A machining and reshaping process applied to a worm gear

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of worm machining, and discloses a machining and modification process applied to gear worm, which comprises the following steps: S1, clamping and fixing a worm to be machined on a machining device; S2, setting an imaginary worm with a tooth number ratio of (actual worm tooth number + Delta Z) according to machining needs; S3, recalculating core angle increments W in a machining path based on the imaginary worm in S2, so as to realize direct and accurate modification in a worm tooth surface machining process; and S4, machining and modification of the worm by the machining device based on the machining path in S3. The machining and modification process applied to the gear worm can effectively solve the problems in the prior art, i.e. the worm is prone to vibration due to high-speed rotation during machining, and the existing clamping and supporting structure cannot guarantee continuous coaxiality, which directly affects the accurate execution of core machining parameters, causes the optimization effect of a virtual reference to be unable to be accurately implemented, and finally causes the problem of insufficient machining precision of the worm tooth surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of worm gear processing technology, and more specifically to a processing and shaping process applied to gear worm gears. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mechanical transmission, the machining of worm gears mostly relies on CNC machining equipment. By pre-setting the machining path, the relative movement between the tool and the shaft to be machined is controlled to form the target tooth surface. The core objective is to ensure that the contact area between the worm and the worm wheel is stably located in the middle of the tooth surface when they mesh, thereby improving the transmission performance.

[0003] To optimize meshing performance, existing technologies have adopted a virtual reference design approach. For example, by setting a hypothetical worm wheel with a different number of teeth than the actual worm wheel, or simulating the motion trajectory of a hypothetical gear, the worm tooth profile can be corrected and the meshing contact state adjusted in an attempt to improve the smoothness and adaptability of the transmission.

[0004] However, this type of machining method has a key limitation: it only focuses on the parameter design and tooth profile optimization of the virtual reference, without providing effective solutions for mechanical interference factors during the machining process. During machining, the worm gear is prone to vibration due to high-speed rotation, and the existing clamping and support structure cannot guarantee continuous coaxiality. These problems directly affect the accurate execution of core machining parameters, causing the optimization effect of the virtual reference to fail to be accurately implemented, ultimately resulting in insufficient machining accuracy of the worm gear tooth surface. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a machining and shaping process for gears and worms. This process effectively solves the problems in existing technologies, such as the worm's tendency to vibrate due to high-speed rotation during machining, and the difficulty in ensuring continuous coaxiality of existing clamping and support structures. These issues directly affect the accurate execution of core machining parameters, leading to the inaccurate implementation of virtual datum optimization and ultimately resulting in insufficient machining accuracy of the worm tooth surface.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears, comprising:

[0008] S1: Clamp and fix the worm gear to be processed on the processing equipment;

[0009] S2: Set an imaginary worm gear with ΔZ more teeth than the actual worm gear according to the processing requirements;

[0010] S3: Based on the hypothetical worm gear in S2, the core angle increment W in the machining path is recalculated to achieve direct and accurate shaping during the worm gear tooth surface machining process;

[0011] S4: The machining equipment performs tool cutting and shaping of the worm gear based on the machining path in S3;

[0012] The processing equipment described in S1 includes: a clamping mechanism;

[0013] A machining mechanism, the machining mechanism including a tool holder and a cutting tool mounted below the tool holder;

[0014] The support mechanism includes a movable frame that is symmetrically slidably arranged on the front and rear of a base. Support rollers are rotatably connected to the movable frame, and an adjustment component for adjusting the spacing of the movable frame to adapt to shafts of different diameters is connected to the base.

[0015] The resonance mechanism includes symmetrically fixed spring rods on the left and right, a top frame connected to a base, pressing components for pressing non-machined parts of the shaft to be processed connected symmetrically on the top frame, a limiting seat symmetrically fixedly connected near the front of the base, an adsorption component for connecting the top frame to the limiting seat, a docking component slidably connected to the top frame on the left and right, and a pushing component connected to the tool holder that docks with the docking component and presses the top frame down, thereby connecting the top frame and the limiting seat through the adsorption component.

[0016] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes a coaxially arranged centering chuck and an axially retractable movable tip.

