Box-type substation and heat dissipation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a box-type substation and a heat dissipation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of substations, and the box-type substation comprises a case, an air cooling system, an air control assembly, a temperature sensor and a central control unit. A high-temperature area and a low-temperature area are independently arranged in the case, the air cooling system comprises a first independent air duct and a second independent air duct which communicate with the high-temperature area and the low-temperature area correspondingly, and the air control assembly is used for controlling the air cooling airflow flow in the two air ducts correspondingly. The central control unit coordinates and controls operation of the air cooling system and the air control assembly according to feedback signals of the temperature sensor. The air cooling system effectively solves the problems of uneven heat dissipation and local overheating of a traditional air cooling system, meanwhile, energy waste is avoided, and the heat dissipation efficiency and the equipment operation reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of substations, and in particular to a prefabricated substation and its heat dissipation method. Background Technology

[0002] Prefabricated substations are widely used in urban power distribution networks, industrial and mining enterprises, residential communities, railway transportation, ports and docks, and other places with high power demand due to their compact structure, convenient installation, small footprint, and reliable operation. Prefabricated substations typically integrate various electrical components. Under high load operation, especially in high-temperature environments, the high-heat components inside (such as frequency converters and braking resistors) generate a large amount of heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated effectively and in a timely manner, it will lead to excessively high local temperatures inside the enclosure, which will not only accelerate component aging and shorten equipment lifespan, but may also cause malfunctions and threaten the stable operation of the entire power system.

[0003] The mainstream cooling method for existing prefabricated substations mainly relies on forced air cooling systems. This system uses air inlets and outlets on the enclosure and fans to drive airflow, thus removing heat from the enclosure. While this method is simple in structure and low in cost, the complex layout of components inside the enclosure makes it difficult to optimize the airflow design, easily creating "heat dissipation dead zones" that airflow cannot effectively cover. For concentrated high-heat components, precise heat dissipation is difficult, leading to prominent localized hotspots. Furthermore, when the ambient temperature is high, the efficiency of heat exchange based on air temperature differences drops sharply, significantly reducing the cooling capacity of forced air cooling and making it difficult to meet the cooling requirements in hot weather.

[0004] In addition, although some high-end solutions use air conditioning to maintain a constant temperature inside the cabinet, the air conditioning equipment itself consumes a lot of power, has high operating costs, and has problems such as complex structure and the need to maintain condensate pipes.

[0005] Therefore, the industry urgently needs a new type of electrical cabinet heat dissipation technology solution that can achieve precise, efficient, and on-demand heat dissipation for high-density installation scenarios, while effectively reducing the overall energy consumption of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a prefabricated substation and its heat dissipation method.

[0007] Firstly, this application provides a prefabricated substation, which adopts the following technical solution: A prefabricated substation, comprising: The chassis has a high-temperature zone and a low-temperature zone, which are independently set up inside the chassis. The high-temperature zone is used to arrange high-heat-generating components, and the low-temperature zone is used to arrange sensitive components with low heat generation. The air-cooling system includes an air intake device and an air exhaust device installed on the chassis. The air intake device is respectively provided with a first independent air duct connected to the high-temperature zone and a second independent air duct connected to the low-temperature zone. The air control component is installed in the first independent air duct and the second independent air duct, and is used to control the air-cooled airflow in the first independent air duct and the second independent air duct respectively. The first temperature sensor is installed in the high-temperature zone to detect the temperature within that zone. The second temperature sensor is installed in the low-temperature zone to detect the temperature within that zone. The central control unit is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor respectively, and coordinates and controls the operation of the air-cooling system and the air control components based on the feedback signals from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

[0008] Optionally, the wind control component includes a guide vane and a stepper motor. The guide vane is rotatably disposed in the first independent air duct or the second independent air duct. The airflow of the air-cooled air in the first independent air duct or the second independent air duct is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing angle. The stepper motor is electrically connected to the central control unit and is used to drive the corresponding guide vane to rotate.

