering and fruiting after transplanting, reducing subsequent management difficulties and losses.

[0044] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, when the seedlings have the ability to differentiate flower buds, the new shoots are pinched at least four times to construct a tree with a leaf area index ≥3.0. Each time the shoots are pinched, the length of the new shoots is between 15 cm and 20 cm. This is a key means to achieve rapid tree shaping and improve yield and quality through precise pruning management, which completely solves the problems of low efficiency, unreasonable tree structure and long production cycle of traditional pruning.

[0045] From the perspective of rapid tree shaping and shortened production cycle, in traditional soil cultivation, fruit tree pruning relies mostly on natural branching, with few pinching sessions (1 to 2 times). It takes 3 to 4 years for the tree to form a production structure with a leaf area index ≥3.0, and the branching is messy with few fruiting branches. In contrast, in this method, at least four pinching sessions can promote branching in a targeted manner. Pinching when the new shoot is 15cm to 20cm long is the optimal point determined based on the physiological characteristics of new shoot growth. At this time, the new shoot has accumulated enough nutrients, and after pinching, 2 to 3 strong lateral branches can quickly sprout. This avoids insufficient nutrients and weak branches caused by pinching when the new shoot is too short (<15cm), or waste of nutrients and excessive vegetative growth caused by pinching when the new shoot is too long (>20cm). After four toppings, the tree can form multiple fruiting branches in the same year, quickly building a high-yield structure with a leaf area index ≥3.0 (leaf area index is a key indicator for measuring photosynthetic efficiency, and ≥3.0 can ensure sufficient accumulation of photosynthetic products), achieving "cultivation and flower bud differentiation ability in the same year", shortening the production cycle by 2 to 3 years compared to traditional cultivation, and perfectly adapting to the compact process of migratory cultivation of "rapid cultivation in the north - timely fruit production in the south".

[0046] From the perspective of improving the quality and yield of fruiting branches, targeted pinching can control the tree to grow in a central, hedge-like pattern. Combined with support structures, this results in evenly distributed fruiting branches, good ventilation and light penetration (traditional, haphazardly shaped trees have poor ventilation and light penetration, leading to a 30% or higher incidence of pests and diseases). Each fruiting branch receives sufficient light and nutrients, avoiding "empty branches" (no fruit or small fruit) caused by overlapping branches and leaves. Pinching to a length of 15cm to 20cm allows new shoots to form plump buds, resulting in high-quality flower bud differentiation, a 20% to 30% increase in flowering and fruit setting rate, and even fruit distribution and size. The marketable fruit rate increases from the traditional 60% to over 90%. Simultaneously, sufficient leaf area (leaf area index ≥ 3.0) ensures efficient accumulation of photosynthetic products, providing ample raw materials for the synthesis of sugars and flavor compounds in the fruit. For example, the sugar content of sweet cherries can increase from the traditional 15-18 Brix to 20-22 Brix, significantly enhancing taste and quality, and improving market competitiveness.

[0047] From the perspective of management efficiency and cost control, standardized topping frequency and new shoot length requirements enable large-scale, mechanized management. For example, using electric topping tools increases efficiency by 50% compared to manual labor, reducing labor costs (traditional manual topping requires 3-5 man-hours per acre, while this method reduces it to 1-2 man-hours). Simultaneously, the neat tree structure makes subsequent flower and fruit thinning, pest and disease control, and harvesting more convenient: during flower and fruit thinning, ineffective branches can be quickly identified, reducing operation time; during spraying, the pesticide solution can evenly cover the branches and leaves, reducing pesticide usage (saving 20%-30% compared to traditional methods); during harvesting, fruits are concentrated at the same height, eliminating the need to bend over or climb, increasing harvesting efficiency by 40%, and reducing fruit damage rate (from the traditional 8%-10% to below 3%). Furthermore, the neat tree structure improves the rationality of planting density; for example, planting 1000-2000 trees per acre still ensures ventilation and light penetration, avoiding outbreaks of pests and diseases due to excessive density, achieving a synergy of "high density, high yield, and high quality."

[0048] The present invention also provides an aeroponic cultivation device, comprising: Planting trough 1 is used for planting seedlings.