[0017] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a threaded seat, and the lower ends of the two movable frames are respectively fixedly connected to the threaded seats. A bidirectional lead screw is threadedly connected to both threaded seats, and the bidirectional lead screw is rotatably connected to the base.

[0018] Furthermore, the pressing assembly includes a telescopic rod, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the top frame, and a roller is installed at the lower end of the telescopic rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the adsorption assembly includes an electromagnet one that is fixedly connected to the top frame via a docking rod, an electromagnet two that is coaxially arranged with the electromagnet and magnetically attracted to it is fixedly connected in the limiting seat, the limiting seat and the spring rod are fixedly connected via a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is slidably connected to the movable frame (32).

[0020] Furthermore, the docking assembly includes two sliding cylinders that are symmetrically slidably mounted on the top frame. The two sliding cylinders are connected by a clamping plate that rotates symmetrically from left to right. The clamping plate and the sliding cylinder are connected by a torsion spring. The two clamping plates are fixedly connected to the end faces that are close to each other with symmetrical stops.

[0021] Furthermore, the clamping plate adopts an inverted L-shaped design and the included angle between the two straight segments is an acute angle, and the end faces of the two clamping plates that are close to each other are evenly connected with rolling balls.

[0022] Furthermore, the pushing component includes a rotating seat, which is rotatably connected to the knife holder, and push blocks are symmetrically fixedly connected to the rotating seat.

[0023] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] 1. This invention achieves centering and clamping of the shaft to be processed through a centering chuck and a movable center, and then uses a bidirectional lead screw to adjust the spacing of the support rollers to adapt to shafts of different diameters, forming a lower support; subsequently, the cutting tool pushes the top frame down, so that the pressing component and the support roller form a coordinated upper and lower limit, and at the same time, the top frame and the limit seat are fixed by the adsorption component, ensuring that the shaft is not prone to movement during high-speed rotation processing, greatly reducing the impact of vibration on coaxiality, and laying a solid foundation for processing accuracy.

[0025] 2. This invention plans the tool movement trajectory based on an imaginary worm wheel with ΔZ more teeth than the actual worm wheel, and recalculates the core angle increment W. It eliminates the need to machine the imaginary worm wheel before cutting the tooth surface, reducing intermediate error links. This design can actively adjust the meshing contact area to the middle of the tooth surface, avoiding unfavorable meshing at both ends of the tooth surface. This not only improves the load-bearing capacity, transmission efficiency and service life of the worm and worm wheel, but also directly ensures the accuracy of tooth surface machining. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 Front view structural diagram;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism and resonance mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the processing mechanism, docking component, and pushing component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable structure of the support mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle.

[0034] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Clamping mechanism; 11. Centering chuck; 12. Flexible center; 2. Machining mechanism; 21. Tool holder; 22. Tool; 3. Support mechanism; 31. Base; 32. Moving frame; 33. Adjustment component; 331. Threaded seat; 332. Bidirectional lead screw; 34. Support roller; 4. Resonance mechanism; 41. Spring rod; 42. Top frame; 43. Pressing component; 431. Telescopic rod; 432. Roller; 44. Limiting seat; 45. Adsorption component; 451. Connecting rod; 452. Electromagnet one; 453. Electromagnet two; 46. Connecting component; 461. Slide cylinder; 462. Clamping plate; 463. Torsion spring; 464. Stop block; 465. Ball bearing; 47. Pushing component; 471. Rotating seat; 472. Push block. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0037] Example:

[0038] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 7 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0039] A machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears includes:

[0040] S1: Clamp and fix the worm gear to be processed on the processing equipment;

[0041] S2: Set an imaginary worm gear with ΔZ more teeth than the actual worm gear according to the processing requirements;

[0042] S3: Based on the hypothetical worm gear in S2, the core angle increment W in the machining path is recalculated to achieve direct and accurate shaping during the worm gear tooth surface machining process;

[0043] S4: The machining equipment performs tool cutting and shaping of the worm gear based on the machining path in S3;

[0044] The processing equipment mentioned in S1 includes:

[0045] The clamping mechanism 1 includes a coaxially arranged centering chuck 11 and an axially telescopic movable tip 12. The centering chuck 11 is used to center and position shafts of different diameters to be processed, while the movable tip 12 can be axially telescopic to use shafts of different lengths to be processed. The two work together to achieve centering and clamping of shafts of different lengths and diameters to be processed.

