Ice lake dam breach anti-corrosion slow-seepage and in-situ cementation synergistic reinforcing structure and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ice lake dam breach reinforcement, and discloses an ice lake dam breach corrosion-resistant slow-seepage and in-situ cementation synergistic reinforcement structure and method.The reinforcement structure comprises a flexible corrosion-resistant slow-seepage cushion layer and a double-liquid slow-release in-situ cementation system, the flexible corrosion-resistant slow-seepage cushion layer is laid on the surface layer of an ice lake dam breach section and tightly attached to the surface of a dam body, and the double-liquid slow-release in-situ cementation system is laid on the surface layer of the ice lake dam breach section; the flexible corrosion-resistant slow-seepage cushion layer sequentially comprises a wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer, a flexible framework inverted filter layer and a slow-seepage attaching base pad from top to bottom, the double-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system is arranged on a dam body shallow layer below the flexible corrosion-resistant slow-seepage cushion layer, and the double-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system comprises a plurality of working liquid hollow pipes and a plurality of trigger liquid hollow pipes which are arranged in a staggered mode; and the liquid release area of the working liquid hollow pipe and the liquid release area of the trigger liquid hollow pipe are spatially staggered. According to the method, the anti-scouring capacity of the surface layer can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, a shallow cementation-shear-resistant-corrosion-resistant structure is enhanced, the stability of the whole dam body is improved, and the requirements for high and cold areas, low disturbance and long-term service are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ice lake dam breach reinforcement technology, and more specifically to a structure and method for synergistic reinforcement of ice lake dam breaches with anti-corrosion and seepage control and in-situ bonding. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of global warming, glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding mountains are retreating at an accelerated pace, leading to a continuous increase in the number and volume of natural glacial lakes formed by glacial moraine accumulation. Influenced by factors such as glacial avalanches and extreme weather events, glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) have become one of the most destructive and widespread types of disasters in high-altitude mountainous regions. These floods are characterized by high peak flows, high energy, strong erosion, and long-range propagation; the massive volume of water released in a short period can cause devastating damage to downstream residential areas, transportation infrastructure, and water conservancy projects.

[0003] As the core water-retaining structure of glacial lakes, the stability of the breach section of a glacial dam directly determines the scale and rate of breach. Glacial dams are composed of loose glacial till with significantly varying particle sizes, exhibiting weak natural cementation, high porosity, and extremely poor erosion resistance. When surges or spillways concentrate on the breach, the dam surface experiences intense shear erosion, leading to headwater erosion at the base and scouring and collapse at the toes of the slopes. Simultaneously, water flow oscillations cause fluctuations in pore water pressure, accelerating the migration of fine particles and inducing internal erosion (piping) and local instability. Numerous studies have shown that the initial erosion and downcutting rates in the breach area directly determine the intensity of flood formation. Without effective protection, the dam may completely destabilize within hours. Therefore, developing efficient, low-disturbance, and sustainable protection technologies suitable for glacial lake dam breach sections is a crucial aspect of GLOF disaster prevention and control.

[0004] Currently, the protection and reinforcement technologies used for breaches in glacial lake dams mainly focus on conventional hydraulic structures such as earth-rock dams, silt-retention dams, and dikes. For example, Chinese invention patent CN102286956A discloses a flexible anti-erosion revetment system and its implementation method, which forms a flexible revetment that can deform with the terrain by connecting multiple unit concrete blocks with steel cables. Combined with geotextiles, it achieves reverse filtration to prevent the loss of fine particles. It is mainly used for surface anti-erosion protection of dikes, dams and revetments. For example, the grouting material and grouting method disclosed in Chinese invention patent CN103193454A, which is suitable for sand layer reinforcement, uses a two-liquid reaction system of water glass and CaCl2 to generate SiO2 gel in the soil, which improves the cohesion of the sand layer and reduces permeability. It is suitable for leakage, piping control and dam reinforcement. For example, Chinese invention patent CN101486555A discloses a method for constructing cast-in-place reverse filter permeable ecological concrete and its slope protection. By adjusting the porosity, it achieves slope erosion resistance and seepage pressure reduction, and has both reverse filter and permeable functions. It is used for surface protection of dams and revetment projects.

