Gypsum mining area saline-alkali soil treatment method
By dividing the gypsum mining area into grid cells and establishing feature vectors and decision matrices, screening grass species for mixed sowing, and optimizing planting strategies, the problems of salinization and desertification in the gypsum mining area were solved, and vegetation coverage and economic benefits were improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511647942.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
Gypsum mining areas are prone to salinization and desertification after restoration. Existing restoration methods are difficult to effectively improve vegetation growth and are costly.
The treatment area is divided into several basic grid units, grid feature vectors are established, multiple grass species are selected for mixed sowing, and feature vectors are reconstructed according to growth conditions. A decision matrix for parameter and planting variety matching is established to optimize planting strategies and dynamically adjust planting varieties.
It improved plant survival rate and vegetation coverage, reduced management costs, enriched ecological species, and increased the economic benefits of the managed area.
Smart Images
Figure CN121581376A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of saline-alkali land management technology, and in particular to a method for managing saline-alkali land in gypsum mining areas. Background Technology
[0002] In Northwest China, gypsum deposits are mostly located on or near the surface, with single deposits reaching tens of meters in thickness. After stripping away the topsoil, open-pit mining can commence. The mined-out area becomes a goaf. Taking a gypsum mine in Ningxia as an example, mining operations lasted over seventy years. After the first phase of mining, a rectangular pit was formed, approximately 1051 meters long east-west and 760 meters wide north-south, covering an area of 75.4592 hectares, with an average mining depth of 23 meters. The occupied land consisted of dry land, natural grassland, and rural residential land. To protect the local ecological environment, a method of simultaneous mining and restoration was adopted, aiming to restore the goaf to its pre-mining ecological state without causing pollution. The restored mine area must harmonize with the surrounding natural landscape while also considering cost. Current restoration methods involve covering the goaf with a certain thickness of original soil and planting appropriate native vegetation. Because the subsidence areas are low-lying and the ground beneath the original soil has poor permeability, gypsum mining areas are prone to efflorescence after remediation. Vegetation on the topsoil is difficult to survive, and nutrients are easily lost due to strong winds in winter and spring. After years of natural remediation, gypsum mining areas often suffer from salinization and desertification, making remediation quite difficult. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, this application proposes a method for the treatment of saline-alkali land in gypsum mining areas, which can improve the vegetation growth in the remediation area while reducing the salinity of the remediation area.
[0004] A method for treating saline-alkali land in gypsum mining areas includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the governance area into several basic grid units, denoted as... ,in i , j The rows and columns of the basic grid cells are defined, and a grid feature vector is established, which contains vegetation and soil information. Step 2: Select multiple grass species for mixed sowing in the treatment area, and reconstruct the grid feature vector based on the vegetation growth after mixed sowing; Step 3: Based on the reconstructed grid feature vectors, establish a decision matrix for parameter and planting variety adaptation; Step 4: Plant the corresponding plant varieties in the basic grid cells according to the decision matrix, and then monitor and update the grid feature vector; Step 5: Evaluate the governance effect based on grid feature vectors and dynamically optimize the decision matrix.
[0005] Preferably, in step 2, the mesh feature vector , in For vegetation coverage, As a dominant plant variety, For slope, For soil moisture, For soil electrical conductivity, Soil pH Organic matter content, For economic income.
[0006] Preferably, in step 2, the grass species include stress-resistant grass species, improvement grass species, and pioneer grass species.
[0007] Preferably, in step 3, the planted varieties include stress-resistant grass varieties, improvement grass varieties, pioneer grass varieties, economic grass varieties, and shrubs.
[0008] Preferably, in step 3, multiple plant varieties are adapted to multiple parameters in the decision matrix.
