Wearable device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wearable device comprising: a flexible and extendable body configured to surround a portion of a user; an electronic module; and an inner earpiece configured to contact the auricle of the user's ear and deliver the electrical stimulation to the user.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application filed on December 4, 2020, with application number 202080095511.X and invention title "Wearable Device".

[0002] Cross-reference to related applications

[0003] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 943845, filed December 5, 2019, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0004] This disclosure relates to wearable devices. More specifically, this disclosure relates to wearable devices having brainwave sensing components and being wearable on a user's head. Background Technology

[0005] Users can interact with computing devices using, for example, a keyboard, mouse, trackpad, touchscreen, or motion capture device. As the way people interact with computing devices changes, computers can become usable for new purposes or more efficient in performing existing tasks. User commands for computing devices that might require several commands on a keyboard can instead be associated with thoughts or gestures captured and processed by sensory input devices. Because the human body has many parts that can be controlled through voluntary movement, there is an opportunity to capture and interpret other movements used for interacting with computing devices.

[0006] Biosignals are signals generated by living organisms that can be measured and monitored. Electroencephalograms (EEGs), galvanometers, and electrocardiographs are examples of devices used to measure and monitor human-generated biosignals.

[0007] The human brain generates biological signals such as electrical patterns, which can be measured / monitored using electroencephalography (“EEG”). These electrical patterns, or brain waves, can be measured by devices such as EEG. Typically, EEG measures brain waves in analog form. These brain waves can then be analyzed either in their original analog form or in digital form after analog-to-digital conversion.

[0008] Measuring and analyzing biosignals such as brainwave patterns has a variety of practical applications. For example, brain-computer interfaces (“BCIs”) have been developed that allow users to control devices and computers using brainwave signals. In another instance, analyzing brainwave patterns during sleep can allow users to understand their sleep patterns and / or improve their sleep quality. Summary of the Invention

[0009] According to one aspect, a wearable device is provided, comprising: a flexible and extendable body configured to surround a portion of a user; an electronic module having a surface defining a concave space between a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the first end being attachable at a first connection point to the flexible and extendable body by a first flexible retaining mount to allow the flexible and extendable body to rotate relative to the electronic module about a first axis and to transfer tension radially from the flexible and extendable body from the first axis to the electronic module; the second end being attachable at a second connection point to the flexible and extendable body by a second flexible retaining mount to allow the flexible and extendable body to rotate relative to electronics about a second axis and to transfer tension from the flexible and extendable body to the electronic module. The electronic module is radially transmitted from the second axis; and a biosignal sensor is disposed on the flexible and extendable body between the first connection point and the second connection point to contact at least a portion of the user's portion and receive biosignals from the user, wherein, when the flexible and extendable body extends for wear by the user with the electronic module attached: tension is applied to the electronic module from the flexible and extendable body by the first and second flexible retaining mounts to pull the electronic module toward the user, a portion of the flexible and extendable body between the first and second connection points rotates toward the concave space, and the electronic module pushes the biosignal sensor on the flexible and extendable body against the user's portion.

[0010] In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor is configured to contact at least a portion of the user's forehead.

[0011] In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor is an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor.

[0012] In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor is an electrode that measures and generates a potential.

[0013] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes an additional biosignal sensor for contacting at least a portion of the auricular region of the user's head.

[0014] In some embodiments, the additional biosignal sensor is an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes an electrical connection between the electronic module and the flexible and extendable body.

[0016] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes an electrical connection between the electronic module and the biosignal sensor.

[0017] In some embodiments, the electronic module is bent to roughly correspond to the user's head.

[0018] In some embodiments, the electronic module can be magnetically attached to the flexible and extendable body.

[0019] In some embodiments, the electronic module includes a first magnet and a second magnet, the first magnet being magnetically attached to the first flexible retaining mount at the first end, and the second magnet being magnetically attached to the second flexible retaining mount at the second end.

[0020] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes an additional biosignal sensor disposed on the electronic module.

[0021] In some embodiments, the additional biosignal sensor is an optical sensor.

[0022] In some embodiments, the optical sensor is mounted on a flexible protrusion of the electronic module, which is compressed when the electronic module is pulled toward the user's body.

[0023] In some embodiments, the optical sensor detects compression of the body based at least in part on the detected reflection distance of light reflected into the optical sensor.

