Cooling air heat exchanger integrated with combustion chamber case

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aero-engines, and discloses a cooling air heat exchanger integrated with a combustion chamber casing, which comprises a heat exchanger shell, a heat exchange chamber and an exhaust chamber which are communicated with each other are arranged in the heat exchanger shell, the heat exchange chamber is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is communicated with the interior of the heat exchange chamber and used for introducing to-be-cooled gas; the exhaust chamber is used for exhausting the gas treated by the heat exchange chamber; a first oil tank and a second oil tank are arranged in the heat exchange cavity, a plurality of heat exchange pipelines are connected between the first oil tank and the second oil tank and used for conducting heat exchange with gas entering from the gas inlet, an oil tank inlet is formed in the heat exchanger shell and communicated with the first oil tank, and an oil tank outlet is formed in the heat exchanger shell and communicated with the first oil tank. The technical problem that an existing heat exchanger cannot meet the requirements of a modern aero-engine for compact layout, efficient heat exchange, low cost and high reliability is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine technology and discloses a cooling air heat exchanger integrated with the combustion chamber casing. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of aero-engines towards higher thrust-to-weight ratios and lower fuel consumption has led to a continuous increase in turbine inlet temperature and pressure ratio. This directly results in turbine blades facing an extremely harsh operating environment—they must withstand both extremely high combustion gas ambient temperatures and high-temperature cooling air from the compressor's final stage, making blade cooling requirements increasingly stringent. To address this issue, a solution is to install a cooling air heat exchanger in the exhaust path from the compressor's final stage to the turbine blades. By utilizing the heat sink of the aero-engine fuel, the cooling air temperature is reduced, thereby meeting the turbine blade cooling requirements. However, existing CCA heat exchangers have many insurmountable defects in practical applications, specifically: First, the spatial layout and functional integration are insufficient. Existing heat exchangers are usually arranged independently in the narrow space between the combustion chamber casing and the engine bearing. Their intake pipes need to pass through the combustion chamber inlet, which can easily cause blockage of the combustion chamber diffuser inlet and affect the engine's aerodynamic performance. At the same time, the connection structure between the heat exchanger outlet and the cooling air guide is complicated, which greatly reduces the effective design space of the heat exchanger, resulting in insufficient design margin and difficulty in fully realizing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0003] Second, there is a significant conflict between material selection and cost control. The operating environment temperature of the combustion chamber is extremely high. To ensure the overall temperature resistance of the heat exchanger, existing technologies mostly use high-temperature alloys to manufacture the overall structure of the heat exchanger. However, high-temperature alloys are expensive, and it is difficult to balance their thermal conductivity with the requirement for lightweight structure. This increases the overall cost of the engine and may also affect the engine's thrust-to-weight ratio due to excessive weight. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems that existing heat exchangers cannot meet the requirements of modern aero engines for compact layout, efficient heat exchange, low cost and high reliability, and provides a cooling air heat exchanger integrated with the combustion chamber casing.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cooling air heat exchanger integrated with the combustion chamber casing, characterized in that it includes: a heat exchanger shell, wherein the heat exchanger shell is provided with a heat exchange chamber and an exhaust chamber that are interconnected, the heat exchange chamber is provided with an air inlet that communicates with the interior of the heat exchange chamber and is used to introduce gas to be cooled, and the exhaust chamber is used to discharge gas treated by the heat exchange chamber; the heat exchange chamber is provided with a first oil tank and a second oil tank, and a plurality of heat exchange pipes are connected between the first oil tank and the second oil tank, the plurality of heat exchange pipes being used to exchange heat with the gas entering from the air inlet, the heat exchanger shell is provided with an oil tank inlet that communicates with the first oil tank, and the heat exchanger shell is provided with an oil tank outlet that communicates with the second oil tank.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange chamber includes a first outer side wall and a second outer side wall, which are integrally formed with the combustion chamber casing. Both the first and second outer side walls are made of a double-layer composite layer, which includes an outer layer and an inner substrate. The inner substrate is provided with a retaining ring, and the outer layer is provided with a retaining groove that mates with the retaining ring. The outer layer is made of a low thermal conductivity ceramic material, and the inner substrate is made of a titanium alloy material.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the first and second oil tanks are annular in shape, and several air inlets are arranged around the heat exchanger shell. The heat exchange pipes are serpentine in shape, and the several heat exchange pipes are evenly distributed around the heat exchange chamber and gradually decrease in cross-section along the axial direction.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat exchange chamber is gradually reduced from the air inlet end to the exhaust outlet end of the exhaust chamber, so that the chamber space gradually decreases.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, both the first fuel tank and the second fuel tank are provided with guide plates on their inner walls. The guide plates are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the first fuel tank and the second fuel tank, respectively, to guide the fuel to be evenly distributed in the fuel tank.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the first and second outer side walls adopt an arc-shaped structure with a curvature of 2.06, and the air inlets are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the heat exchanger shell.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange chamber is provided with a flow divider plate, which can be uniformly or non-uniformly arranged in the heat exchange chamber to divide the heat exchange chamber into several circumferentially. The flow channel profile of the exhaust chamber is a gradually narrowing oblique line, and the exhaust chamber is a pre-swirling nozzle.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the air inlet has a runway-shaped structure.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, this invention integrates the heat exchange chamber and the exhaust chamber into the same shell, reducing the space encroachment problem caused by independent layouts. Simultaneously, it eliminates the complex intake pipe passing through the combustion chamber inlet, avoiding blockage at the combustion chamber diffuser inlet, ensuring engine aerodynamic performance, effectively utilizing the limited internal space of the engine, and improving design margins. The composite structure of ceramic composite material and titanium alloy is adopted; the outer ceramic composite material withstands high-temperature environments, while the inner titanium alloy enhances thermal conductivity. This eliminates the need for expensive high-temperature alloys throughout, significantly reducing material costs while ensuring temperature resistance and heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the lightweight nature of titanium alloy helps improve the engine's thrust-to-weight ratio. The annular fuel tank, combined with circumferentially evenly distributed serpentine heat exchange pipes, increases the contact area between the fuel and the gas to be cooled. Multiple circumferential air inlets ensure uniform gas distribution, improving heat exchange uniformity. The tapered chamber space accelerates gas flow, enhancing convective heat transfer. The baffles inside the fuel tank ensure uniform fuel flow, avoiding insufficient local heat exchange, comprehensively improving heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the heat exchanger of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the heat exchange chamber and the exhaust chamber of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer composite layer of the present invention.