[0046] The machining mechanism 2 includes a tool holder 21 and a cutting tool 22 installed below the tool holder 21;

[0047] Support mechanism 3, the support mechanism 3 includes a movable frame 32 that is symmetrically slidably arranged in front and behind a base 31, a support roller 34 is rotatably connected to the movable frame 32, and an adjustment component 33 for adjusting the spacing of the movable frame 32 to adapt to shafts of different diameters to be processed is connected to the base 31;

[0048] The resonance mechanism 4 includes a spring rod 41 fixedly arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The spring rod 41 is connected to a top frame 42 connected to a base 31. The top frame 42 is symmetrically connected to a pressing component 43 for pressing the non-processed part of the shaft to be processed. A limiting seat 44 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the base 31 near the front side. An adsorption component 45 for connecting the top frame 42 to the limiting seat 44 is connected to the top frame 42. A docking component 46 is slidably connected to the top frame 42 on the left and right. A pushing component 47 is connected to the tool holder 21, which docks with the docking component 46 and presses the top frame 42 down, thereby connecting the top frame 42 and the limiting seat 44 through the adsorption component 45.

[0049] Specifically, in order to optimize the meshing transmission performance of gears and worms, existing technologies have adopted the concept of virtual reference design. For example, by setting up an imaginary worm wheel with a different number of teeth than the actual worm wheel, or simulating the motion trajectory of an imaginary gear, the profile of the worm tooth surface is corrected, the meshing contact state is adjusted, and thus the transmission smoothness and adaptability are improved.

[0050] This invention further optimizes the existing technology. In one feasible embodiment, a hypothetical worm gear with ΔZ more teeth than the actual worm gear is set, and the core angle increment W in the machining path is recalculated based on this hypothetical worm gear, enabling direct and precise shaping of the worm tooth surface during machining. This design can actively adjust the meshing contact area to the middle of the tooth surface, effectively avoiding unfavorable meshing phenomena at both ends of the tooth surface, significantly improving the load-bearing capacity, transmission efficiency, and service life of the transmission pair, while directly ensuring the machining accuracy of the worm tooth surface.

[0051] Accordingly, to avoid the impact of mechanical interference factors on gear machining accuracy during the machining process when using the above-mentioned machining method, the present invention further optimizes the traditional clamping device: after the centering and fixing of the shaft to be machined is completed by the clamping mechanism 1, the moving frame 32 is driven to slide back and forth along the base 31 by the adjusting component 33, thereby adjusting the distance between the two support rollers 34, so that the symmetrically arranged support rollers 34 accurately abut against the lower end of the shaft, forming a lower support structure. This support method can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude caused by centrifugal force during high-speed rotation machining of long shafts, and reduce machining errors caused by vibration.

[0052] After the spacing of the support rollers 34 is adjusted, the cutter 22 moves along the preset trajectory to the top of the shaft and is precisely aligned with the docking component 46 on the top frame 42. It should be noted that, unlike the conventional machining method of "first machining the imaginary worm wheel that matches the worm, and then directly cutting the tooth surface based on the path set by the imaginary worm wheel", in this application, the movement trajectory of the cutter 22 is directly planned based on the imaginary worm wheel with ΔZ more teeth than the actual worm wheel, and the motion accuracy is controlled by recalculating the core angle increment W. The meshing contact area can be actively adjusted to the middle of the tooth surface, effectively avoiding the unfavorable meshing phenomenon at both ends of the tooth surface, thereby improving the tooth surface accuracy from the source of machining.

[0053] During the downward movement of the cutting tool 22, it first achieves precise alignment with the docking component 46. Then, by pushing the component 47 downward, it presses the docking component 46 down. With the sliding connection between the docking component 46 and the top frame 42, the top frame 42 moves downward against the elastic force of the spring rod 41. Finally, the suction component 45 firmly connects the top frame 42 and the limiting seat 44 into one unit. During this process, the pressing component 43 on the top frame 42 presses down on the non-machined area of ​​the shaft from top to bottom, forming a coordinated upper and lower limiting structure with the support roller 34 below, further improving the shaft clamping stability and reducing the impact of centrifugal vibration during high-speed rotation.