[0009] The technical advantages of this application are as follows: Addressing the issues of salinization and desertification that are common in current gypsum mine restoration processes, this application divides the restoration area into several basic grid units and establishes grid feature vectors for zoned restoration. These grid feature vectors can objectively reflect local soil and vegetation problems. By sowing different types of grass seeds, restoration personnel can understand the adaptability of different grass species, helping them optimize planting strategies and reduce wasted time and effort. Subsequently, a decision matrix for parameter and plant variety adaptation is established based on the grid feature vectors, allowing restoration personnel to understand the adaptation relationships of different plant species to different soil types. This facilitates site-specific transformation of saline-alkali land, improving plant survival rates and vegetation coverage. Furthermore, in subsequent continuous restoration processes, it can optimize plant varieties, enrich ecological species, and increase the benefits of the restored area. Attached Figure Description
[0010] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for treating saline-alkali land in gypsum mining areas according to this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the decision matrix in this application. Detailed Implementation
[0011] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0012] Please refer to Figure 1 A method for treating saline-alkali land in gypsum mining areas includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the governance area into several basic grid units, denoted as... ,in i , j The rows and columns of the basic grid cells are defined, and a grid feature vector is established, which contains vegetation and soil information. Step 2: Select multiple grass species for mixed sowing in the treatment area, and reconstruct the grid feature vector based on the vegetation growth after mixed sowing; Step 3: Based on the reconstructed grid feature vectors, establish a decision matrix for parameter and planting variety adaptation; Step 4: Plant the corresponding plant varieties in the basic grid cells according to the decision matrix, and then monitor and update the grid feature vector; Step 5: Evaluate the governance effect based on grid feature vectors and dynamically optimize the decision matrix.
[0013] In step 1, the basic grid unit can be square, rectangular, or irregularly shaped, and the area of each basic grid unit can be different. The basic grid units can be divided according to the terrain. For example, in a slope area, a region with the same slope can be divided into one basic grid unit. If the area is large, it can be divided into multiple basic grid units.
[0014] In step 2, the types of grass seeds include, but are not limited to: Pioneer herbaceous plants are those that have low environmental requirements and can quickly cover the ground, such as Artemisia arenaria and foxtail grass. Resilient herbaceous plants are those that can adapt to high salinity, poor soil, and water scarcity for a long time. They play an important role in windbreak and soil stabilization in harsh environments, such as alkali grass and salt-tolerant plants. Improvement-type herbaceous plants: This type of herbaceous plant promotes ecological improvement, can enhance soil nutrients, and is suitable for animal consumption, but it has certain requirements for its growing environment.
[0015] The purpose of this application to sow different grass species is twofold: first, to see if the land is suitable for planting; and second, to see which grass species grow well in the area and can become dominant varieties, thus providing a reference for subsequent management.
[0016] After grass seeds are sown, the soil quality within the grid is optimized based on the vegetation cover. In a preferred embodiment, when the vegetation cover of the basic grid unit is less than 10%, the top 40cm of soil in the original area is removed and backfilled with improved soil. When the vegetation cover of the basic grid unit is between 10% and 70%, different amounts of base fertilizer are applied according to the vegetation cover to increase the basic nutrients in the soil, and dominant plant varieties that grow in the area are sown to improve the vegetation cover.
[0017] The dominant species mentioned in this application refers to the plant species with the best growth and highest coverage in the region. For example, in a basic grid unit, there are five plant species, including Artemisia arenaria, Lysimachia nummularia, Imperata cylindrica, Alfalfa, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Among them, Artemisia arenaria has the best growth and the highest coverage in the grid unit, so Artemisia arenaria is the dominant species in that region. If the vegetation coverage of the region is only 12%, then Artemisia arenaria can be sown while fertilizing the region to increase the vegetation coverage.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the improved soil is a mixture of native soil, acetylated glucose soil conditioner, organic fertilizer, and microbial inoculant.
[0019] The acetylated glucose described in this application refers to a class of sugar derivatives in which all free hydroxyl groups in the glucose molecule are replaced by acetyl groups. Acetylated glucose undergoes hydrolysis with soil, converting into glucose and acetic acid. Under alkaline conditions, it can consume OH groups through hydrolysis. - This causes the soil pH to drop. The acetic acid, a hydrolysis product, is more acidic than carbonic acid and can react with Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ in gypsum-rich soils, producing CO₃²⁻. 2- HCO3 - It is converted into H2O and CO2. The CO2 is released into the soil in gaseous form, causing soluble CO3 in the gypsum mine soil to be released. 2- HCO3 - The content was effectively reduced, which also made CO3 2- HCO3 - The problem of increased soil pH due to hydrolysis is alleviated, thus reducing alkalinity and salinity. When used in combination with organic fertilizers and microbial agents, it can significantly improve vegetation survival rates.
[0020] When vegetation and soil change, the feature vectors within the basic grid cells will also change significantly. The grid feature vectors are then reconstructed based on these changes.
