Photovoltaic power station lightning protection device maintenance method, system and terminal

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection, and discloses a photovoltaic power station lightning protection device maintenance method, system and terminal, and the method comprises the steps: setting a lightning stroke simulation device, sending a gradient lightning stroke simulation action to a lightning protection device, and enabling a second electrical parameter to be greater than a first electrical parameter; establishing a lightning stroke simulation line and a communication transmission link, and sequentially collecting lightning protection feedback signals corresponding to two simulation actions; calculating a calculation value corresponding to the electrical parameter difference value and the feedback signal difference value so as to obtain a change ratio; and if the change ratio exceeds the preset reference ratio, prompting that the lightning protection is abnormal. According to the method, automatic monitoring of a large number of lightning protection devices is achieved, hidden dangers such as SPD recessive degradation and grounding system local corrosion can be accurately found, the subjectivity of manual inspection is eliminated, and data interaction continuity and detection reliability are kept.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of lightning protection, in particular to a photovoltaic power station lightning protection device maintenance method, system and terminal. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the large-scale development of photovoltaic power stations and the wide popularity of distributed photovoltaics, they are often deployed in lightning-prone areas such as open outdoor and high ground, and the core equipment such as photovoltaic modules and inverters contains a large number of sensitive electronic components, and high induced overvoltage is easy to occur on the DC side. Lightning disasters, including direct lightning and induced lightning, can directly damage photovoltaic arrays, break down electrical equipment insulation, cause fires, power outages and other safety accidents, resulting in huge economic losses. Therefore, the reliable operation of the lightning protection device of the photovoltaic power station is crucial, and its maintenance work is one of the core links to ensure the safe and stable power generation of the power station.

[0003] The existing lightning protection device of the photovoltaic power station is mainly divided into an external lightning protection system and an internal lightning protection system. The external system forms a lightning interception and discharge channel through a lightning arrester, a down conductor and a grounding device, and the internal system takes a surge protection device (SPD) as the core and cooperates with an equipotential bonding device to limit the amplitude of lightning overvoltage. Based on the collaborative protection principle of "interception-dredging-amplitude limiting", such devices have the characteristics of modular structure and strong protection specificity, but their operating state is greatly affected by environmental erosion, lightning impact times and other factors. Problems such as excessive grounding resistance and SPD degradation failure need to be promptly investigated through regular maintenance.

[0004] The current maintenance of the lightning protection device of the photovoltaic power station mainly relies on manual inspection mode. With the expansion of the capacity of the power station, the number of lightning protection devices has increased dramatically and is distributed in scattered areas. Manual inspection requires a large amount of manpower and cost, and has the problems of low efficiency and long inspection period. At the same time, manual detection is easily affected by subjective factors and is difficult to accurately identify potential hazards such as SPD hidden degradation and local corrosion of the grounding system. It is impossible to automatically monitor the state of a large number of lightning protection devices, resulting in the failure to replace some failed devices in time, which seriously affects the overall lightning protection effect of the photovoltaic power station and brings great risks to the safe operation of the power station. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to automatically monitor the state of a large number of lightning protection devices, the application provides a photovoltaic power station lightning protection device maintenance method, system and terminal.

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a photovoltaic power station lightning protection device maintenance method, which adopts the following technical scheme: A photovoltaic power station lightning protection device maintenance method, comprising the following steps: The lightning strike simulation device is arranged to send a lightning strike simulation action to the lightning protection device; the lightning protection device generates a lightning protection feedback signal in response to the lightning strike simulation action, and the lightning protection feedback signal is used to record the electrical parameter state of the lightning strike input end of the lightning protection device when the lightning strike simulation action is received; The lightning protection device in the photovoltaic power station is selected, the lightning strike simulation device is connected to the lightning protection device, and a lightning strike simulation line and a communication transmission link are established; based on the communication transmission link, the lightning strike simulation device and the lightning protection device perform data transmission; The lightning strike simulation device obtains a first simulation instruction, sends a first lightning strike simulation action through the lightning strike simulation line in response to the first simulation instruction, and obtains a first lightning protection feedback signal through the communication transmission link; Based on the first lightning protection feedback signal, after a preset delay time, the lightning strike simulation device obtains a second simulation instruction, sends a second lightning strike simulation action through the lightning strike simulation line in response to the second simulation instruction, and obtains a second lightning protection feedback signal through the communication transmission link; wherein the second electrical parameter of the second lightning strike simulation action is greater than the first electrical parameter of the first lightning strike simulation action; The difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter is calculated as a first difference value, and a first calculation value is calculated according to the first difference value and a preset first reference difference value; the difference between the second lightning protection feedback signal and the first lightning protection feedback signal is calculated as a second difference value, and a second calculation value is calculated according to the second difference value and a preset second reference difference value; The ratio of the second calculation value to the first calculation value is calculated as a change ratio value, and if the change ratio value is greater than a preset change reference ratio value, the lightning protection device is prompted to be abnormal.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the lightning strike simulation device sends a lightning strike simulation action to the lightning protection device in the photovoltaic power station, so that the lightning protection device generates a lightning protection feedback signal in response to the lightning strike simulation action. The lightning protection feedback signal can record the electrical parameter state of the lightning strike input end of the lightning protection device when the lightning strike simulation action is received. By connecting the lightning strike simulation device and the lightning protection device and establishing a lightning strike simulation line and a communication transmission link, data transmission between the lightning strike simulation device and the lightning protection device is realized, and the continuity of data interaction is maintained. The above method can adapt to detection requirements under different working conditions, match the actual operating state of the lightning protection device, facilitate timely discovery of potential hazards such as SPD hidden degradation and local corrosion of the grounding system, realize automatic monitoring of the state of a large number of lightning protection devices, maintain comprehensive control over the operating state of the lightning protection device, and form a closed-loop state sensing mechanism.

[0008] Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps: acquiring lightning strike number data within a preset collection duration, calculating lightning strike interval data according to the collection duration and the lightning strike number data; calculating an interval calculation value according to the lightning strike interval data and a preset reference interval data; acquiring lightning strike intensity data corresponding to the lightning strike number data within the collection duration, calculating average intensity data according to the lightning strike intensity data and the lightning strike number data; calculating an intensity calculation value according to the average intensity data and a preset reference intensity data; positively adjusting the delay duration according to the interval calculation value, and positively adjusting the first electrical parameter according to the intensity calculation value.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the delay duration and the first electrical parameter are dynamically adjusted, the real lightning strike situation in the natural environment is adapted, and the operation scene of the lightning protection device is matched, which is beneficial to keeping consistency between detection and actual lightning working conditions and strengthening the adaptability of state monitoring.

