Surface contact rolling bearing, self-leveling and self-adaptive surface contact rolling bearing and equipment thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a surface contact rolling bearing, a self-leveling and self-adapting surface contact rolling bearing and various devices manufactured by the surface contact rolling bearing and the self-leveling and self-adapting surface contact rolling bearing. The surface contact rolling bearing mainly comprises a guide rail, a bearing main body, balls and a guide plate. The bearing main body forms an integral inner ring way inner surface by a bearing bottom surface in surface contact with a track, transition arcs on two sides of the bottom surface, a larger arc connected above the bottom surface and the like, and is matched with two ball guide plates to form a shell of a ball integral ring way; and the distance between each position of the guide plate and the corresponding bearing main body is slightly greater than the diameter of the ball, so that the smooth flowing of the ball is facilitated. And a single-channel or multi-channel cylindrical, H-shaped, V-shaped and other surface contact rolling bearings can be manufactured. Compared with a traditional cast iron sliding friction guide rail, the sliding friction guide rail is high in strength, high in hardness, labor-saving and efficient, and is an optimal choice for achieving energy conservation, emission reduction, cost reduction and efficiency improvement. The self-adaptive surface contact device is used for a multi-wheel vehicle and has the characteristics of adjustable damping strength, adjustable vehicle body height and equal acting pressure of each tire on a concave-convex road surface.

Description

(1)TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application provides a method for manufacturing a self-adaptive face contact rolling bearing, and a mechanical device manufactured by the method. The self-adaptive face contact bearing can be applied to various vehicles in addition to the mechanical devices for irregular and uneven tracks, thereby manufacturing different kinds of self-adaptive vehicles. (2)BACKGROUND

[0002] The guide rails (tracks) of existing lathes, milling machines, planers, grinding machines, punching machines, machining centers, cranes, hand punch presses, and other machine tools and mechanical devices are usually made of sliding friction structure, which is low in efficiency and easy to wear. For example, the inventor has deep experience in repairing a planer. In order to make the tool of the planer to move along the track with a certain ratio, the screw of the planer's ram pressure plate needs to be particularly tight. The larger the cutting amount (feed amount) is, the greater the pressure required is. Most of the mechanical efficiency is consumed by the friction of the track (guide rail), thus a large amount of electricity is wasted. If a common rolling bearing is used to support and fix the ram to drive the tool for cutting operation, because the common bearing is in linear contact with the ram of the planer or grinding machine, the track will collapse due to stress, and the bearing will also deform due to stress, which will cause rapid wear and damage, and the device cannot continuously maintain the required precision and continuously and stably work. (3)SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a kind of face contact rolling bearing, automatic leveling and automatic adaptation face contact rolling bearing and various mechanical equipment and vehicle wheels made of the bearing.The face contact rolling bearing is composed of guide rail (track) and bearing body, the bearing body is composed of bearing pressure bottom surface in face contact with track, the bottom surface is connected with semicircular ring, or square ring channel, triangular ring channel and other specific shape ball groove to form ring channel inner surface through excessive circular arc on both sides, ball groove is matched with two ball guide plates to form ball circulating flow channel, the distance between each position of guide plate and corresponding bearing body is slightly larger than the diameter of ball (that is, there is a gap greater than or equal to 0.01mm), which is beneficial to the smooth flow of ball.The track, bearing body, ball and guide plate of the present application can be made of bearing steel, of course, other materials with better hardness, wear resistance and toughness can also be used.The face contact rolling bearing can be designed according to the size of equipment and working load, and the contact area of ball can be designed to be several square centimeters to several square meters.The bearing has built-in lubricating oil channel and oil channel hole, as well as oil pipe interface, the bearing of the present application can also be lubricated by external oil pipe, in addition to using oil lubrication, butter lubrication can also be used to make solid lubricating grease (such as graphite) bearing.The face contact bearing of the present application can be made into cylindrical ball face contact rolling bearing, conical ball face contact rolling bearing, spherical ball face contact rolling bearing, oval ball face contact rolling bearing, H-shaped ball face contact rolling bearing, drum-shaped ball face contact rolling bearing, concave ball face contact rolling bearing, double-cone face contact rolling bearing, hollow roller face contact rolling bearing, spiral hollow roller face contact rolling bearing, V-shaped ball face contact rolling bearing and needle roller face contact rolling bearing.The bearing body of the present application can be fixed by positioning pin and screw, or only fixed by screw.The number of fixing screws and positioning pins used in a single bearing of the present application is not limited, and a single bearing of the present application can fix one face, two faces or more faces.The present application can use several same face contact rolling bearings on the same functional part (or area) of a machine tool or equipment according to different use environment and precision requirements, or use two or more kinds of face contact rolling bearings simultaneously.The adaptive face contact bearing can be applied to irregular and uneven track mechanical equipment, and can also be applied to vehicle wheels of various vehicles to make different kinds of adaptive vehicles.The adaptive face contact device for multi-wheel vehicle has the characteristics of adjustable shock strength and vehicle height, as well as the characteristics of consistent tire pressure balance on uneven road surface. (4)BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0004] Figure 1-1 is a heavy load cylindrical ball flat contact rolling bearing body sectional view.

[0005] Figure 1-2AThese are drawings of the main body of a cylindrical ball bearing with planar contact and a double conical surface contact rolling bearing.

[0006] Figure 1-2B These are the top view of the main body of the double conical ball bearing and the side and top views of the double groove ball bearing.

[0007] Figure 1-2C These are cross-sectional views of the balls and guide vanes of H-type ball contact bearings, double tapered ball contact bearings, and spherical contact bearings.

[0008] Figure 1-3 These are shape diagrams of five types of surface contact rolling bearing support bodies (bearing bodies).

[0009] Figure 1-4 This is a common shape diagram of the rolling elements (balls) of a surface contact rolling bearing.

[0010] Figure 1-5 This is a cross-sectional view of the main body of a lightly loaded cylindrical ball bearing with planar contact.

[0011] Figure 1-6 These are side and top views of the main body of a lightly loaded cylindrical ball flat contact rolling bearing.

[0012] Figure 1-7 These are the side and top views of the main body of a self-leveling, light-load cylindrical ball bearing with planar contact.

[0013] Figure 1-8 These are the side view and cross-sectional view of the main body of an H-shaped ball-face contact rolling bearing.

[0014] Figure 1-9 It is a variable structure of H-shaped ball bearings.

[0015] Figure 1-10 This is a top view of the body of an H-shaped ball-face contact rolling bearing.

[0016] Figure 1-11 These are side and top views of a cylindrical ball bearing ball isolation chain.

[0017] Figure 1-12 These are side and top views of the ball isolation chain of a spherical ball bearing.

[0018] Figure 1-13 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a V-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearing used in a grinding machine.

[0019] Figure 1-13A This is a top view of the arched top of the bearing body of a V-shaped ball contact rolling bearing.

[0020] Figure 1-14This is a diagram showing the bearing position of a V-shaped ball contact rolling bearing used in a grinding machine and the structure of the track (guide rail) oil scraper.

[0021] Figure 1-15 It is a V-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearing used in heavy-duty equipment such as punch presses or planers.

[0022] Figure 1-16 This is a diagram showing the installation positions of V-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearings used in heavy-duty equipment such as punch presses and planers, as well as the oil seals.

[0023] Figure 1-17 This is a structural diagram of a surface contact rolling bearing that directly utilizes the inherent shape of the slide guide rail of a traditional planer or punch press.

[0024] Figure 1-18 Schematic diagram 1 shows a reinforced heavy-duty machine tool structure consisting of eight-face contact cylindrical ball bearings.

[0025] Figure 1-19 Schematic diagram 2 shows a reinforced heavy-duty machine tool structure consisting of eight-face contact cylindrical ball bearings.

[0026] Figure 1-20 This is an example diagram of the application of H-shaped surface contact rolling bearings in a Galileo ramp relay motion combined slide rod large imbalance gravitational potential energy engine.

[0027] Figure 1-21 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical ball contact bearing used in a Galilean slope relay motion combined gravitational potential energy engine.

[0028] Figure 1-22 It is a structural diagram of the application of adaptive devices in conjunction with ordinary bearings, wheels, tires, and wheel devices on irregular road surfaces or track changes, as well as adaptive devices in conjunction with various surface contact bearings.

[0029] Figure 1-23 This is an example diagram illustrating the application of adaptive devices to multi-tire adaptive road surface systems in various vehicles.

[0030] Figure 1-24 This is a simplified application diagram of the adaptive device used in multi-tire adaptive road surface systems for various vehicles. (5) Detailed Implementation

[0031] Figure 1-1 yes Figure 1-1 This is a cross-sectional view of the main body of a heavy-duty cylindrical ball bearing with planar contact. Figure 1-1In the diagram, 1 is a cross-section of the cylindrical ball bearing body after removing the baffle on one side of the cylindrical balls. 2 is the top part of the semi-circular annular surface of the upper half of the main body (support) of the cylindrical ball bearing. 3 is the bottom plane of the main body (support) of the cylindrical ball bearing, with a row of balls reciprocating along the guide rail (track) 11 between the bottom plane and the guide rail (track). When the bottom straight plane of the present invention is made into an arc surface, it can run on the corresponding large inner ring or outer ring or partially arc track, thereby producing annular surface contact rolling bearings of various ball types. 4 is one of the load-bearing (load-bearing) balls located between the upper surface of the guide rail (track) and the bottom surface of the flat bearing. 5 is a bearing housing on one side. Several screw holes with internal threads are located on the back of the bearing housing. Simultaneously, pin holes can also be located on the back of the bearing housing. The bearing body can be rough-machined to create the fixing threads, ball guide plate threads, and pin holes before heat treatment. After heat treatment, it undergoes precision grinding to the required accuracy before assembly and use. 6 is a cylindrical ball located between the bearing body and the one-side guide plate. 7 is the connection point between the left and right guide plates. A gap can be left here, or holes can be evenly drilled on both guide plates. 8 is the upper surface of one side of the bearing housing. One side of this bearing housing can have screw holes and pin holes on only one side, or two or more sides can have screw holes and pin holes simultaneously. The number of screw holes and pin holes on each side is unlimited (the above description applies to all types of surface contact rolling bearings and all types of self-adjusting flat contact rolling bearings). 9 is the bottom of the left cylindrical ball guide plate (drainage plate). 10 is the bottom of the right cylindrical ball guide plate (drain plate). 11 is the guide rail (track) at the bottom of the cylindrical ball bearing, which, along with the bearing body, balls, and guide plate, constitutes the bearing assembly. 12 is the oil groove or positioning flange on the outer side of the lower track 11, depending on the specific application environment. 13 is the bottom fixing screw of the left guide plate 9. 14 is the top fixing screw of the left guide plate 9. 15 is the bottom fixing screw of the right guide plate. 16 is the top fixing screw of the right guide plate. 17 is a circular oil passage hole communicating with the back of the bearing housing of the bearing body. This hole extends downwards from the center of the bearing width to the bottom bearing pressure plane 3 of the bearing, providing continuous lubrication to the bearing. An oil pipe interface and matching connecting thread are located on the back of the bearing housing, connecting to the lubrication hole 17, through which the lubrication oil passage is connected. In this invention, the distance between each position covered by the inner wall of the guide plates on both sides of the bearing body and the inner surface of the cylindrical ball groove of the bearing body is slightly larger than the diameter of the ball, to ensure that the ball is smoothly propelled by power to reciprocate or move unidirectionally within the guide shroud. For details on the bottom treatment of the guide plates, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 1-5 .