[0049] The support 2 is fixed above the planting trough 1 and is used to fix the seedling.

[0050] An aluminum film 3 is fixed between the planting trough 1 and the support 2, and the aluminum film 3 covers the planting trough 1. The aluminum film 3 has several planting holes 4, through which the roots of the seedlings enter the planting trough 1, and the roots of the seedlings are suspended in the air.

[0051] The spraying components include an aerosol spray belt 5, a water pump, and a nutrient tank. The nutrient tank is located outside the planting trough 1 and is used to hold nutrient solution. The input end of the water pump is connected to the nutrient tank, and the output end is connected to the aerosol spray belt 5. The aerosol spray belt 5 is located inside the planting trough 1 and is used to spray nutrient solution onto the roots of the seedlings.

[0052] In terms of equipment cost and flexibility, traditional aeroponic cultivation devices mostly use rigid extruded polystyrene boards and concrete planting troughs, which are costly (over 10,000 yuan per mu), difficult to transport (rigid materials are bulky), and slow to install (requiring on-site pouring or splicing). In contrast, the planting trough of this device uses PE+nylon co-extruded air column rolls, with a volume of only 0.1m³ / roll when not inflated, reducing transportation costs by 80%. It can be formed on-site in 5 to 10 minutes per mu, with an average annual cost of less than 8 yuan / m², which is 60% to 80% lower than traditional rigid troughs. Moreover, it has a wind resistance level of ≥8, making it suitable for the windy climate of the north and the rainy climate of the south. The combination of support frame 2 and aluminum film 3 also significantly reduces costs: support frame 2 is a simple fence frame, constructed with iron wire and cement pillars, with a cost of less than 500 yuan per mu, which is 50% lower than traditional trellises; aluminum film 3 has a reuse rate of ≥70%, and the remaining film material after transplanting can be recycled for secondary planting, saving more than 800 yuan per mu per year in film material costs. The overall device cost is only 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of traditional aeroponic cultivation devices, making it easy to promote on a large scale.

[0053] From the perspective of tree growth and nutrient supply efficiency, the various components work together to ensure root health and precise nutrient supply: the aluminum film 3 covers the planting trough 1, and the planting holes 4 are opened to suspend the roots, avoiding soil pollution and soil-borne diseases, while reducing water evaporation (saving 20% ​​of water compared to not covering with aluminum film 3); the aerosol spray belt 5 of the spraying component (orifice diameter 0.3 to 0.5 mm, spacing 10 to 15 cm) is connected to an automated circulation system, and the mist nutrient solution (atomized particle size ≤ 100 μm) can evenly cover the root system, improving absorption efficiency by 3 times, saving 90% of water and 95% of fertilizer compared to traditional drip irrigation. The design of the nutrient tank and water pump enables the recycling of nutrient solution (utilization rate 95%), and the concentration can be adjusted according to the tree growth stage (e.g., EC 0.8 mS / cm to 1.2 mS / cm during the seedling stage, and 1.8 mS / cm to 2.2 mS / cm during the fruiting stage), precisely meeting nutrient needs and avoiding the problems of nutrient waste or insufficient supply in traditional cultivation. The support 2 fixes the tree in a trunk-shaped growth pattern. Combined with the regular layout of the aluminum film 3 and planting holes 4, the tree has good ventilation and light transmission, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases by 30%, and reducing the cost of pesticides and ecological pollution.

[0054] From the perspective of adaptability to migratory cultivation, the mobility and reusability of the device are key advantages: the planting trough 1 can be folded and stored after deflating, and then re-inflated for use after transportation to the southern planting base, eliminating the need to repeatedly construct fixed planting facilities in the south; the aluminum film 3 is easy to cut, and can be cut along the center line between plants during transplanting, leaving 30cm to 40cm of film to wrap the roots of each plant, ensuring root vitality during transportation. After arriving in the south, the seedlings can be directly planted by snapping the new film through the side opening, eliminating the need for re-cultivation of seedlings and significantly shortening the preparation time for planting in the south. In addition, all components of the device are modularly designed and can be flexibly adjusted according to the planting scale (e.g., the length of the planting trough 1 can be freely cut from 10 meters to 50 meters, and the planting holes 4 can be arranged in double rows or crosses), adapting to the growth needs of different varieties of fruit trees (such as sweet cherries, peaches, and apples), avoiding the limitations of the traditional device's "one site, one design" approach, and improving the applicability and promotion value of the technology.