[0009] Optionally, a directional heat conduction module is also installed in the high-temperature zone. The directional heat conduction module is in close contact with the surface of the high-heat-generating components to absorb and conduct heat from the surface of the high-heat-generating components. An external heat exchange module is also provided on the chassis. The external heat exchange module is connected to the directional heat conduction block to dissipate the heat conducted by the directional heat conduction module to the external environment. Both the directional heat conduction module and the external heat exchange module are electrically connected to the central control unit.

[0010] Optionally, the directional heat conduction module includes a heat conduction plate, a liquid storage tank, a circulation pipeline, and a circulation pump. The heat conduction plate is attached to the surface of the high-heat-generating components. The liquid storage tank is used to store coolant. A microchannel cooling tube is embedded in the heat conduction plate. The circulation pipeline is connected to the microchannel cooling tube and the liquid storage tank respectively. The circulation pump is installed on the circulation pipeline and is electrically connected to the central control unit.

[0011] Optionally, the heat-conducting plate is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, and its bottom shape is adapted to the surface shape of the corresponding high-heat-generating component.

[0012] Optionally, the external heat exchange module includes a heat exchange plate and an auxiliary heat dissipation unit. The heat exchange plate is fixedly installed outside the chassis, and a coolant flow channel is provided inside the heat exchange plate. The circulation pipe is connected to the coolant flow channel inside the heat exchange plate. The auxiliary heat dissipation unit is used to help dissipate the heat on the heat exchange plate to the external environment.

[0013] Optionally, the auxiliary heat dissipation unit includes a heat dissipation box, an air supply duct, and a control valve. The heat dissipation box is fixedly installed outside the chassis. The air supply duct is connected to the air inlet device and the heat dissipation box respectively. The control valve is installed on the air supply duct and electrically connected to the central control unit. The heat dissipation box is provided with an exhaust port. The side wall of the heat dissipation box is provided with an installation port, and the heat exchange plate is fixedly installed in the installation port.

[0014] Optionally, the auxiliary heat dissipation unit further includes an external water-cooled pipe, which abuts against the surface of the heat exchange plate and is made of a thermally conductive material. The external water-cooled pipe is coiled around the heat exchange plate, and pipe joints are provided at both ends of the external water-cooled pipe for connecting to external cold water pipes.

[0015] Optionally, the exhaust device includes a first exhaust port located at the top of the high-temperature zone and a second exhaust port located at the top of the low-temperature zone. Both the first and second exhaust ports are equipped with electric air valves controlled by the central control unit for independently adjusting the exhaust efficiency of each zone.

[0016] Secondly, this application provides a heat dissipation method for a prefabricated substation, employing the following technical solution: A heat dissipation method for a prefabricated substation includes the following steps: S1. The temperature in the high-temperature zone is monitored in real time by the first temperature sensor, and the temperature in the low-temperature zone is monitored in real time by the second temperature sensor. The monitored temperature signals are then transmitted to the central control unit. S2. The central control unit compares the monitored temperature with the preset temperature threshold. S3. Based on the comparison results, the central control unit prioritizes the activation of the air-cooling system and, according to the different temperature conditions in the high-temperature and low-temperature zones, precisely regulates the airflow in the first and second independent air ducts through the air control components to achieve on-demand air delivery. S4. When the air-cooling system is unable to control the temperature in the high-temperature zone within the set range, the central control unit activates the directional heat conduction module and the external heat exchange module. The directional heat conduction module absorbs and conducts heat from the surface of the high-heat-generating components, and then the external heat exchange module dissipates the heat conducted by the directional heat conduction module into the external environment, thereby providing directional, efficient and precise heat dissipation for the high-heat-generating components and optimizing the temperature situation inside the chassis.