[0032] Figure 1-2AThese are drawings of the main body of a cylindrical ball bearing with planar contact and a double conical surface contact rolling bearing. Figure 1-2A The leftmost image is Figure 1-1 A top view of the bearing body. Figure 1-2A In the top view of the leftmost bearing body, 1 is the curved top position of the bearing body. 2 is the installation position of the upper ball bearing guide plate (also called ball bearing baffle or edge). 3 is the installation position of the lower ball bearing guide plate. Between 2 and 3 is the ball bearing groove. The groove depth is less than the ball diameter only at the bottom plane. From the bottom of the guide plates on both sides, the depth of the ball bearing groove gradually transitions to a depth slightly larger than the ball diameter (i.e., leaving a gap of greater than or equal to 0.01 mm). 4 is on the bearing housing on one side of the top. 5 is on the bearing housing on the other side of the top. The bearing housings 4 and 5 on both sides can be omitted, and bearing fixing threaded holes and fixing pin holes are directly provided on the two sides of the guide plate housings 2 and 3. 6 is the curved top fixing screw on one side of the left guide plate. 7 is the lower fixing screw on one side of the left guide plate. 8 is the curved top fixing screw on the other side of the left guide plate. 9 is the lower fixing screw on the other side of the left guide plate. 10 is the top arc-shaped fixing screw on one side of the right guide plate. 11 is the bottom fixing screw on one side of the right guide plate. 12 is the top arc-shaped fixing screw on the other side of the right guide plate. 13 is the bottom fixing screw on the other side of the right guide plate. The width of the ball groove in this invention can be equal to or greater than the length of the ball, depending on the required precision. When a flat-face contact rolling bearing is used in combination with a V-shaped flat-face contact rolling bearing, only the straightness accuracy of the rolling plane of the flat-face rolling bearing needs to be required.

[0033] Figure 1-2A The second image from the left in the middle is Figure 1-1The image shows a side view of side A or side A1. In the second image from the left, 1 is the side view of the inner surface of the cylindrical ball groove of the bearing body; only the upper and lower cylindrical balls are shown for easy observation. 2 is the lower cylindrical ball. 3 is the upper cylindrical ball. 4 is the left mounting position of the guide plate. 5 is the right mounting position of the guide plate. 4 and 5 form a cylindrical ball circulation groove. 6 is the upper edge of the guide plate with an overall dotted line shape. 7 is the matching guide rail (track). 8A is the left bearing housing. 8B is the right bearing housing. 9 is the left flange of the lower guide rail. 10 is the right flange of the lower guide rail. When only one type of slotted flat contact rolling bearing (cylindrical rolling bearing) is used in the same part (component) of a device, the fitting accuracy of the flange and the ball must be designed according to the accuracy requirements of use. When a slotted flat contact bearing is used in conjunction with a V-shaped flat contact bearing (that is, when using two different surface contact bearings and tracks), the flange can be removed, or a loose flange can be made. Oil reservoirs can be installed on the guide rail (track) under any circumstances, with no limit on the number or location, and the oil reservoir can be a through groove along the entire length of the guide rail. 11 is the fixing screw on the lower left side of the guide plate. 12 is the fixing screw on the upper left side of the guide plate. 13 is the fixing screw on the lower right side of the guide plate. 14 is the fixing screw on the upper right side of the guide plate. 15 is the lower edge of the guide plate, which is shaped like a dotted line on the main body. The guide plate is designed to smoothly guide the ball bearings. During equipment operation, the guide plate should not rub against or touch the track. The guide plate should maintain a normal and stable clearance with the ball bearings at all points along the ball bearing flow direction while enveloping the ball bearings.

[0034] Figure 1-2A The third image from the left in the middle is a structural diagram of a self-leveling cylindrical ball bearing with planar contact. In the three images from the left, A1 is the location on the left side where a standard self-leveling bearing is installed, either through the bearing body or integrated with it. A2 is the location on the right side where a standard self-leveling bearing is installed, either through the bearing body or integrated with it. B1 is the left bearing seat (step or bearing retaining edge). B2 is the right bearing seat (step or bearing retaining edge). The self-leveling shaft can be assembled with the bearing body via an overfit or a sliding fit, secured by various methods such as set screws or welding. Alternatively, the self-leveling shaft and the planar contact rolling bearing can be integrated. By installing two standard bearings in conjunction with a bearing housing (bearing box, bearing seat), surface contact is maintained between the self-leveling bearing and the track. This reduces wear, increases load-bearing capacity, extends service life, and exponentially extends the fatigue resistance of the parts. The leveling bearing used on the self-leveling shaft of all types of self-leveling planar contact rolling bearings of this invention can be a standard sliding friction bearing or a standard rolling friction bearing.

[0035] Figure 1-2AThe fourth image from the left in the middle is a structural diagram of a double tapered ball bearing with a V-shaped track. In the fourth image from the left, 1 is the bearing body. 2 is a ball on the bearing surface below the V-shaped ball bearing. 3 is a ball at the top of the arc-shaped top of the V-shaped ball bearing; for ease of observation, only the top and bottom balls are shown in the image. 4 is a schematic diagram of the guide plate shape of the double tapered ball bearing. The guide plate is indicated by dashed lines in the image. Position 4 is the bottom of the guide plate, which also has fixing screws. The bottom shape of the guide plate is the same as the bottom shape of the track and does not contact the bottom track. The guide plate has the same shape as the overall ball flow surface and maintains a normal clearance. It should not rub or collide with the track and can smoothly complete the ball flow guidance work (or the guide plate can only maintain a normal clearance with the highest point of the overall ball flow surface). That is, the guide plate of this invention can be made by bending a flat plate or by bending a plate that fits the shape of the ball; generally, bending a flat plate is sufficient. The distance between each position of the guide plate and the inner surface of the bearing body is greater than the diameter of the corresponding ball bearing portion; that is, a gap greater than or equal to 0.01 mm of the ball bearing diameter needs to be reserved. 5 is the upper edge of the guide plate. 6 is the lower track.

[0036] Figure 1-2B These are the top view of the main body of the double tapered ball bearing and the side and top views of the double-groove ball bearing. Figure 1-2B The leftmost image is Figure 1-2A The fourth image on the left is a top view of the bearing body. Figure 1-2B In the leftmost image, 1 represents the inner surface of the double-conical ball groove at the arc-shaped top of the V-shaped bearing body. 2 represents one side of the inner surface of the double-conical ball groove of the V-shaped bearing body. 3 represents the other side of the inner surface of the double-conical ball groove of the V-shaped bearing body. A1 is the fixing screw at the arc-shaped top on the left side of one of the guide plates; A3 is the fixing screw at the bottom left side of the same guide plate; A2 is the fixing screw at the arc-shaped top on the right side of the same guide plate; A4 is the fixing screw at the bottom right side of the same guide plate. B1 is the fixing screw at the arc-shaped top on the left side of another guide plate; B3 is the fixing screw at the bottom left side of the same guide plate; B2 is the fixing screw at the arc-shaped top on the right side of the same guide plate; B4 is the fixing screw at the bottom right side of the same guide plate.

[0037] Figure 1-2BThe second image from the left in the middle shows the combined structure of a double-row spherical ball bearing and its raceway (guide rail). In the second image from the left, 1 represents the central convex surface of the irregular annular surface separating the two rows of balls in the main body of the double-row spherical ball bearing. For ease of observation, only one ball in each raceway at the bottom and top is shown. 2 is the left raceway. 3 is the right raceway. 4 is the left side of the guide plate mounting position. 5 is the right side of the guide plate position. 6 shows two spherical balls in the upper double raceway. 7 shows two spherical balls in the lower double raceway. 8 is the raceway (guide rail). The dashed lines in the second image from the left represent the guide plate. The distance between various positions on the inner surface of the guide plate and the deepest part of the ball raceway groove is greater than the diameter of the ball by 0.01 mm or more (with a certain gap) to ensure smooth ball flow. Each guide plate is designed to fit the shape and number of raceways of the balls. The bottom of the guide plate must ensure smooth ball guidance, and it must prevent friction or collision with the raceway during operation. The bearing body and bottom surface can also have lubrication holes and oil passages. The number of oil passages and ports can vary depending on the number of raceways (the specific number of oil passages and ports for various surface contact or self-adjusting planar contact bearings is unlimited, arbitrary, and their shape and structure are also unrestricted). Two raceways can also share a single oil outlet. The side of the bearing body or other custom-made surfaces can have screw threads and fixing pin holes (actually, any number is acceptable).

[0038] Figure 1-2B The third image from the left in the middle is a top view of the body of a double-row spherical ball bearing. In the third image from the left, 1 is the arc-shaped top of the irregular annular surface separating the center of the double-row spherical ball bearing body. 2 is the left raceway. 3 is the right raceway. 4 is one side of the irregular annular surface used to fix the guide plate. 5 is the other side of the irregular annular surface used to fix the guide plate. A1 is the fixing screw for the arc-shaped top on the left side of one of the guide plates; A3 is the fixing screw for the bottom left side of the guide plate; A2 is the fixing screw for the arc-shaped top on the right side of the guide plate; A4 is the fixing screw for the bottom right side of the guide plate. B1 is the fixing screw for the arc-shaped top on the left side of another guide plate; B3 is the fixing screw for the bottom left side of the guide plate; B2 is the fixing screw for the arc-shaped top on the right side of the guide plate; B4 is the fixing screw for the bottom right side of the guide plate. The shape of this bearing support (bearing body) is generally made by combining the smoothest bottom plane with the transition arcs on both sides of the bottom and a square semi-circle shape, and its shape is similar to... Figure 1-3 Figure 3 (ultra-light load type) or Figure 1-1 The heavy-load shape, or Figure 1-5 It can be made in a light-load shape, or of course, in any shape or other shape as shown in Figure 1.3.