[0055] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, since several planting troughs 1 are needed for planting seedlings, in order to reduce the number of water pumps used, a main liquid supply pipe and several branch liquid supply pipes are provided between the water pumps and several aerosol spray belts 5. The main liquid supply pipe is connected to the water pump, and the main liquid supply pipe is connected to several aerosol spray belts 5 one by one through several branch liquid supply pipes.

[0056] Traditional nutrient solution supply systems are mostly "one pump and one belt," which are costly (over 2000 yuan per mu), energy-intensive (10 kWh per day), and produce uneven nutrient solution distribution (different pump pressures lead to inconsistent atomization effects). Maintenance requires shutting down the entire system, impacting tree growth. The "main supply pipe + branch pipe" design proposed in this claim offers significant advantages: First, it optimizes cost and energy consumption. One high-power pump (200W to 300W) distributes the solution to each branch pipe via the main pipe, replacing 10 to 15 small pumps (50W to 100W each). This reduces equipment costs to below 500 yuan, daily energy consumption to 3 to 5 kWh, and saves over 1000 yuan per mu in electricity costs annually, solving the problems of high cost and high energy consumption in traditional systems. Second, it ensures uniform nutrient solution distribution. The main pipe stably delivers the nutrient solution, while the branch pipes have valves to regulate flow. Each spray belt produces atomized particles ≤100μm, ensuring consistent root absorption, reducing tree growth differences to <10%, synchronizing flowering and fruiting, and increasing the marketable fruit rate. The efficiency is increased to over 90%, and the nutrient solution concentration adjustment (such as switching from EC 0.8mS / cm to 1.2mS / cm in the seedling stage to 1.8mS / cm to 2.2mS / cm in the fruiting stage) can be completed within 1 hour, which is 80% more efficient than the traditional 4 to 5 hours; third, maintenance is convenient, each branch pipe corresponds to one spray belt, and in case of failure, it can be shut down for maintenance without affecting the overall system, reducing the troubleshooting time from 2 to 3 hours to 30 minutes; the sewage outlet at the end of the main pipe can be cleaned regularly to avoid blockage, extending the life of the spray belt from 1 year to 2 to 3 years, reducing replacement costs, and facilitating the expansion of planting area (adding 1 planting trough only requires connecting the main pipe), thus enhancing the value of large-scale promotion.

[0057] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the planting trough 1 is formed by pressing two folds in a PE+nylon co-extruded air column roll and then inflating it; the width of the planting trough 1 is between 60 cm and 80 cm, and the depth is between 40 cm and 50 cm.

[0058] The advantages are: First, the material characteristics: PE+nylon co-extruded air column rolls are anti-aging and corrosion-resistant, with a service life of 3 to 5 years and an average annual cost of less than 8 yuan / ㎡. When uninflated, they are small in volume and lightweight, resulting in low transportation and installation costs, solving the problems of high cost and difficult transportation associated with traditional materials. Second, the size is adaptable: a width of 60cm to 80cm can meet the needs of parallel or cross-row planting (double-row row spacing of 40cm to 45cm), with a planting density of 1000 to 2000 plants per mu (approximately 667 square meters), which is a significant improvement over traditional single-row planting (width of 30cm to 40cm). With a planting density of 50%, the yield per unit area increases by 30% to 40%; a depth of 40cm to 50cm can accommodate aerial roots of 30cm to 45cm in length for cold-loving fruit trees, avoiding excessive water evaporation due to shallow roots or uneven nutrient solution spraying due to excessive depth, ensuring that the roots absorb nutrients throughout the entire range and that the trees grow uniformly; thirdly, it is reusable. After use in the north, it can be deflated and folded for transportation to the south, and can be reused after being re-inflated, eliminating the need to build new planting troughs in the south, saving more than 5,000 yuan per acre in facility construction costs in the south.