[0010] Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps: calculating a lightning strike calculation value by weighted calculation according to the interval calculation value and the intensity calculation value, wherein the weighted coefficient of the interval calculation value is a negative coefficient, and the weighted coefficient of the intensity calculation value is a positive coefficient; and positively adjusting the difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter according to the lightning strike calculation value.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solutions, the difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter is dynamically adjusted, the interval density and intensity fluctuation characteristics of natural lightning are adapted, and the intensity gradient change of the lightning protection device actually struck is matched, which is beneficial to making the parameter difference of the simulated lightning strike consistent with the actual lightning strike law, keeping the adaptability of state monitoring to different lightning strike scenes, and improving the scene matching degree of hidden danger identification.

[0012] Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps: recording lightning protection feedback signals of the first lightning simulation action within the working time of the lightning simulation device to obtain a first lightning curve, and recording lightning protection feedback signals of the second lightning simulation action to obtain a second lightning curve; wherein the parameters in the first lightning curve and the second lightning curve are parameters of the input end of the lightning protection device; recording a curve of the first electrical parameter within the working time of the lightning simulation device to obtain a first parameter curve, and recording a curve of the second electrical parameter within the working time of the lightning simulation device to obtain a second parameter curve; wherein the parameters in the first parameter curve and the second parameter curve are parameters of the output end of the lightning simulation device; calculating a graphic similarity value of the first lightning curve and the second lightning curve as a first similarity percentage value, and calculating a graphic similarity value of the first parameter curve and the second parameter curve as a second similarity percentage value; The similarity ratio is calculated as the ratio of the first similarity percentage value and the second similarity percentage value. If the similarity ratio is outside the preset similarity reference range, an abnormal lightning strike simulation warning is issued. Otherwise, the number of times the lightning strike simulation device executes the lightning strike simulation action in the detection of a single lightning protection device is adjusted according to the positive correlation between the similarity ratio and the distance value of the similarity reference range.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the parameter response characteristics of the lightning protection device are dynamically adapted, and the correspondence between the simulated lightning strike and the device feedback is matched. This facilitates timely investigation of anomalies in the lightning strike simulation line or communication transmission link, maintains the scenario adaptability of the detection process, and improves the matching degree of status monitoring.

[0014] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: There are multiple lightning protection devices within the first area, and the distance between the lightning protection devices and the center of the first area is less than the preset maintenance distance; The lightning strike simulation device is fixedly installed at the center of the first area and establishes a lightning strike simulation line with at most one lightning protection device through a maintenance switch and shielded power cable. The lightning strike simulation device and at most one lightning protection device establish a communication transmission link through a wireless communication module. The maintenance switch is located close to the lightning strike simulation device. Based on the location coordinates of multiple lightning protection devices, the location coordinates are sorted to obtain a coordinate sequence. The inspection route is obtained according to the coordinate sequence. By moving the position of the shielded power cable, the lightning strike simulation device is connected to the lightning protection devices on the inspection route in sequence. After connection, the lightning strike simulation action is executed through the lightning strike simulation line. After the lightning strike simulation is completed, a lightning protection feedback signal is obtained through the communication transmission link.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the centrally deployed lightning strike simulation device adapts to the distribution characteristics of lightning protection devices in the first area. By establishing lightning strike simulation lines and communication transmission links through maintenance switches, shielded power cables, and wireless communication modules, it matches the single-connection detection requirements. The inspection route is generated according to the location coordinates and the shielded power cables are moved to connect them in sequence, forming a dynamic inspection process. This facilitates full coverage monitoring of all lightning protection devices in the area, maintains the orderliness and continuity of the detection process, adapts to the characteristics of the dispersed devices, and improves the efficiency of batch monitoring.

[0016] Optionally, the step of sorting the position coordinates to obtain the coordinate sequence further includes the following sub-steps: Sort the position coordinates in ascending order or descending order; Alternatively, sort them according to the set spiral line from farthest to near the center position; Alternatively, the position coordinates can be sorted along the direction of the parallel lines.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, three sorting methods are provided: from small to large / from large to small, spiral from far to near, and parallel line direction. This adapts to different distribution patterns of lightning protection devices in the first area, matches diverse inspection scenario requirements, dynamically selects the appropriate sorting logic, helps shorten the movement path of shielded power cables, maintains the orderly connection of the inspection process, adapts to the characteristics of dispersed or centralized devices, and improves the continuity of monitoring of batch lightning protection devices in the area.

[0018] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: The second area has multiple lightning protection devices, and the distance between the lightning protection devices and the center of the second area is less than a preset maintenance distance; wherein the second area is larger than the first area; or, the second area is located in the outer area outside the first area and surrounds the first area. The lightning strike simulation device moves on the ground within the second area and establishes a lightning strike simulation line with at most one lightning protection device through a maintenance switch and a power interface. The lightning strike simulation device and at most one lightning protection device establish a communication transmission link through a wired communication module or a wireless communication module. The maintenance switch is located close to the lightning strike simulation device. Based on the location coordinates of multiple lightning protection devices, the location coordinates are sorted to obtain a coordinate sequence. The inspection route is obtained according to the coordinate sequence. The location of the lightning strike simulation device is used to connect the lightning strike simulation device to the lightning protection devices on the inspection route in sequence. After connection, the lightning strike simulation action is executed through the lightning strike simulation line. After the lightning strike simulation is completed, a lightning protection feedback signal is obtained through the communication transmission link.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the ground-based mobile lightning strike simulation device adapts to the range characteristics of the second area. It establishes lightning strike simulation lines and communication transmission links through maintenance switches, power interfaces, and wired / wireless communication modules to meet the monitoring needs of different area scales. The inspection route is generated by sorting the location coordinates, and the device moves dynamically to connect to the lightning protection devices in sequence. This facilitates full coverage monitoring of all lightning protection devices in a large area or peripheral area, maintains the orderly connection of the inspection process, matches the characteristics of dispersed or widely distributed devices, and improves the scenario adaptability and flexible connection of batch monitoring.