[0016] Figure label: 1. Heat exchanger shell; 11. Heat exchange chamber; 111. Air inlet; 112. First oil tank; 113. Second oil tank; 114. First outer side wall; 115. Second outer side wall; 116. Outer layer; 1161. Slot; 117. Inner layer substrate; 1171. Snap ring; 12. Exhaust chamber; 2. Heat exchange pipes; 3. Oil tank inlet; 4. Oil tank outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0018] refer to Figure 1 , 2Example 1: A cooling air heat exchanger integrated with the combustion chamber casing includes a heat exchanger housing 1. The heat exchanger housing 1 has a heat exchange chamber 11 and an exhaust chamber 12 that are interconnected. The heat exchange chamber 11 has an air inlet 111 that communicates with the interior of the heat exchange chamber 11 and is used to introduce gas to be cooled. The exhaust chamber 12 is used to discharge the gas treated by the heat exchange chamber 11.

[0019] refer to Figure 3 The heat exchange chamber 11 is provided with a first oil tank 112 and a second oil tank 113. A plurality of heat exchange pipes 2 are connected between the first oil tank 112 and the second oil tank 113. The plurality of heat exchange pipes 2 are used to exchange heat with the gas entering from the air inlet 111. The heat exchanger shell 1 is provided with an oil tank inlet 3, which communicates with the first oil tank 112. The heat exchanger shell 1 is provided with an oil tank outlet 4, which communicates with the second oil tank 113.

[0020] refer to Figure 3 , 4 The heat exchange chamber 11 includes a first outer side wall 114 and a second outer side wall 115. Both the first outer side wall 114 and the second outer side wall 115 are made of a double-layer composite layer. The double-layer composite layer includes an outer layer 116 and an inner substrate 117. The inner substrate 117 is provided with a retaining ring 1171, and the outer layer 116 is provided with a retaining groove 1161 that cooperates with the retaining ring 1171. The outer layer 116 is made of a low thermal conductivity ceramic material, and the inner substrate 117 is made of a titanium alloy material. With this material combination, the ceramic composite material can effectively withstand high temperature environment, while the titanium alloy can improve heat exchange efficiency, thus taking into account both temperature resistance and heat exchange effect. refer to Figure 2 The first oil tank 112 and the second oil tank 113 are annular in shape. Several air inlets 111 are arranged circumferentially along the heat exchanger shell 1. The heat exchange pipes 2 have a serpentine structure, and the multiple heat exchange pipes 2 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the heat exchange chamber 11. The annular oil tank structure facilitates uniform fuel distribution, the multiple circumferentially arranged air inlets 111 allow the gas to be cooled to enter the heat exchange chamber 11 evenly, and the serpentine heat exchange pipes 2, evenly distributed circumferentially, increase the contact area with the gas and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0021] refer to Figure 3 The heat exchange chamber 11 has a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area from the air inlet 111 to the exhaust outlet 12, making the chamber space gradually smaller. This gradually decreasing chamber space allows the gas flow rate to gradually increase, thereby enhancing the heat exchange effect.