[0017] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application achieves precise zoned heat dissipation for high-heat and sensitive components by setting up high-temperature and low-temperature zones and employing independent air ducts and air control components. The central control unit coordinates and controls the air-cooling system based on feedback signals from temperature sensors, enabling the allocation of airflow as needed. This effectively solves the problems of uneven heat dissipation and localized overheating in traditional air-cooling systems, while avoiding energy waste and improving heat dissipation efficiency and equipment operational reliability.

[0018] 2. This application adds a directional heat conduction module and an external heat exchange module to the air-cooling system. When the air-cooling system cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements, it can conduct heat from high-heat-generating components and dissipate it to the outside through heat conduction. This effectively solves the problem of reduced air-cooling efficiency in high-temperature environments and enhances the system's environmental adaptability.

[0019] 3. This application uses a heat exchange plate to directly exchange the heat exported by the directional heat conduction module with the external environment. At the same time, the air supply duct guides part of the air-cooled airflow to the surface of the heat exchange plate to form forced convection heat dissipation, which significantly improves the external heat exchange efficiency and effectively dissipates heat to the external environment.

[0020] 4. This application adds an external water cooling pipe as an auxiliary heat dissipation method. When the ambient temperature is too high or the heat dissipation demand is extremely high, water cooling can be carried out by connecting an external cold water pipe, which further enhances the heat dissipation capacity and adaptability under extreme working conditions of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of this application, mainly used to illustrate the internal structure of the chassis; Figure 3 This is a structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of this application, mainly used to illustrate the structural schematic diagram of the risk control component; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the directional heat conduction module and the external heat exchange module according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchange plate used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the bellows in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Chassis; 11. High-temperature zone; 12. Low-temperature zone; 2. Air-cooling system; 21. First independent air duct; 22. Second independent air duct; 23. Air inlet device; 24. Exhaust device; 3. Air control component; 31. Guide vane; 32. Stepper motor; 4. First temperature sensor; 5. Second temperature sensor; 6. Central control unit; 7. Directional heat conduction module; 71. Heat conduction plate; 711. Microchannel cooling pipe; 72. Liquid storage tank; 73. Circulation pipeline; 74. Circulation pump; 8. External heat exchange module; 81. Heat exchange plate; 811. Coolant flow channel; 82. Heat dissipation box; 821. Exhaust vent; 83. Air supply pipeline; 84. Control valve; 85. External water cooling pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following will be combined with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 7 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described herein. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention and not all possible implementations. Those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort, and these embodiments are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] This application mainly adopts a scheme that combines zoned precise heat dissipation with multiple modes, which achieves the effects of distributing air volume as needed, solving local overheating, and improving heat dissipation adaptability. The following is a further detailed description of this application.

[0025] This application discloses a prefabricated substation. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The system includes a chassis 1, an air-cooling system 2, an air control component 3, a first temperature sensor 4, a second temperature sensor 5, and a central control unit 6. The chassis 1 has independently configured high-temperature zone 11 and low-temperature zone 12. The air-cooling system 2 is connected to the high-temperature zone 11 and the low-temperature zone 12 through a first independent air duct 21 and a second independent air duct 22, respectively. The air control component 3 is located in the first independent air duct 21 and the second independent air duct 22. The first temperature sensor 4 is installed in the high-temperature zone 11, and the second temperature sensor 5 is installed in the low-temperature zone 12. The central control unit 6 is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 4 and the second temperature sensor 5, and coordinates and controls the operation of the air-cooling system 2 and the air control component 3. This achieves precise heat dissipation for high-heat-generating and sensitive components, allocates airflow as needed, avoids energy waste, and improves heat dissipation efficiency and equipment reliability.