[0020] Optionally, the step of sorting the location coordinates of multiple lightning protection devices to obtain a coordinate sequence, and then obtaining the inspection route based on the coordinate sequence, further includes the following sub-steps: Based on the location coordinates of all lightning protection devices within the second area, and according to the initial location information of the lightning strike simulation device, the shortest path planning algorithm is used to calculate the shortest movement path covering the location coordinates of all lightning protection devices. The sorting result of the location coordinates corresponding to the shortest movement path is used as the coordinate sequence. The lightning strike simulation device moves sequentially along the shortest movement path to the connection position corresponding to each lightning protection device, establishes a lightning strike simulation line through the maintenance switch and power interface, and executes the lightning strike simulation action.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, based on the location coordinates of the lightning protection devices and the initial location information of the lightning strike simulation device within the second area, the shortest path planning algorithm is used to calculate the shortest movement path covering all devices and generate coordinate sequences and inspection routes. This adapts to the large-scale or peripheral distribution characteristics of the second area, matches the inspection requirements of mobile lightning strike simulation devices, dynamically plans the optimal route, which helps to shorten the device movement distance, maintains efficient connection of the inspection process, and quickly establishes lightning strike simulation lines and executes lightning strike simulation actions through maintenance switches and power interfaces. This adapts to the characteristics of devices that are widely and dispersed, and improves the travel adaptability and continuity of batch monitoring.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a maintenance system for a photovoltaic power station lightning protection device, which adopts the following technical solution: A maintenance system for a photovoltaic power plant lightning protection device includes a processor, wherein the processor executes the steps of the maintenance method for the photovoltaic power plant lightning protection device as described in any of the above claims.

[0023] Thirdly, this application provides a terminal that adopts the following technical solution: A terminal storing a program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station as described above.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: It emits gradient lightning strike simulation actions through a lightning strike simulation device, and combines the difference calculation and change ratio judgment of lightning protection feedback signals to achieve automatic monitoring of the status of a large number of lightning protection devices, dynamically adapting to different working conditions and natural lightning strike characteristics; it adjusts the delay time, electrical parameters, and parameter differences based on real lightning strike data to match the actual lightning strike scenarios and intensity change patterns of the lightning protection devices; it uses curve similarity analysis to identify anomalies in the simulated link and adjust the number of detections, combined with the regional inspection design of fixed or mobile lightning strike simulation devices, along with diverse coordinate sorting and shortest path planning, to adapt to the monitoring needs of different regional scales and device distribution patterns, maintaining the orderly connection and continuity of the detection process, facilitating the timely detection of potential hazards such as hidden degradation of SPDs and local corrosion of grounding systems, improving the scenario adaptability of batch monitoring and the matching degree of hazard identification, and forming a closed-loop status perception mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a step-by-step diagram of a maintenance method for a lightning protection device in a photovoltaic power station.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the dynamic adjustment steps of the delay duration and the first electrical parameter based on real lightning strike data.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the dynamic adjustment steps based on the difference between the second and first electrical parameters calculated using weighted lightning strike values. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In the description of this specification, the references to "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the described embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0030] This application discloses a maintenance method for a lightning protection device in a photovoltaic power station, referring to... Figure 1 It includes the following steps: Step 1: Deployment of Lightning Strike Simulation Device and Definition of Feedback Signals A lightning strike simulation device with gradient parameter output capability is installed. This device can simulate the voltage and current impact characteristics of natural lightning strikes and is specifically used to issue standardized lightning strike simulation actions to the lightning protection devices in photovoltaic power plants. After receiving the lightning strike simulation action, the lightning protection device will respond in real time and generate a lightning protection feedback signal. This feedback signal can accurately record the status of key electrical parameters at the lightning strike input terminal of the lightning protection device, including but not limited to one of the core parameters such as input voltage amplitude, current peak value, response time, and insulation resistance, with the input voltage amplitude being the preferred value.

[0031] Step 2: Device Connection and Link Establishment Select the lightning protection device to be tested from the photovoltaic power station. Based on the device's installation location and model, connect the lightning strike simulation device to the designated interface of the lightning protection device via shielded power cables, simultaneously establishing a stable lightning strike simulation line and a two-way communication transmission link. The communication transmission link can utilize a wireless communication module (such as LoRa or 4G) or wired communication. Based on this link, the lightning strike simulation device and the lightning protection device can exchange data, enabling the issuance of simulation commands and the uploading of feedback signals, ensuring the real-time performance and integrity of data transmission during the testing process.

[0032] Step 3: Execution and Feedback Acquisition of the First Lightning Strike Simulation The lightning strike simulation device receives a preset first simulation command through the control module. This command includes specific values ​​of the first electrical parameters, such as a specific amplitude of the impulse voltage. In response to this command, the lightning strike simulation device sends a first lightning strike simulation action to the lightning protection device through the established lightning strike simulation line. Simultaneously, it collects the first lightning protection feedback signal from the lightning protection device in real time through the communication transmission link and stores it in the local data storage unit, reserving basic data for subsequent comparative analysis.

[0033] Step 4: Execution and Feedback Acquisition of the Second Lightning Strike Simulation After receiving the first lightning protection feedback signal, the system waits for a preset delay time (e.g., 5-10 seconds) to ensure the lightning protection device returns to its initial working state. Subsequently, the lightning strike simulation device receives a second simulation command. The second electrical parameter in this command is greater than the first electrical parameter, such as an increase in the impulse voltage amplitude of 30%-50%, forming a gradient lightning strike simulation. The lightning strike simulation device sends a second lightning strike simulation action through the lightning strike simulation line and again collects the second lightning protection feedback signal through the communication transmission link, completing the signal acquisition under two sets of gradient simulation conditions.

[0034] Step 5: Difference Calculation and Percentage Conversion The two sets of collected electrical parameters and feedback signals are processed as follows: The difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter is calculated to obtain the first difference; the first difference is then compared with a preset first reference difference, and multiplied by 100% to obtain the first calculated value, presented as a percentage. The first reference difference is like the parameter gradient threshold under standard operating conditions. Similarly, the difference between the second lightning protection feedback signal and the first lightning protection feedback signal is calculated to obtain the second difference; the second difference is then compared with a preset second reference difference, and multiplied by 100% to obtain the second calculated value, presented as a percentage. This standardization of the data is achieved, where the second reference difference is like the feedback signal gradient threshold under normal conditions.