[0024] In some embodiments, the optical sensor detects additional biosignals based at least in part on the detected reflection distance of light reflected into the optical sensor.

[0025] In some embodiments, the optical sensor detects additional biosignals based at least in part on the measured color and intensity of light reflected into the optical sensor.

[0026] In some embodiments, the flexible and extendable body includes a compressible section adjacent to the biosignal sensor, so as to compress to fit at least one biosignal sensor into the user's body.

[0027] In some embodiments, the compressible segment is shaped to fit at least a portion of the user's body.

[0028] In some embodiments, the compressible section comprises foam with variable density.

[0029] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes a light emitter.

[0030] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes a light receiver.

[0031] In some embodiments, the light receiver is positioned on the flexible and extendable body adjacent to the user's eye to detect light near the user's eye.

[0032] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes a vibration transducer.

[0033] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer is a loudspeaker.

[0034] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer generates physical vibrations.

[0035] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer is a microphone.

[0036] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer is mounted on the flexible and extendable body adjacent to the user's ear.

[0037] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer is mounted on the flexible and extendable body adjacent to the front of the user's head.

[0038] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer is mounted on the flexible and extendable body adjacent to the user's bone.

[0039] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes a plurality of vibrating transducers for beamforming.

[0040] In some embodiments, the plurality of vibration transducers are a microphone array for locating sound from a certain direction.

[0041] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes an accelerometer for detecting the user's motion.

[0042] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes a thermistor for detecting temperature.

[0043] In some embodiments, the thermistor is configured to detect relative temperature changes.

[0044] In some embodiments, the wearable device further includes a communicator for transmitting data to a computing device.

[0045] In some embodiments, the communicator communicates with the computing device over the Bluetooth communication protocol.

[0046] In some embodiments, the communicator communicates with the computing device over a Wi-Fi communication protocol.

[0047] According to another aspect, a wearable device is provided, comprising: a body that is flexible and extendable to surround a portion of a user; an electronic module having a surface defining a concave space; the electronic module being attachable at a first connection point to the flexible and extendable body via a first flexible retaining mount to rotate about a first axis, and at a second connection point to the flexible and extendable body via a second flexible retaining mount to rotate about a second axis, to generate a force radially from the first axis and the second axis to pull the electronic module toward the portion of the user; and a biosignal sensor. A biosignal sensor is disposed on the flexible and extendable body between the first and second connection points to contact at least a portion of the user's portion to receive biosignals from the user, wherein, when the flexible and extendable body is extended for wear by the user with the electronic module attached, a portion of the flexible and extendable body between the first and second connection points (e.g., the portion where the biosignal sensor is disposed) rotates toward the concave space, and the force pulls the electronic module to push the biosignal sensor on the flexible and extendable body against the user's portion.

[0048] Other features will become apparent from the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following description.

[0049] In this regard, before explaining any of the embodiments described herein in detail, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of the construction and arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This disclosure can have other embodiments and can be practiced or performed in various ways. Moreover, it should be understood that the phrases and terms used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be considered limiting. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Embodiments will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Figure 1A A perspective view illustrating an embodiment of the wearable device is shown.

[0052] Figure 1B The illustration shows what it looks like when worn by a user. Figure 1A A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device.

[0053] Figures 1C to 1L A schematic diagram illustrating an example stack for forming flexible electrodes in an embodiment of a wearable device is shown.

[0054] Figure 1M to 1V Various embodiments of attachment mechanisms for wearable devices are illustrated.

[0055] Figure 2A A perspective view of a wearable device according to an embodiment is shown.

[0056] Figure 2B It is illustrated Figure 2A A top view of the wearable device.

[0057] Figure 2C It is illustrated Figure 2A Front view of the wearable device.

[0058] Figure 2D It is illustrated Figure 2A A bottom view of the wearable device.

[0059] Figure 2E It is illustrated Figure 2A Rear view of the wearable device.

[0060] Figure 2F It is illustrated Figure 2A Bottom perspective view of the wearable device.

[0061] Figure 2G It is illustrated Figure 2A Top perspective view of the wearable device.

[0062] Figure 2H It is illustrated Figure 2A A perspective view of the back bottom of the wearable device.

[0063] Figure 2I yes Figure 2A A perspective view of the adjuster and buckle of the wearable device.

[0064] Figure 2J The illustration shows what it looks like when worn by a user. Figure 2A A perspective view of a wearable device.