[0026] Reference Figure 1Specifically, the chassis 1 is the basic structure of the entire substation, providing installation space and protection for the internal components. Chassis 1 can be made of metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy, offering good strength and corrosion resistance. Its shape is typically rectangular for ease of installation and layout. High-temperature zone 11 and low-temperature zone 12 are separated by a partition. High-temperature zone 11 is used to house high-heat-generating components, such as frequency converters and braking resistors, which generate significant heat during operation. Low-temperature zone 12 is used to house sensitive components with lower heat generation, such as PLCs and communication modules. Separating them from high-heat-generating components avoids the impact of high temperatures on sensitive components.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first temperature sensor 4 is used to detect the temperature in the high-temperature zone 11. The first temperature sensor 4 can be a thermocouple or a thermistor, providing high temperature measurement accuracy. The second temperature sensor 5 is used to detect the temperature in the low-temperature zone 12. The second temperature sensor 5 can also be a thermocouple or a thermistor. The central control unit 6 is electrically connected to both the first temperature sensor 4 and the second temperature sensor 5, and coordinates the operation of the air-cooling system 2 and the air control component 3 based on their feedback signals. The central control unit 6 can be a microcontroller or a PLC, possessing strong computing and control capabilities.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The air-cooled system 2 includes an air intake device 23 and an exhaust device 24. The air intake device 23 can be a fan, which introduces cool outside air into the casing 1. The air intake device 23 is equipped with a first independent air duct 21 that communicates with the high-temperature zone 11 and a second independent air duct 22 that communicates with the low-temperature zone 12, thus enabling independent air supply to different areas. The first independent air duct 21 and the second independent air duct 22 can be made of metal or plastic pipes, which have good sealing and temperature resistance.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 The exhaust system 24 is used to exhaust hot air from the chassis 1, specifically including a first exhaust vent 821 located at the top of the high-temperature zone 11 and a second exhaust vent 821 located at the top of the low-temperature zone 12. Both the first and second exhaust vents 821 are equipped with electrically operated dampers controlled by the central control unit 6. These dampers can independently adjust the exhaust efficiency according to the temperature of different zones, ensuring effective heat dissipation in each zone. The electrically operated dampers can be butterfly valves or louvered valves, offering convenient adjustment and good sealing.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4The air control component 3 includes a guide vane 31 and a stepper motor 32. The guide vane 31 is rotatably mounted within the first independent air duct 21 or the second independent air duct 22, and the airflow rate of the cooling air within the first independent air duct 21 or the second independent air duct 22 is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing angle. The guide vane 31 can be made of aluminum alloy or plastic, which has a light weight and good corrosion resistance. The stepper motor 32 is electrically connected to the central control unit 6 and is used to drive the corresponding guide vane 31 to rotate. By driving the guide vane 31 to rotate through the stepper motor 32 to adjust the opening and closing angle, the airflow rate of the cooling air within the first independent air duct 21 and the second independent air duct 22 can be precisely controlled, realizing on-demand airflow distribution, effectively solving the problems of uneven heat dissipation and local overheating in the traditional air-cooling system 2, avoiding energy waste, and improving heat dissipation efficiency and equipment operational reliability.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 A directional heat conduction module 7 is also installed in the high-temperature zone 11 to absorb and dissipate heat from the surface of high-heat-generating components. An external heat exchange module 8 is installed on the chassis 1, and is connected to the directional heat conduction module 7 to dissipate the heat conducted by the directional heat conduction module 7 to the external environment. Both the directional heat conduction module 7 and the external heat exchange module 8 are electrically connected to the central control unit 6. When the air-cooling system 2 cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements, it can directionally conduct heat from high-heat-generating components to the outside environment, effectively solving the problem of reduced air-cooling efficiency in high-temperature environments and enhancing the system's environmental adaptability.