[0059] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the planting holes 4 include two rows of parallel arrangement and two rows of cross arrangement.

[0060] The double-row parallel arrangement is as follows: the distance between two adjacent rows is between 40 cm and 45 cm, and the distance between the planting holes 4 in the same row is between 50 cm and 70 cm.

[0061] The double-row staggered arrangement is as follows: the distance between two adjacent rows is between 40 cm and 45 cm, the stagger distance between the planting holes 4 of two adjacent rows is between 25 cm and 35 cm, and the distance between the planting holes 4 of the same row is between 50 cm and 70 cm.

[0062] It achieves the optimal balance between planting density, ventilation and light penetration, and management efficiency through scientific layout, solving the problems of uneven planting density, poor ventilation, and low reuse rate in traditional planting layouts, and providing a guarantee for high yield and high efficiency in aeroponic cultivation.

[0063] In terms of planting density and yield improvement, both arrangement methods achieve the goal of "high density and high yield": In the double-row parallel arrangement, the row spacing of 40cm to 45cm ensures sufficient space between trees to avoid branches and leaves crossing and blocking each other, while the plant spacing of 50cm to 70cm in the same row provides enough growth space for individual trees and prevents root entanglement, with a planting density of 1,000 to 1,500 trees per mu; The cross arrangement, through a staggered design of 25cm to 35cm, further increases the planting density (1,500 to 2,000 trees per mu) under the same row spacing, and the staggered layout prevents branches and leaves in adjacent rows from overlapping, avoiding the problem of poor ventilation and light penetration caused by traditional dense planting (such as single-row plant spacing of 30cm to 40cm). High-density planting, combined with a tree structure with a leaf area index ≥3.0, increases photosynthetic efficiency per unit area by 40%, and yields can reach 500kg to 800kg per mu, which is more than 60% higher than traditional sparse planting (500 to 800 trees per mu), significantly improving land utilization and planting income.

[0064] From the perspectives of ventilation, light penetration, and fruit quality, a reasonable spacing design ensures an excellent growing environment for the trees: a row spacing of 40 to 45 cm allows for smooth air circulation between trees, reducing air humidity (15% to 20% lower than row spacing below 30 cm), reducing the occurrence of moisture-loving pests and diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold (incidence rate reduced by 30% to 40%), reducing pesticide use and residues, and improving fruit safety. A plant spacing of 50 to 70 cm within the same row and a staggered, overlapping arrangement ensure that each tree receives uniform sunlight (light utilization rate increased by 25%), avoiding problems such as excessive vegetative growth and poor flower bud differentiation caused by insufficient light. This results in more sufficient sugar accumulation in the fruit (e.g., a 2 to 3 Brix increase in sugar content for sweet cherries), uniform coloring, and a marketable fruit rate increasing from the traditional 60% to over 90%. At the same time, good ventilation and light penetration accelerate fruit ripening, concentrating the ripening time and facilitating centralized harvesting, reducing the labor costs of batch harvesting.

[0065] From the perspective of aluminum film reuse and management efficiency, the regular spacing design improves the utilization rate and management convenience of aluminum film 3: the uniform spacing of the two arrangement methods allows for laser cutting of planting holes 4 to be processed to a fixed size, avoiding the waste of aluminum film 3 caused by the traditional irregular layout (the reuse rate increases from the traditional 40% to over 70%). When transplanting seedlings, the aluminum film 3 can be cut along the center line between plants, with 30 to 40 cm of film left to wrap the roots of each plant. The remaining film material can be recycled to a uniform size and used for secondary planting by overlapping it by 3 to 5 cm. The operation is simple and saves on film material costs (saving more than 800 yuan per mu per year). In addition, the regular planting layout facilitates mechanized operations. For example, nutrient solution spraying tape can be evenly arranged according to the row spacing to ensure that the roots of each planting hole 4 receive sufficient nutrient solution. During harvesting, the fruit is evenly distributed, allowing the use of small harvesting machinery, increasing efficiency by 50% and reducing labor costs. At the same time, the uniform spacing also facilitates subsequent management work such as flower and fruit thinning, pruning, etc., reducing management difficulty and improving overall production efficiency.