[0005] While the above technologies are effective in protecting conventional hydraulic structures, their application to breach sections of glacial lake dams presents significant technical drawbacks due to the extreme cold environment, the loose dam structure, and the unique conditions of synergistic erosion involving surface scouring and internal seepage: Poor fit of protective structure and high risk of overturning: Traditional flexible revetment, concrete block or permeable concrete structure is difficult to adapt to the rough and uneven surface of glacial till dam and the uneven particle size distribution. It is easy to cause local voids and stress concentration, which leads to the scour to re-concentrate at the edge and the protective effect is greatly reduced. Functional failure in low-temperature environments: Cement-based, water glass-based grouting materials and conventional protective materials exhibit significantly reduced reaction rates and incomplete bonding in low-temperature environments below -10℃. Furthermore, the viscosity of the grout increases and the diffusion radius decreases, making it impossible to form a stable solidified body or an effective protective layer. Consequently, they are ill-suited to the extreme low-temperature conditions of -30℃ at ice lake dams. Construction disturbance is significant and near-hole blockage is likely to occur: Traditional grouting technology requires high-pressure drilling, which significantly disturbs the loose glacial till layer and poses risks of water lifting, overflow and structural damage; at the same time, dual-liquid mixed injection or parallel grouting can easily cause the grout to solidify rapidly near the borehole opening, forming a "near-hole shell blockage" that cannot effectively diffuse along the seepage direction; Separation of anti-erosion and bonding functions: Existing technologies often design surface erosion resistance and internal reinforcement separately, lacking structural coupling and seepage coordination. Surface protection can only resist erosion in the short term and cannot inhibit seepage erosion and fine particle migration inside the dam body, making it difficult to maintain the overall stability of the dam body in the long term; Short protective lifespan and high maintenance costs: Flexible protective pads are prone to aging, cracking or lifting under long-term surge impact and freeze-thaw cycles; the chemical grouting system has no continuous effect after the reaction is completed, lacks slow release and self-reinforcing ability, and cannot meet the long-term protection needs of ice lake dam breaches, requiring frequent maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a structure and method for synergistic reinforcement of ice lake dam breach with anti-erosion and seepage control and in-situ cementation, which can significantly improve the surface erosion resistance, while enhancing the shallow cementation-shear-erosion resistance structure, improving the overall dam stability, and meeting the requirements of high altitude, low disturbance and long-term service.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic reinforcement structure for corrosion resistance, seepage prevention, and in-situ bonding at the breach of a glacial lake dam, comprising a flexible corrosion-resistant and seepage-preventing cushion layer and a dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system. The flexible corrosion-resistant and seepage-preventing cushion layer is laid on the surface of the breach section of the glacial lake dam and is tightly bonded to the dam body surface. The flexible corrosion-resistant and seepage-preventing cushion layer is a multi-layer flexible composite structure, comprising, from top to bottom, a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer, a flexible skeleton filter layer, and a seepage-preventing and conforming base. The dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system is arranged in the shallow layer of the dam body below the flexible corrosion-resistant and seepage-preventing cushion layer. The dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system includes multiple working fluid hollow tubes and multiple trigger fluid hollow tubes arranged in a staggered manner. The working fluid hollow tubes and the trigger fluid hollow tubes are staggered along the main seepage direction of the dam body so that the release area of ​​the working fluid hollow tube and the release area of ​​the trigger fluid hollow tube are spatially misaligned.

[0008] Preferably, the working fluid hollow tube includes an inner wall and an outer wall, and an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, and a pore area control layer is provided in the annular cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the pore region control layer includes a water-soluble delay film and an anti-gel mesh layer, wherein the anti-gel mesh layer is impregnated with an anti-gel agent to delay the gel reaction between the working fluid and the triggering fluid in the near-pore region.

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the pore area control layer is covered with a second reverse filter screen, and the inner wall of the trigger liquid hollow tube is covered with a first reverse filter screen.

[0011] Preferably, the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing pad has through holes at the positions corresponding to the working fluid hollow tube and the trigger fluid hollow tube. The through holes are surrounded by annular edges, which tightly wrap the edges of the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing pad to the outer surfaces of the working fluid hollow tube and the trigger fluid hollow tube, thus preventing the formation of weak seepage zones or concentrated scouring zones at the through holes.

[0012] Preferably, the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer is placed on the outermost surface of the flexible corrosion-resistant and slow-seepage cushion layer and is in direct contact with the surging waves and bottom-flowing water of the lake. The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer is used to withstand the impact of water flow and particle abrasion in the peak flow velocity region, reduce the direct erosion of the flexible corrosion-resistant and slow-seepage cushion layer and the soil below it by near-bed shearing action, and disperse local hydrodynamic energy through the surface rough structure.

[0013] Preferably, the flexible skeleton filter layer is located in the middle of the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer to form the load-bearing skeleton of the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer. The flexible skeleton filter layer has flexibility and a certain in-plane stiffness, which can maintain the overall integrity of the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer under the action of surging waves. The flexible skeleton filter layer has a filtering function to limit the outward loss of fine particles in the shallow surface of the dam body, avoid the formation of erosion cavities or seepage concentration below the flexible skeleton filter layer, and improve the combined stability of the flexible skeleton filter layer and the soil.

[0014] Preferably, the seepage-resistant mat is placed at the bottom of the flexible anti-corrosion seepage-resistant mat layer and is in direct contact with the rough surface of the dam body. The seepage-resistant mat is used to fit the rough surface of the dam body to form a controlled seepage channel under the seepage-resistant mat, avoiding strong seepage pressure and local heave under the seepage-resistant mat, while dispersing local contact pressure and improving the service stability of the seepage-resistant mat on soft or loosely granular substrates.