[0032] Reference Figure 5 Specifically, the directional heat conduction module 7 includes a heat conduction plate 71, a liquid storage tank 72, a circulation pipeline 73, and a circulation pump 74. The heat conduction plate 71, made of a high thermal conductivity material such as copper or aluminum, is attached to the surface of the high-heat-generating component. Its bottom shape is adapted to the surface shape of the corresponding high-heat-generating component, allowing for better contact and improved heat conduction efficiency. Microchannel cooling pipes 711 are embedded within the heat conduction plate 71, increasing the contact area between the coolant and the heat conduction plate 71 and improving heat exchange efficiency. The liquid storage tank 72 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the chassis 1 and is used to store the coolant. The circulation pipeline 73 is connected to both the microchannel cooling pipes 711 and the liquid storage tank 72. The circulation pump 74 is mounted on the circulation pipeline 73 and fixedly mounted on the side wall of the chassis 1, and is electrically connected to the central control unit 6. The circulating pump 74 can drive the coolant to circulate in the circulating pipe 73 and the microchannel cooling pipe 711, carrying away heat from high-heat-generating components.

[0033] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6The external heat exchange module 8 includes a heat exchange plate 81 and an auxiliary heat dissipation unit. The heat exchange plate 81 can be a heat dissipation fin plate. The heat exchange plate 81 is fixedly installed outside the chassis 1, and a coolant flow channel 811 is provided inside the heat exchange plate 81. The circulation pipe 73 is connected to the coolant flow channel 811 inside the heat exchange plate 81. The coolant flows inside the heat exchange plate 81 and transfers heat to the heat exchange plate 81.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 The auxiliary heat dissipation unit is used to help dissipate the heat from the heat exchange plate 81 to the external environment. Specifically, the auxiliary heat dissipation unit includes a heat dissipation box 82, an air supply duct 83, and a control valve 84. The heat dissipation box 82 is fixedly installed outside the chassis 1. The air supply duct 83 is connected to both the air inlet device 23 and the heat dissipation box 82. The control valve 84 is installed on the air supply duct 83 and electrically connected to the central control unit 6. The heat dissipation box 82 is provided with an exhaust port 821, and an installation opening is provided on the side wall of the heat dissipation box 82, with the heat exchange plate 81 fixedly installed inside the installation opening. When the control valve 84 is opened, part of the air-cooled airflow enters the heat dissipation box 82 through the air supply duct 83, blows across the surface of the heat exchange plate 81, forming forced convection heat dissipation and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0035] Reference Figure 5 In addition, the auxiliary heat dissipation unit includes an external water-cooled pipe 85, which abuts against the surface of the heat exchange plate 81 and is made of a thermally conductive material, such as copper or aluminum. The external water-cooled pipe 85 is coiled around the heat exchange plate 81, and pipe joints are provided at both ends of the external water-cooled pipe 85 for connecting to external cold water pipes. When the ambient temperature is too high or the heat dissipation demand is extremely high, water cooling can be achieved by connecting to external cold water pipes, further enhancing the system's heat dissipation capacity and adaptability to extreme operating conditions.

[0036] The implementation principle of a prefabricated substation according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: By setting a high-temperature zone 11 and a low-temperature zone 12 inside the chassis 1, and using independent air ducts and air control components 3, precise heat dissipation of high-heat-generating components and sensitive components is achieved. The central control unit 6 coordinates and controls the operation of the air-cooling system 2 and the air control components 3 based on the temperature signals fed back by the first temperature sensor 4 and the second temperature sensor 5, allocating airflow as needed. This effectively solves the problems of uneven heat dissipation and localized overheating in traditional air-cooling systems 2, while avoiding energy waste and improving heat dissipation efficiency and equipment operational reliability.

[0037] Furthermore, a directional heat conduction module 7 and an external heat exchange module 8 are added to the air-cooling system 2. When the air-cooling system 2 cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements, the heat from high-heat-generating components can be directionally conducted and dissipated to the outside through heat conduction, effectively solving the problem of reduced air-cooling efficiency under high-temperature environments and enhancing the system's environmental adaptability. At the same time, the cooperation between the heat exchange plate 81 and the auxiliary heat dissipation unit significantly improves the external heat exchange efficiency, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

[0038] This application also discloses a heat dissipation method for a prefabricated substation, comprising the following steps: S1. The temperature in the high-temperature zone 11 is monitored in real time by the first temperature sensor 4, and the temperature in the low-temperature zone 12 is monitored in real time by the second temperature sensor 5. The monitored temperature signals are then transmitted to the central control unit 6. The first temperature sensor 4 and the second temperature sensor 5 can continuously and accurately acquire temperature information from the two zones, providing a basis for subsequent control.

