A large forging shaft hole machining device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of forging processing technology, specifically disclosing a large forging shaft hole processing device, comprising: a base platform, a control box, a transfer mechanism, and a processing mechanism; the control box is installed in the middle of the rear side of the upper surface of the base platform; the transfer mechanism is located on the left side of the upper surface of the base platform; the processing mechanism is located on the upper surface of the base platform and to the right of the transfer mechanism. This large forging shaft hole processing device enables automated collaborative operation throughout the entire large forging shaft hole processing process, reducing manual intervention. Through posture conversion and multi-dimensional positioning mechanisms, it ensures the stability and coaxiality of the workpiece during processing, significantly improving the dimensional accuracy and surface quality consistency of shaft hole processing. It can also quickly identify and accurately handle various defects on the inner wall of the shaft hole, improving overall processing efficiency and being compatible with the processing needs of large forgings of different specifications and sizes, reducing equipment adaptation costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forging processing technology, specifically to a large forging shaft hole processing device. Background Technology

[0002] Large forgings refer to large-sized, heavy-load core components made from high-strength alloy steel, carbon steel, and other high-quality metal materials through forging processes such as free forging and die forging, and processed through multiple steps including heating, forging, and heat treatment. A single piece typically weighs from several tons to hundreds of tons, with a wide size range and complex structures. They possess core characteristics such as high strength, high toughness, good fatigue resistance, and impact resistance, and can withstand harsh conditions such as heavy loads, high temperatures, and high pressures under extreme working conditions. As key basic components in the high-end equipment manufacturing field, large forgings are widely used in core areas such as energy equipment, heavy machinery, aerospace, rail transportation, and marine engineering. Large forging shaft and hole machining technology is a key processing technology for heavy-load, high-precision workpieces like large forgings, and is widely used in core component processing scenarios in high-end manufacturing fields such as heavy machinery, aerospace, and energy equipment.

[0003] Currently, the machining of large forging shaft holes generally suffers from low automation. It relies heavily on manual labor for workpiece handling, posture adjustment, and positioning. This not only results in high labor intensity but also increases the risk of insufficient workpiece positioning accuracy due to human error, affecting the machining quality and potentially causing safety accidents. Furthermore, the lack of effective real-time detection and adaptive adjustment mechanisms makes it difficult to accurately identify hidden defects in the inner wall of the shaft hole, often leading to incomplete or excessive grinding, resulting in poor machining quality stability and low product yield. In addition, existing machining equipment has poor adaptability, requiring cumbersome equipment debugging and adjustments for different sizes of large forgings, resulting in low switchover efficiency, increased preparation time, and higher production costs. Moreover, the lack of coordination between workpiece rotation and grinding during machining easily leads to machining deviations, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-precision shaft hole machining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a large forging shaft hole machining device to at least solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a large forging shaft hole machining device, comprising:

[0006] Base platform;

[0007] The control box is installed in the middle of the rear side of the upper surface of the base platform;

[0008] A transfer mechanism is located on the left side of the upper surface of the base platform;

[0009] The processing mechanism is located on the upper surface of the base platform and to the right of the transfer mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the transfer mechanism includes: a movable platform, a column, a boom, and a hoisting module; the movable platform is fixedly installed on the left side of the upper surface of the base platform in a left-right direction, and the movable platform is electrically connected to the control box; the column is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform in a vertical direction and is located at the outer left front of the movable platform; the boom is fixedly installed on the top of the column, and the boom is electrically connected to the control box; the hoisting module is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable end of the boom, and the hoisting module is electrically connected to the control box; wherein, a workstation adjustment component is provided at the top of the movable end of the movable platform, and a position adjustment component is provided on the outer left side of the movable platform.

[0011] Preferably, the workstation adjustment component includes: an electric roller base, a mounting frame, a top frame, a semi-annular slide rail, a semi-annular sliding seat, a mounting hole, a ball bearing, a first semi-annular rack, a first motor, and a first gear; the electric roller base is fixedly installed on the top of the moving end of the column, and the electric roller base is electrically connected to the control box; the mounting frame is fixedly installed on the top right side of the moving end of the column; the top frame is fixedly installed on the top left side of the mounting frame, and the top frame is semi-annular in shape; the semi-annular slide rail is fixedly installed circumferentially on the top outer side of the top frame; the semi-annular sliding seat is fixed circumferentially on the top outer side of the top frame. The first semi-annular slide is inserted into the top inner side of the semi-annular slide; there are four mounting holes, which are circumferentially spaced on the inner wall of the semi-annular slide; there are four ball bearings, which are installed in the inner cavities of the four mounting holes; the first semi-annular rack is circumferentially installed on the outer side of the top of the semi-annular slide; the first motor is fixedly installed on the right side of the top of the top frame by a bracket, and the first motor is electrically connected to the base platform; the first gear is installed at the bottom of the rotating end of the first motor, and the first gear meshes with the first semi-annular rack.

[0012] Preferably, the first gear is driven to rotate by the first motor, and through meshing with the first semi-annular rack, the semi-annular sliding seat rotates along the semi-annular sliding groove, and closes with the semi-annular top frame to form a complete annular structure. The inner wall ball bearings reduce friction and achieve radial positioning of the workpiece.