[0015] Secondly, the synergistic reinforcement method for erosion resistance, seepage inhibition, and in-situ bonding at the breach of a glacial lake dam provided by this invention, applied to the aforementioned synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion resistance, seepage inhibition, and in-situ bonding at the breach of a glacial lake dam, includes the following steps: S1. Dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system layout: The working fluid hollow tube and the trigger fluid hollow tube are staggered along the main seepage direction in the shallow layer of the dam body using a shallow insertion method, so that the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system can directly contact the pore medium of the glacial till. In subsequent operation, the working fluid and trigger fluid can be continuously released into the interior of the dam body, forming an in-situ cementing zone that extends outward along the seepage direction, thereby improving the particle cementing and structural stability of the shallow layer of the dam body. S2. Flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer laying: After the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system is stabilized, the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer is laid on the surface of the breach section. Through holes are opened at the positions of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer corresponding to the exposed section of the hollow tube. The periphery of the through holes is closed and pressed to form a ring-shaped edge, so that the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer is tightly bonded to the dam surface and the hollow tube. S3. Dual-liquid time-sequential slow release: First, the working fluid is slowly released into the shallow layer of the dam body through the working fluid hollow tube, so that the working fluid forms an initial distribution in the pores of the dam body; after a set delay, the trigger fluid is slowly released through the trigger fluid hollow tube, so that the trigger fluid enters the area where the working fluid has been distributed along the seepage direction, merges with the working fluid and undergoes a gel reaction to form an in-situ cemented band.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the reaction sequence and reaction rate of the initial stage of working fluid release are delayed and weakened by the pore domain control layer, so that the gel reaction occurs preferentially in the area away from the inner wall. The working fluid hollow tube filter sleeve set on the outside of the pore domain control layer is used to prevent fine particles in the dam soil from being drawn back into the annular cavity and the inner wall release hole, and to keep the seepage path between the inner wall release hole and the outer wall permeable window unobstructed.

[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the synergistic reinforcement structure for glacial moraine dam breaches, combining anti-erosion and seepage control with in-situ bonding, forms a synergistic protection system of surface anti-erosion and shallow bonding enhancement through the spatial superposition and connection of a dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system deployed in the shallow layer of the dam body and a flexible anti-erosion and seepage control cushion layer tightly bonded to the dam surface. The corresponding material system is adapted to the high-altitude, highly permeable, and easily eroded environmental conditions of glacial moraine dams, achieving the performance requirements of slow seepage control, reverse filtration, delayed gelation, and conformal anti-erosion as required by this invention. Through the synergistic design of structural construction and material configuration, this invention can effectively improve the erosion resistance and self-sustaining capacity of the breach section of a glacial moraine dam without significantly disturbing the dam structure. Other beneficial effects of this invention are described in detail in specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion resistance, seepage slowing, and in-situ cementation at the breach of the ice lake dam according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the two-liquid sustained-release in-situ bonding system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial misalignment arrangement and liquid-liquid release mechanism of the dual-liquid sustained-release in-situ bonding system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the trigger fluid hollow tube of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the trigger liquid hollow tube of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working fluid hollow tube of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the inner tube of the working fluid hollow tube of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the working fluid hollow tube of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible corrosion-resistant and seepage-inhibiting pad layer of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1—Lake water; 2—Geological strata; 3—Glacial lake dam; 4—Dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system; 401—Trigger fluid hollow tube; 402—Working fluid hollow tube; 4011—Trigger fluid hollow tube wall; 4012—First release hole; 4013—First guide head; 4014—First filter screen; 4015—Trigger fluid; 4021—Outer wall; 4022—Inner wall; 4023—Second guide head; 4024—Second release hole; 4025—Pore area control layer; 4026—Second filter screen; 4027—Working fluid; 5—Flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage padding layer; 501—Abrasion-resistant and anti-corrosion layer; 502—Flexible skeleton filter layer; 503—Slow-seepage and conforming base pad 503; 6—Surface flow; 7—Seepage within the dam; 8—Glacial till. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of an exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion and seepage prevention and in-situ bonding of the ice lake dam breach provided by this invention deploys a dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system 4 in the shallow layer of the dam body. The in-situ bonding system adopts a hollow tube slow release + dual-liquid misalignment triggering, which can gradually form a bonding band along the seepage direction, avoiding the failure mode of traditional grouting "near hole first solidification and insufficient outward push", significantly improving the stability of the shallow structure of the dam body. A flexible erosion and seepage prevention cushion layer 5 is laid on the surface of the dam body to achieve surface compliance and shear stress reduction, while also having the functions of reverse filtration and slow seepage prevention, forming an overall protection system with internal and external synergy. The whole process has low disturbance, can be self-reinforcing for a long time, and can work stably under high cold conditions such as -30℃.

[0023] First, within the selected reinforcement area of ​​the breach section, the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system 44 is shallowly inserted into the shallow layer of the dam body, allowing it to directly contact the pore medium of the glacial till. This enables the continuous slow release of working fluid 4027 and triggering fluid 4015 into the dam body during subsequent operation, forming an in-situ cementing zone that extends outward along the seepage direction, thereby improving the particle cementation and structural stability of the shallow layer of the dam body.