[0039] Figure 1-2CThese are cross-sectional views of the balls and guide vanes of H-type ball contact bearings, double tapered ball contact bearings, and spherical contact bearings. Figure 1-2C The upper middle image shows the cross-section of the H-shaped ball bearing at its maximum diameter. On the left is a guide plate that fits the ball bearing with a certain gap. The flat plates on both sides of the ball bearing are where the guide plate and the guide plate mounting platform are connected. Figure 1-2C In the middle image, the cross-section of the double conical ball bearing at its maximum diameter is shown. On the left is a guide plate that fits the ball bearing with a certain gap. The flat plates on both sides of the ball bearing are where the guide plate connects to the guide plate mounting platform. The specific amount of the ball bearing covered depends on the height of the guide plate platform. Figure 1-2C The image below shows a cross-section of the spherical ball bearing at its maximum diameter. On the left is a guide plate that fits the ball bearing with a certain gap. The flat plates on both sides of the ball bearing are where the guide plate connects to the guide plate mounting platform. The amount of the ball bearing covered depends on the height of the guide plate platform. Figure 1-2B The guide plates in the left 2 and left 3 figures are made of flat plates that are not fitted to the shape of the balls. The inner wall of the guide plate maintains a certain gap with the highest point of the largest outer surface of each flowing ball, and is bent according to the size of the highest point formed by the bearing body and each ball plus the gap. The two combined guide plates form an approximately semi-circular shape. The guide plate can also be made to partially wrap around the surface shape of the largest diameter of each ball (made to fit the shape of the ball) while maintaining the gap with the ball, and is bent according to the pattern formed by the movement shape of the inner side of the guide plate of each ball on the bearing body. In the simplest terms, the guide plate can be bent from a flat plate or from a plate that fits the shape of the ball. The above description is suitable for various self-leveling and non-self-leveling flat contact ball bearings of the present invention. In fact, bending a flat plate is sufficient to perform the work. Figure 1-2C The contact portion between the guide plate and the track in the double tapered ball bearing is shown in the image. Figure 1-2A The fourth image on the left. Figure 1-2C The contact portion between the guide plate and the track in the spherical ball bearing is shown in the image. Figure 1-2B The second image from the left shows that, relatively speaking, the ball-shaped guide vane has a large contact area and wears out particularly slowly.

[0040] Figure 1-3 These are diagrams of five types of surface contact rolling bearing support bodies (bearing bodies). Figure 1 shows a square, rounded-corner tetrahedral annular loop structure. Figure 2 shows a triangular, rounded-corner trihedral annular structure. Figure 3 shows a light-load annular structure consisting of a bottom plane, two transition arcs, and a large top arc; it can also be made into a heavy-load annular structure, such as... Figure 1-1 and lightly loaded ring structures such as Figure 1-54 is a trapezoidal rounded corner circular structure bearing body. 5 is an ultra-light load flat plate structure ball circulation body. Various ball bearings and various shapes of surface contact bearings and bearing bodies innovatively derived from this invention are all included in this invention.

[0041] Figure 1-4 This is a common shape diagram of the rolling elements (balls) of a surface contact rolling bearing. Figure 1-4 1 is a cylindrical ball bearing, which can be used to make a cylindrical surface contact rolling bearing. 2 is a double-conical ball bearing, which can be used to make a double-conical ball V-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. 3 is a variation of the double-conical ball bearing; in this invention, the variation of the ball bearing includes any angle. 4 is a spherical ball bearing, which can be used to make an arc-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. 5 is an elliptical spherical ball bearing, which can be used to make an arc-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. 6 is a variation of the double-conical ball bearing, with two small cylinders added to both sides. 7 is another variation of the double-conical ball bearing, also with two small cylinders added to both sides. 8 is a variation of the spherical ball bearing, also with two small cylinders added to both sides (this variation design is also applicable to elliptical spheres). 9 is a variation of an upright elliptical ball bearing; similarly, small cylinders can also be added to both sides of 5. Figure 1-4 All ball bearings without small cylinders on both sides can be fitted with small cylinders. In a normal ball bearing design, these small cylinders are not functional. In normal use, the surface contact bearing is mounted and fixed to the stationary bed. The moving parts, such as the ram of a grinding machine, have a straight-lined plane track on one side and a V-shaped plane track on the other. Under normal circumstances, regardless of whether the machine tool is adjusted to its maximum or minimum stroke, the bearings located at the four corners of the lower bed will always be tightly fitted to the track, and the balls will never fall out. The reason for adding small cylinders to both sides of the ball bearings is to consider the possibility that, in some unknown application, the surface contact bearing needs to be mounted under the bottom surface of a moving part, while the track is mounted on a stationary part such as the bed. This could lead to the bearings moving outside the track, and to prevent the balls from falling out due to the bearing bearing's pressure on the bottom surface. The anti-falling principle involves installing an L (or J) shaped hook plate of a certain length in the middle of the bottom guide plate, the length of which is equal to or slightly less than the distance between the bottom of the two guide plates. Normally, the hook plate and the small cylinders on both sides of the ball do not contact each other, leaving a tiny gap. The hook plate only provides protection when the bearing bottom surface detaches from the track and the ball falls. However, under normal circumstances, this is an unnecessary design feature. The hook plate needs to be fixed to both sides of the bearing body, and its specific functional structure is shown in the hook plates A and B on both sides of ball #9. In the ball #9 diagram, A is the left hook plate; B is the right hook plate. The various ball bearings described in this invention can all be manufactured as surface contact double-raceway bearings, surface contact single-raceway bearings, and surface contact multi-raceway bearings.

[0042] Figure 1-4In the diagram, 10 represents a ball bearing with hemispherical surfaces on both sides of a central cylinder, from which a corresponding surface contact bearing can be manufactured. 11 is a variation of a double tapered ball bearing, from which a corresponding surface contact bearing can be manufactured. 12 is a V-shaped ball bearing, from which a V-shaped planar contact rolling bearing can be manufactured, such as… Figure 1-13 as well as Figure 1-15 The applications shown are as follows: 13 is a concave arc-shaped ball bearing, from which a corresponding surface contact rolling bearing can be manufactured. 14 is an H-shaped ball bearing, from which an H-shaped surface contact rolling bearing can be manufactured. 15 is a variation of the H-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. 16 is another variation of the H-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. 17 is yet another variation of the H-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. 18 is yet another variation of the H-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. 19 is a tapered ball bearing, from which a corresponding tapered ball surface contact rolling bearing can be manufactured. 20 is a V-shaped ball bearing with a lubricating groove, from which a corresponding V-shaped surface contact rolling bearing can be manufactured. In addition, this invention can also manufacture hollow helical roller surface contact rolling bearings, hollow non-helical roller surface contact rolling bearings, and surface contact needle roller bearings; since the structure of hollow helical rollers and hollow non-helical rollers is exactly the same as that of the rollers used in conventional ordinary circular bearings, further pictures and descriptions are not provided here.

[0043] Figure 1-5 This is a cross-sectional view of the main body of a light-load cylindrical ball bearing with planar contact. The difference between light-load and heavy-load bearings lies in the height or thickness of the bearing body, which is the distance from the center of the bottom plane of the bearing to the highest point of the arch, or arc. Figure 1-5 In the diagram, 1 is the bottom plane of the bearing body (load-bearing body) of the cylindrical roller flat contact rolling bearing; 2 is the track (guide rail) used in conjunction with the bearing; 3 is the left guide plate of the flat contact bearing; 4 is the right guide plate of the flat contact bearing; 5 is the fixing screw below the left guide plate; 6 is the fixing screw above the left guide plate; 7 is the fixing screw below the right guide plate; 8 is the fixing screw above the right guide plate; 9 is a cylindrical ball between the bottom plane of the flat contact rolling bearing and the track, with numerous balls forming an approximately semi-circular loop structure; 10 is a schematic diagram of the bottom shape of the left ball guide plate; 11 is a schematic diagram of the bottom shape of the right ball guide plate. Figure 1-1The guide vane should ideally be designed in this manner. The distance between each point on the inner wall of the fixed guide vane and the corresponding part of the ball groove's inner surface should be slightly larger than the diameter of the corresponding ball, meaning there should be a gap of at least 0.01 mm to ensure the balls pass through smoothly and easily. In the width direction of the guide vane, if the balls are not cylindrical, but rather spherical, H-shaped, or other shapes, the guide vane can be designed to perfectly fit the shape of the balls while maintaining a suitable gap. Alternatively, it can be designed as a simple flat plate that only fits the highest point of the balls. The shape of the guide vane can vary as long as it can successfully guide various ball flow patterns.

[0044] Figure 1-6 These are side and top views of the main body of a lightly loaded cylindrical ball flat contact rolling bearing. Figure 1-6 In the image, the left image is a side view; the right image is a top view. Figure 1-6 In the left diagram, 1 is the lower track. 2 is one side of the ball groove of the bearing body (support body) where the cylindrical ball contacts the rolling bearing. 3 is the uppermost ball of the bearing body. 4 is the lowermost ball of the bearing body; for ease of viewing, only the upper and lower balls are shown in the diagram. 5 is the left mounting and fixing part of the bearing ball guide shield. 6 is the right mounting and fixing part of the bearing ball guide shield. Between 5 and 6 is the ball groove of the cylindrical ball. 7 is the left fixing plate integrated with the bearing body. 8 is the right fixing plate integrated with the bearing body. The two fixing plates can also be welded separately or installed on both sides of the bearing body. The two fixing plates can also be a single plate passing through the bearing body or integrated with the bearing body. 9 is the upper left fixing screw of the guide plate. 10 is the lower left fixing screw of the guide plate. 11 is the upper right fixing screw of the guide plate. 12 is the lower right fixing screw of the guide plate. Figure 1-6In the top view of the middle right figure, 1 is the top of the ball groove of the cylindrical ball bearing body. 2 is the mounting and fixing part on one side of the guide plate. 3 is the mounting and fixing part on the other side of the guide plate. There are several guide plate fixing threaded holes at the mounting and fixing part on each side, the specific number is not limited. 4 is the fixing plate on one side of the bearing body. 5 is a screw hole on the bearing fixing plate. 6 is a pin hole on the bearing fixing plate. 7 is another screw hole on the bearing fixing plate. 8 is the fixing plate on the other side of the bearing body. 9 is a screw hole on the bearing fixing plate. 10 is a pin hole on the bearing fixing plate. 11 is another screw hole on the bearing fixing plate. A is the fixing screw above the arch on one side of the left ball guide plate; B is the fixing screw below the left ball guide plate. E is the fixing screw above the arch on the other side of the left ball guide plate; F is the fixing screw below the left ball guide plate. C is the fixing screw above the arch on one side of the right ball bearing guide plate; D is the fixing screw below the right ball bearing guide plate; G is the fixing screw above the arch on the other side of the right ball bearing guide plate; H is the fixing screw below the right ball bearing guide plate.