[0013] Preferably, the position adjustment component includes: a non-powered roller base, a semi-annular seat, a second semi-annular rack, a second gear, a second motor, a slot seat, a fixing frame, and a first electric telescopic rod; the non-powered roller base is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform and located on the outer left side of the movable platform; the semi-annular seat is snapped onto the top of the non-powered roller base, and the inner side of the semi-annular seat is U-shaped; there are two second semi-annular racks, which are respectively arranged circumferentially at the left and right ends of the outer middle of the semi-annular seat; there are two second gears, which are respectively rotatably installed at the left and right ends of the inner bottom of the non-powered roller base through a rotating shaft seat, and the two second gears respectively engage with the two second semi-annular racks. The gears mesh; the second motor is fixedly installed on the outside of the unpowered roller base, the rotating end of the second motor extends to the inside of the unpowered roller base and is fixedly connected to the shaft of the two second gears, and the second motor is electrically connected to the control box; there are four slot seats, which are respectively embedded in the four corners of the bottom inner side of the semi-circular seat; the fixing bracket is inserted into the top inner side of the four slot seats; there are two first electric telescopic rods, which are respectively installed on the left and right ends of the bottom outer side of the semi-circular seat, the telescopic ends of the two first electric telescopic rods extend to the inside of the semi-circular seat and are fixedly connected to the bottom left and right sides of the fixing bracket, and the first electric telescopic rods are electrically connected to the control box.

[0014] Preferably, the first electric telescopic rod extends to drive the fixed frame to move upward along the slot seat and fit tightly against the outer wall of the workpiece for limiting. The second motor drives the second gears on both sides to rotate synchronously. Through the meshing transmission with the second semi-annular rack, the semi-annular seat and the internal workpiece are rotated 90 degrees on the unpowered roller base.

[0015] Preferably, the processing mechanism includes: a first vertical frame, a slot plate, a lifting roller frame, and a second electric telescopic rod; the first vertical frame is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform in the vertical direction and is located on the outer right rear side of the movable platform; the slot plate is fixedly installed on the top of the first vertical frame in the front-rear direction; the lifting roller frame is inserted into the inner bottom of the slot plate; the second electric telescopic rod is fixedly installed on the top front side of the slot plate, the telescopic end of the second electric telescopic rod extends out of the lower surface of the slot plate and is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting roller frame, and the second electric telescopic rod is electrically connected to the control box.

[0016] Preferably, the processing mechanism further includes: a base frame, a limiting component, an arranging roller frame, a third electric telescopic rod, a first horizontal moving module, a second vertical frame, a second horizontal moving module, an angle adjustment module, a grinding module, and a vision sensor; the number of the base frames is two, and the two base frames are respectively fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform in the vertical direction, and located on the front and rear sides of the outer side of the movable platform; the number of the limiting components is two, and the two limiting components are respectively fixedly installed on the inner top of the front and rear base frames in the front and rear direction; the number of the arranging roller frames is two, and the two arranging roller frames are respectively installed on the top of the limiting ends of the front and rear limiting components; the number of the third electric telescopic rods is two, and the two third electric telescopic rods are respectively fixedly installed on the middle of the outer top of the front and rear base frames, and the telescopic ends of the front and rear third electric telescopic rods are respectively... The third electric telescopic rod is electrically connected to the control box and is fixedly connected to the inner side of the two arranged roller frames; the first horizontal moving module is installed on the upper surface of the base platform in the front-rear direction and located on the outer front side of the first vertical frame, and is electrically connected to the control box; the second vertical frame is fixedly installed on the top of the moving end of the first horizontal moving module; the second horizontal moving module is installed on the left side of the outer surface of the second vertical frame in the vertical direction, and is electrically connected to the control box; the angle adjustment module is fixedly installed on the left side of the moving end of the second horizontal moving module, and is electrically connected to the control box; the grinding module is fixedly installed on the left side of the moving end of the angle adjustment module, and is electrically connected to the control box; the vision sensor is fixedly installed on the outside of the angle adjustment module, and is electrically connected to the control box.

[0017] Preferably, the third electric telescopic rods on both the front and rear sides extend synchronously, driving the roller frame to move inward under the guidance of the limiting component, and to fit against the front and rear outer walls of the workpiece. The second electric telescopic rod extends, driving the lifting roller frame to move downward and fit against the top outer wall of the workpiece. The electric roller base has a built-in drive motor that drives the roller to rotate, and the workpiece is driven to make stable circumferential rotation under the constraint of the multi-dimensional limiting structure through friction.