[0039] S2, the central control unit 6 compares the monitored temperature with a preset temperature threshold. The preset temperature threshold can be set according to the operating requirements of different components, and the central control unit 6 determines whether the heat dissipation strategy needs to be adjusted by comparison.

[0040] S3. Based on the comparison results, the central control unit 6 prioritizes the activation of the air-cooling system 2, and precisely regulates the airflow in the first independent air duct 21 and the second independent air duct 22 according to the different temperatures in the high-temperature zone 11 and the low-temperature zone 12, thereby achieving on-demand air supply. If the temperature in the high-temperature zone 11 is high, the central control unit 6 can control the stepper motor 32 to adjust the opening and closing angle of the guide vane 31, increasing the airflow in the first independent air duct 21; if the temperature in the low-temperature zone 12 is low, the airflow in the second independent air duct 22 is reduced, thus achieving precise heat dissipation.

[0041] S4. When the air-cooling system 2 fails to control the temperature in the high-temperature zone 11 within the set range, the central control unit 6 activates the directional heat conduction module 7 and the external heat exchange module 8. The directional heat conduction module 7 absorbs and conducts heat from the surface of the high-heat-generating components, and then the external heat exchange module 8 dissipates the heat conducted by the directional heat conduction module 7 into the external environment, thereby providing directional, efficient and precise heat dissipation for the high-heat-generating components and optimizing the temperature situation inside the chassis 1.

[0042] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A prefabricated substation, characterized in that, include: The chassis (1) has a high-temperature zone (11) and a low-temperature zone (12) independently set inside the chassis (1). The high-temperature zone (11) is used to arrange high-heat-generating components, and the low-temperature zone (12) is used to arrange sensitive components with low heat generation. The air-cooled system (2) includes an air intake device (23) and an exhaust device (24) installed on the chassis (1). The air intake device (23) is provided with a first independent air duct (21) connected to the high temperature zone (11) and a second independent air duct (22) connected to the low temperature zone (12). The wind control component (3) is disposed in the first independent air duct (21) and the second independent air duct (22) and is used to control the air-cooled airflow in the first independent air duct (21) and the second independent air duct (22) respectively; The first temperature sensor (4) is installed in the high-temperature zone (11) and is used to detect the temperature in the high-temperature zone (11); The second temperature sensor (5) is installed in the low-temperature zone (12) and is used to detect the temperature in the low-temperature zone (12); The central control unit (6) is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor (4) and the second temperature sensor (5) respectively, and coordinates and controls the operation of the air-cooling system (2) and the air control component (3) based on the feedback signals of the first temperature sensor (4) and the second temperature sensor (5).

2. A prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind control component (3) includes a guide vane (31) and a stepper motor (32). The guide vane (31) is rotatably disposed in the first independent air duct (21) or the second independent air duct (22). The airflow of the air-cooled air in the first independent air duct (21) or the second independent air duct (22) is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing angle. The stepper motor (32) is electrically connected to the central control unit (6) and is used to drive the corresponding guide vane (31) to rotate.

3. A prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A directional heat conduction module (7) is also installed in the high-temperature zone (11). The directional heat conduction module (7) is in close contact with the surface of the high-heat-generating components and is used to absorb and conduct heat from the surface of the high-heat-generating components. An external heat exchange module (8) is also provided on the chassis (1). The external heat exchange module (8) is connected to the directional heat conduction block and is used to dissipate the heat conducted by the directional heat conduction module (7) to the external environment. Both the directional heat conduction module (7) and the external heat exchange module (8) are electrically connected to the central control unit (6).