[0045] Figure 1-7 These are the side and top views of the main body of a self-leveling, light-load cylindrical ball flat contact rolling bearing, which is to say, Figure 1-5 This is what it looks like after the cylindrical ball contact bearing was modified into a self-leveling cylindrical ball contact bearing. Figure 1-7 The middle left image is Figure 1-5 Side view of the self-leveling structure; Figure 1-7 The middle right image is Figure 1-5 Top view of the self-leveling structure. Figure 1-7 In the left-middle diagram: 1 is the lower track. 2 is one side of the ball groove of the bearing body (support body) where the cylindrical ball surfaces contact the rolling bearing. 3 is the uppermost ball of the bearing body. 4 is the lowermost ball of the bearing body; only the upper and lower balls are shown in the diagram for ease of viewing. 5 is the left mounting and fixing point of the bearing ball guide shield. 6 is the right mounting and fixing point of the bearing ball guide shield. Between 5 and 6 is the ball groove of the cylindrical ball. 7 is the position on the left side of the self-leveling shaft integrated with the bearing body for installing the automatic leveling ordinary bearing. 7A is the limiting step (bearing platform) of the ordinary bearing on this side. 8 is the position on the right side of the self-leveling shaft integrated with the bearing body for installing the automatic leveling ordinary bearing. 8A is the limiting step (bearing platform) of the ordinary bearing on this side. The self-leveling shafts on both sides can also be welded separately or installed on both sides of the bearing body; the self-leveling shaft can also be a single shaft passing through the bearing body. 9 is the fixing screw on the upper left side of the guide plate. 10 is the fixing screw on the lower left side of the air deflector. 11 is the fixing screw on the upper right side of the air deflector. 12 is the fixing screw on the lower right side of the air deflector.

[0046] Figure 1-7In the top view of the middle right figure, 1 is the top of the ball groove of the cylindrical ball bearing body. 2 is the mounting and fixing part on one side of the guide plate. 3 is the mounting and fixing part on the other side of the guide plate. There are several guide plate fixing threaded holes at the mounting and fixing part of the guide plate on each side, and the specific number of threaded holes is not limited. 7 is the position of the self-leveling shaft on one side integrated with the bearing body for installing the self-leveling ordinary bearing. 7A is the limiting step (bearing platform) of the ordinary bearing on this side. 8 is the position of the self-leveling shaft on the other side integrated with the bearing body for installing the self-leveling ordinary bearing. 8A is the limiting step (bearing platform) of the ordinary bearing on this side. The self-leveling shafts on both sides can also be welded separately or installed on both sides of the bearing body, and the self-leveling shaft can also be a whole shaft passing through the bearing body. A is the fixing threaded hole at the arched position above the left ball guide plate, and B is the fixing threaded hole below the left ball guide plate. E is the fixing threaded hole at the arched position below the left ball bearing guide plate; F is the fixing threaded hole below the left ball bearing guide plate; C is the fixing threaded hole at the arched position above the right ball bearing guide plate; D is the fixing threaded hole below the right ball bearing guide plate; G is the fixing threaded hole at the arched position below the right ball bearing guide plate; H is the fixing threaded hole below the right ball bearing guide plate.

[0047] Figure 1-8 These are the side view and cross-sectional view of the main body of an H-shaped ball-face contact rolling bearing. Figure 1-8 The left image is a side view of the right image. In the left image, 1 is a side view of the bearing body of the H-shaped ball bearing (relative to the right image). 2 is the bottom bearing working plane of the bearing body. 3 is the left side groove of the H-shaped ball. 4 is the right side groove of the H-shaped ball. 5 is the left mounting position of the H-shaped ball guide plate, with several threaded holes. 6 is the right mounting position of the H-shaped ball guide plate, with several threaded holes. 7 is the middle part of a ball located at the top of the arched bearing body. 8 is the middle part of a ball in planar contact rolling operation located below the bottom plane of the bearing body and between the track (guide rail). For ease of viewing, only the top and bottom balls are shown in the image. 9 is the retaining ring (or chuck) on the left side of the H-shaped ball 7. 10 is the retaining ring (or chuck) on the left side of the H-shaped ball 8. 11 is the retaining ring (or chuck) on the right side of the H-shaped ball 7. 12 is the retaining ring (or chuck) on the right side of the H-shaped ball bearing 8. H-shaped ball bearings with chuck positioning are only suitable for structures without forces from either side (or environments with slight lateral forces). The chucks on both sides of the H-shaped ball bearing can be integrated with the ball bearing or installed using screws or other methods.

[0048] Figure 1-8In the right-hand diagram, 1 is a cross-section of the bearing body, and one side of each H-shaped ball is also shown in cross-section for easier viewing and explanation. 2 is the highest point of the arched bearing body inside the H-shaped ball chuck. 3 is the bottom working plane of the H-shaped ball bearing surface contact. 5 is the ball chuck behind one of the H-shaped balls located on the bottom working plane of the bearing body. 6 is the middle plane contact working part of one of the H-shaped balls located on the bottom working plane of the bearing body; the line contact of each ball adds up to form the surface contact of the entire bearing. The contact area of ​​the surface contact bearing to be covered in square centimeters or square meters can be determined according to the load size. 7 is the middle plane contact working part of an H-shaped ball located at the top of the arch of the bearing body, and 8 is the ball chuck behind this ball. 9 is the semi-circular ball bearing guide plate mounting base (mounting area). Each point on the surface of the area covered by this semi-circular ball bearing guide plate is slightly higher than the upper edge of the ball chuck, meaning there is a gap of at least 0.01 mm between the guide plate and the balls to ensure smooth and unobstructed passage of the balls. 10 is the lower square track (guide rail), which can be hollow or solid. 11 is the upper surface of the guide rail. Figure 1-8 The dashed line represents a guide plate. In the diagram, the guide plate is made by using a flat plate to maintain a gap between the highest point of each ball chuck and the ball's flow direction, while simultaneously wrapping around the highest point of each ball. At least one-twentieth (or more) of the ball chuck diameter is maintained at the bottom of the guide plate near the track, as long as the ball's flow is successfully guided. Details of the bottom edge of the guide plate in contact with the track are shown below. Figure 1-5 .

[0049] Figure 1-9 This is a variable structure for H-shaped ball bearings. This modified structure gives the chuck of the H-shaped ball bearings impact resistance, making the balls less prone to breakage near the chuck. The H-shaped ball bearings of this invention can be made as a single piece or as a single piece. Figure 1-9 The structure. Figure 1-9 In this diagram, 1 is the middle part of the H-shaped ball bearing; 2 is the rolling bearing (or sliding friction roller) mounted on the left side of the H-shaped ball bearing, equivalent to the chuck of the entire H-shaped ball bearing; 3 is the rolling bearing (or sliding friction roller) mounted on the right side of the H-shaped ball bearing, equivalent to the chuck on the other side of the entire H-shaped ball bearing; 4 is the nut of the left fixing screw of the H-shaped roller with hexagonal screws; 5 is the nut of the right fixing screw of the H-shaped roller with hexagonal screws; 6 is the left bearing seat (bearing positioning step); and 7 is the right bearing seat (bearing positioning step). Threaded holes are located at the axial center on both sides of the middle part of the H-shaped ball bearing. The movable chucks (i.e., the bearings or rollers on both sides) on both sides are secured by tightening the nuts 4 and 5 of the fixing screws.

[0050] Figure 1-10 This is a top view of the body of an H-shaped ball-face contact rolling bearing.Figure 1-10 In the diagram, 1 is the highest point of the arched bearing body of the H-shaped ball bearing in contact with the rolling bearing surface. 2 is the ball groove (chuck groove) of the H-shaped ball. 3 is the ball groove (chuck groove) on the other side of the H-shaped ball. 4 is a mounting bracket (installation area or location) for a semi-circular annular ball guide plate. 5 is a mounting bracket (installation area or location) for a semi-circular annular ball guide plate on the other side. 6 is the threaded hole for fixing the arc-shaped top ball guide plate on the upper left side plate. 7 is the threaded hole for fixing the bottom of the guide plate on this side. 8 is the threaded hole for fixing the arc-shaped top ball guide plate on the upper right side plate. 9 is the threaded hole for fixing the bottom of the guide plate on this side. 10 is the threaded hole for fixing the arc-shaped top ball guide plate on the lower left side plate. 11 is the threaded hole for fixing the bottom of the guide plate on this side. 12 is the threaded hole for fixing the arc-shaped top ball guide plate on the lower right side plate. 13 is the threaded hole for fixing the bottom of the guide plate on this side. In this invention, the two guide plates of various types of surface contact bearings (rolling bearings) can also be made as one piece (a single piece), which can be inserted from one side. Of course, the fixed end faces of the bearing bodies on both sides should be made to a size that can be inserted. If the plate is not too thick, it can also be pressed in from above.

[0051] Figure 1-11 These are side and top views of a cylindrical ball bearing ball isolation chain. Figure 1-11 The top-middle image is a side view, and the bottom image is a top view. Figure 1-11 In the image above, 1 is the ball separator (isolator block), and as can be seen, this separator block has a central axle hole, which serves as the axle hole for the chain shaft. 2 is a cylindrical ball. 3 is the separator fixed to the cylindrical ball by the chain. The chain plus the separator is equivalent to a deformable bearing basket. 4 is a cylindrical ball. 5 is the chain shaft pin rivet point. 6 is the chain plate pin hole. Figure 1-11 In the diagram below (top view), 1 is a chain plate on one side. 2 is a chain plate on the other side. 3 is the rivet point of the chain axle pin. 4 is a cylindrical ball bearing. 5 is a cylindrical ball bearing. 6 is a cylindrical ball bearing. 7 is the exposed middle part of the integral chain axle, the length of which is greater than or equal to the length of the cylindrical ball bearing. 8 is the rivet point position outside the thin shaft chain plate on one side of the chain axle. 9 is the thin shaft on the other side of the chain axle, used for mounting the chain plate and rivet. A is an isolator. B is an isolator. C is an isolator. D is an isolator. The isolator chain of this invention can also be connected in pairs to form chain halves, just like the chains of ordinary bicycles and motorcycles, and then the chain halves are connected by a straight chain plate. If the chain axle is installed directly on the ball bearing, the isolator is not needed. Of course, the isolator can also be retained, and the chain axle can be installed on both at the same time. The shape of each isolator is similar to that of a single isolator on a standard brass integral cylindrical ball bearing or tapered ball bearing basket, and each isolator has a certain wrap angle that surrounds the ball. The isolator chain of this invention is also applicable to tapered roller (ball) surface contact rolling bearings.