[0066] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the support 2 is a fence frame.

[0067] First, cost and installation: the fence frame is constructed using cement pillars and wire, costing less than 500 yuan per mu (approximately 0.16 acres). Installation takes 1 to 2 days per mu, reducing costs by 95% and increasing efficiency by 3 times compared to traditional trellises. Furthermore, the materials can be recycled and transported to the south for reuse, reducing cross-regional investment. Second, tree guidance: two to three horizontal steel wires (40cm to 60cm apart) guide the tree towards a central trunk growth pattern. Combined with pinching, this forms multiple fruiting branches, quickly achieving the required leaf area index. This avoids the difficulties in harvesting and uneven spraying caused by excessively tall trees (3 to 4 meters) in traditional methods. Fruit is concentrated at a height of 1.2 to 1.8 meters, increasing harvesting efficiency by 40%. Third, resilience: the fence frame stabilizes the main trunk, reducing the lodging rate from 20% to below 1% in windy northern regions and accelerating water evaporation from branches and leaves in rainy southern regions, reducing branch rot by 15%. It also supports the weight of the fruit, reducing branch breakage from 10% to below 2%, ensuring both yield and quality.

[0068] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0069] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Other modifications can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A migratory aeroponic cultivation method for fruit trees, characterized in that, include: The saplings to be transplanted will be aeroponic cultivated in the north until they are capable of flower bud differentiation; After wrapping the tree's root system, place it in a cold storage to allow the tree to undergo cooling and dormancy. The trees, after completing cold storage and dormancy, will be transported from the north to the south; In southern regions, trees that have completed cold storage and dormancy are planted in a rain-sheltered manner to encourage them to flower and bear fruit.

2. The migratory aeroponic cultivation method for fruit trees as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature inside the cold storage is between 0°C and 7°C.

3. The migratory aeroponic cultivation method for fruit trees as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the transportation of the seedlings to the south, the temperature was between 5℃ and 10℃, and the humidity was between 60% and 80%.

4. The migratory aeroponic cultivation method for fruit trees as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The time it takes for the tree to be transported from the north to the south is within 72 hours.

5. The migratory aeroponic cultivation method for fruit trees as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the seedlings have the ability to differentiate flower buds, the new shoots should be pinched back at least four times to build a tree with a leaf area index ≥ 3.0; Each time the new shoots are pinched back, their length is between 15 and 20 centimeters.

6. An aeroponic cultivation device for the migratory fruit tree aeroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Planting troughs are used for planting seedlings; A support frame is fixed above the planting trough; the support frame is used to secure the seedling. An aluminum film is fixed between the planting trough and the support, and the aluminum film covers the planting trough. The aluminum film has several planting holes, through which the roots of the seedlings enter the planting trough, and the roots of the seedlings are suspended in the air. The spraying components include an aerosol spray belt, a water pump, and a nutrient tank. The nutrient tank is located outside the planting trough and is used to hold nutrient solution. The input end of the water pump is connected to the nutrient tank, and the output end is connected to the aerosol spray belt. The aerosol spray belt is located inside the planting trough and is used to spray nutrient solution onto the roots of the seedlings.

7. An aeroponic cultivation device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The planting trough is formed by pressing two folds in a PE+nylon co-extruded air column roll and then inflating it. The planting trough is between 60 cm and 80 cm wide and between 40 cm and 50 cm deep.

8. An aeroponic cultivation device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The planting holes include two rows of parallel arrangement and two rows of cross arrangement; The double-row parallel arrangement is as follows: the distance between two adjacent rows is between 40 cm and 45 cm, and the distance between planting holes in the same row is between 50 cm and 70 cm. The double-row staggered arrangement is as follows: the distance between two adjacent rows is between 40 cm and 45 cm, the stagger distance between the planting holes of two adjacent rows is between 25 cm and 35 cm, and the distance between the planting holes in the same row is between 50 cm and 70 cm.

9. An aeroponic cultivation device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The support structure is a fence frame.

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