[0054] After the top frame 42 is fixedly connected to the limit seat 44, the push component 47 actively generates displacement and forms a misalignment with the docking component 46 to avoid interference with subsequent machining actions; then the tool 22 realizes left and right feed motion along the top frame 42, while the centering chuck 11 drives the shaft to rotate at the set speed. The feed motion of the tool 22 and the rotation motion of the shaft work together to complete the tooth surface cutting machining.

[0055] Since the top frame 42 is fixedly connected to the limiting seat 44 on the base 31 through the adsorption component 45, the pressing component 43 and the support roller 34 together form an omnidirectional limiting of the shaft, and the tool 22 establishes an indirect positioning association with the top frame 42 through the previous docking, even if vibration occurs during the processing, the tool 22 and the shaft can maintain a synchronous vibration state, effectively ensuring the relative position accuracy of the tool 22 and the tooth surface during the cutting process, and further improving the machining and shaping accuracy of the worm gear tooth surface.

[0056] The adjustment assembly 33 includes a threaded seat 331. The lower ends of the two movable frames 32 are respectively fixedly connected to the threaded seats 331. The two threaded seats 331 are connected to a bidirectional lead screw 332 by a thread. The bidirectional lead screw 332 is rotatably connected to the base 31.

[0057] Specifically, when the bidirectional lead screw 332 is rotated, the two sets of reverse threads symmetrically arranged on the surface of the lead screw mesh with the corresponding thread seats 331, driving the two moving frames 32 to synchronously move closer or further away from the base 31. This, in turn, drives the support rollers 34 to synchronously adjust their spacing to accommodate shafts of different diameters and achieve stable support. For shafts of the same specification, the spacing adjustment only needs to be completed during the initial processing. In subsequent clamping operations, the support rollers 34 can directly provide pre-support for the shaft, effectively reducing clamping difficulty and enabling rapid loading.

[0058] The pressing assembly 43 includes a telescopic rod 431, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the top frame 42, and a roller 432 is installed at the lower end of the telescopic rod 431. The adsorption assembly 45 includes an electromagnet 452 fixedly connected to the top frame 42 via a connecting rod 451, and an electromagnet 453 coaxially arranged and magnetically attracted to the electromagnet 452 is fixedly connected inside the limiting seat 44. The limiting seat 44 and the spring rod 41 are fixedly connected via a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is slidably connected to the movable frame 32.

[0059] The docking assembly 46 includes two sliding cylinders 461, which are symmetrically slidably mounted on the top frame 42. The two sliding cylinders 461 are symmetrically rotatably connected to each other by a clamping plate 462. The clamping plate 462 is connected to the sliding cylinder 461 by a torsion spring 463. The two clamping plates 462 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the end faces of each other.

[0060] The clamping plate 462 adopts an inverted L-shaped design with an acute angle between the two straight segments. The two adjacent end faces of the clamping plates 462 are evenly connected with rolling balls 465. The pushing assembly 47 includes a rotating seat 471, which is rotatably connected to the tool holder 21 and driven by a driving module built into the tool holder 21. Push blocks 472 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the rotating seat 471.

[0061] Specifically, in the initial state, the clamping plate 462 maintains a horizontal posture under the elastic preload of the torsion spring 463, and the top frame 42 is in a high position under the elastic support of the spring rod 41. The docking rod 451 and electromagnet 452 connected to the top frame 42 are also in a high position, so that there is sufficient operating space between electromagnet 452 and the limit seat 44, which facilitates manual loading of the shaft. At this time, the telescopic rod 431 is in a retracted high position, which can avoid interference with the shaft loading process. Electromagnets 452 and 453 are both de-energized and have no magnetic attraction.