[0052] Figure 1-12 These are side and top views of the ball isolation chain of a spherical ball bearing with surface contact. Figure 1-12 The top-middle image is a side view, and the bottom image is a top view. Figure 1-12 In the image above, 1 is a spherical ball bearing. 2 is a chain plate. 3 is a chain plate hole. 4 is a chain plate axle rivet point. 5 is a chain plate hole. Figure 1-12 In the diagram below, 1 represents a spherical ball bearing. 2 represents the left end of the entire upper chain plate. 3 represents the right end of the entire upper chain plate. 4 represents the left end of the entire lower chain plate. 5 represents the right end of the entire lower chain plate. 6 represents the connecting pin rivet point between the chain plates. 7 represents the upper right chain plate enclosing the spherical ball bearing. 8 represents the lower right chain plate enclosing the spherical ball bearing. The spherical ball bearing isolation chain of this invention encloses the ball bearing in the same way as the basket of a traditional ball bearing, except that the basket is segmented to form a deformable basket. Other types of rolling surface contact bearings of this invention can also be equipped with deformable isolation chain baskets. However, since isolation chains are generally unnecessary, they will not be discussed further. The simplest and most reliable ball isolation method for all types of surface contact rolling bearings in this invention is as follows: a chain shaft is placed directly on the balls. The chain shaft can be integrated with the balls or have holes drilled to insert the balls. There is a suitable lubrication clearance between the chain shaft and the balls. A sleeve (equivalent to a roller) can also be installed between the chain shaft and the balls. This eliminates the need for an isolation body structure, making it more stable and reliable. The chain plate can be... Figure 1-11 or Figure 1-12 The overlapping structure can also be like a regular chain, with two chains joined together to form chain halves, and the outer sides connected by chain plates. The distance between each ball is the distance between the holes in the chain plate.

[0053] Figure 1-13 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a V-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearing used in a grinding machine. Figure 1-13 In this diagram, 1 is the bed of the grinding machine (or other machine tool). 2 is the position where the V-shaped surface of the left side of the bed is fixed to the rolling bearing. 3 is the installation position of the ball guide plate of the left rolling bearing body; the left side of this body is the fixing surface that connects and fixes to the bed, and the bottom plane of the bearing also rests against the bed. 4 is the installation position of the ball guide plate on the right side of the bearing. 5 is the approximately semi-circular annular ball guide groove on the left side of the bearing body. 6 is the approximately semi-circular annular ball guide groove on the right side of the bearing body. 7 is the approximately semi-circular V-shaped ball guide protrusion. 8 is a V-shaped ball located on the V-shaped plane of the V-shaped ball contacting the rolling bearing. 9 is a V-shaped ball located at the highest point of the arch of the bearing body below. 10 is the upper fixing screw of the left V-shaped bearing body. 11 is the lower fixing screw of the left V-shaped bearing body. 12 is the left slide guide rail (track) of the grinding machine (or other machine tool). 13 is the ram that is fixed above the track. 14 is the left fixing screw of the left guide rail of the ram. 15 is the right fixing screw of the left guide rail of the ram.

[0054] Figure 1-13 In the diagram, 2A is the position where the V-shaped surface of the rolling bearing is fixed to the right side of the machine bed. 3A is the installation position of the ball guide plate of the right rolling bearing body; the right side of this body is the fixing surface that connects and fixes to the machine bed, and the bottom plane of the bearing also rests against the machine bed. 4A is the installation position of the ball guide plate on the left side of the bearing. 5A is the approximately semi-circular annular ball guide groove on the right side of the bearing body. 6A is the approximately semi-circular annular ball guide groove on the left side of the bearing body. 7A is the approximately semi-circular V-shaped ball guide protrusion. 8A is a V-shaped ball located on the V-shaped plane of the V-shaped ball contact rolling bearing. 9A is a V-shaped ball located at the highest point of the arch of the bearing body. 10A is the upper fixing screw of the right V-shaped bearing body. 11A is the lower fixing screw of the right V-shaped bearing body. 12A is the right slide guide rail (track) of the grinding machine (or other machine tool) slide. 16 is the left-side fixing screw of the right-side guide rail of the ram. 17 is the right-side fixing screw of the right-side guide rail of the ram.

[0055] Figure 1-13A This is a top view of the arched top of the bearing body of a V-shaped ball contact rolling bearing. Figure 1-13A In the diagram, 2 is the mounting surface of the V-shaped ball bearing body, which is the left side of the bearing body. 3 is the mounting position of the approximately semi-circular annular guide plate on the left side of the bearing body. 4 is the mounting position of the approximately semi-circular annular guide plate on the right side of the bearing body. 5 is the approximately semi-circular annular groove on the left side of the V-shaped ball in contact with the bearing body. 6 is the approximately semi-circular annular groove on the right side of the V-shaped ball in contact with the bearing body. 7 is the approximately semi-circular annular protrusion in the center of the V-shaped ball in contact with the bearing body. 8 is a V-shaped ball located on one side of the widest part of the bearing body. 9 is a V-shaped ball located on the other side of the widest part of the bearing body. A is the guide plate fixing screw located at the top of the arch on the upper left side, B is the guide plate fixing screw located at the bottom of the same side. C is the guide plate fixing screw located at the top of the arch on the upper right side, and D is the guide plate fixing screw located at the bottom of the same side. E is the guide vane fixing screw located at the lower left arched top, and F is the guide vane fixing screw on the lower left side. G is the guide vane fixing screw located at the lower right arched top, and H is the guide vane fixing screw on the lower right side. The V-shaped ball contact rolling bearing is not shown in cross-sectional view; its cross-sectional view can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1-5 Made by bending a flat plate Figure 1-5 The shape of the guide plate conforms to the largest outer diameter of each ball bearing, while maintaining a gap between each part of the guide plate and the edge of the largest outer diameter of the V-shaped ball bearing. The only requirement is to ensure that the balls flow smoothly and easily without falling out. See the image for the shape of the guide plate at the contact point between the bearing balls and the track. Figure 1-13 The dashed lines in the diagram correspond to the structural shape of the deflector, which must also ensure that the deflector does not rub against or touch the V-shaped track.

[0056] Figure 1-14 This is a diagram showing the bearing position of a V-shaped ball contact rolling bearing used in a grinding machine and the structure of the track (guide rail) oil scraper. Figure 1-14 In the image above, 1 is a rectangular bed with internal bracing of a certain thickness. 2 is a V-shaped ball bearing with V-shaped surface contact installed at the upper left corner of the bed. 3 are the two fixing screws for this bearing, with the screw caps located on the outside of the bed. 4 is a guide rail scraper. The function of the scraper is to prevent excess lubricating oil from flowing onto the ground outside the bed and directing it back to the oil sump. 5 is a V-shaped ball bearing with V-shaped surface contact installed at the upper right corner of the bed. 6 are the two fixing screws for this bearing, with the screw caps located on the outside of the bed. 7 is a guide rail scraper. 8 is a V-shaped ball bearing with V-shaped surface contact installed at the lower left corner of the bed. 9 are the two fixing screws for this bearing, with the screw caps located on the outside of the bed. 10 is a guide rail scraper. 11 is a V-shaped ball bearing with V-shaped surface contact installed at the lower right corner of the bed. 12 are the two fixing screws for this bearing, with the screw caps located on the outside of the bed. 13 is the guide rail scraper. 14 is the rail (guide rail) on the upper side of the bed, whose upper surface is fixed to the ram by screws and pins. 15 is the rail (guide rail) on the lower side of the bed, whose upper surface is fixed to the ram by screws and pins. From the maximum stroke of the ram to its minimum stroke, the rails on the two rams will never detach from the V-shaped bearings and the scrapers on both sides. Figure 1-14 The image above is Figure 1-13 A top-down view of the entire site.

[0057] Figure 1-14 The lower left image is a front view of the combined structure of the oil scraping device (oil scraper plate) and track, viewed from the outside. In the lower left image, 1 is the track (guide rail). 2 is the movable clamping plate. 3 is the tension adjustment screw on the left side of the movable clamping plate. 4 is the tension adjustment screw on the right side of the movable clamping plate. 5 is the oil scraping material located inside the clamping plate. 6 is the bed that secures the oil scraper plate mounting bracket. Figure 1-14 The lower right image is a side view of the V-shaped oil scraper assembly. In the image, 1 is the fixed oil scraper assembly; 2 is the fixing screw for the oil scraper assembly (at least two screws, but only one is visible in the image); 3 is the upper surface of the machine bed used to fix the oil scraper; 4 is the movable oil scraper; 5 is the movable oil scraper tension adjustment nut (at least two nuts, but only one is visible in the image); 6 is the oil scraper tension adjustment nut welded or embedded into the oil scraper fixing plate; and 7 is the center oil scraping material. The oil scraper can also be omitted, as it is not present on the guide rails of modern grinding machines.

[0058] Figure 1-15 It is a V-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearing used in heavy-duty equipment such as punch presses or planers. Figure 1-15In the diagram, 1 represents the cross-section of the hollow punching slide of the press. The shapes inside and outside the dotted line representing 1 represent the overall cross-section of the slide. 2 represents the hollow portion inside the slide. 3 represents the V-shaped track section of the left guide rail (rail) of the slide. The left V-shaped track of track 3 is engaged with a row of V-shaped flat balls at the bottom of the flat contact rolling bearing, achieving precise reciprocating linear motion via the V-shaped flat contact rolling bearing transmission. 4 represents a square track connected to or integrated with track 3, which is fixed by screws and pins inside the press slide. 5 represents the V-shaped track section of the right guide rail (rail) of the slide. The right V-shaped track of track 5 is engaged with a row of V-shaped flat contact rolling balls at the bottom of the flat contact rolling bearing, achieving precise reciprocating linear motion via the V-shaped flat contact rolling bearing transmission. 6 represents a square track connected to or integrated with track 5, which is fixed by screws and pins inside the press slide. Inside the space at 2, fixing nuts for the track are visible on both sides. Each side can have one or two rows of fixing nuts (the exact number of screws and locating pins is unlimited). One nut is visible on each side in the diagram. 7 is a V-shaped ball bearing fixed to the inside of the left side of the bed. 8 is a V-shaped ball bearing fixed to the inside of the right side of the bed. If only one V-shaped ball bearing is used on each side, the contact length of the bearing's bottom surface can reach the length or height of the entire outer support of the bed slide. 9 is the outer support of the punch press slide; the shape covered by the largest dashed line in the diagram is the cross-sectional view of the outer support of the punch press slide. The punch press slide and its outer support are drawn somewhat flat in the diagram; they should actually be thicker. A is a ball located between the bottom plane of the bearing body and the track on the right side of the left V-shaped ball bearing. C is a ball at the arched top of the V-shaped ball bearing; only two balls are shown for ease of viewing. B is a ball located on the left side of the V-shaped surface contact rolling bearing, between the bottom plane of the bearing body and the track. D is a ball at the top of the arch of the V-shaped surface contact rolling bearing. Only two balls are shown for ease of viewing. E is the screw hole for fixing the lower ball guide plate near the bottom plane of the ball on the left side. F is the screw hole for fixing the upper guide plate near the highest point of the arch on the same side. G is the screw hole for fixing the lower ball guide plate near the bottom plane of the ball on the other side of the left side. H is the screw hole for fixing the upper guide plate near the highest point of the arch on the same side. I is the screw hole for fixing the lower ball guide plate near the bottom plane of the ball on the right side. J is the screw hole for fixing the upper guide plate near the highest point of the arch on the same side. Q is the screw hole for fixing the lower ball guide plate near the bottom plane of the ball on the other side of the right side. L is the screw hole for fixing the upper guide plate near the highest point of the arch on the same side. Figure 1-15 The two arrows in the image point to the direction in which the slider outer support connects to the integrated bed. Figure 1-15 The small dashed lines on points 7 and 8 represent air deflectors.