[0018] Preferably, the first horizontal moving module drives the vision sensor to extend into the shaft hole, and the second horizontal moving module adjusts its height to a preset processing position; during the circumferential rotation of the workpiece, the vision sensor synchronously acquires high-definition images of the inner wall.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. The first electric telescopic rod extends to drive the fixing frame, causing the fixing frame to move upward inside the slot seat so that the upper surface of the fixing frame is in contact with the outside of the workpiece, thus fixing the workpiece inside the semi-annular seat. The second motor drives the second gears on both sides to rotate synchronously. Under the action of the rotational force of the second gears, the second semi-annular racks on both sides drive the semi-annular seat, causing the semi-annular seat to rotate 90 degrees inside the unpowered roller base. This causes the semi-annular seat to drive the workpiece inside itself to rotate from the horizontal to the vertical direction. The boom drives the lifting module to move above the workpiece inside the semi-annular seat. The lifting module clamps and grabs the workpiece. At the same time, the first electric telescopic rod shortens to drive the fixing frame to move backward along the inside of the slot seat, so that the fixing frame is released from the squeezing and fixing of the workpiece. The boom and the lifting module work together to transport and transfer the workpiece inside the semi-annular seat to the inside of the electric roller base, and insert the workpiece into the inside of the top frame.

[0021] 2. The first motor drives the first gear to rotate, causing the first semi-annular rack to rotate under the rotational force of the first gear. The first semi-annular rack drives the semi-annular sliding seat, causing the semi-annular sliding seat to rotate along the inner side of the semi-annular sliding groove to above the opening position of the top frame. This achieves the ring-shaped structure after the semi-annular sliding seat and the top frame are closed, fitting around the outside of the workpiece. The moving platform drives the electric roller base to move the workpiece to the processing position inside the processing mechanism. The third electric telescopic rods on the front and rear sides extend synchronously to drive the roller frames arranged in the corresponding positions to move inward under the constraint of the limiting components. The rollers in the front and rear roller frames contact the front and rear sides of the outer wall of the workpiece. The second electric telescopic rod extends to drive the lifting roller frame, which moves downward along the inner side of the slot plate, so that the outer surface of the rollers in the lifting roller frame is in contact with the workpiece. The workpiece is attached to the upper part of the outer wall. The motor inside the electric roller base drives the roller to rotate. Under the action of the friction of the roller in the electric roller base, the first horizontal moving module drives the second vertical frame to move to the rear side. The second vertical frame drives the grinding module and vision sensor to insert into the workpiece shaft hole. The second horizontal moving module drives the angle adjustment module to move downward. The grinding module and vision sensor outside the angle adjustment module move to a specified height position close to the inner ring of the workpiece. The vision sensor collects image data while rotating circumferentially on the inner wall of the workpiece shaft hole. It generates the coordinates of the defect position through the built-in image analysis algorithm. The angle adjustment module controls the grinding module to move to the specified angle position according to the coordinate position information. The motor inside the grinding module drives the grinding wheel to perform grinding and polishing.

[0022] This enables automated collaborative operation of the entire process of machining shaft holes for large forgings, reducing the intensity of manual intervention. Through posture transformation and multi-dimensional positioning mechanisms, it can ensure the stability and coaxiality of the workpiece during the machining process, significantly improve the dimensional accuracy and surface quality consistency of shaft hole machining, and quickly identify and accurately handle various defects on the inner wall of the shaft hole, thereby improving the overall machining efficiency and being compatible with the machining needs of large forgings of different specifications and sizes, thus reducing equipment adaptation costs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the transfer mechanism;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the machining mechanism;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point C.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Base platform; 2. Control box; 3. Transfer mechanism; 31. Moving platform; 32. Column; 33. Hoist; 34. Lifting module; 35. Electric roller base; 36. Mounting frame; 37. Top frame; 38. Semi-annular slide rail; 39. Semi-annular sliding seat; 310. Mounting hole; 311. Ball bearing; 312. First semi-annular rack; 313. First motor; 314. First gear; 315. Unpowered roller base; 316. Semi-annular seat; 317. Second semi-annular rack; 318. Second gear 319. Second motor; 320. Slot seat; 321. Fixing frame; 322. First electric telescopic rod; 4. Processing mechanism; 41. First vertical frame; 42. Slot plate; 43. Lifting roller frame; 44. Second electric telescopic rod; 45. Base frame; 46. Limiting component; 47. Arranging roller frame; 48. Third electric telescopic rod; 49. First horizontal movement module; 410. Second vertical frame; 411. Second horizontal movement module; 412. Angle adjustment module; 413. Grinding module; 414. Vision sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-6This invention provides a technical solution: a large forging shaft hole machining device, comprising: a base platform 1, a control box 2, a transfer mechanism 3, and a machining mechanism 4. The base platform 1 is a customized heavy-duty platform, which can stably support all components of the entire device, providing a flat and stable installation reference for the operation of the transfer mechanism 3 and the machining mechanism 4, and avoiding the impact of platform vibration or deformation on machining accuracy. The control box 2 is installed in the middle of the rear side of the upper surface of the base platform 1. The control box 2 adopts a PLC intelligent control box, equipped with 16 digital input modules, 16 digital output modules, and 4 analog input modules. It can preset and store multiple machining process programs, communicate with various electric components and sensors through a bus, receive image data from vision sensors and perform analysis and processing, and simultaneously output control signals accurately to drive each component to operate collaboratively according to the preset process. The control box is equipped with a 7-inch touch screen, supports manual / automatic mode switching, and can display the operating status of each component and fault alarm information in real time, which is convenient for operators to operate and maintain. The transfer mechanism 3 is located on the left side of the upper surface of the base platform 1; the machining mechanism 4 is located on the upper surface of the base platform 1 and is located on the right side of the transfer mechanism 3.