[0021] By establishing grid feature vectors, the vegetation and soil conditions within the region are quantified. By comparing the grid feature vectors before and after the changes, a more comprehensive understanding of the improvement of saline-alkali land in the region can be obtained, and further assistance can be provided for subsequent improvement of saline-alkali land.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment, in step 2, the mesh feature vector , in For vegetation coverage, As a dominant plant variety, For slope, For soil moisture, For soil electrical conductivity, Soil pH Organic matter content, For economic income.
[0023] In the decision matrix of this application, the matching of parameters and planting varieties can be one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many. In a preferred embodiment, species are screened through a combination of "salinity-topography-fertility" parameters, as shown in Table 1: Table 1: By establishing a decision matrix, plant survival rates can be improved, thereby increasing vegetation cover. Simultaneously, in subsequent saline-alkali land remediation, it can reduce remediation time and costs, and increase remediation benefits.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the decision matrix further establishes the relationship between parameters and the planting ratio of suitable species. For example, in environments with steep slopes, severe salinity, and low cover, the planting ratio of Artemisia arenaria and Agrostis pilosa changes accordingly when parameter values change. When <10%, Artemisia:Agropyron = 7:3; when 10% < When the content is less than 20%, the ratio of Artemisia argyi to Artemisia alata is 6:4.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment, planting is carried out according to the decision matrix as follows: Sowing should be done in mid-to-late April (when the soil temperature is >10℃). Drones should be used for sowing on slopes, while row sowing or drone sowing should be used on flat land. Shrubs (such as wolfberry) should be planted the following spring.
[0026] From April to October, the grid feature vector is updated every two months to determine... , , Data such as these are archived for easy retrieval and comparison.
[0027] In a preferred embodiment, through vector difference Evaluate the effectiveness of governance and iteratively optimize the decision matrix.
[0028] For example, three consecutive updates satisfy... >5%, and When <−1dS / m, the treatment is deemed effective; if <0, and >0, initiate emergency optimization, such as reseeding pioneer grass seeds.
[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the decision matrix is optimized as follows: Positive optimization: when From 30% to 60% When the concentration of saturation decreased from 8 dS / m to 5 dS / m, the species in the grid in the decision matrix were adjusted from "Artemisia argyi + Imperata cylindrica" to "Alfalfa + Glycyrrhiza uralensis", which increased the proportion of economic grass species and improved the benefits of governance.
[0030] Please refer to Table 1 for further examples. Figure 2 In the first scenario in Table 1, where the area changes from severely saline-alkali to moderately saline-alkali, the planted varieties should be changed from Artemisia arenaria + Lysimachia christinae to Lysimachia christinae + Caragana korshinskii. In the second scenario, where the area changes from moderately saline-alkali to severely saline-alkali, the planted varieties should be changed from Imperata cylindrica + Alfalfa to Alfalfa + Licorice.
[0031] Annual introduction: Introduce 1-2 new species each spring to test their adaptability in medium-coverage areas and update the decision matrix. For example, for the second type of grid unit in Table 1—gentle slope, moderate salinity, and moderate fertility—sea buckthorn can be planted in areas without vegetation to test its growth. Alternatively, some vegetation in the grid unit can be removed and replaced with sea buckthorn. Introducing new plant varieties can optimize and update the managed area, diversifying its plant species and generating economic benefits.
[0032] The following is a modification test conducted at a gypsum mine in Yanchi County, Ningxia, in accordance with this application.
[0033] Topography and degree of salinization: Slope area: accounting for about 10%, with a slope of 15-50°, soil EC value of 8-12 dS / m (severely saline-alkali), and vegetation coverage of <20%; Flat / depression areas: accounting for 90%, with a slope of <15°, soil EC value of 3-8 dS / m (moderately saline-alkali), and vegetation coverage of 10-50%. In some depressions, due to water accumulation and salt return, EC>9 dS / m.
[0034] Soil basic data: average pH=8.6 (strongly alkaline), organic matter content 0.8-1.2% (low fertility), soil moisture 15-30% (dry to moderately moist).
[0035] Phase 1: Mesh Generation and Initial Feature Vector Construction (March 2023) Slope area: Divided by slope unit, a continuous area with a slope > 40° is one grid, and the area with a slope of 15-40° is divided into 10m×10m (100㎡); flat land / low-lying land The grid is divided into 10m×10m square grids (100㎡ / unit).