[0035] Step 6: Determine the change ratio and provide anomaly alerts The data processing module calculates the ratio of the second calculated value to the first calculated value to obtain the change ratio. This change ratio is then compared with a preset change reference ratio, which is calibrated based on the design standards and historical operating data of the lightning protection device. If the change ratio is greater than the reference ratio, it indicates that the parameter response of the lightning protection device under gradient lightning strike simulation exceeds the normal range. The system immediately alerts the lightning protection device to the abnormality through audible and visual alarms or remote notifications, reminding staff to promptly investigate and repair it. If the change ratio does not exceed the preset range, the lightning protection device is determined to be in normal condition, completing a single test process.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, a gradient lightning strike simulation action is sent to the lightning protection device in the photovoltaic power station through a lightning strike simulation device. This causes the lightning protection device to respond to the lightning protection feedback signal generated by the lightning strike simulation action. This feedback signal records the electrical parameter status of the lightning input terminal of the lightning protection device when it receives the lightning strike simulation action, avoiding the limitations of single-parameter detection. By connecting the lightning strike simulation device and the lightning protection device and establishing a lightning strike simulation line and communication transmission link, data transmission between the two devices is achieved, maintaining the continuity of data interaction and providing stable support for the detection process. The combination of gradient simulation action, difference calculation, and ratio judgment can adapt to the detection needs under different operating conditions, matching the actual operating status of the lightning protection device. This facilitates the timely detection of potential hazards such as hidden degradation of SPDs and localized corrosion of the grounding system, overcoming the subjective limitations of manual inspection and achieving automatic monitoring of the status of a large number of lightning protection devices, maintaining comprehensive control over their operating status.

[0037] To further enhance the scenario adaptability of condition monitoring, the delay duration and the first electrical parameter are dynamically adjusted based on real lightning strike data. The specific method also includes the following steps: First, a reasonable data collection period is preset, such as 1 month or 3 months, which can be flexibly set according to the frequency of lightning strikes in the area where the power station is located. The actual number of lightning strikes in the natural environment within this period is obtained through lightning monitoring sensors or meteorological linkage systems deployed at the photovoltaic power station. The average lightning interval data is obtained by dividing the collection period by the number of lightning strikes. This average time interval between a single lightning strike and the next is calculated. The calculated lightning interval data is then compared with a preset reference interval data to obtain the interval calculation value, presented as a percentage. This visually reflects the deviation between the actual lightning interval and the reference standard. The reference interval data is based on historical lightning strike statistics of the power station and the design standards of the lightning protection devices.

[0038] The system synchronously acquires lightning strike intensity data corresponding to each lightning strike count within the data collection period, including core parameters such as peak current or impulse voltage. Using an arithmetic mean algorithm, it calculates the average intensity data for that period, such as the average impulse voltage, based on the lightning strike count data. The average intensity data is then compared to a preset reference intensity data, determined according to local lightning disaster level classification standards and lightning protection device withstand thresholds. This calculated intensity value is also presented as a percentage, quantifying the difference between the actual lightning strike intensity and the reference standard.

[0039] The settings are adjusted according to the rule that "the calculated interval value is positively correlated with the delay duration." If the calculated interval value is larger, it indicates that the actual lightning strikes are more frequent, so the preset delay duration is reduced to make the time interval between two lightning strike simulations match the actual frequent lightning strike scenario. If the calculated interval value is smaller, it indicates that the actual lightning strikes are less frequent, so the delay duration is increased accordingly. At the same time, the settings are adjusted according to the rule that "the calculated intensity value is positively correlated with the first electrical parameter." If the calculated intensity value is larger, it indicates that the actual lightning strike intensity is higher, so the initial value of the first electrical parameter is increased to make the impact intensity of the first lightning strike simulation match the actual strong lightning strike environment. If the calculated intensity value is smaller, it indicates that the actual lightning strike intensity is lower, so the initial value of the first electrical parameter is decreased accordingly.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, based on real lightning strike quantity data, lightning strike interval data, average intensity data, and corresponding calculated values ​​in the natural environment, the delay duration and the first electrical parameter are dynamically adjusted. This not only adapts to the frequency and intensity characteristics of natural lightning strikes in different regions and at different times, but also accurately matches the actual operating scenarios of lightning protection devices. This helps maintain consistency between lightning strike simulation actions and actual lightning strike conditions, avoiding the problem of simulation and reality being disconnected due to fixed parameters. This adjustment method makes subsequent gradient lightning strike simulations more closely resemble the actual strike conditions of the device, further enhancing the scenario adaptability of condition monitoring and making the identification of potential hazards such as hidden degradation of SPDs and localized corrosion of grounding systems more closely resemble real operating conditions.

[0041] To achieve accurate quantification of the composite characteristics of natural lightning strikes, the method dynamically adjusts the difference between the second and first electrical parameters based on the weighted lightning strike calculation values. The specific method also includes the following steps: Based on the lightning characteristics of the area where the photovoltaic power station is located, such as whether lightning frequency or intensity is dominant, weighting coefficients for the interval calculation value and the intensity calculation value are pre-calibrated. The weighting coefficient for the interval calculation value is set to a negative coefficient, with a value range of, for example, -0.3 to -0.7, to reflect the logic that "the more frequent the lightning strikes, the larger the interval calculation value, and the more the adjustment weight of the parameter difference is biased towards suppression." The weighting coefficient for the intensity calculation value is set to a positive coefficient, with a value range of, for example, 0.3 to 0.7, to reflect the logic that "the higher the lightning strike intensity, the larger the intensity calculation value, and the more the adjustment weight of the parameter difference is biased towards enhancement." The sum of the absolute values ​​of the two coefficients is 1 to ensure the balance of the weighted calculation.

[0042] The calculated lightning strike value is obtained by weighting the values ​​according to the formula: Lightning Strike Calculation Value = (Interval Calculation Value × Negative Weighting Coefficient) + (Intensity Calculation Value × Positive Weighting Coefficient). This calculation comprehensively reflects the true characteristics of lightning strike intervals and intensity. This value quantifies the "density-intensity" composite characteristics of natural lightning strikes, avoiding parameter deviations caused by adjusting data from a single dimension.

[0043] The adjustment is made according to the rule that "the calculated value of lightning strike is positively correlated with the difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter". If the calculated value of lightning strike is larger, it indicates that the actual lightning strike has the characteristics of "high intensity + dense type". Then the difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter is increased so that the intensity span of the gradient lightning strike simulation is close to the actual strong impact and high frequency lightning strike scenario. If the calculated value of lightning strike is smaller, it indicates that the actual lightning strike has the characteristics of "low intensity + sparse type". Then the difference of the parameter is reduced accordingly to avoid excessive impact causing unnecessary damage to the lightning protection device.

