Hierarchical quantitative site selection method for tide-absorbing mangrove forest planting and breeding coupling pond
By using a hierarchical quantitative site selection method to screen sites for tidal mangrove planting and aquaculture coupling ponds, the problem of unscientific site selection leading to unexpected benefits in existing technologies has been solved. This method ensures the feasibility and stability of the project and is applicable to ecological restoration and aquaculture in the southeastern coastal areas and global mangrove distribution areas.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511756860.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
The existing site selection of tidal mangrove planting and breeding coupling ponds lacks scientific and quantitative basis, resulting in the ecological and economic benefits of the project not meeting expectations, and there are problems such as insufficient water exchange, embankment collapse and land use conflicts.
A hierarchical quantitative site selection method was adopted, which involved screening at four levels: land type, intertidal zone location, soil properties, and mangrove buffer zone assessment. This ensured that the site had excellent hydrodynamic, ecological buffering functions, and economic feasibility, including specific numerical ranges for infrastructure, tidal amplitude, water quality, soil properties, and mangrove community structure.
It improves the scientific nature and operability of site selection, ensures the feasibility and long-term stability of the project, reduces surveying costs, and improves site selection efficiency. It is applicable to ecological restoration and green aquaculture in the southeast coastal areas and mangrove distribution areas worldwide.
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Figure CN121581675A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological engineering and aquaculture technology, and particularly relates to a hierarchical quantitative site selection method for a tidal mangrove aquaculture pond. BACKGROUND
[0002] Traditional coastal aquaculture (such as shrimp ponds and fish ponds) often faces problems such as high pollution, high disease, and high emissions, which puts great pressure on the nearshore ecological environment. At the same time, mangroves, as an important coastal ecosystem, have been degraded on a large scale due to factors such as pond aquaculture and urbanization. The purpose of the aquaculture-coupled ecological engineering is to combine aquaculture with mangrove wetland restoration, purify aquaculture tail water with mangroves, and use mangrove litter as energy input for the aquaculture system, forming a new ecological aquaculture model that is environmentally friendly and resource-circulating.
[0003] However, the success of this model is highly dependent on the scientificity of site selection. Existing site selection relies on experience and lacks systematic quantitative indicators and hierarchical screening systems, resulting in many projects facing problems such as insufficient water exchange, dike collapse, difficult water quality regulation, and land conflicts with surrounding communities after completion, ultimately failing to achieve the expected ecological and economic benefits.
[0004] Therefore, developing a scientific, quantitative, and operable site selection method is crucial for the successful design, construction, and sustainable operation of the tidal mangrove aquaculture-coupled pond. SUMMARY
[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a hierarchical quantitative site selection method for a tidal mangrove aquaculture-coupled pond, which can accurately identify the best site with excellent hydrodynamic conditions, ecological buffer function, soil stability, and economic feasibility through multi-level screening.
[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions: The present application provides a hierarchical quantitative site selection method for a tidal mangrove aquaculture-coupled pond, which includes the following four levels of screening: 1) Evaluate the candidate site from the land type and intertidal zone location; 2) Confirm that the candidate site is located in the intertidal zone, and measure the tidal wave amplitude and water quality; 3) Measure and evaluate the soil properties of the candidate site and the width of the mangrove buffer zone; 4) Screen the community structure and ecological function of the mangrove buffer zone.
[0007] Preferably, the land type in step 1) is an unused abandoned aquaculture pond or agricultural land, which has infrastructure.
[0008] Preferably, the infrastructure includes water, electricity, and transportation.
[0009] Preferably, the tidal amplitude in step 2) is 1.0-2.5 m, and the water quality meets the following conditions: total dissolved solids (TDS) is 5000-25000 mg / L, salinity is 15-35 ppt, turbidity is 20-200 NTU, transparency is 25-40 cm, dissolved oxygen is 4-12 ppm, and pH is 7.5-8.5.
[0010] Preferably, the soil properties in step 3) include a soil infiltration rate of less than 10 mm / day, a sulfide or sulfate layer depth of >70 cm, an organic soil layer thickness of <45 cm, a soil layer pH of >5 at a depth of 50-100 cm, and a depth from the surface layer to the rock layer of >100 cm.
[0011] Preferably, the width of the mangrove buffer zone in step 3) meets the following conditions: the width of the open coast mangrove is >50 meters, and the width of the estuary mangrove buffer zone is >10 meters.
[0012] Preferably, the mangrove buffer zone in step 4) is a diversified mangrove or a single species composed of small mangroves.
[0013] Preferably, the community structure of the mangrove buffer zone in step 4) includes at least 3 species of mangrove plants, and the average tree height of the stand is >2.2 m.
[0014] Preferably, the ecological function in step 4) is that the total amount of annual litter of the mangrove can provide 5-20% of the energy for the target aquaculture species.
[0015] The application also provides the use of the above method in screening aquaculture ponds.