[0024] Subsequently, after the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system 4 was installed and stabilized, a flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 was constructed on the surface of the dam. To allow the exposed parts of the pipelines of the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system 4 to pass through the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 to the ground surface, through holes were set at the locations corresponding to the hollow pipes during the construction of the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5. This allowed the upper part of the hollow pipes to retain a necessary exposed section for operation and maintenance, while the remaining area of ​​the cushion layer remained in close contact with the dam surface to withstand the scouring of the surging waves and the action of the bottom-flowing water, thus forming anti-scouring, seepage-slowing, and reverse filtration protection for the surface soil.

[0025] Finally, after the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 is laid, appropriate edge sealing treatment is applied around the through holes to ensure that the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 and the exposed pipelines maintain a tight fit and sealing effect in the connection area. This avoids the creation of new concentrated scour or weak seepage areas due to local hole removal, thereby achieving the dual effect of surface anti-corrosion protection and shallow in-situ bonding reinforcement. Through the above structural arrangement and sequential construction method, this invention can achieve long-term stable protection of the breach section of Binghu Dam 3 under the combined effects of surge impact and seepage erosion without significantly disturbing the dam structure.

[0026] This invention integrates a flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing surface layer 5 with a shallow dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system 4 to form an overall protection system of surface anti-corrosion, shallow cementing, and seepage control. This system enables the two to work synergistically in terms of seepage and structure. The flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing surface layer 5 reduces surface shear stress and stabilizes the seepage boundary, while the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system 4 enhances the internal structural strength and impermeability. The two interact to suppress downcutting of the breach and scouring at the toe of the slope, achieving low-disturbance, sustainable protection, and self-reinforcing reinforcement under cold conditions.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system 4 is deployed inside the breach section of the glacial lake dam 3 via shallow insertion. The main body of each hollow tube (trigger fluid hollow tube 401 and working fluid hollow tube 402) is inserted into the glacial till 8, allowing its release section to directly contact the shallow pores of the dam body, thereby achieving in-situ cementing reinforcement of the target area. The upper end of the hollow tube is left exposed above the dam surface, forming an interface for operation, management, and maintenance. Specifically, the hollow tubes are generally installed vertically or nearly vertically relative to the dam surface, inserting approximately 0.8–0.9 m below the dam surface into the shallow glacial till layer. The upper portion of the hollow tube, approximately 0.10–0.20 m, remains exposed above the ground surface to facilitate fluid connection, pressure monitoring, and necessary start-stop control. The position where the hollow tube protrudes from the surface of the dam is achieved by setting through holes at the corresponding positions of the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5, so that the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 can cover the surface of the dam and form a close transition relationship with the exposed section of the hollow tube.

[0028] By combining the above-mentioned burial depth and exposure height, on the one hand, it is ensured that the working section of the hollow tube is located in the shallow, highly permeable, and easily eroded area of ​​the Binghu Dam 3 breach section, thereby achieving direct cementation modification of the key unstable area; on the other hand, the visible and controllable exposed section at the upper end of the hollow tube is retained, which facilitates subsequent operation management, liquid replenishment and maintenance operations, while avoiding external disturbances from affecting the liquid release section.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system 4 is arranged in a staggered pattern to form an array in the shallow layer of the dam body, consisting of a working fluid hollow tube 402 and a trigger fluid hollow tube 401. The two are staggered along the main seepage direction in a plane, allowing the working fluid 4027 and trigger fluid 4015 to undergo a gel reaction in a predetermined convergence area in the shallow layer of the dam body during operation. The working fluid hollow tube 402 is responsible for continuously and slowly releasing the working fluid 4027 into the dam body pores, while the trigger fluid hollow tube 401 slowly releases the trigger fluid 4015 under a certain delay. Through the staggered arrangement of the two types of hollow tubes, a spatial misalignment exists between the areas where the working fluid 4027 is released and the areas where the trigger fluid 4015 is released, thus promoting the convergence and gel reaction to occur preferentially in areas relatively far from the hollow tube pores, avoiding premature gelation near the release holes of the hollow tubes and preventing blockage. The staggered arrangement described above allows the cementation enhancement effect to be gradually pushed outward along the seepage direction, forming a continuous shallow cementation zone, thereby improving the overall stability of the shallow layer of the dam body in the breach section.

[0030] The staggered operation scheme for the working fluid hollow pipe 402 and the trigger fluid hollow pipe 401 is as follows: In the initial stage of system commissioning, the working fluid hollow pipe 402 is activated first to slowly release the working fluid 4027 into the shallow layer of the dam body, allowing it to form an initial distribution in the dam body pores; after a set delay, the trigger fluid hollow pipe 401 is activated, allowing the trigger fluid 4015 to enter the area where the working fluid has already been distributed along the seepage direction. This staggered operation control method makes it easier for the convergence area of ​​the two types of liquids to form in the external pore domain of the second release hole 4024 far away from the working fluid hollow pipe 402, thereby avoiding near-hole blockage, ensuring the long-term stable slow-release function of the system, and allowing the cementation zone to continuously advance outward along the seepage direction.