[0022] Both the first fuel tank 112 and the second fuel tank 113 have guide vanes on their inner walls. These guide vanes are spaced apart along the circumference of the fuel tank to guide the fuel to distribute evenly within the tank. The guide vanes help the fuel flow and distribute more evenly within the tank, ensuring the stability and efficiency of heat exchange.

[0023] During use, the heat exchange chamber 11 and the exhaust chamber 12 inside the heat exchanger shell 1 are interconnected. The gas to be cooled enters from the air inlet 111 of the heat exchange chamber 11. Multiple air inlets 111 are arranged around the heat exchanger shell 1 to ensure that the gas enters the heat exchange chamber 11 evenly.

[0024] The first oil tank 112 and the second oil tank 113 in the heat exchange chamber 11 are annular structures. The serpentine heat exchange pipe 2 connecting the two is evenly distributed around the heat exchange chamber 11. Cooling fuel enters the first oil tank 112 from the oil tank inlet 3. Under the guidance of the guide plates arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the first oil tank 112, it is evenly distributed and flows into each heat exchange pipe 2.

[0025] In the heat exchange chamber 11, the gas to be cooled exchanges heat with the cooling fuel in the heat exchange pipe 2. As the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat exchange chamber 11 to the exhaust chamber 12 gradually decreases, the gas flow rate gradually increases, which enhances the heat exchange effect.

[0026] The cooled gas after heat exchange enters the exhaust chamber 12 and is discharged, while the fuel after heat exchange flows into the second fuel tank 113, converges under the guidance of the guide plate on the inner wall of the second fuel tank 113, and is discharged from the fuel tank outlet 4.

[0027] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber, characterized in that, The application relates to a heat exchanger, which comprises the following: a heat exchanger shell (1) provided with a heat exchange chamber (11) and an exhaust chamber (12) in communication with each other, the heat exchange chamber (11) is provided with an air inlet (111) in communication with the inside of the heat exchange chamber (11) for introducing the gas to be cooled, and the exhaust chamber (12) is used for discharging the gas treated by the heat exchange chamber (11); the heat exchange chamber (11) is provided with a first oil tank (112) and a second oil tank (113), a plurality of heat exchange pipes (2) are connected between the first oil tank (112) and the second oil tank (113), the plurality of heat exchange pipes (2) are used for heat exchange with the gas entering from the air inlet (111), the heat exchanger shell (1) is provided with an oil tank inlet (3) in communication with the first oil tank (112), and the heat exchanger shell (1) is provided with an oil tank outlet (4) in communication with the second oil tank (113).

2. The cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange chamber (11) comprises a first outer side wall (114) and a second outer side wall (115), the first outer side wall (114) and the second outer side wall (115) are integrally arranged with an inner casing of a combustion chamber, the first outer side wall (114) and the second outer side wall (115) are both made of a double-layer composite layer, the double-layer composite layer comprises an outer layer (116) and an inner layer base body (117), the inner layer base body (117) is provided with a clamping ring (1171), the outer layer (116) is provided with a clamping groove (1161) matched with the clamping ring (1171), the outer layer (116) is made of a low-thermal-conductivity ceramic material, and the inner layer base body (117) is made of a titanium alloy material.

3. The cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first oil tank (112) and the second oil tank (113) are annular structures, the air inlets (111) are arranged in the circumferential direction of the heat exchanger shell (1), the heat exchange pipes (2) are in a serpentine structure, and the plurality of heat exchange pipes (2) are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the heat exchange chamber (11) and arranged along the axial direction with the cross section of the heat exchange chamber (11) gradually tapered.

4. The cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross section area of the heat exchange chamber (11) is gradually tapered from the air inlet (111) end to the exhaust port end of the exhaust chamber (12), so that the space of the chamber is gradually reduced.

5. The cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner walls of the first oil tank (112) and the second oil tank (113) are both provided with flow guides, the flow guides are arranged in the circumferential direction of the first oil tank (112) and the second oil tank (113) at intervals, and are used for guiding the fuel to be uniformly distributed in the oil tank.

6. The cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first outer side wall (114) and the second outer side wall (115) adopt an arc structure, the curvature of the arc structure is 2.06, and the air inlets (111) are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the heat exchanger shell (1).

7. The cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange chamber (11) is provided with a flow distribution plate, the flow distribution plate is arranged in the circumferential direction of the heat exchange chamber (11) at intervals, the flow distribution plate divides the heat exchange chamber (11) into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction, the flow channel profile of the exhaust chamber (12) is a gradually tapered inclined line, and the exhaust chamber (12) is a pre-swirl nozzle.

8. The cooled air heat exchanger integrated with an inner casing of a combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet (111) is in the shape of a racetrack.

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