[0062] After the shaft is placed on the support roller 34 and centered by the clamping mechanism 1, the cutter 22 moves along the preset trajectory to the top of the docking assembly 46. Then the cutter 22 feeds downward and contacts the clamping plate 462. The continuously moving cutter 22 drives the two clamping plates 462 to rotate synchronously in the opposite direction around the hinge point with the slide cylinder 461. Since the clamping plate 462 adopts an inverted L-shaped structure design, when the clamping plate 462 is rotated to the vertical state, the cutter holder 21 is just embedded between the two clamping plates 462, forming a vertical limiting constraint, so that the clamping plate 462 cannot continue to rotate and maintains a stable vertical posture. Subsequently, the tool holder 21 continues to feed downwards, pushing the clamping plate 462 downwards via the push block 472 on the rotating seat 471, thereby driving the top frame 42 to overcome the elastic resistance of the spring rod 41 and move downwards as a whole; during the downward movement of the top frame 42, the docking rod 451 and electromagnet one 452 are simultaneously driven downwards until electromagnet one 452 and electromagnet two 453 in the limiting seat 44 are precisely engaged. At this time, the two electromagnets are energized and generate magnetic attraction, making the top frame 42 and the limiting seat 44 fixed as a whole; at the same time, the downward movement of the top frame 42 simultaneously drives the telescopic rod 431 to move downwards.

[0063] Then, the extension length of the telescopic rod 431 is adjusted so that the lower roller 432 precisely abuts against the non-processing area at the upper end of the shaft and locks the length of the telescopic rod 431. This forms a stable limiting structure with the support roller 34 below, effectively suppressing radial movement and axial displacement during shaft processing and ensuring processing accuracy. When processing shafts of the same specification in batches, the length of the telescopic rod 431 only needs to be adjusted once before the first processing. Subsequent processing can directly use the same setting parameter, improving batch processing efficiency.

[0064] After completing the above preparations, the tool 22 is slightly raised, with its lower end always within the constraint range of the two clamping plates 462, ensuring that the clamping plates 462 remain vertical. Then, the drive module inside the tool holder 21 drives the rotating seat 471 to rotate, causing the push block 472 to rotate until it aligns with the gap between the corresponding stop blocks 464 on the two clamping plates 462. This achieves misalignment and avoidance between the push block 472 and the clamping plates 462, preventing interference during subsequent machining. Afterward, the tool 22 can adaptively move along the top frame 42, cooperating with the centering chuck 11 to drive the rotation of the shaft, cutting grooves of different depths on the shaft surface, ultimately completing the worm gear tooth surface shaping process.

[0065] After processing, the tool 22 is first reset to the initial position. Then, electromagnet 1 452 and electromagnet 2 453 are de-energized, the magnetic attraction is released, and the top frame 42 is reset to the high position under the elastic reset force of the spring rod 41. The telescopic rod 431 retracts and resets synchronously, leaving sufficient space for the next shaft loading.

[0066] It is worth noting that the above-mentioned machining and shaping process applied to gears and worm gears also has the following advantages:

[0067] Advantage 1: This invention achieves centering and clamping of the shaft to be processed through a centering chuck 11 and a movable center 12. Then, the spacing of the support rollers 34 is adjusted by a bidirectional lead screw 332 to adapt to shafts of different diameters, forming a lower support. Subsequently, the cutting tool 22 pushes the top frame 42 downward, so that the pressing component 43 and the support rollers 34 form a coordinated upper and lower limit. At the same time, the top frame 42 and the limit seat 44 are fixed by the adsorption component 45. This ensures that the shaft is not prone to movement during high-speed rotation processing, greatly reducing the impact of vibration on coaxiality and laying a solid foundation for processing accuracy.

[0068] Advantage 2: This invention plans the movement trajectory of the tool 22 based on an imaginary worm wheel with ΔZ more teeth than the actual worm wheel, and recalculates the core angle increment W. It eliminates the need to machine the imaginary worm wheel before cutting the tooth surface, reducing intermediate error links. This design can actively adjust the meshing contact area to the middle of the tooth surface, avoiding unfavorable meshing at both ends of the tooth surface. This not only improves the load-bearing capacity, transmission efficiency and service life of the worm and worm wheel, but also directly ensures the accuracy of tooth surface machining.

[0069] Thirdly, the cutting tool 22 can be precisely aligned with the docking component 46 during its movement. By pushing the component 47, the top frame 42 is automatically pressed down and moved, which, together with the adsorption component 45, completes the fixation of the top frame 42 and the limiting seat 44. Subsequently, the pushing component 47 automatically shifts to avoid interference. After processing, the electromagnet is de-energized, and the top frame 42 automatically resets under the action of the spring rod 41. The entire process requires little manual intervention, realizing automated coordination of support, limiting, processing, and reset. This reduces human error and improves the smoothness of the overall processing flow.