[0016] Advantages
[0017] 1. Systematic: The method provided by the application classifies complex site selection factors into four logical and progressive screening levels (economic efficiency → water environment → soil environment → biological environment), avoiding omission of important factors.
[0018] 2. Quantification: Specific numerical ranges are provided for key parameters (such as tidal amplitude, buffer zone width, and litter proportion), which converts traditional experience-based judgment into objective quantitative standards, greatly improving the scientificity and operability of site selection.
[0019] 3. Prospective: Not only the feasibility of engineering construction is considered, but also the stability of long-term operation (such as the storm resistance of the buffer zone) and economic sustainability (such as the reduction of energy input costs) are fully evaluated.
[0020] 4. Efficiency: This method can be executed sequentially, and if any level is not met, the subsequent evaluation can be terminated, saving time and surveying costs, and improving site selection efficiency.
[0021] 5. Promotability: This method is suitable for areas with mangrove distribution in southeast China and even globally, providing key technical support for the coordinated development of mangrove ecological restoration and green aquaculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 Flowchart of the hierarchical quantitative site selection method of Example 1; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the site selected in Example 1; Figure 3 Whole production practice activity diagram of Example 3 in the selected site. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.
[0024] Example 1
[0025] A hierarchical quantitative site selection method for a tidal mangrove species-cultivation coupled pond, characterized by the following four sequentially executed screening levels: 1. First level screening: basic feasibility and economic assessment Table 1 Site screening criteria
[0026] From Table 1, we can see that: Land type confirmation: Preferably, abandoned aquaculture ponds and rice fields are selected. This not only avoids conflicts with agriculture, forestry or construction land, but also greatly reduces construction costs and engineering difficulties due to the presence of existing dam and sluice facilities.
[0027] Lease cost assessment: Assess the rental or acquisition cost of the site to ensure that the project is economically feasible.
[0028] Accessibility and safety assessment: The site should have access for vehicles and machinery to facilitate construction, management and harvesting; at the same time, the geological safety and flood and tide safety of the site are assessed.
[0029] 2. Second level screening: water power and water quality condition assessment
[0030] Tidal range measurement: The site must be located in the intertidal zone. The best average tidal range is 1.5-2.5 m, which can be confirmed by tidal tables and field measurements. This range ensures that the pond can be fully exchanged by the sluice under natural tidal action.
[0031] Sluice effectiveness check: The width of the existing or designed sluice is measured, and the outer sea current speed is investigated. A hydrodynamic model is established or calculated by an empirical formula to verify that the sluice can effectively intake and discharge water at high and low tides.
[0032] Water quality parameter determination: The water quality of the surrounding water sources of the candidate site is monitored for at least one cycle (including spring and neap tides). The hydrodynamic and water quality condition parameter standards are shown in Table 2.
[0033] Table 2 Hydrodynamic and water quality condition parameter standards
[0034] 3. Third level screening: Soil and ecological buffer zone evaluation
[0035] Soil sediment property analysis: The pond bottom mud and dam soil are sampled and analyzed. The soil seepage rate should be less than 10 mm / day to avoid excessive loss of aquaculture water. Using aerial photography or field reconnaissance, the width of the mangrove belt in the intertidal zone outside the pond dam is measured. This buffer zone should be continuous and healthy, effectively reducing wave energy, reducing dam erosion, resisting storm surges, and purifying aquaculture effluent. The soil pH, sulfide content, and organic matter content should be suitable for mangrove plant growth and aquaculture. The soil and ecological buffer zone selection criteria are shown in Table 3
[0036] Table 3 Soil and ecological buffer zone selection criteria
[0037] 4. Fourth level screening: Mangrove community and energy input evaluation
[0038] Surrounding mangrove community investigation: The mangrove community within 200 meters of the candidate site is investigated.
[0039] Diversity requirement: There should be at least 3 species of mangrove plants to avoid the risk of single species being susceptible to disease and pests.
[0040] Maturity requirement: Mature forests should be the main type, with an average tree height of more than 2.2 meters and a dense canopy.
[0041] Energy input estimation: Through quadrat investigation and data consultation, the annual amount of litter in unit area of mangrove forest is estimated. The total amount of annual litter in the total area of surrounding mangrove forest can theoretically provide 5%~20% of the energy required by the target breeding species (such as crabs and fish), thereby reducing the cost of artificial bait feeding and enhancing the material circulation within and outside the system.
[0042] The site (site diagram as shown in Figure 2 , where a: abandoned breeding pond, b: estuary, c: intertidal zone mangrove, d: open sea) that has passed through the above four levels of screening can be identified as an optimal site suitable for the construction of mangrove breeding coupling ecological engineering.
[0043] Example 2
[0044] First, based on satellite maps and visits to coastal communities, a number of eligible abandoned breeding ponds are preliminarily circled as candidate sites (first level).