[0032] As a preferred option, further, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the transfer mechanism 3 includes: a movable platform 31, a column 32, a boom 33, and a lifting module 34. The movable platform 31 is fixedly installed on the left side of the upper surface of the base platform 1 in the left-right direction. The movable platform 31 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The movable platform 31 is a heavy-duty linear module movable platform. This movable platform adopts a gear and rack transmission method and is equipped with a servo motor, which can drive the upper components to move smoothly in the left-right direction, realizing the precise transfer of workpieces from the transfer area to the processing area. The column 32 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform 1 in the up-down direction and is located on the outer left front of the movable platform 31. The boom 33 is fixedly installed on the top of the column 32. The boom 33 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The boom 33 is an electric folding boom equipped with a braking motor. The machine achieves precise start-stop and positioning. Under the command of the control box 2, it can drive the hoisting module 34 to perform horizontal rotation and radial movement, hoisting the workpiece from the semi-circular seat 316 to the electric roller base 35 of the mobile platform 31, completing the cross-area transfer of the workpiece. The hoisting module 34 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the moving end of the boom 33. The hoisting module 34 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The hoisting module 34 uses an electric hydraulic clamping module and is equipped with a pressure sensor. It can automatically adjust the clamping opening according to the size of the workpiece. Under the drive of the boom 33, it can firmly clamp the workpiece. The clamping force is monitored in real time by the pressure sensor to avoid damage to the workpiece due to excessive clamping or drop of the workpiece due to excessive clamping. The top of the moving end of the mobile platform 31 is equipped with a work position adjustment component.

[0033] More specifically, the workstation adjustment components include: an electric roller base 35, a mounting bracket 36, a top bracket 37, a semi-annular sliding groove 38, a semi-annular sliding seat 39, a mounting hole 310, a ball bearing 311, a first semi-annular rack 312, a first motor 313, and a first gear 314. The electric roller base 35 is fixedly installed on the top of the moving end of the column 32. The electric roller base 35 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The electric roller base 35 is a heavy-duty electric roller frame base, equipped with 4 sets of polyurethane rollers. The roller drive motor drives the rollers to rotate under the command of the control box 2, and drives the workpiece to rotate circumferentially through friction, which is for subsequent... The continuous shaft hole is ground around its entire circumference to provide stable rotational power; the mounting bracket 36 is fixedly installed on the top right side of the moving end of the column 32; the top bracket 37 is fixedly installed on the top left side of the mounting bracket 36, and the top bracket 37 is semi-circular in shape; the semi-circular sliding groove 38 is fixedly installed on the top outer side of the top bracket 37 circumferentially; the semi-circular sliding seat 39 is inserted into the top inner side of the semi-circular sliding groove 38 circumferentially, and a guide block is installed at the mating point between the semi-circular sliding seat 39 and the semi-circular sliding groove 38. The inner ring is finely ground and can rotate along the semi-circular sliding groove 38 under the drive of the first motor 313, closing with the top bracket 37 to form a complete annular structure. The workpiece is radially limited throughout its entire circumference. Four mounting holes 310 are provided, spaced circumferentially on the inner wall of the semi-annular sliding seat 39. Four balls 311 are installed within the cavities of the four mounting holes 310. The balls 311 are made of bearing steel and precision-ground to reduce friction between the workpiece and the inner wall of the semi-annular sliding seat 39, allowing the workpiece to rotate smoothly circumferentially within the annular positioning structure while preventing direct friction and surface damage. A first semi-annular rack 312 is circumferentially mounted on the semi-annular sliding seat 39. The top outer side of the seat 39; the first motor 313 is fixedly installed on the top right side of the top frame 37 by a bracket. The first motor 313 is electrically connected to the base platform 1. The first motor 313 is a servo geared motor, which can provide precise power for the rotation of the semi-annular sliding seat 39. Under the command of the control box 2, the semi-annular sliding seat 39 can be accurately started, stopped and angularly positioned to ensure that it can be accurately closed with the top frame 37 to form an annular structure; the first gear 314 is installed at the bottom of the rotating end of the first motor 313. The first gear 314 meshes with the first semi-annular rack 312; a position adjustment component is provided on the outer left side of the movable platform 31.