[0059] Figure 1-16 This diagram shows the installation positions of V-shaped ball contact rolling bearings used in heavy-duty equipment such as punch presses and planers, along with their oil seals. In Figure 1=16, 1 is the punching slide of the punch press. 2 is the V-shaped track installed on the left side of the slide. 3 is the V-shaped track installed on the right side of the slide. 4 is the upper oil seal. 5 is the lower oil seal. A solid or hollow tubular hydraulic cylinder (made of smooth round tube or round bar steel) passes through the center of the slide and is integrally fixed to it. Oil seals 4 and 5 are fixed at both ends of the cylinder. Oil seals 4 and 5 are installed in the oil seal mounting holes on the punch press slide bracket connected to the bed. In the diagram, the parts of the V-shaped tracks 2 and 3 that contact the V-shaped track bearings respectively engage the four rows of balls on the four contact surfaces of the four V-shaped ball contact rolling bearings. Under power, the punch press slide drives the four V-shaped ball contact rolling bearing balls to rotate, thus forming a precise and durable reciprocating motion structure. 6 is the outer shell of the punch press slide bracket with a certain thickness. 7 is the bottom stamping platform connected to the press cylinder. The stamping platform is used to mount the mold. Above the cylinder is a connecting rod with a ball head that adjusts the press stroke. The connecting rod is connected to the press crankshaft. E is above the cylinder (sealing rod), where a ball head mounting seat is located. F is below the cylinder (sealing rod). G is the right side cross-section of the upper oil seal mounting hole seat. H is the left side cross-section of the lower oil seal mounting hole seat. Figure 1-16 It can also be used as Figure 1-15 Use the spatial layout location map.

[0060] Figure 1-17 This is a structural diagram of a surface contact rolling bearing that directly utilizes the inherent shape of the slide guide rail of a traditional planer or punch press. Figure 1-17 In this diagram, 1 represents the slide of a traditional planer or punch press. 2 is the bottom surface of the left slide rail (or guide rail), 3 is the bottom surface of the right slide rail (or guide rail), 4 is the top surface of the left side of the slide rail (or guide rail), and 5 is the top surface of the right side of the slide rail (or guide rail). Both sides are V-shaped tracks. 6 is a cylindrical ball bearing mounted at the bottom of the left track. 7 is a cylindrical ball bearing mounted on the top of the left track. 8 is a cylindrical ball bearing mounted at the bottom of the right track. 9 is a cylindrical ball bearing mounted on the top of the right track. At least eight such bearings are needed along the length of the machine bed, or four V-shaped surface contact rolling bearings can be used. If the length of the bearing contact surface (pressure bearing surface) is made close to the length of the slide outer support (or the length of some machine tool beds), only four cylindrical ball bearings are needed, and only two V-shaped surface contact rolling bearings are required.

[0061] Figure 1-18 Schematic diagram 1 shows a reinforced heavy-duty machine tool structure consisting of eight-face contact cylindrical ball bearings. Figure 1-18In the diagram, 1 represents the sliding block or ram, a moving part of various machines. 2 represents the upper left bevel of the sliding block. 3 represents the lower left bevel of the sliding block. 4 represents the upper right bevel of the sliding block. 5 represents the lower right bevel of the sliding block. 6 represents the shared integrated bracket for the two surface-contact bearings on the left side. This bracket is fixed to the bed frame on the left side by several screws. This bracket can also be part of the overall bed frame, essentially directly mounting the two surface-contact rolling bearings on the left side to the bed frame. 7 represents the shared integrated bracket for the two surface-contact shaft bearings on the right side. This bracket is fixed to the bed frame on the right side by several screws and pins. This bracket can also be part of the overall bed frame, essentially directly mounting the two surface-contact rolling bearings on the right side to the bed frame. 8 represents the location where the integrated bracket is fixed to the left side of the bed frame. 9 represents the location where the integrated bracket is fixed to the right side of the bed frame. 10 represents the left side mounting surface of one side of a planar contact rolling bearing. Each bearing has at least two such mounting surfaces with threaded holes and pin holes. A represents the planar contact rolling bearing in the upper left corner, A1 represents the two fixing screws seen above the bearing, and A2 represents the two fixing screws seen below the bearing. B is the flat contact rolling bearing in the lower left corner. B1 are the two fixing screws visible above this bearing, and B2 are the two fixing screws visible below this bearing. C is the flat contact rolling bearing in the upper right corner. C1 are the two fixing screws visible above this bearing, and C2 are the two fixing screws visible below this bearing. D is the flat contact rolling bearing in the lower left corner. D1 are the two fixing screws visible above this bearing, and D2 are the two fixing screws visible below this bearing. The number of screws seen can equal the actual number. The actual number of screws and pins used is unlimited, or only screws can be used. Figure 1-18 and Figure 1-19 Cylindrical or tapered contact rolling bearings can be used; the figure shows a cylindrical one.

[0062] Figure 1-19 Schematic diagram 2 shows a reinforced heavy-duty machine tool structure consisting of eight-face contact cylindrical ball bearings. Figure 1-19In the diagram, 1 represents the sliding block or ram of various mechanical moving parts. 2 is the upper left bevel of the sliding block. 3 is the lower left bevel of the sliding block. 4 is the upper right bevel of the sliding block. 5 is the lower right bevel of the sliding block. 6 is the shared integrated bracket for the two surface contact bearings on the left side. This bracket is fixed to the bed frame on the left side by several screws. This bracket can also be part of the overall bed frame, essentially directly mounting the two surface contact rolling bearings on the left side to the bed frame. 7 is the shared integrated bracket for the two surface contact bearings on the right side. This bracket is fixed to the bed frame on the right side by several screws and pins. This bracket can also be part of the overall bed frame, essentially directly mounting the two surface contact rolling bearings on the right side to the bed frame. 8 is the location where the integrated bracket is fixed to the left side of the bed frame. 9 is the location where the integrated bracket is fixed to the right side of the bed frame. A is the surface contact rolling bearing in the upper left corner. A1 are the two fixing screws seen above the bearing, and A2 are the two fixing screws seen below the bearing. B is the flat contact rolling bearing in the lower left corner. B1 are the two fixing screws visible above this bearing, and B2 are the two fixing screws visible below this bearing. C is the flat contact rolling bearing in the upper right corner. C1 are the two fixing screws visible above this bearing, and C2 are the two fixing screws visible below this bearing. D is the flat contact rolling bearing in the lower left corner. D1 are the two fixing screws visible above this bearing, and D2 are the two fixing screws visible below this bearing. The number of screws seen can equal the actual number. The actual number of screws and pins used is unlimited, or only screws can be used. Figure 1-18 and Figure 1-19 The upper and lower parts of the left bed frame 8 and the right bed frame 9 can be connected by a left and right bed frame structure with increased strength, but this is not shown in the figure. Figure 1-18 and Figure 1-19 When the contact surface of the four rolling surface bearings (A, B, C, and D) is long enough, only four such bearings need to be used. Relatively speaking, double-groove, triple-groove, or multi-groove V-shaped, spherical, and other surface contact rolling bearings offer better cost performance, greater strength, and save more space and materials, because three-groove bearings can have three V-shaped rails or three arc-shaped rails installed on one side.

[0063] Figure 1-20 This is an example diagram of the application of H-shaped surface contact rolling bearings in a Galilean inclined plane relay motion combined slide rod large imbalance gravitational potential energy engine. Figure 1-20The image above is a structural diagram of a published patent application (2025108145986), where Z represents the main shaft or main shaft tube. The main shaft has two slide rods, A and B. A and B run along raceways formed by two line-contact H-shaped rollers at each end of their respective main shaft square tubes. Due to the concentrated pressure from the line-contact rollers, the slide rods, being large in size, length, and weight, are prone to fatigue, thus reducing their service life. This is especially true when manufacturing very low-power slide rods, where the materials need to be thinner and lighter. To further improve the working environment of the slide rods, increase efficiency, and extend their service life, surface-contact rolling bearings were invented. F1 is the left side of the main shaft square tube of the horizontal slide rod, F2 is the right side of the square tube; F3 is the left slide rod roller fixing plate, F4 is the right slide rod roller fixing plate; F5 is the upper left raceway roller of slide rod B, F6 is the lower left raceway roller of slide rod B; F7 is the upper right raceway roller of slide rod B, and F8 is the lower right raceway roller of slide rod B.