[0031] The dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system 4 in this embodiment utilizes the principles of liquid-liquid slow release, spatial misalignment, and temporal staggered peaks to avoid the "near-hole first setting" and "insufficient outward extension" of traditional grouting, thereby achieving controllable cementing that gradually expands along the main seepage direction and improving the adhesion and corrosion resistance stability between shallow particles.

[0032] Flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer 5 through-hole sealing technology: During the construction of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer 5, through holes are opened at the position where the hollow tubes pass through, so that the hollow tubes pass straight through the cushion layer. The cushion layer is then tightened around the through holes, so that the edge of the cushion layer tightly covers the outer surface of the hollow tube, forming a ring-shaped edge. This avoids gaps or voids at the through holes and ensures the continuity of the cushion layer's protection.

[0033] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the triggering fluid hollow tube 401 is composed of a hollow tube body, which has a continuous cavity for conveying the triggering fluid 4015. A first release hole 4012 is provided along the wall 4011 of the triggering fluid hollow tube 401 in the working section, allowing the triggering fluid 4015 to enter the shallow soil pores of the dam body in a slow-release manner, where it interacts with the previously distributed working fluid 4027 inside the dam body. To facilitate the insertion of the triggering fluid hollow tube 401 into the glacial till 8 of the breach section and reduce disturbance to the dam structure during insertion, a first guide head 4013 structure is provided at the buried end of the triggering fluid hollow tube 401. The first guide head 4013 is used to guide the triggering fluid hollow tube 401 body smoothly into the soil, reducing frictional damage to the outer covering components during insertion, and can be adaptively adjusted according to the slope of the dam surface. The inner surface of the triggering fluid hollow tube 401 is provided with a first filter sleeve 4014 to prevent soil particles from being drawn back into the first release hole 4012 and to maintain permeability with the surrounding soil. The first filter sleeve 4014 is kept in close contact with the pressure-bearing pipe wall to accommodate dam deformation without falling off. A certain height of the upper end of the triggering fluid hollow tube 401 is left exposed for fluid circuit connection and operation management, while the buried section is completely placed in the shallow layer of glacial till 8, allowing the triggering fluid 4015 to be slowly released from the first release hole 4012 to the reaction area. Through the above structure, the triggering fluid hollow tube 401 can provide triggering conditions stably for a long time, and work together with the working fluid hollow tube 402 to complete the in-situ cementation and reinforcement of the shallow soil in the breach section.

[0034] like Figure 6-8 As shown, in this embodiment, the hollow working fluid tube 402 adopts a double-walled structure. A functional layer of annular cavity is formed between the inner wall 4022 and the outer wall 4021 to accommodate multiple functional structures, regulating the reaction position and permeation conditions after the working fluid 4027 seeps out. The working fluid 4027 is stored in the reservoir surrounded by the inner wall 4022 and seeps outward through the second release hole 4024 opened in the working section of the inner wall 4022.

[0035] To prevent premature gelation of the working fluid in the vicinity of the second release hole 4024 on the inner wall 4022, which could lead to pore blockage, this invention incorporates a pore area control layer 4025 within the annular cavity between the inner and outer walls 4021. This layer adheres closely to the outer side of the second release hole 4024 on the inner wall 4022. By delaying and weakening the reaction sequence and rate during the initial release of the working fluid 4027, the gelation reaction preferentially occurs in areas far from the inner wall 4022. A second filter screen 4026 is positioned outside the pore area control layer 4025 to prevent fine particles in the dam soil from being drawn back into the annular cavity and the second release hole 4024, while maintaining unobstructed seepage path between the second release hole 4024 and the permeable window on the outer wall 4021. The second filter screen 4026 and the pore area control layer 4025 together constitute the functional treatment zone for the working fluid 4027 before it enters the dam body.

[0036] Furthermore, to achieve low-disturbance insertion and protect the integrity of the functional layer during the soil penetration process, the working fluid hollow tube 402 is equipped with a detachable outer sheath during the construction phase. The outer sheath forms a temporary smooth outer surface on the outside of the functional layer and is detachably connected to the second guide head 4023 at the buried end and the lifting / removing component at the tail end, used to guide the penetration and withstand friction with the soil. After the tube is positioned, the outer sheath is removed from the ground surface and retrieved, allowing the pore area control layer 4025 and the second filter screen 4026 to directly contact the soil and enter the working state, completing the transition from "construction mode" to "operation mode". Thus, after the working fluid is released from the inner wall 4022, it first completes the "control-filtering" treatment within the functional layer (annular cavity) assembly, and then enters the shallow pores of the dam body through the outer surface of the functional layer, where it undergoes an in-situ cementing reaction with the triggering fluid 4015 in a predetermined area, achieving the purpose of avoiding near-hole blockage and stabilizing the outward cementing front edge. The upper end retains an exposed section through a through hole for the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage pad 5 for operation connection and maintenance; the buried end is equipped with a second guide head 4023 to reduce the insertion force and protect the functional layer.