[0045] Site A is investigated in the field. It is confirmed that it has low rental cost and has access roads. Combined with the use history survey, it is confirmed that it is located in the intertidal zone, and the tidal amplitude reaches 2.0 meters, confirming that it can meet the water exchange demand of 8.5 mu of water, meeting the requirements (second level). The external water quality is detected, and after one month of continuous monitoring, the salinity is 18.86‰, the dissolved oxygen is 6.5 mg / L, the pH is 7.92, the total dissolved solids are 14.19 g / L, the turbidity is 19.28 NTU, the transparency is 40 cm, the nitrite content is less than 0.1 mg / L, the sulfide content is less than 0.05 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than 0.2 mg / L, and the water temperature is 31.7 ℃. Each index meets the most suitable or suitable standard.
[0046] A double-ring water infiltration test is conducted on site A, and the analysis shows that the leakage rate is 5 mm / day, meeting the anti-seepage requirements. The pH of the water body and the soil pH of site A are both more than 7, combined with the red color of the soil, it is determined that the depth of sulfide or sulfate layer is greater than 100 cm, and no rock layer is found at a depth of 150 cm or more. Through field measurement, there is an average of 22 meters wide of Avicennia marina forest belt on the sea side, reaching the standard of 20 meters wide of the most suitable width of estuarine mangrove buffer zone (third level).
[0047] A community survey of the mangrove within 200 meters of site A is conducted, and it is found that there are mainly three species of A. marina, Kandelia candel and Distylium lancy, with an area of 2.9 hectares, an average tree height of 2.4 meters, and healthy growth. Litter decomposition can provide certain energy input, meeting the requirements of the fourth level.
[0048] In summary, site A has passed all four levels of screening and is identified as an ideal site for the implementation of breeding coupling ecological engineering.
[0049] Example 3 Production practice application
[0050] Five species of mangrove plants were planted in the screening field, including 3000 plants of each of the following species: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, Kandelia candel, and Lumnitzera racemosa. Each of the five species was planted at a density of 1.0 m x 1.5 m, and the planting specifications were medium-sized and small-sized seedlings.
[0051] The field-cultured aquatic seedlings included mud crab, white shrimp, and mussel. The mud crab was the main object of cultivation, and the mussel was mainly used as feed for the mud crab. In the first test cycle in 2024, a total of 1420 juvenile crabs were released, with an average weight of 74 g per crab and a total weight of 105.1 kg. After 70 days of cultivation, the first batch of 45 adult crabs was harvested, with an average weight of 236.1 g per crab and a total weight of approximately 11 kg. A total of 10 batches of 202 adult crabs were harvested, with a total yield of 47.7 kg, a harvest rate of 14.2%, and a yield of approximately 15.9 kg per mu. The quality of the adult crabs was generally good, and they were purchased by a local well-known catering enterprise (as shown in the production practice activity diagram Figure 3
[0052] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims
1. A hierarchical quantitative site selection method for tidal mangrove planting and aquaculture coupling ponds, characterized in that, Includes the following four levels of filtering: 1) Evaluate candidate sites based on land type and intertidal location; 2) Confirm that the candidate site is located in the intertidal zone, and measure the tidal amplitude and water quality; 3) The soil properties and the width of the mangrove buffer zone of the candidate sites were measured and evaluated; 4) Screening of the community structure and ecological functions of the mangrove buffer zone.
2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The land type mentioned in step 1) is an unused abandoned aquaculture pond or agricultural land with infrastructure.
3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The infrastructure includes sluice gates or culvert sluice gates, power grids, and roads.
4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tidal amplitude mentioned in step 2) is 1.0~2.5 m, and the water quality meets the following conditions: total dissolved solids of 5000~25000 TDS mg / L, salinity of 15~35 ppt, turbidity of 20~200 NTU, transparency of 25~40 cm, dissolved oxygen of 4~12 ppm, pH of 7.5~8.5, non-ionic ammonia content of less than 0.5 mg / L, sulfide content of less than 0.2 mg / L, nitrite content of less than 0.2 mg / L, and water temperature of 11~32℃.
5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The soil properties mentioned in step 3) include soil infiltration rate less than 10 mm / day, sulfide or sulfate layer depth >70 cm, organic soil layer thickness <45 cm, soil layer pH >5 at a depth of 50-100 cm, and depth from the surface to the rock layer >100 cm.
6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the mangrove buffer zone mentioned in step 3) must meet the following requirements: the width of the coastal mangrove buffer zone is >50 meters, and the width of the estuarine mangrove buffer zone is >10 meters.
7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mangrove buffer zone mentioned in step 4) is a single species composed of diverse mangroves or small mangroves.
8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The community structure of the mangrove buffer zone mentioned in step 4) includes: no less than 3 species of mangrove plants, and an average tree height of more than 2.2 m.
9. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological function described in step 4) is that the total annual litter volume of mangroves can provide 5-20% of the energy for the target aquaculture species.
10. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in screening aquaculture ponds.