[0034] More specifically, the position adjustment components include: a non-powered roller base 315, a semi-annular seat 316, a second semi-annular rack 317, a second gear 318, a second motor 319, a slot seat 320, a fixing frame 321, and a first electric telescopic rod 322; the non-powered roller base 315 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform 1 and is located on the outer left side of the movable platform 31; the semi-annular seat 316 is snapped onto the top of the non-powered roller base 315, and the inner side of the semi-annular seat 316 is U-shaped; there are two second semi-annular racks 317, which are respectively arranged circumferentially on the outer middle left side of the semi-annular seat 316. At both ends on the right; there are two second gears 318, which are rotatably mounted on the left and right ends of the bottom inner side of the unpowered roller base 315 via rotating shaft seats. The two second gears 318 mesh with two second semi-annular racks 317 respectively. A second motor 319 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the unpowered roller base 315. The rotating end of the second motor 319 extends to the inside of the unpowered roller base 315 and is fixedly connected to the shaft of the two second gears 318. The second motor 319 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The second motor 319 is a servo geared motor, with its rotating end extending to the inside of the base and meshing with the shaft of the two second gears 318. The shaft of component 8 is fixedly connected by a coupling, and under the command of control box 2, the semi-annular seat can be precisely rotated 90° to ensure that the workpiece can be accurately converted from a horizontal to a vertical state. There are four slot seats 320, which are respectively embedded in the four corners of the inner bottom of the semi-annular seat 316. The slot seats 320 are square, with guide grooves machined inside and the surface precision ground to provide sliding guidance for the fixing frame 321, ensuring that the fixing frame 321 can move smoothly in the vertical direction, while limiting the horizontal displacement of the fixing frame 321 and improving the positioning accuracy of the fixing frame 321. The fixing frame 321 is inserted into the four slot seats. The inner top of the slot seat 320; there are two first electric telescopic rods 322, which are respectively installed on the left and right ends of the bottom of the semi-circular seat 316. The telescopic ends of the two first electric telescopic rods 322 extend to the inner side of the semi-circular seat 316 and are fixedly connected to the bottom left and right sides of the fixed frame 321. The first electric telescopic rods 322 are electrically connected to the base platform 1. The first electric telescopic rods 322 are heavy-duty electric telescopic rods, which can realize telescopic action under the command of the control box 2, thereby providing power for the up and down movement of the fixed frame 321, driving the fixed frame 321 to complete the clamping and releasing action of the workpiece.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the processing mechanism 4 further includes: a first vertical frame 41, a slot plate 42, a lifting roller frame 43, a second electric telescopic rod 44, a base frame 45, a limiting assembly 46, an arranging roller frame 47, a third electric telescopic rod 48, a first horizontal movement module 49, a second vertical frame 410, a second horizontal movement module 411, an angle adjustment module 412, a grinding module 413, and a vision sensor 414; the first vertical frame 41 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform 1 in the vertical direction and is located on the outer right rear side of the movable platform 31; the slot plate 42 is fixedly installed on the top of the first vertical frame 41 in the front-rear direction; the lifting roller frame 43 is inserted into the inner bottom of the slot plate 42, and the lifting roller... The roller frame 43 is a combined roller frame made of aluminum alloy, equipped with polyurethane-coated rollers. The rollers can rotate freely and move downwards under the drive of the second electric telescopic rod 44. Through the contact between the rollers and the outer wall of the top of the workpiece, and in conjunction with the roller frame 47, the top positioning of the workpiece is achieved without affecting the circumferential rotation of the workpiece, thus reducing wear on the workpiece surface. The second electric telescopic rod 44 is fixedly installed on the front side of the top of the slot plate 42. The telescopic end of the second electric telescopic rod 44 extends out of the lower surface of the slot plate 42 and is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting roller frame 43. The second electric telescopic rod 44 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The second electric telescopic rod 44 is a high-precision electric telescopic rod and is fixedly installed on the slot plate 42 by a bracket. The top front side of the 2nd section has a telescopic end that passes through the reserved hole in the slot plate 42 and is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting roller frame 43 by a pin. It can extend and retract under the command of the control box 2, driving the roller frame to precisely engage or disengage with the top of the workpiece, providing precise power for the lifting action of the lifting roller frame 43. There are two base frames 45, which are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform 1 in the vertical direction and located on the front and rear sides of the movable platform 31. There are two limiting components 46, which are fixedly installed on the inner top of the front and rear base frames 45 in the front and rear direction. The limiting components 46 are linear guide components with built-in high-precision linear guide rails and sliders, capable of arranging... The roller frame 47 provides precise horizontal guidance, restricts the vertical displacement of the roller frame 47, and ensures that the roller frame 47 can move smoothly inward in the front-back direction under the drive of the third electric telescopic rod 48, and precisely fit with the front and rear outer walls of the workpiece. There are two roller frames 47, which are respectively installed on the top of the limiting ends of the front and rear limiting components 46. The roller frame 47 is a heavy-duty roller frame, and each roller frame is equipped with 5 sets of stainless steel rollers that can rotate freely. Through the large-area contact between the multiple sets of rollers and the front and rear outer walls of the workpiece, the front-back positioning and locking of the workpiece is achieved. At the same time, the free rotation characteristics of the rollers do not hinder the circumferential rotation of the workpiece, ensuring the stability of the workpiece rotation during the processing.There are two third electric telescopic rods 48, which are fixedly installed on the top outer middle of the front and rear base frames 45 respectively. The telescopic ends of the front and rear third electric telescopic rods 48 are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the two arranged roller frames 47 respectively. The third electric telescopic rods 48 are electrically connected to the control box 2. The third electric telescopic rods 48 are heavy-duty electric telescopic rods with synchronous control function, which can provide synchronous power to the two arranged roller frames 47, driving them to move synchronously inward or outward along the limiting component 46, so as to realize the adaptation clamping and releasing of workpieces of different diameters. The first horizontal moving module 49 is installed on the upper surface of the base platform 1 in the front-rear direction and is located outside the first vertical frame 41. On one side, the first horizontal moving module 49 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The first horizontal moving module 49 is a heavy-duty linear module. The module adopts ball screw transmission and is equipped with a servo motor, which can drive the second vertical frame 410 and subsequent grinding and inspection components to move precisely in the front-to-back direction, realizing the precise insertion and withdrawal of the grinding module 413 and vision sensor 414 into the workpiece shaft hole, ensuring the accuracy of the processing starting position. The second vertical frame 410 is fixedly installed on the top of the moving end of the first horizontal moving module 49. The second horizontal moving module 411 is installed on the left side of the outer surface of the second vertical frame 410 in the vertical direction. The second horizontal moving module 411 is electrically connected to the control box 2. A high-precision vertical linear module is selected, which adopts ball screw drive and is equipped with a small servo motor. It can drive the angle adjustment module 412, the grinding module 413, and the vision sensor 414 to move precisely in the vertical direction, adjusting the height position of detection and grinding to adapt to the processing requirements of shaft holes of different lengths, ensuring that defect detection and grinding can be covered across the entire height range of shaft holes. The angle adjustment module 412 is fixedly installed on the left side of the moving end of the second horizontal moving module 411. The angle adjustment module 412 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The angle adjustment module 412 uses a high-precision electric rotary table, which is equipped with an absolute encoder to provide real-time feedback of the angle position and receive the defect position coordinate signal sent by the control box 2 to drive the grinding module. The block 413 and vision sensor 414 are precisely rotated to ensure that the grinding module 413 can accurately align with the defective part of the inner wall of the shaft hole, achieving targeted grinding and improving processing accuracy. The grinding module 413 is fixedly installed on the left side of the moving end of the angle adjustment module 412. The grinding module 413 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The grinding module 413 uses an electric high-speed grinding module. The module is equipped with a diamond grinding wheel and has a built-in pressure sensor. Under the command of the control box 2, it starts high-speed rotation to accurately grind and polish the defects on the inner wall of the shaft hole detected by the vision sensor 414. The pressure sensor monitors the grinding pressure in real time to avoid excessive pressure damaging the workpiece or insufficient pressure causing incomplete grinding, ensuring the consistency of processing quality.The vision sensor 414 is fixedly installed outside the angle adjustment module 412. The vision sensor 414 is electrically connected to the control box 2. The vision sensor 414 uses an industrial high-definition vision inspection camera, equipped with an LED light source and a macro lens. It can acquire high-definition image data of the inner wall of the shaft hole in real time during the circumferential rotation of the workpiece and transmit it to the control box 2. Through a built-in image analysis algorithm, it quickly identifies the type and precise location of defects on the inner wall of the shaft hole, generates defect coordinates, and feeds them back to the control box 2. This provides data support for the actions of the angle adjustment module 412 and the grinding module 413, realizing automated closed-loop control of detection, positioning, and grinding.