[0037] like Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 is set on the surface of the breach section of Binghu Dam 3, and is closely attached to the outer surface of the dam body. Through a multi-layer composite structure, it achieves comprehensive protection against erosion, seepage control, and deformation compliance of the surface soil under the impact of surging waves. The flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 includes, from top to bottom: (1) Wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer 501. It is placed on the outermost surface of the flexible corrosion-resistant and slow-seepage cushion layer 5 and is in direct contact with the surging waves and the bottom water flow. This layer is used to withstand the impact of water flow and particle abrasion in the peak flow velocity area, reduce the direct erosion of the cushion layer and the soil below by the near-bed shearing action, and disperse local hydrodynamic energy through the surface rough structure.

[0038] (2) Flexible skeleton filter layer 502. Located in the middle of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer 5, it constitutes the main load-bearing skeleton of the cushion layer. This layer has a flexible conformability and a certain in-plane stiffness, which can maintain the overall integrity of the cushion layer under the action of surging waves; at the same time, it has a filter function, which restricts the outward loss of fine particles in the shallow surface of the dam body, avoids the formation of erosion cavities or seepage concentration below the cushion layer, and improves the combined stability of the cushion layer and the soil.

[0039] (3) Slow-seepage conforming base 503. Placed at the bottom of the flexible anti-corrosion slow-seepage cushion layer 5, it is in direct contact with the rough surface of the dam body. This layer can conform to the surface unevenness of the dam body and provide conforming support, forming a controlled slow-seepage channel under the cushion layer, avoiding strong seepage pressure and local heave under the cushion layer, while dispersing local contact pressure and improving the service stability of the cushion layer on a soft or loosely granular foundation.

[0040] The above three layers are combined to form a flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer 5. Without significantly changing the seepage channel and drainage path of the dam body, a continuous surface protection interface is established, which effectively disperses scour shear stress, inhibits particle initiation, and reduces the pore pressure under the cushion. It forms a conformable and semi-permeable anti-corrosion layer in a low-temperature environment, which weakens the damage of wave erosion and seepage erosion to the surface soil of the dam breach section.

[0041] The material system configuration involved in this invention is designed to match the structural structure to achieve functional requirements such as slow release, filtration, corrosion resistance, and low-temperature adaptability. The materials selected are optional preferred embodiments of this invention; specific varieties, gradations, and formulation parameters can be adjusted or replaced according to the engineering environment, construction conditions, and performance verification results. Any other materials using the same functional effects to achieve the technical objectives and effects of this invention are considered to fall within the protection scope of this invention. (1) Selection of working fluid 4027 and trigger fluid 4015 In this embodiment, the working fluid 4027 preferably adopts a silicon-based solution system that can undergo a gel reaction under triggering conditions, such as an industrial-grade sodium silicate solution (water glass solution). It can be diluted on-site to form a low-viscosity permeable system, and a calcium chloride-containing brine solution can be used as a solvent to improve fluidity and reliability in low-temperature environments. After the working fluid 4027 is slowly released into the shallow soil of the dam body through the hollow working fluid tube 402, it can migrate with the seepage under the action of the pore control layer 4025 to form an initial distribution.

[0042] The triggering fluid 4015 is preferably an electrolyte solution containing polyvalent cations, such as industrial-grade calcium chloride solution. It acts as an activator to induce polymerization and gelation of the silicon-based solution in the interface region, forming a bonded bridging structure, thereby improving the adhesion between shallow particles and the local impermeability of the dam body. The release of the triggering fluid 4015 is delayed relative to the working fluid 4027, allowing the reaction zone to preferentially form within the dam body pore area far from the release hole, preventing premature gelation and blockage of the release hole in the near-pore area.

[0043] The materials selected for the above-mentioned dual-liquid system have advantages such as wide availability, low cost, on-site preparation and strong low-temperature adaptability, making them suitable for long-term operation of the Binghu Dam 3 breach section in high-altitude and cold environments.

[0044] (2) 4025 material selection for pore domain regulation layer In this embodiment, the pore area control layer 4025 is disposed on the outer side of the liquid release hole of the inner wall 4022 of the working fluid hollow tube 402. It is used to control the time delay and intensity weakening of the gel reaction in the vicinity of the liquid release hole, so that the in-situ cementation reaction occurs preferentially in the dam body pore space far away from the second liquid release hole 4024.

[0045] In this embodiment, the pore control layer 4025 preferably adopts a composite coating structure consisting of a water-soluble time-delay film and a low-cost gel-inhibiting mesh layer: First, the time-delay film is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) water-soluble film, which can achieve controlled dissolution for about 3–7 days to reduce the residence time and initial flux peak of the working fluid in the vicinity of the release pores of the inner wall 4022; Second, a polypropylene (PP) lightweight fiber mesh layer is set on the outside of the time-delay film. The fiber mesh is sprayed or impregnated with a low dose of gel-inhibiting agent (such as sodium hexametaphosphate aqueous solution) to form a weak reaction environment near the pores to further reduce the local gelation rate.