[0064] Figure 1-20 The second figure shows an example of the H-shaped ball contact self-leveling bearing of this invention being used in a slide raceway. This invention can also be used to construct the raceway of a Galilean ramp relay motion combined gravitational potential energy engine and to manufacture a Galilean ramp relay motion combined gravitational potential energy engine using this raceway, using an H-shaped ball contact bearing without self-leveling function. Figure 1-20 In the second image from the bottom, 1 is the main spindle square tube; 2 is the upper tube wall of the main spindle square tube; 3 is the lower tube wall of the main spindle square tube; 4 is the fixing plate (or bracket) on the left side for mounting the raceway bearing, and there is another fixing plate on the back. The fixing plate (or fixing sleeve) is fixed to the main spindle square tube by screws, rivets, welding, etc.; A is one of the 10 fixing screws (or rivets, etc.) on this side, and the screw head is indicated by a small black square in the image. 5 is the fixing plate (or bracket) on the right side for mounting the raceway bearing, and there is another fixing plate (or fixing sleeve) on the back, which is fixed to the main spindle square tube by screws, rivets, welding, etc.; B is one of the 10 fixing screws (or rivets, etc.) on this side, and the screw head is indicated by a small black square in the image. 6 is the self-leveling shaft with two H-shaped ball bearings in contact with the rolling bearings mounted on the fixing plate on the left side. The self-leveling bearings or bushings (sliding friction bearings) are fixed by bearing seats machined on the fixing plate. 7 is the self-leveling shaft of the two H-shaped ball bearings (surface contact rolling bearings) mounted on the right side of the fixed plate. The self-leveling bearings or bushings (sliding friction bearings) are fixed by bearing seats machined on the fixed plate. 8 is the left side of the slide rod. 9 is the right side of the slide rod. The difference between all types of self-leveling surface contact rolling bearings and ordinary surface contact rolling bearings is that they have self-leveling shafts and ordinary circular sliding or rolling friction bearings on both sides.

[0065] Figure 1-20 The third image from the bottom is a side view of the second image. Figure 1-20In the third image from the bottom, 1A is the self-leveling H-shaped ball bearing mounted at the top; 1B is the self-leveling H-shaped ball bearing mounted at the bottom; 2A is the left side of the leveling shaft of the upper self-leveling flat contact bearing; 2B is the right side of the leveling shaft of the upper self-leveling flat contact bearing; 3A is the left side of the leveling shaft of the lower self-leveling flat contact bearing; 3B is the right side of the leveling shaft of the lower self-leveling flat contact bearing; 4A is the left fixing plate, which is fixed to the main spindle square tube, with 5 fixing screws visible on the left; 4B is the right fixing plate, which is fixed to the main spindle square tube, with 5 fixing screws visible on the right; 5A is the left end face of the main spindle square tube visible from the left; 5B is the right end face of the main spindle square tube visible from the right; 6A is the left wall of the square tube slide rod; 6B is the right wall of the square tube slide rod; the actual slide rod can be hollow or solid, single tube or composite (combined).

[0066] Figure 1-21 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical ball contact bearing used in a Galilean inclined plane relay motion combined with a gravitational potential energy engine. In the diagram, 1 represents the slide rod; 2 is a cylindrical ball contact bearing located above the slide rod and integrated with it in the slide rod groove (slide rod raceway), represented here by a single ball; 3 is a cylindrical ball contact bearing located below the slide rod and integrated with it in the slide rod groove (slide rod raceway), represented here by a single ball. This bearing may or may not have a self-leveling function. Please refer to the overall installation structure. Figure 1-20 The only difference in the third image is the sliding rod and the balls of the surface contact bearing; the installation and fixing methods for the bearing body are the same. As for the H-type ball surface contact bearing and cylindrical ball surface contact bearing without self-leveling function, their installation is even simpler; the bearing body can be directly installed and tightened through the screw holes of the fixing plate.

[0067] Figure 1-22 It is a structural diagram of the application of adaptive devices in conjunction with ordinary bearings, wheels, tires, and wheel devices on irregular road surfaces or track changes, as well as adaptive devices in conjunction with various surface contact bearings. Figure 1-22 The left-middle image shows an adaptive surface contact device for changing tracks or road surfaces, equipped with five standard double-race ball bearings. One or more outer surfaces of the adaptive device may have several threaded holes and pin holes for mounting and fixing, or only threaded holes. Figure 1-22In the diagram, 1 is the upper surface of the cylinder head section of the adaptive device's main cylinder block. 2 is the bottom surface of the left-side cross-section of the integrated housing of the main cylinder block and the main slider (hereinafter referred to as the integrated housing). 3 is the bottom surface of the right-side cross-section of the integrated housing of the main cylinder block and the main slider (hereinafter referred to as the integrated housing). 4 is the cross-section of the sealing ring between the left-side main cylinder block (integrated housing) and the cylinder head above the integrated housing. 5 is the cross-section of the sealing ring between the right-side main cylinder block (integrated housing) and the cylinder head above the integrated housing. The cylinder head of the main cylinder block and the lower slider and the hydraulic cylinder integrated housing are fastened with screws, which are not shown in the diagram. 6 is the breather hole (atmospheric balance hole) of the left hydraulic cylinder. J is the breather hole (atmospheric balance hole) of the right hydraulic cylinder. All atmospheric balance holes can be connected to air filters, sharing one air filter, using independent air filters, or not using air filters at all. 7 is the rightmost hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder chamber; there are four more on the left. 8 is the connecting space at the top of the multi-cylinder block. 9 is the piston rod; there are four more identical piston rods on the right. 10 is the hydraulic oil level. 11 is the hydraulic fluid buffer level stabilizing baffle; there are three more such baffles on the left. 12 is the liquid communication hole (balance hole) below the baffle. The other three baffles on the left also have similar liquid communication holes (balance holes), located slightly above the upper surface of the cylinder and at the same height. 13 is the hydraulic oil inlet / outlet regulating port, also located slightly above the upper surface of the cylinder. The hydraulic oil chamber also has a liquid level pressure detection device, and an external display and control device. 14 is the gas inlet / outlet regulating port. This port has a gas regulating thread and interface on its outside, and connects to a gas source via a control valve. A gas pressure sensor / display device can be installed at the top of 1 or in the pipeline of outlet 14 for easy control. K is the piston connected to piston rod 9; there are four more piston rods on the right. G is the piston fixing nut; there are four more nuts on the right. F is the exposed piston rod thread above the piston rod; there are four more threads on the right. A is the slider (slider A) connected to piston rod 9; there are four more sliders on the right. H is the shaft on slider A used to mount bearings or wheels (tires), and there are four more identical shafts on the right; I is the bearing, wheel, tire, etc. mounted on this shaft, and there are four more identical shafts on the right. The common space above the piston of the adaptive device and above each cylinder can be filled with gas or liquid (liquid such as hydraulic oil) at a certain pressure, or with different proportions of gas and liquid. Generally, if the weight is particularly large, liquids such as hydraulic oil are used, and vice versa, gas (or gas and liquid can be used simultaneously) can be used. The space below each piston and above each slider is open to the atmosphere through a breather hole. There is a sliding fit or a small gap between each slider and between the slider and the integrated body to facilitate the entry and passage of lubricating oil. Where there is an oil pump, the slider and bearing can be lubricated by the oil delivered by the lubrication oil circuit. In other cases, grease (or lubricants such as solid graphite) is generally used for lubrication. The outer shell of the integrated body of the slider and cylinder can be equipped with interfaces for connecting oil pipes and internal oil holes for lubrication.When the road surface or track is irregularly undulating, the hydraulic cylinders or air cylinders of the bearings or wheels that press against the protruding parts will be lifted, and the hydraulic cylinders or air cylinders of the bearings or wheels that press against the concave parts will extend, thus ensuring that each wheel always maintains the same pressure contact with the track or road surface when the road surface or track is irregularly undulating within a certain range. Figure 1-22 In the left figure, L is the piston limiting retaining ring above the second cylinder from the left. Other cylinders may also have such retaining rings or none at all. This retaining ring can be integrally machined with the cylinder body. M is the piston limiting retaining ring below the second cylinder from the left. Other cylinders may also have such retaining rings or none at all. This retaining ring can be threaded to the bottom of the cylinder body. The invention can also place the stroke limiting function on the slider. As for liquid level and pressure, and gas pressure display and control devices such as sensors, displays (or monitors), solenoid valves, etc., as well as various lubrication methods, these are all long-standing applications in industrial machinery and can be easily implemented by industry professionals. They are not part of the scope of this invention and will not be discussed further here. Figure 1-22 The middle slider is a cuboid, but it can also be made into other shapes.

[0068] In addition to being used to install ordinary conventional bearings, wheels, and tires to form an adaptive surface contact device, the adaptive device can also be used to install various types or kinds of surface contact bearings of this invention under each slider if needed. However, installing surface contact bearings on the adaptive device is probably not very useful, so it will not be discussed here. Figure 1-22 The right image in the image is a side view of the slider. Figure 1-22 In the right figure, 1 is the slider. 2 is the bearing platform (bearing step, step) on the left side of the bottom of the slider. 3 is the bearing platform (bearing step, step) on the right side of the bottom of the slider. The distance between 2 and 3 is equal to the width of the bearing inner sleeve, and the diameter of the bearing platform is greater than or equal to or less than the outer diameter of the bearing inner sleeve. 4 is an end face of the upper bearing outer sleeve. 5 is a cross-section of the lower bearing outer sleeve. 6 is a cross-section of the upper bearing inner sleeve. 7 is a cross-section of the lower bearing inner sleeve. 8 is two balls in the double groove between the upper inner and outer sleeves. 9 is two balls in the double groove between the lower inner and outer sleeves. 10 is the bearing fixing shaft that passes through both ends of the bearing inner sleeve and is fixed in the slider shaft hole. The positioning of this shaft is generally achieved by retaining rings (circlips) in the shaft holes on both sides of the slider, or by using set screws or other methods for positioning or fixing.