[0044] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, and utilizing negatively weighted interval calculations and positively weighted intensity calculations, the composite characteristics of natural lightning strikes are accurately quantified, thereby dynamically adjusting the difference between the second and first electrical parameters. This method adapts to both the varying intervals of natural lightning strikes and the intensity fluctuations, ensuring that the parameter differences in the gradient simulation accurately match the intensity gradient changes of the actual lightning strikes, avoiding distortion of the simulation scenario caused by fixed differences. This multi-dimensional adjustment facilitates a deep alignment between the simulated lightning strike parameter gradient and the actual lightning strike patterns, maintaining the comprehensive adaptability of condition monitoring to different lightning strike scenarios such as "dense weak strikes" and "sparse strong strikes." It further improves the scenario matching degree for identifying potential hazards such as hidden degradation of SPDs and localized corrosion of grounding systems, making the detection results more closely reflect the actual operating state of the device.

[0045] To further improve the matching accuracy of hazard identification and the rigor of detection results, the method also includes the following steps: After the lightning strike simulation device is activated, the curve recording function is simultaneously turned on to capture the parameter change trajectory corresponding to the two lightning strike simulation actions. For the lightning protection device, the complete curve of the lightning protection feedback signal triggered by the first lightning strike simulation action over time is recorded to obtain the first lightning strike curve; the curve of the lightning protection feedback signal corresponding to the second lightning strike simulation action is recorded to obtain the second lightning strike curve. The parameters contained in these two curves are the core electrical parameters of the lightning protection device's input terminal, which may include the input voltage time waveform, current attenuation trend, or dynamic change value of insulation resistance, reflecting the response characteristics of the device, with the input voltage time waveform being preferred. At the same time, for the lightning strike simulation device itself, the output change curve of the first electrical parameter (such as simulated impulse voltage) is recorded to obtain the first parameter curve; the output change curve of the second electrical parameter (also such as simulated impulse voltage) is recorded to obtain the second parameter curve. The curve parameters cover the voltage peak stability of the device's output terminal, presenting the output state of the simulated action.

[0046] Graphical similarity analysis algorithms, such as Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and cosine similarity algorithms, are used to quantify the similarity of the two lightning strike curves and the two parametric curves. The morphological matching degree between the first and second lightning strike curves is converted into a first similarity percentage value in the range of 0-100%. The closer this value is to 100%, the more consistent the response behavior of the device is under the two gradient lightning strike simulations. Similarly, the morphological matching degree between the first and second parametric curves is calculated to obtain a second similarity percentage value, quantifying the stability and consistency of the output parameters of the simulation device under the two simulations.

[0047] The data processing module calculates the ratio of the first similarity percentage value to the second similarity percentage value to obtain the similarity ratio. A preset similarity reference range, such as 0.8-1.2, is pre-calibrated based on the response characteristic standards of lightning protection devices and the output accuracy requirements of lightning strike simulation devices. If the similarity ratio exceeds this reference range, it indicates a mismatch between the output state of the lightning strike simulation device and the response state of the lightning protection device. This may indicate problems such as poor contact in the lightning strike simulation line, signal interference in the communication transmission link, or abnormal output of the simulation device. The system immediately provides an anomaly alert through audible and visual alarms and remote monitoring platform notifications, facilitating timely troubleshooting by staff. If the similarity ratio is within the preset reference range, the distance between the similarity ratio and the midpoint of the reference range is calculated. For example, if the reference range is 0.8-1.2 and the midpoint is 1.0, the distance value is 0.1 when the similarity ratio is 1.1. The number of detections is adjusted according to the rule that "the distance value is positively correlated with the number of times the lightning strike simulation action is executed". The larger the distance value, the closer the similarity between the two curves is to the boundary of the reference range, and the number of executions needs to be increased, such as from 2 times to 3-4 times, to enhance the reliability of the data. The smaller the distance value, the closer the similarity is to the ideal state, and the initial number of executions can be maintained to avoid redundant detection.

[0048] By employing the above technical solution, the response characteristics of the lightning protection device and the output state of the lightning strike simulation device are fully captured through curve recording. The degree of curve shape matching is quantified by the similarity percentage value, achieving dual verification of the simulation process and feedback results. This method can dynamically adapt to the parameter response differences of different lightning protection devices, accurately match the correspondence between the simulated lightning strike output and the device feedback, and facilitate the timely location of potential anomalies such as poor contact in the lightning strike simulation line and signal distortion in the communication transmission link, avoiding deviations in detection results caused by simulation system failures. Simultaneously, the number of tests is dynamically adjusted according to the similarity ratio and the distance to the reference range, maintaining the scenario adaptability of the detection process while optimizing the detection intensity based on the actual matching situation, making the status monitoring more closely match the actual response patterns of the device.

[0049] The embodiments of this application also include the following steps: First, based on the equipment distribution density and geographical features of the photovoltaic power station, a first area is defined, such as a concentrated photovoltaic array block within the power station, and the coordinates of the center location of this area are determined. A preset maintenance distance is set, determined based on the effective transmission distance of shielded power cables, signal attenuation thresholds, and ease of operation, for example, 50 meters. All lightning protection devices located less than this maintenance distance from the center location are selected, ensuring that these devices are all within the detection range that can be connected via fixed cables, thus forming a centralized detection unit.

[0050] The lightning strike simulation device is fixedly installed in the center of the first area. This arrangement minimizes the cable connection distance to other lightning protection devices within the area, reducing signal transmission loss. The device is equipped with a maintenance switch and multiple sets of shielded power cables. The maintenance switch is specifically positioned close to the lightning strike simulation device for easy switching of connections and troubleshooting. During testing, an independent lightning strike simulation line is established with at most one lightning protection device via shielded power cables. The shielded cables effectively resist electromagnetic interference from other electrical equipment within the photovoltaic power station, ensuring signal stability during lightning strike simulation. Simultaneously, a two-way communication transmission link is established through wireless communication modules (such as LoRa or WiFi short-range communication modules), avoiding the cumbersome wired wiring and enabling efficient transmission of simulation commands and feedback signals. This meets the requirements of single-connection testing and eliminates signal crosstalk caused by simultaneous connections of multiple devices.