[0046] The two layers described above are sleeve-type adhered to the outside of the second release hole 4024. During operation, the PVA film first achieves "time delay," and then the adhesive-suppressing mesh layer achieves "strength weakening," prompting the working fluid 4027 to preferentially react with the trigger fluid in the pore region far from the orifice, reducing the risk of premature gelation and blockage near the orifice. The above materials and proportions can be equivalently replaced and adjusted according to the environment and target gelation time. Any equivalent materials and structures that can achieve time delay and strength weakening of the reaction in the vicinity of the release hole are considered to fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0047] (3) Selection of materials for the filter screen layer In this embodiment, the filter sleeves (first filter sleeve 4014 and second filter sleeve 4024) preferably use polypropylene (PP) needle-punched nonwoven geotextile as the covering material to form an economical filter protection for the release channel. The equivalent pore size (AOS / O95) is controlled within the range of 0.10–0.30 mm to meet the filter matching relationship with the fine material gradation of the dam body and maintain necessary seepage. This material has the characteristics of low cost, wide availability, good cold resistance (not brittle at -30℃), and chemical stability to calcium chloride brine and silicate systems, making it suitable for long-term service in cold environments. For example, the second filter sleeve 4024 is sleeve-type covered and configured on the outside of the functional layer, and is attached to the outer surface of the pore area control layer 4025. During operation, it prevents fine particles from being drawn back into the second release hole 4024—functional layer channel, while maintaining radial seepage continuity and reducing the risk of near-hole blockage. The filter sleeves can be positioned and fixed at the end of the section by heat shrink rings / cable ties to ensure stability during insertion and operation. Any other nonwoven or woven material that has equivalent pore size and mechanical / cold resistance properties and achieves particle retention and permeability maintenance functions is considered to fall under the equivalent substitution of this invention.

[0048] (4) Flexible corrosion-resistant and seepage-slowing cushion layer 5 Material selection In this embodiment, the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage pad 5 is composed of, from top to bottom, a wear-resistant and anti-corrosion layer 501, a flexible skeleton filter layer 502, and a slow-seepage conforming base pad 503. The materials selected for each layer aim to achieve comprehensive performance goals of erosion resistance, filter diameter control, and slow-seepage conformation under conditions of high cold (not lower than -30℃), strong hydrodynamics, and a loose substrate. Preferred solutions are as follows; any solution possessing equivalent functions and performance is considered to fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0049] Wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer 501 (top layer): Industrial-grade two-component epoxy coating still has good adhesion and wear resistance under low temperature conditions. Combined with basalt sand to form a rough and wear-resistant outer surface, it can disperse near-bed shear stress and resist particle abrasion; the raw materials are common, the cost is low, and the construction is simple.

[0050] Flexible skeleton filter layer 502 (middle layer): PET grid provides in-plane skeleton strength and flexibility, PP non-woven fabric meets the requirements of filter diameter control and permeation. The combination of the two can stabilize the material and prevent fine particles from escaping; both are general-purpose bulk materials with high cost performance and stable supply.

[0051] Slow-seepage conforming base mat 503 (bottom layer): The synthetic rubber mat does not crack at low temperatures and can conform to rough dam surfaces; the bottom texture forms controlled micro slow-seepage channels at the mat-base interface, reducing dynamic pressure and bulging risk under the mat; the material is widely available, can be cut and spliced, and has low total life-cycle cost.

[0052] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion resistance, seepage control, and in-situ cementation at the breach of a glacial lake dam, characterized in that, The system includes a flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing pad (5) and a dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system (4). The flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing pad (5) is laid on the surface of the breach section of the Binghu Dam (3) and is tightly bonded to the dam surface. The flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing pad (5) is a multi-layer flexible composite structure. The flexible anti-corrosion and seepage-slowing pad (5) includes, from top to bottom, a wear-resistant and anti-corrosion layer (501), a flexible skeleton filter layer (502), and a slow-seepage-adhering base pad (503). The dual-liquid slow-release in-situ bonding system... The system (4) is installed in the shallow layer of the dam body below the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5). The dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system (4) includes multiple working liquid hollow pipes (402) and multiple trigger liquid hollow pipes (401) arranged in a staggered manner. The working liquid hollow pipes (402) and the trigger liquid hollow pipes (401) are staggered along the main seepage direction of the dam body so that the release area of ​​the working liquid hollow pipe (402) and the release area of ​​the trigger liquid hollow pipe (401) are spatially misaligned.

2. The synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion control and seepage prevention combined with in-situ cementation at the breach of the glacial lake dam as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The working fluid hollow tube (402) includes an inner wall (4022) and an outer wall (4021), and an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall (4022) and the outer wall (4021). A pore area control layer (4025) is provided in the annular cavity.

3. The synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion control and seepage prevention combined with in-situ cementation at the breach of the glacial lake dam as described in claim 2, is characterized in that, The pore region control layer (4025) includes a water-soluble delay film and an anti-gel mesh layer. The anti-gel mesh layer is impregnated with an anti-gel agent to delay the gel reaction of the working fluid (4027) and the triggering fluid (4015) in the near-pore region.