[0036] The specific tasks are as follows:

[0037] Step 1: The operator uses external handling equipment to move and lift the large forging workpiece to be processed to the designated position. Then, the workpiece is slowly inserted horizontally into the inner side of the semi-annular seat 316 of the transfer mechanism to ensure that the workpiece is centered. After the workpiece is placed, the operator starts the internal preset program through the operation interface of the control box 2, and sequentially controls the first electric telescopic rod 322 and the second motor 319 of the position adjustment component, as well as the boom 33 and the lifting module 34 of the transfer component to start running. The first electric telescopic rod 322 extends, driving the fixed frame 321 connected to it to slide upward along the inner side of the slot seat 320 until the upper surface of the fixed frame 321 is in close contact with the outer wall of the workpiece, thereby limiting the workpiece to the inner side of the semi-annular seat 316 to prevent displacement during subsequent flipping. At the same time, the second motor 319 starts and drives the second gears 318 on both sides to rotate synchronously. The second semi-annular rack 317 on the outer side of the semi-annular seat 316 meshes with the second gear 318. Under the transmission of the rotational force of the second gear 318, the semi-annular seat 316 drives the internally fixed workpiece to rotate 90 degrees on the unpowered roller base 315, realizing the posture transformation of the workpiece from a horizontal state to a vertical state. After the posture transformation is completed, the boom 33 drives the lifting module 34 to move to the workpiece directly above the inner side of the semi-annular seat 316 under the program control. The grippers of the lifting module 34 open and clamp the top of the workpiece. The first electric telescopic rod 322 shortens, driving the fixing frame 321 to retract along the inside of the slot seat 320, releasing the squeezing and fixing of the workpiece. The boom 33 and the lifting module 34 work together to smoothly remove the workpiece from the semi-annular seat 316, transport and transfer it to the inner side of the electric roller base 35 of the movable platform 31. At the same time, the lower end of the workpiece is inserted into the semi-annular inner side of the top frame 37, completing the connection between loading and transfer.

[0038] Step 2: After the material is loaded, the internal program of control box 2 automatically switches to processing mode, and simultaneously starts the first motor 313, the moving platform 31, the third electric telescopic rod 48, the second electric telescopic rod 44, the first horizontal moving module 49, the second horizontal moving module 411, the vision sensor 414, the angle adjustment module 412, and the grinding module 413, entering the automated processing stage.