4. A prefabricated substation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The directional heat conduction module (7) includes a heat conduction plate (71), a liquid storage tank (72), a circulation pipeline (73), and a circulation pump (74). The heat conduction plate (71) is attached to the surface of the high-heat-generating components. The liquid storage tank (72) is used to store coolant. A microchannel cooling tube (711) is embedded in the heat conduction plate (71). The circulation pipeline (73) is connected to the microchannel cooling tube (711) and the liquid storage tank (72) respectively. The circulation pump (74) is installed on the circulation pipeline (73) and is electrically connected to the central control unit (6).

5. A prefabricated substation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat-conducting plate (71) is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, and its bottom shape is adapted to the surface shape of the corresponding high-heat-generating components.

6. A prefabricated substation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The external heat exchange module (8) includes a heat exchange plate (81) and an auxiliary heat dissipation unit. The heat exchange plate (81) is fixedly installed outside the chassis (1), and a coolant flow channel (811) is provided inside the heat exchange plate (81). The circulation pipe (73) is connected to the coolant flow channel (811) inside the heat exchange plate (81). The auxiliary heat dissipation unit is used to help dissipate the heat on the heat exchange plate (81) to the external environment.

7. A prefabricated substation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The auxiliary heat dissipation unit includes a heat dissipation box (82), an air supply pipe (83), and a control valve (84). The heat dissipation box (82) is fixedly installed outside the chassis (1). The air supply pipe (83) is connected to the air inlet device (23) and the heat dissipation box (82) respectively. The control valve (84) is installed on the air supply pipe (83) and electrically connected to the central control unit (6). The heat dissipation box (82) is provided with an exhaust port (821). The side wall of the heat dissipation box (82) is provided with an installation port, and the heat exchange plate (81) is fixedly installed in the installation port.

8. A prefabricated substation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The auxiliary heat dissipation unit also includes an external water-cooled pipe (85), which abuts against the surface of the heat exchange plate (81) and is made of thermally conductive material. The external water-cooled pipe (85) is coiled on the heat exchange plate (81), and the back of the heat exchange plate (81) is provided with a groove adapted to the external cold water pipe. Both ends of the external water-cooled pipe (85) are respectively provided with pipe joints for connecting to external cold water pipes.

9. A prefabricated substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust device (24) includes a first exhaust port (821) located at the top of the high temperature zone (11) and a second exhaust port (821) located at the top of the low temperature zone (12). Both the first exhaust port (821) and the second exhaust port (821) are equipped with electric air valves controlled by the central control unit (6) for independently adjusting the exhaust efficiency of each zone.

10. A heat dissipation method for a prefabricated substation based on claim 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The temperature in the high-temperature zone (11) is monitored in real time by the first temperature sensor (4), and the temperature in the low-temperature zone (12) is monitored in real time by the second temperature sensor (5), and the monitored temperature signal is transmitted to the central control unit (6). S2, The central control unit (6) compares the monitored temperature with the preset temperature threshold; S3. According to the comparison results, the central control unit (6) prioritizes the start of the air-cooling system (2), and according to the different temperature conditions in the high temperature zone (11) and the low temperature zone (12), the air-cooling airflow in the first independent air duct (21) and the second independent air duct (22) is precisely controlled by the air control component (3) to achieve on-demand air supply. S4. When the air-cooling system (2) is unable to control the temperature in the high-temperature zone (11) within the set range, the central control unit (6) activates the directional heat conduction module (7) and the external heat exchange module (8). The directional heat conduction module (7) absorbs and conducts heat from the surface of the high-heat-generating components, and then the external heat exchange module (8) dissipates the heat conducted by the directional heat conduction module (7) into the external environment, thereby performing directional, efficient and precise heat dissipation on the high-heat-generating components and optimizing the temperature situation inside the chassis (1).

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