4. The synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion control and seepage prevention combined with in-situ cementation at the breach of the glacial lake dam as described in claim 2, is characterized in that, The outer wall of the pore control layer (4025) is covered with a second filter screen (4026), and the inner wall of the trigger liquid hollow tube (401) is covered with a first filter screen (4014).

5. The synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion control and seepage prevention combined with in-situ cementation at the breach of the glacial lake dam as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage pad (5) has through holes at the positions corresponding to the working fluid hollow tube (402) and the trigger fluid hollow tube (401). The through holes are surrounded by annular edges. The annular edges tightly cover the edges of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage pad (5) to the outer surfaces of the working fluid hollow tube (402) and the trigger fluid hollow tube (401), thus preventing the formation of weak seepage areas or concentrated scouring areas at the through holes.

6. The synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion control and seepage prevention combined with in-situ cementation at the breach of the glacial lake dam as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer (501) is placed on the outermost surface of the flexible corrosion-resistant and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) and is in direct contact with the surging waves and bottom-flowing water of the lake water (1). The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer (501) is used to withstand the impact of water flow and particle abrasion in the peak flow velocity area, reduce the direct erosion of the flexible corrosion-resistant and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) and the soil below it by near-bed shearing action, and disperse local hydrodynamic energy through surface rough structure.

7. The synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion control and seepage prevention combined with in-situ cementation at the breach of the glacial lake dam as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible skeleton filter layer (502) is located in the middle of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) to form the load-bearing skeleton of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5). The flexible skeleton filter layer (502) has flexibility and a certain in-plane stiffness, which can maintain the overall integrity of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) under the action of surging waves. The flexible skeleton filter layer (502) has a filtering function to limit the outward loss of fine particles in the shallow surface of the dam body, avoid the formation of erosion cavities or seepage concentration below the flexible skeleton filter layer (502), and improve the combined stability of the flexible skeleton filter layer (502) and the soil.

8. The synergistic reinforcement structure for erosion control and seepage prevention combined with in-situ cementation at the breach of the glacial lake dam as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The seepage-resistant mat (503) is placed at the bottom of the flexible anti-corrosion seepage-resistant mat layer (5) and is in direct contact with the rough surface of the dam body. The seepage-resistant mat (503) is used to fit the rough surface of the dam body to form a controlled seepage channel under the seepage-resistant mat (503), so as to avoid strong seepage pressure and local heave under the seepage-resistant mat (503), while dispersing local contact pressure and improving the service stability of the seepage-resistant mat (503) on a soft or loosely granular substrate.

9. A method for synergistic reinforcement of ice-lake dam breaches with erosion resistance, seepage inhibition, and in-situ bonding, applied to the synergistic reinforcement structure of ice-lake dam breaches with erosion resistance, seepage inhibition, and in-situ bonding as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Layout of the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system (4): The working liquid hollow tube (402) and the trigger liquid hollow tube (401) are staggered along the main seepage direction in the shallow layer of the dam body by shallow insertion method, so that the dual-liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system (4) can directly contact the pore medium of glacial till, so that the working liquid (4027) and trigger liquid (4015) can be continuously released into the dam body in subsequent operation, forming an in-situ cementing zone that extends outward along the seepage direction, thereby improving the particle cementing and structural stability of the shallow layer of the dam body. S2, Flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) laying: After the dual liquid slow-release in-situ cementing system (4) is stabilized, the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) is laid on the surface of the breach section. Through holes are opened at the position of the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) corresponding to the exposed section of the hollow tube. The periphery of the through holes is closed and pressed to form an annular edge, so that the flexible anti-corrosion and slow-seepage cushion layer (5) is tightly attached to the dam surface and the hollow tube. S3, Two-liquid sequential slow release: First, the working fluid is slowly released into the shallow layer of the dam body through the working fluid hollow tube (402), so that the working fluid (4027) forms a preliminary distribution in the pores of the dam body; after a set time delay, the trigger fluid (4015) is slowly released through the trigger fluid hollow tube (401), so that the trigger fluid (4015) enters the area where the aforementioned working fluid (4027) has been distributed along the seepage direction, merges with the working fluid (4027) and undergoes a gel reaction to form an in-situ cemented band.

10. The method for synergistic reinforcement of ice lake dam breaches with anti-erosion and seepage control and in-situ cementation as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In step S3, the reaction timing and reaction rate of the initial stage of the release of the working fluid (4027) are delayed and weakened by the pore domain control layer (4025), so that the gel reaction occurs preferentially in the area away from the inner wall (4022). The second filter screen (4026) set on the outside of the pore domain control layer (4025) is used to prevent fine particles in the dam soil from being drawn back into the annular cavity and the second liquid release hole (4024), and to keep the seepage path between the second liquid release hole (4024) and the liquid permeation window of the outer wall (4021) unobstructed.

Images