[0039] Workpiece closed-loop positioning: The first motor 313 drives the first gear 314 at the output end to rotate. Through the meshing transmission of the gear and rack, the first semi-annular rack 312 and the semi-annular sliding seat 39 connected thereto rotate along the inner side of the semi-annular sliding groove 38 until the semi-annular sliding seat 39 rotates to the opening position above the top frame 37, together with the top frame 37 to form a complete annular structure, and fits on the outside of the workpiece to realize the radial limit of the workpiece. The moving platform 31 drives the electric roller base 35 to move the workpiece smoothly to the core processing area of ​​the processing mechanism 4.

[0040] Workpiece rotation posture locking: The third electric telescopic rods 48 on the front and rear sides extend synchronously, driving the corresponding roller frame 47 to move inward under the guidance and constraint of the limiting component 46 until the rollers of the two sets of roller frames 47 contact the front and rear sides of the outer wall of the workpiece. The second electric telescopic rod 44 extends, driving the lifting roller frame 43 to move downward along the inner side of the slot plate 42, so that the rollers of the lifting roller frame 43 are in contact with the upper part of the outer wall of the workpiece. The drive motor inside the electric roller base 35 starts, and under the friction between the roller and the workpiece, the workpiece is driven to make stable circumferential rotation under the joint constraint of the annular positioning structure, the lifting roller frame 43 and the roller frame 47, providing conditions for full circumferential shaft hole processing.

[0041] Shaft hole inspection and grinding: The first horizontal moving module 49 drives the second vertical frame 410 to move backward, causing the grinding module 413 and vision sensor 414 to be inserted into the shaft hole of the workpiece. The second horizontal moving module 411 drives the angle adjustment module 412 to move downward, adjusting the height of the grinding module 413 and vision sensor 414 until they reach the preset processing height position of the inner ring of the workpiece. During the circumferential rotation of the workpiece, the vision sensor 414 synchronously collects image data of the inner wall of the shaft hole. The built-in image analysis algorithm processes the image in real time, quickly identifies the defects in the inner wall of the shaft hole and generates accurate defect position coordinates. The angle adjustment module 412 adjusts the angle of the grinding module 413 in real time according to the defect coordinate information to ensure that the grinding wheel is aligned with the defect position. Then, the drive motor inside the grinding module 413 starts, driving the grinding wheel to rotate at high speed, and performs targeted grinding and polishing on the defective parts of the inner wall of the shaft hole until the inner wall of the shaft hole reaches the preset processing accuracy requirements.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A large forging shaft hole machining device, characterized in that, include: Base platform (1); The control box (2) is installed on the middle of the rear side of the upper surface of the base platform (1); The transfer mechanism (3) is located on the left side of the upper surface of the base platform (1); The processing mechanism (4) is located on the upper surface of the base platform (1) and is located to the right of the transfer mechanism (3); The transfer mechanism (3) includes: A movable platform (31) is fixedly installed on the left side of the upper surface of the base platform (1) in the left-right direction, and the movable platform (31) and the control box (2) are electrically connected. The column (32) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform (1) in the vertical direction and is located on the outer left front of the movable platform (31); The boom (33) is fixedly installed on the top of the column (32), and the boom (33) is electrically connected to the control box (2); The hoisting module (34) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the moving end of the boom (33), and the hoisting module (34) is electrically connected to the control box (2); The mobile platform (31) has a workstation adjustment component on the top of its mobile end and a position adjustment component on the outer left side of its exterior. The position adjustment component includes: The non-powered roller base (315) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform (1) and located on the outer left side of the movable platform (31); A semi-circular seat (316) is snapped onto the top of the unpowered roller base (315), and the inner side of the semi-circular seat (316) is U-shaped. The second semi-annular rack (317) has two components, and the two second semi-annular racks (317) are respectively arranged circumferentially at the left and right ends of the outer middle part of the semi-annular seat (316). The second gear (318) has two components. The two second gears (318) are rotatably mounted on the left and right ends of the bottom inner side of the unpowered roller base (315) through the rotating shaft seat. The two second gears (318) mesh with the two second semi-annular racks (317) respectively. The second motor (319) is fixedly installed on the outside of the unpowered roller base (315). The rotating end of the second motor (319) extends to the inside of the unpowered roller base (315) and is fixedly connected to the shaft of the two second gears (318). The second motor (319) is electrically connected to the control box (2). The number of slot seats (320) is four, and the four slot seats (320) are respectively embedded in the four corners of the bottom inner side of the semi-circular seat (316); The mounting bracket (321) is inserted into the top of the inner side of the four slot seats (320); The first electric telescopic rod (322) has two parts. The two first electric telescopic rods (322) are respectively installed on the left and right ends of the bottom of the semi-circular seat (316). The telescopic ends of the two first electric telescopic rods (322) extend to the inner side of the semi-circular seat (316) and are fixedly connected to the bottom left and right sides of the fixing frame (321). The first electric telescopic rod (322) is electrically connected to the control box (2).