[0051] The precise location coordinates of all lightning protection devices within the first area are obtained through GPS positioning or a power plant equipment management system. These coordinates are sorted to obtain a coordinate sequence, with the sorting method flexibly selectable to suit the distribution of the devices. Based on the coordinate sequence, a patrol route with no intersections and minimal backtracking is planned to avoid problems such as tangling and pulling of shielded power cables during movement. During inspection, the free end of the shielded power cable is moved manually or with small mechanical traction, and connected to the designated interface of each lightning protection device in sequence according to the inspection route. After each connection is completed, the maintenance switch is closed, and the first and second lightning strike simulation actions are sent to the currently connected device through the lightning strike simulation line. After the lightning strike simulation actions are completed, the corresponding lightning protection feedback signal is obtained in real time through the wireless communication transmission link and stored in the system database. After a single inspection is completed, the connection is disconnected, and the cable is moved to connect to the next device, repeating the cycle until all devices in the area have been inspected.

[0052] By adopting the above technical solution, the lightning strike simulation device is fixed in the center of the first area, accurately adapting to the concentrated distribution characteristics of lightning protection devices in the area, significantly shortening cable connection distances, and reducing signal attenuation and interference risks. Leveraging the convenient operation of maintenance switches, the anti-interference characteristics of shielded power cables, and the flexible transmission advantages of wireless communication modules, stable lightning strike simulation lines and communication transmission links are established, perfectly matching the single-connection testing requirements and avoiding signal conflicts from multiple devices testing in parallel. An optimized inspection route is generated by sorting location coordinates, and the shielded power cables are moved to connect each device sequentially, forming a dynamic inspection process of "planning-connection-testing-disconnection." This facilitates full-coverage monitoring of all lightning protection devices in the area, maintaining the orderliness and continuity of the testing process. This solution is suitable for centralized and decentralized device deployments, eliminating the need for frequent movement of the lightning strike simulation device, reducing equipment handling and debugging time, and improving the efficiency of batch monitoring. Furthermore, the combined design of shielded cables and wireless communication further ensures the accuracy and transmission stability of the test data.

[0053] In this embodiment, the step of sorting the position coordinates to obtain the coordinate sequence further includes the following sub-steps: Three flexible coordinate sorting modes are provided to meet the diverse distribution needs of lightning protection devices in the first area: First, linear sorting is performed according to the numerical values ​​of the location coordinates from smallest to largest or from largest to smallest. This mode adapts to the arrangement of devices distributed along a straight line or concentrated in a certain direction, simplifying the sorting logic while reducing cable backtracking. Second, sorting is performed according to a preset spiral trajectory, from farthest to near the center of the first area. This mode adapts to scenarios where devices are radially and dispersedly distributed around the center, avoiding tangling caused by frequent switching between distant and near devices. Third, sorting is performed along a line parallel to the power station array layout or the geographical baseline. This mode adapts to the devices in a concentrated form with neat rows and columns, which matches the characteristics of the standardized layout of photovoltaic power stations.

[0054] By adopting the above technical solution, three differentiated sorting methods are provided: from small to large / from large to small, spiral from far to near, and parallel line. The appropriate sorting logic can be dynamically selected based on the actual distribution of lightning protection devices within the first area. Linear sorting matches linear distribution scenarios, spiral sorting adapts to radial distribution scenarios, and parallel line sorting fits neat array distribution scenarios, perfectly matching diverse inspection scenario requirements. This multi-mode design helps to minimize the movement path of shielded power cables, reduce cable pulling and tangling problems, maintain the orderly connection of the inspection process, adapt to the characteristics of dispersed devices, and also meet the needs of centralized layouts. This makes the cycle of "moving cables - connecting devices - performing tests" smoother during batch testing, further improving the continuity and ease of operation of batch lightning protection device monitoring within the area.

[0055] In this embodiment, the second area mobile full-coverage inspection scheme is as follows: Based on the overall layout of the photovoltaic power station and the distribution density of lightning protection devices, a second zone is defined. This zone must meet one of two core conditions: either its area is larger than the first zone, accommodating large-scale centralized photovoltaic arrays or cross-block device distribution; or it is located in the outer perimeter of the first zone, forming a ring that surrounds the first zone, covering the scattered lightning protection devices at the edges and corners of the power station. Simultaneously, a preset maintenance distance is set, based on the mobile lightning strike simulation device's movement radius, the effective transmission distance of the power interface, and the outdoor environmental signal attenuation threshold, for example, 100-200 meters, ensuring that all lightning protection devices within the zone are within a conveniently accessible detection range.

[0056] Mobile Device Deployment and Link Establishment: Lightning strike simulation devices with ground mobility, such as wheeled mobile platforms and tracked mobile carriers, are adopted, adapting to complex terrains such as grasslands and gravel areas in photovoltaic power stations. The device integrates a maintenance switch, a standardized power interface, and a dual-mode communication module, including wired and wireless communication modules. The maintenance switch is fixed near the lightning strike simulation device, facilitating quick start / stop of line connections and troubleshooting of contact faults. The power interface features anti-plugging and wear-resistant design with IP65 waterproof and dustproof rating, suitable for harsh outdoor environments. It can quickly connect to the corresponding interface of the lightning protection device to establish an independent lightning strike simulation line, avoiding signal interference from multiple connected devices. The communication transmission link can be flexibly selected according to the actual scenario: for close-range detection (e.g., the distance between the device and the lightning protection device ≤ 30 meters), the wired communication module is used to ensure data transmission anti-interference; for long-range detection or scenarios where wiring is inconvenient, the wireless communication module, such as 5G or LoRaWAN, is switched to achieve stable long-distance transmission of simulated commands and feedback signals, perfectly matching the monitoring needs of different area scales and environmental conditions.

[0057] The precise location coordinates of all lightning protection devices in the second area are collected through the power plant's GIS geographic information system or GPS positioning module. These coordinates are then sorted (using linear, spiral, or parallel line sorting methods) to obtain a coordinate sequence. Based on this sequence, a "shortest path priority, no overlapping coverage" inspection route is planned to minimize the movement distance and energy consumption of the lightning strike simulation device. During testing, the lightning strike simulation device moves autonomously or semi-automatically along the planned inspection route. Upon reaching the target lightning protection device, it connects via a quick-plug power interface and closes the maintenance switch to establish a lightning strike simulation line. Subsequently, it sends the first and second lightning strike simulation actions according to a preset procedure. After the actions are completed, it collects and stores lightning protection feedback signals in real time through a selected communication transmission link. After collection, the power interface and communication link are disconnected, and the device moves to the next target device. This process is repeated until all lightning protection devices in the second area have been tested.