[0069] Figure 1-23This diagram illustrates the application of adaptive devices in multi-tire adaptive road surface systems for various vehicles. When applied to rigid tracks, the cylinders and sliders of the adaptive surface contact device can be relatively centralized. However, in multi-tire vehicles, where tires are generally around one meter in diameter (some smaller, some larger), and the adaptive cylinders only require a few centimeters or tens of centimeters in diameter, each set of cylinders and sliders needs to be installed independently. The cylinders and oil / gas chambers simply need to be connected via smooth piping. This device can be used on both front and rear axles, with and without power input shafts. Regardless of whether each side of the vehicle has one, two, or more rows of tires, or a total of several or dozens of tires, the principle and structure of each set are the same. Therefore, only an example diagram of a single wheel application is shown here. Figure 1-23In this diagram, 1 is the wheel. 2 is the cross-section of the rear axle housing connected to the wheel, immediately adjacent to the tire (axle sleeve cross-section). 3 is the half-shaft cross-section. 4 is the U-shaped clip, which secures the connecting bracket and the rear axle together using screws and nuts installed on two U-shaped clips. 5 is the connecting bracket. 6 is the sliding rod on the connecting bracket. The top of the sliding rod can have an anti-loosening nut or pin with adjustable stroke. After the nut is adjusted and assembled, it is tightened. The bottom of the sliding rod has a bushing inside. If the sliding rod is solid, the shaft hole can be directly machined. The shaft passing through the shaft hole is fixedly connected to two lugs welded to both sides of the bracket 5. The pin can be fixed on both sides by snap rings (clamps, outer round clamps) or by pins at both ends, or it can be capped at one end and pinned at the other. 7 is the sliding sleeve. 8 is the riser tube welded or fixed as a single unit to the sliding sleeve. An internal bushing is located on the riser tube, and the shaft passing through the bushing hole is fixedly connected to two lugs welded to both sides of the frame. This pin can be fixed on both sides by snap rings (clamps, outer round clamps) or by pins at both ends, or it can have a cap on one end and a pin on the other. The double-headed arrow on 8 indicates that there is almost no wobble in either direction between the sliding rod, the sliding sleeve, and the upper and lower pin fixing parts. When the sliding sleeve 7 is extended to the top height of the riser tube 8, it can also be directly installed and fixed to the frame via pins and lugs, which is more practical. 9 is the cross tube on the frame. 10 is the lug welded as a single unit to the connecting bracket. 11 is the lug pin. 12 is the piston rod fixed by pin 11. 13 is the air filter element installed on the atmospheric balance hole below the cylinder piston (this filter element can be omitted). 14 is the cylinder. 15 is the hydraulic oil inlet of the cylinder. 16 is the fixing pin of cylinder 17. 17 is a hydraulic cylinder fixing lug welded to the frame. 18 is a flat plate welded (or pressed onto the plate below the two U-shaped clips) to the two U-shaped clips. 19 is a mounting hole for the positioning tension spring (or air cylinder tension spring) on ​​the flat plate. The other end of the tension spring or air tension spring is directly fixed to the frame horizontally (or tilted upwards) by a certain tension (or adjustable tension). If it is a tension spring, it has an adjustment screw or multiple hanging points with different tensions (the tension spring can also be adjusted by an electric pull rod (electric push rod)). If it is a pneumatic cylinder tension spring, only the air pressure needs to be adjusted (the structure used by the pneumatic tension spring is a traditional hydraulic cylinder structure, with air pressure applied to one side of the piston rod, and the other side without the piston rod used as an atmospheric balance hole).

[0070] The hydraulic oil inlets of each cylinder in each row of wheels on each side of the self-leveling device are connected to the bottom of a shared hydraulic oil chamber, just like in Figures 1 to 22. When the vehicle chassis needs to be raised, oil can be injected into the hydraulic oil chamber via a hydraulic pump; when it needs to be lowered, oil can be released. For empty or loaded vehicles, the internal air pressure above the hydraulic oil chamber can be adjusted to achieve good shock absorption. When traveling on uneven roads, the entire row of tires will automatically adjust its height under pressure, ensuring that each wheel contacts the ground with equal pressure. The sliding sleeve installed on the right side of the connecting bracket 5 can also be symmetrically placed on the left side of the bracket 5. When the sliding rod is hollow, the cylinder can also be installed inside the sliding rod. In this case, the sliding rod can also have an anti-detachment limiting function, which can also be achieved through the cylinder. The cylinder sliding rod sleeve can also be installed (or welded to) directly above the U-shaped clamp (or the corresponding mounting position can be directly placed on the sleeve of the middle shaft between the two U-shaped clamps), depending on whether the height allows. In Figure 11-23, the sliding sleeve and sliding rod can be removed, retaining only the structure of the traditional hydraulic cylinder. This allows the hydraulic cylinder to be directly installed at the position of sliding rod 6. Simultaneously, the vertical pipe 8 can be removed. Using only the cylinder requires increasing its strength. Considering waterproofing and rust prevention, the upper and lower positions of the cylinder can be interchanged. A few milliliters of lubricating oil (or hydraulic oil) can be injected into the atmospheric balance hole of the cylinder for lubrication. Whether the piston rod is facing upwards or downwards, including the sliding rod, a waterproof and dustproof sleeve with telescopic function can be installed. One end of the waterproof and dustproof sleeve is fixed with a pipe clamp to the outer circumference of the internally threaded end cap with the piston rod hole and piston cover oil seal. The other end is fixed to the piston rod lifting ring position, which is close to the piston rod working area and integrated with the piston rod. A component with the same outer diameter as the piston rod end cap (which can be made by stamping thin sheet metal) can also be welded to this position. A waterproof and dustproof device with equal diameters at both ends has more stable performance and a longer lifespan. Of course, it can also be made to accommodate fixed ports with different diameters on both sides. The cylinder breather pipe can be connected to a high location or to the air filter (the air filter can be shared by all cylinders or be independent). As for the retractable waterproof and dustproof cover, these are existing applications that have existed for many years and will not be discussed further.

[0071] Figure 1-24 This is a simplified application diagram of the adaptive device in multi-tire adaptive road surface systems for various vehicles. It refers to the solution mentioned above where a hydraulic cylinder directly replaces the sliding rod and sleeve. Such a cylinder is larger, and the clearances between the piston and cylinder wall, as well as between the piston rod and piston rod cylinder head, must be carefully controlled to ensure that they do not affect the lifespan of the seals. Figure 1-24 Hehe Figure 1-23 The same number in Chinese characters has the same meaning, and we only need to talk about the different parts. Figure 1-24 In the diagram, A is a piston rod mounting lug fixedly welded to bracket 5, and there is another one on the left side. B is the piston rod fixing pin, which passes through the piston rod and the fixing lugs on both sides. Figure 1-24The hydraulic cylinders can also be symmetrically placed on both sides of the bracket 5, or the hydraulic cylinders can be directly installed above the U-shaped clamp. Figure 1-24 The upper and lower pivot pins of the hydraulic cylinder and Figure 1-23 The purpose of the upper and lower pivot pins of the middle sliding rod sleeve is to enable the tires on both sides to automatically conform to the road surface when the wheel in the two diagrams and the wheel directly opposite are positioned with one side higher than the other. Wheels using adaptive devices can simultaneously possess both steering and power input functions. Figure 1-23 and Figure 1-24 The sliding rod, sliding sleeve, and hydraulic cylinder are typically mounted vertically. In practical applications, to save space, they can be modified to be mounted tilted inwards onto the frame, especially in small vehicles where height is limited. Cylinders mounted tilted inwards can also be placed on both sides of the bracket, or one side of the gas-hydraulic mixed pressure cylinder can be tilted onto the frame. Figure 1-23 and Figure 1-24 Two lifting lugs are welded to the upper surface of plate 18, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is installed obliquely on the inner side of the frame above. The pneumatic-hydraulic combined-action hydraulic cylinder of this invention can also replace the positioning spring, or a positioning spring can be used simultaneously. To obtain better shock absorption, the air pressure can be reduced when the vehicle is empty and increased when the vehicle is loaded. Hydraulic oil is injected to raise the vehicle height, and released to lower it (this can also be achieved by adjusting the air pressure).

[0072] In summary, compared to traditional cast iron sliding friction tracks (guides), the various surface contact rolling bearings of this invention are more robust, durable, labor-saving, and efficient. Since the operating speed of various machine tools is much lower than that of conventional high-speed bearings, the various mechanical equipment and machine tools made using this invention also possess the characteristics of high efficiency, labor-saving, robustness, and greater durability. The precision of the various mechanical equipment and machine tools made using this invention depends on factors such as the precision of the enterprise's mechanical industrial equipment, the selected materials, and quality control at all stages. The adaptive surface contact device, used in multi-wheeled vehicles, features adjustable shock absorption intensity and vehicle height, as well as consistent pressure balance for each tire on uneven road surfaces.

Claims

1. A surface contact rolling bearing, an automatically adjusting surface contact rolling bearing, an adaptive surface contact rolling bearing, and a mechanical device made from the bearing, wherein the surface contact rolling bearing and the automatically adjusting surface contact rolling bearing mainly consist of a stationary bearing body, balls circulating around the bearing body, a track cooperating with the balls, and a bearing ball guide plate; the bearing surface of the aforementioned surface contact bearing, which moves linearly, is a straight line in the direction of motion; the bearing surface of the aforementioned surface contact bearing, which moves as inner and outer arcs or inner and outer circumferences, is an inner and outer arc of corresponding diameter or an inner and outer circumference diameter in the direction of motion; the adaptive surface contact device mainly consists of a slider or slider and a sliding sleeve, an oil-air chamber shared by multiple hydraulic cylinders, and a surface contact bearing, wherein the surface contact bearing can be an ordinary bearing or a wheel / tire, and the slider and sliding sleeve of the adaptive device can also be removed and replaced entirely by a hydraulic cylinder.

2. The surface contact rolling bearing and automatic adjusting surface contact rolling bearing used in various mechanical equipment as described in claim 1 may have a built-in lubrication oil passage. The oil passage may be built-in or external. The position of the built-in or external lubrication oil outlet may be adjusted according to the actual installation position angle and the characteristics of the Earth's gravity.

3. The surface contact rolling bearings and automatic adjusting surface contact rolling bearings used in various mechanical equipment as described in claim 1 can be lubricated with machine oil, grease, or solid grease; the machine oil can be used in conjunction with the machine oil pump of the equipment, or the bearing can be directly immersed in the machine oil or used for lubrication by the splashing of the machine oil.

4. The surface contact rolling bearings used in various mechanical equipment according to claim 1 can be manufactured as single-raceway, double-raceway, triple-raceway, and multi-raceway bearings.

5. The surface contact rolling bearings applied to various mechanical equipment as claimed in claim 1 may have a self-leveling function or not; they may also be equipped with a device that automatically adapts to changes in track or road surface and be used with ordinary conventional bearings or tires (wheels); or they may be equipped with a device that automatically adapts to changes in track or road surface and be used with various surface contact rolling bearings.

6. The surface contact rolling bearings applicable to various mechanical equipment as described in claim 1 can be manufactured as cylindrical ball surface contact rolling bearings, tapered ball surface contact rolling bearings, spherical ball surface contact rolling bearings, elliptical ball surface contact rolling bearings, H-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearings, drum-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearings, concave ball surface contact rolling bearings, double tapered ball surface contact rolling bearings, hollow roller surface contact rolling bearings, helical hollow roller surface contact rolling bearings, V-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearings, and needle roller ball surface contact rolling bearings.

7. The ball chuck portion with larger side edge dimensions in the H-shaped ball surface contact rolling bearing used in various mechanical equipment as described in claim 1 may or may not adopt the structure described in the specification for enhancing the impact resistance and improving toughness of both sides.

8. The mounting surface of the surface contact rolling bearing used in various mechanical equipment as described in claim 1 can be one surface or more surfaces. It can be fixed by screws or by screws in combination with pins (locating pins). The number of threaded holes and pin holes on the bearing housing is unlimited.

9. The type of surface contact rolling bearing used in a certain mechanical equipment as described in claim 1 may be one or more types, and the quantity used is not limited.

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