[0036] Initial eigenvector determination Determining 8-dimensional parameters Phase 2: Mixed sowing of grass seeds (April 2023) Drones were used to sow grass seeds, including flat-eared ice grass, reed grass, sand wormwood, alkali grass, alfalfa, foxtail grass, plantain, reed, sand wormwood, dandelion, and licorice.
[0037] Two months later, the vegetation cover of the area was checked, and three typical grid units were selected, as shown in Table 2: Table 2: Soil optimization was carried out in the above three areas. For the low-lying grid: remove the top 40cm of original soil and backfill with improved soil (formula: original soil: acetylated glucose soil conditioner: organic fertilizer: microbial agent = 7.5:0.5:1.5:0.5), and adjust the pH to 8.0; For slope grids: apply base fertilizer, including 1.5 tons of organic fertilizer per mu and 0.3 tons of NPK compound fertilizer per mu; For flat grid areas: apply 1.0 ton / acre of organic fertilizer.
[0038] The grid feature vectors are then reconstructed, as shown in Table 3.
[0039] Table 3: Phase 3: Decision Matrix Construction and Species Adaptation (June 2023) Based on the initial feature vector, a "parameter combination-species" decision matrix is established, as shown in Table 4.
[0040] Table 4: Phase 4: Feature Vector Monitoring With slope grid For example, the monitoring results are shown in Table 5. Table 5: Phase 5: Evaluation of Governance Effectiveness and Optimization of Decision Matrix With slope grid For example, after two years of treatment, vegetation cover increased by 25%, and soil electrical conductivity decreased by 0.9 dS / m, indicating significant treatment effectiveness. With the increase in vegetation cover and the decrease in salinity, the original vegetation species can be appropriately replaced and optimized. Specifically, while maintaining the original vegetation cover, some areas of Artemisia arenaria can be replaced with Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which can both stabilize the slope and generate some economic value.
[0041] The parameter combination is optimized to: 20% <C<40%,P> 40°, EC < 8dS / m, OM > 1%, suitable species are Artemisia annua + Agropyron cristatum + Glycyrrhiza uralensis.
[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A method for treating saline-alkali land in gypsum mining areas, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: divide the management area into several basic grid units, denoted as wherein i , j is the row and column where the basic grid unit is located, and a grid feature vector is established, which contains vegetation information and soil information; Step 2: screening multiple types of grass seeds for mixed planting in the treatment area, and reconstructing the grid feature vector according to the growth of the vegetation after mixed planting; Step 3: establishing a decision matrix of parameter and planting variety adaptation according to the reconstructed grid feature vector; Step 4: planting corresponding plant varieties in the basic grid unit according to the decision matrix, and then monitoring and updating the grid feature vector; Step 5: evaluating the treatment effect based on the grid feature vector, and dynamically optimizing the decision matrix.
2. The method for treating saline-alkali soil in a gypsum mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the grid feature vector ， wherein is vegetation coverage, is dominant plant species, is slope, is soil moisture, is soil electrical conductivity, is soil pH, is organic matter content, is economic income.
3. A method for treating saline-alkali soil in a gypsum mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the grass seeds include stress-resistant grass seeds, improvement-type grass seeds, and pioneer-type grass seeds.
4. The method for treating saline-alkali soil in a gypsum mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the planting varieties include stress-resistant grass seeds, improvement-type grass seeds, pioneer-type grass seeds, and economic-type grass seeds, and shrubs.
5. A method for treating saline-alkali soil in a gypsum mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, in the decision matrix, multiple plant varieties adapt to multiple parameters.
6. A method for treating saline-alkali soil in a gypsum mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the vector difference Evaluate the effectiveness of the governance and iterate on the decision matrix.
7. A method for treating saline-alkali soil in a gypsum mine area according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before reconstructing the grid feature vector, the soil is improved, that is, when the vegetation coverage of the basic grid unit is less than 10%, the original area surface layer 40cm soil is excavated and replaced with improved soil; when the vegetation coverage of the basic grid unit is 10%-70%, different amounts of base fertilizer are applied according to the different vegetation coverage to increase the basic nutrients of the soil.
8. The method for treating saline-alkali soil in a gypsum mine area according to claim 7, characterized in that: The improved soil is mixed from original soil, acetylated glucose soil improver, organic fertilizer, and microbial agent.