[0058] During the relocation of the equipment, the connection status of the power interface and the signal strength of the communication link are monitored in real time. If a connection interruption or excessive signal attenuation occurs, a local audible and visual alert is immediately triggered, facilitating timely handling by staff. All detection data are simultaneously uploaded to the power plant's cloud management platform, forming a regional detection archive to provide a traceability basis for subsequent maintenance.

[0059] By adopting the above technical solution, the ground-based mobile lightning strike simulation device completely breaks through the coverage limitations of fixed devices, accurately adapting to the "wide-area distribution" or "surrounded" range characteristics of the second area, solving the monitoring problem of lightning protection devices at the edge of the power station and in scattered areas. Through convenient operation of the maintenance switch, rapid connection of standardized power interfaces, and flexible switching of the dual-mode communication module, stable lightning strike simulation lines and communication transmission links are established respectively, meeting both the efficiency requirements of large-scale centralized detection and the flexible requirements of peripheral decentralized detection. Based on location coordinate sorting, an optimized inspection route is generated, and the device dynamically moves to connect to each lightning protection device sequentially, forming a closed-loop process of "planning-movement-connection-detection-upload." This facilitates comprehensive monitoring of all lightning protection devices in the second area without blind spots, maintaining the orderly connection and efficient progress of the inspection process. This solution perfectly matches the characteristics of scattered or widely distributed devices, avoiding the problems of cable pulling and insufficient coverage of fixed devices, significantly improving the scenario adaptability and flexible connection of batch monitoring, and adapting to complex outdoor terrain and harsh environments.

[0060] In this embodiment, the step of sorting the location coordinates of multiple lightning protection devices to obtain a coordinate sequence, and then obtaining the inspection route based on the coordinate sequence, further includes the following sub-steps: First, the three-dimensional location coordinates of all lightning protection devices within the second area are obtained through the photovoltaic power station's GIS geographic information system or high-precision GPS positioning module, including longitude, latitude, and installation height, ensuring that the error of the coordinate data is controlled within ±0.5 meters; at the same time, the initial position information of the lightning strike simulation device is recorded, which can determine the specific orientation of the device when it is started, for the starting point of the edge of the second area, the preset equipment parking area of ​​the power station, or the center of the area, and provide a benchmark for path calculation.

[0061] Based on the distribution density (e.g., dense or dispersed) and terrain complexity (e.g., flat terrain or areas with many obstacles) of the lightning protection devices in the second area, a suitable shortest path planning algorithm is selected. For example, when the devices are dense and the terrain is flat, Dijkstra's algorithm is used to balance path optimality and computational efficiency; when the devices are dispersed and there are terrain obstacles, a genetic algorithm is used to iteratively optimize obstacle avoidance and shorten the journey. The location coordinates of all lightning protection devices and the initial location information of the lightning strike simulation device are input into the algorithm model. The core constraints are set as "covering all devices, no repeated paths, and shortest movement distance". The shortest movement path covering the location coordinates of all lightning protection devices is calculated. This path can automatically avoid fixed obstacles such as buildings, equipment supports, and cable trenches within the power station.

[0062] The coordinates of the lightning protection devices that the lightning strike simulation device passes through in the shortest movement path are sorted according to the passage order to obtain a coordinate sequence. This sequence directly corresponds to the inspection logic of "starting point → first device → second device → ... → last device". A visual inspection route is generated based on the coordinate sequence. The route clearly marks the connection point of each device, the direction of movement, the estimated movement time, and the distance between adjacent devices. This information is synchronously stored in the control module of the lightning strike simulation device to provide navigation basis for automatic or semi-automatic movement.

[0063] The lightning strike simulation device autonomously navigates along the shortest path. Upon reaching the connection point corresponding to each lightning protection device, it corrects deviations using a positioning calibration module to ensure the deviation is ≤0.3 meters. Subsequently, staff quickly start and stop the connection process via a maintenance switch near the device, connecting the standardized power interface to the detection interface of the lightning protection device to establish an independent lightning strike simulation line. Once the line is connected, the first and second lightning strike simulation actions are executed immediately. After the actions are completed, lightning protection feedback signals are collected in real time through a preset wired or wireless communication transmission link. After completing a single test, the connection is disconnected, and the device moves to the next device along the shortest path, repeating the cycle until the entire area test is completed.

[0064] By adopting the above technical solution, based on the precise location coordinates of the lightning protection devices in the second area and the initial location information of the lightning strike simulation device, and leveraging the shortest path planning algorithm adapted to the scenario, the optimal movement path calculation covering all devices is achieved. The generated coordinate sequence and inspection route perfectly match the inspection requirements of the mobile lightning strike simulation device. This method dynamically plans the journey, adapting to the "large-scale" or "surrounded" distribution characteristics of the second area, and can specifically shorten the device movement distance, reducing the movement mileage by 30%-50% compared to disordered inspection, thus reducing equipment energy consumption and travel time. Through the rapid connection of maintenance switches and power interfaces, a seamless connection between "movement-connection-detection" is achieved, maintaining the high efficiency and continuity of the inspection process. At the same time, the shortest path planning avoids ineffective backtracking and obstacle detours, perfectly adapting to the characteristics of widely dispersed devices, making the connection between device movement and detection operations during batch monitoring smoother, further improving the journey adaptability and continuity of batch monitoring, and ensuring that the full coverage inspection of lightning protection devices in the second area is both efficient and orderly.

[0065] This application also discloses a maintenance system for a photovoltaic power plant lightning protection device, including a processor, which executes the steps of the photovoltaic power plant lightning protection device maintenance method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0066] This application also discloses a terminal, which stores a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the maintenance method for the photovoltaic power station lightning protection device described in any of the above embodiments.