[0070] Fourthly, after the top frame 42 is fixed to the base 31 through the adsorption component 45, the pressing component 43 and the support roller 34 form an omnidirectional limit on the shaft. Furthermore, the tool 22 establishes an indirect positioning relationship with the top frame 42 through the pre-connection. Even if vibration occurs during the processing, the tool 22 and the shaft can maintain a synchronous vibration state, effectively offsetting the relative displacement error caused by the vibration. This further ensures the relative positional accuracy of the tool 22 and the tooth surface during the cutting process, allowing the optimization effect of the virtual reference to be accurately implemented.

[0071] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machining and shaping process applied to gears and worm gears, characterized in that, include: S1: Clamp and fix the worm gear to be processed on the processing equipment; S2: Set an imaginary worm gear with ΔZ more teeth than the actual worm gear according to the processing requirements; S3: Based on the hypothetical worm gear in S2, the core angle increment W in the machining path is recalculated to achieve direct and accurate shaping during the worm gear tooth surface machining process; S4: The machining equipment performs tool cutting and shaping of the worm gear based on the machining path in S3; The processing equipment described in S1 includes a clamping mechanism (1). The machining mechanism (2) includes a tool holder (21) and a cutting tool (22) mounted below the tool holder (21). Support mechanism (3), the support mechanism (3) includes a movable frame (32) symmetrically slidably arranged on the base (31), a support roller (34) is rotatably connected on the movable frame (32), and an adjustment component (33) is connected on the base (31) for adjusting the spacing of the movable frame (32) to adapt to shafts of different diameters to be processed. The resonance mechanism (4) includes a spring rod (41) fixedly arranged symmetrically on the left and right, a top frame (42) connected to the base (31) by the spring rod (41), a pressing component (43) for pressing the non-processed part of the shaft to be processed is symmetrically connected on the top frame (42), a limiting seat (44) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the base (31) near the front, an adsorption component (45) for connecting the top frame (42) to the limiting seat (44) is connected on the top frame (42), a docking component (46) is slidably connected on the top frame (42), and a pushing component (47) is connected to the tool holder (21) to dock with the docking component (46) and press the top frame (42) down so that the top frame (42) and the limiting seat (44) are connected through the adsorption component (45).

2. The machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (1) includes a coaxially arranged centering chuck (11) and an axially telescopic movable tip (12).

3. The machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (33) includes a threaded seat (331), and the lower ends of the two movable frames (32) are respectively fixedly connected to the threaded seats (331). The two threaded seats (331) are connected to a bidirectional lead screw (332) by a thread, and the bidirectional lead screw (332) is rotatably connected to the base (31).

4. The machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing assembly (43) includes a telescopic rod (431), the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the top frame (42), and a roller (432) is installed at the lower end of the telescopic rod (431).

5. The machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption assembly (45) includes an electromagnet one (452) fixedly connected to the top frame (42) via a docking rod (451), an electromagnet two (453) fixedly connected in the limiting seat (44) to be coaxially arranged with the electromagnet one (452) and magnetically attracted to it, the limiting seat (44) and the spring rod (41) fixedly connected via a connecting rod, and the connecting rod and the moving frame (32) slidably connected.

6. The machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The docking assembly (46) includes two slide cylinders (461) that are symmetrically slidably mounted on the top frame (42). The two slide cylinders (461) are connected by a clamping plate (462) that rotates symmetrically from left to right. The clamping plate (462) is connected to the slide cylinder (461) by a torsion spring (463). The two clamping plates (462) are fixedly connected to the end faces of each other symmetrically from front to back by a stop block (464).

7. The machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears according to claim 6, characterized in that: The clamping plate (462) adopts an inverted L-shaped design and the included angle between the two straight segments is an acute angle. The two clamping plates (462) are connected by rolling balls (465) evenly on their close end faces.

8. The machining and shaping process for gears and worm gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing assembly (47) includes a rotating seat (471), which is rotatably connected to the knife holder (21), and push blocks (472) are symmetrically fixedly connected on the rotating seat (471).

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