2. The large forging shaft hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workstation adjustment component includes: An electric roller base (35) is fixedly installed on the top of the moving end of the column (32), and the electric roller base (35) is electrically connected to the control box (2); Mounting bracket (36) is fixedly installed on the top right side of the movable end of the column (32); The top frame (37) is fixedly installed on the top left side of the mounting bracket (36), and the top frame (37) is semi-circular in shape; A semi-annular sliding groove (38) is fixedly installed on the outer top of the top frame (37) in the circumferential direction; The semi-annular sliding seat (39) is inserted circumferentially into the top of the inner side of the semi-annular sliding groove (38); Mounting holes (310), the number of mounting holes (310) is four, and the four mounting holes (310) are respectively opened circumferentially at intervals on the inner wall of the semi-annular sliding seat (39); Ball bearings (311), the number of which is four, and the four balls (311) are respectively installed in the inner cavity of four mounting holes (310); The first semi-annular rack (312) is circumferentially mounted on the outer side of the top end of the semi-annular sliding seat (39); The first motor (313) is fixedly installed on the top right side of the top frame (37) by a bracket, and the first motor (313) is electrically connected to the base platform (1); The first gear (314) is installed at the bottom of the rotating end of the first motor (313), and the first gear (314) meshes with the first semi-annular rack (312).

3. The large forging shaft hole machining device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first motor (313) drives the first gear (314) to rotate. Through meshing with the first semi-annular rack (312), the semi-annular sliding seat (39) rotates along the semi-annular sliding groove (38) and closes with the semi-annular top frame (37) to form a complete annular structure. The inner wall ball bearings (311) reduce friction and achieve radial positioning of the workpiece.

4. The large forging shaft hole machining device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first electric telescopic rod (322) extends to drive the fixed frame (321) to move upward along the slot seat (320) and fit tightly against the outer wall of the workpiece to limit its position. The second motor (319) drives the second gears (318) on both sides to rotate synchronously. Through the meshing transmission with the second semi-annular rack (317), the semi-annular seat (316) and the internal workpiece are rotated 90 degrees on the unpowered roller base (315).

5. A large forging shaft hole machining device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The processing mechanism (4) includes: The first vertical frame (41) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform (1) in the vertical direction and is located on the outer right rear side of the movable platform (31); The slot plate (42) is fixedly installed on the top of the first vertical frame (41) in the front-back direction; The lifting roller frame (43) is inserted into the bottom inner side of the slot plate (42); The second electric telescopic rod (44) is fixedly installed on the front side of the top of the slot plate (42). The telescopic end of the second electric telescopic rod (44) extends out of the lower surface of the slot plate (42) and is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting roller frame (43). The second electric telescopic rod (44) is electrically connected to the control box (2).

6. A large forging shaft hole machining device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The processing mechanism (4) also includes: The number of base frames (45) is two. The two base frames (45) are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base platform (1) in the vertical direction and are located on the front and rear sides of the outside of the movable platform (31). Limiting components (46), the number of the limiting components (46) is two, and the two limiting components (46) are respectively fixedly installed on the top inner side of the front and rear base frames (45) in the front and rear directions; Two roller frames (47) are arranged, and the two roller frames (47) are respectively installed on the top of the limiting ends of the front and rear limiting components (46); The third electric telescopic rod (48) has two components. The two third electric telescopic rods (48) are fixedly installed on the middle of the top outer side of the front and rear base frames (45). The telescopic ends of the front and rear third electric telescopic rods (48) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the two roller frames (47). The third electric telescopic rods (48) are electrically connected to the control box (2). The first horizontal moving module (49) is installed on the upper surface of the base platform (1) in the front-rear direction and is located on the outer front side of the first vertical frame (41). The first horizontal moving module (49) and the control box (2) are electrically connected. The second vertical frame (410) is fixedly installed on the top of the moving end of the first horizontal moving module (49); The second horizontal moving module (411) is installed on the left side of the outer surface of the second vertical frame (410) in the vertical direction. The second horizontal moving module (411) and the control box (2) are electrically connected. An angle adjustment module (412) is fixedly installed on the left side of the moving end of the second horizontal moving module (411), and the angle adjustment module (412) is electrically connected to the control box (2); The grinding module (413) is fixedly installed on the left side of the moving end of the angle adjustment module (412), and the grinding module (413) is electrically connected to the control box (2); A vision sensor (414) is fixedly installed outside the angle adjustment module (412), and the vision sensor (414) is electrically connected to the control box (2).

7. A large forging shaft hole machining device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third electric telescopic rod (48) on the front and rear sides extends synchronously, driving the roller frame (47) to move inward under the guidance of the limiting component (46) and fit against the front and rear outer walls of the workpiece. The second electric telescopic rod (44) extends and drives the lifting roller frame (43) to move downward and fit against the top outer wall of the workpiece. The electric roller base (35) has a built-in drive motor that drives the roller to rotate. Through friction, the workpiece is driven to make stable circumferential rotation under the constraint of the multi-dimensional limiting structure.

8. A large forging shaft hole machining device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first horizontal moving module (49) drives the vision sensor (414) to extend into the shaft hole, and the second horizontal moving module (411) adjusts its height to the preset processing position; during the circumferential rotation of the workpiece, the vision sensor (414) synchronously acquires high-definition images of the inner wall.

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