[0067] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A maintenance method for a lightning protection device in a photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A lightning strike simulation device is set up to send a lightning strike simulation action to the lightning protection device; the lightning protection device generates a lightning protection feedback signal in response to the lightning strike simulation action, and the lightning protection feedback signal is used to record the electrical parameter status of the lightning strike input terminal of the lightning protection device when it receives the lightning strike simulation action. Select the lightning protection device in the photovoltaic power station, connect the lightning strike simulation device to the lightning protection device, and establish a lightning strike simulation line and communication transmission link; based on the communication transmission link, the lightning strike simulation device and the lightning protection device transmit data; The lightning strike simulation device receives a first simulation command, responds to the first simulation command by sending a first lightning strike simulation action through the lightning strike simulation line, and obtains a first lightning protection feedback signal through the communication transmission link. Based on the first lightning protection feedback signal, after a preset delay time, the lightning strike simulation device obtains the second simulation command, and in response to the second simulation command, sends the second lightning strike simulation action through the lightning strike simulation line, and obtains the second lightning protection feedback signal through the communication transmission link; wherein, the second electrical parameter of the second lightning strike simulation action is greater than the first electrical parameter of the first lightning strike simulation action; The difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter is calculated as a first difference value, and a first calculated value is calculated based on the first difference value and a preset first reference difference value; the difference between the second lightning protection feedback signal and the first lightning protection feedback signal is calculated as a second difference value, and a second calculated value is calculated based on the second difference value and a preset second reference difference value. The ratio of the second calculated value to the first calculated value is the change ratio. If the change ratio is greater than the preset change reference ratio, an abnormality in the lightning protection is indicated.

2. The maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: Acquire lightning strike count data within a preset acquisition time, calculate lightning strike interval data based on the acquisition time and lightning strike count data, and calculate the interval calculation value based on the lightning strike interval data and the preset reference interval data. Obtain the lightning strike intensity data corresponding to the number of lightning strikes within the collection period, and calculate the average intensity data based on the lightning strike intensity data and the number of lightning strikes; The strength calculation value is calculated based on the average strength data and the preset reference strength data; Adjust the delay duration based on the interval calculation value and adjust the first electrical parameter based on the intensity calculation value.

3. The maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: The calculated value of lightning strike is calculated by weighting the interval calculation value and the intensity calculation value, wherein the weighting coefficient of the interval calculation value is a negative coefficient and the weighting coefficient of the intensity calculation value is a positive coefficient; the difference between the second electrical parameter and the first electrical parameter is adjusted according to the positive correlation of the calculated value of lightning strike.

4. The maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: During the working time of the lightning strike simulation device, the lightning protection feedback signal of the first lightning strike simulation action is recorded to obtain the first lightning strike curve, and the lightning protection feedback signal of the second lightning strike simulation action is recorded to obtain the second lightning strike curve; wherein, the parameters in the first lightning strike curve and the second lightning strike curve are the parameters of the input terminal of the lightning protection device. The first parameter curve is obtained by recording the curve of the first electrical parameter during the working time of the lightning strike simulation device, and the second parameter curve is obtained by recording the curve of the second electrical parameter during the working time of the lightning strike simulation device; wherein, the parameters in the first parameter curve and the second parameter curve are the parameters of the output terminal of the lightning strike simulation device; The first similarity percentage value is calculated by comparing the graphic similarity between the first lightning strike curve and the second lightning strike curve, and the second similarity percentage value is calculated by comparing the graphic similarity between the first parametric curve and the second parametric curve. The similarity ratio is calculated as the ratio of the first similarity percentage value and the second similarity percentage value. If the similarity ratio is outside the preset similarity reference range, an abnormal lightning strike simulation warning is issued. Otherwise, the number of times the lightning strike simulation device executes the lightning strike simulation action in the detection of a single lightning protection device is adjusted according to the positive correlation between the similarity ratio and the distance value of the similarity reference range.

5. The maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: There are multiple lightning protection devices within the first area, and the distance between the lightning protection devices and the center of the first area is less than the preset maintenance distance; The lightning strike simulation device is fixedly installed at the center of the first area and establishes a lightning strike simulation line with at most one lightning protection device through a maintenance switch and shielded power cable. The lightning strike simulation device and at most one lightning protection device establish a communication transmission link through a wireless communication module. The maintenance switch is located close to the lightning strike simulation device. Based on the location coordinates of multiple lightning protection devices, the location coordinates are sorted to obtain a coordinate sequence. The inspection route is obtained according to the coordinate sequence. By moving the position of the shielded power cable, the lightning strike simulation device is connected to the lightning protection devices on the inspection route in sequence. After connection, the lightning strike simulation action is executed through the lightning strike simulation line. After the lightning strike simulation is completed, a lightning protection feedback signal is obtained through the communication transmission link.

6. The maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of sorting the position coordinates to obtain a coordinate sequence also includes the following sub-steps: Sort the position coordinates in ascending order or descending order; Alternatively, sort them according to the set spiral line from farthest to near the center position; Alternatively, the position coordinates can be sorted along the direction of the parallel lines.

7. The maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: The second area has multiple lightning protection devices, and the distance between the lightning protection devices and the center of the second area is less than a preset maintenance distance; wherein the second area is larger than the first area; or, the second area is located in the outer area outside the first area and surrounds the first area. The lightning strike simulation device moves on the ground within the second area and establishes a lightning strike simulation line with at most one lightning protection device through a maintenance switch and a power interface. The lightning strike simulation device and at most one lightning protection device establish a communication transmission link through a wired communication module or a wireless communication module. The maintenance switch is located close to the lightning strike simulation device. Based on the location coordinates of multiple lightning protection devices, the location coordinates are sorted to obtain a coordinate sequence. The inspection route is obtained according to the coordinate sequence. The location of the lightning strike simulation device is used to connect the lightning strike simulation device to the lightning protection devices on the inspection route in sequence. After connection, the lightning strike simulation action is executed through the lightning strike simulation line. After the lightning strike simulation is completed, a lightning protection feedback signal is obtained through the communication transmission link.

8. The maintenance method for the lightning protection device of a photovoltaic power station according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of sorting the location coordinates of multiple lightning protection devices to obtain a coordinate sequence, and then obtaining the inspection route based on the coordinate sequence, further includes the following sub-steps: Based on the location coordinates of all lightning protection devices within the second area, and according to the initial location information of the lightning strike simulation device, the shortest path planning algorithm is used to calculate the shortest movement path covering the location coordinates of all lightning protection devices. The sorting result of the location coordinates corresponding to the shortest movement path is used as the coordinate sequence. The lightning strike simulation device moves sequentially along the shortest movement path to the connection position corresponding to each lightning protection device, establishes a lightning strike simulation line through the maintenance switch and power interface, and executes the lightning strike simulation action.

9. A maintenance system for a photovoltaic power station lightning protection device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor that performs the steps of the maintenance method for a photovoltaic power plant lightning protection device as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A terminal, characterized in that, The terminal stores a program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the maintenance method for the photovoltaic power station lightning protection device as described in any one of claims 1-8.

Images