[0065] Figures 2K to 2N Various embodiments of the bowstring design between the electronic module and the main body of the wearable device are illustrated.

[0066] Figure 3 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device with a crown-shaped strap when worn by a user is illustrated.

[0067] Figure 4 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device having a crown strap and a top strap when worn by a user is illustrated.

[0068] Figure 5 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device with a top strap when worn by a user is illustrated.

[0069] Figure 6 A perspective view illustrating an embodiment of a wearable device with a top strap and a hair penetration sensor is shown.

[0070] Figure 7 A perspective view of an embodiment of a wearable device having a top strap, a crown strap, and a hair penetration sensor is shown.

[0071] Figure 8 This is a top schematic diagram of a biosignal sensor integrated into a fabric substrate according to an embodiment.

[0072] Figure 9 It is integrated along line II into Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view of a biosignal sensor in a fabric substrate.

[0073] Figure 10A This is a rear view of the outer and inner layers of a wearable device having a flexible printed circuit board according to an embodiment.

[0074] Figure 10B yes Figure 10A The outer perspective view.

[0075] Figure 10C yes Figure 10A A perspective view of the inner layers and flexible printed circuit board.

[0076] Figure 10D This is a side view of a flexible printed circuit board configuration according to an embodiment.

[0077] Figure 11A According to an embodiment, it has a fabric pattern for forming a biosignal sensor for a wearable device.

[0078] Figures 11B to 11D An embodiment of the contact configuration of a biosignal sensor is illustrated.

[0079] Figure 11E The illustration depicts biosignal sensor contacts and leads connected to a flexible printed circuit board in a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0080] Figure 12A and 12B This is a schematic diagram of multiple biosignal sensors disposed in the main body of a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0081] Figure 13A A schematic side view of an embodiment of a wearable device according to an embodiment is illustrated, the wearable device having ear electrodes with an open 'bowstring' design, and Figure 13B This is a diagram of the wearable device unfolded.

[0082] Figure 13C An enlarged schematic side view of an embodiment of a wearable device having ear electrodes with a closed 'bowstring' design is shown.

[0083] Figure 13D Various configurations of wearable devices with ear electrodes according to various embodiments are illustrated.

[0084] Figures 13E to 13F Various configurations of biosignal sensors on the body of a wearable device according to various embodiments are illustrated.

[0085] Figure 14 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device 100 is shown, the wearable device having ear electrodes shaped to contact the upper and rear surfaces of a user's ear.

[0086] Figure 15A A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device with movable ear electrodes according to an embodiment is illustrated, and Figure 15B This is a diagram of the wearable device unfolded.

[0087] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the earpiece conductive sensor according to an embodiment.

[0088] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a sound delivery module according to an embodiment.

[0089] Figure 18 It is an electronic module connected to a wearable device according to an embodiment. Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the sound delivery module.

[0090] Figure 19A This is a schematic diagram of an inner earpiece with a conductive sensor backing frame according to an embodiment.

[0091] Figure 19B This is a schematic diagram of an inner earpiece with a conductive sensor backing frame according to another embodiment.

[0092] Figure 20 A partial cross-sectional view of a through-hair signal sensor in an uncompressed state according to an embodiment is shown.

[0093] Figure 21 The diagram illustrates the state of compression. Figure 20 A partial cross-sectional view of the biosignal sensor.

[0094] Figure 22 A partial cross-sectional view of a biosignal sensor according to an embodiment is shown.

[0095] Figure 23 It is illustrated Figure 22 A perspective view of a biosignal sensor.

[0096] Figure 24A schematic diagram illustrating the placement of a biosignal sensor on a user according to an embodiment is shown.

[0097] Figure 25 A schematic diagram illustrating the placement of a biosignal sensor on a user according to an embodiment is shown.

[0098] Figure 26 A perspective view of a biosignal sensor according to an embodiment is shown.

[0099] Figure 27 It is illustrated Figure 26 A top view of the biosignal sensor.

[0100] Figure 28 A non-contact electrode according to an embodiment is illustrated.

[0101] Figure 29A A side view of a user wearing a wearable device with capacitive electrodes according to an embodiment is shown.

[0102] Figure 29B It is illustrated Figure 29A A partial top view of the wearable device.

[0103] Figure 30A This is a top-down perspective view of an electronic module releasable from a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0104] Figure 30B This is another perspective view of an electronic module releasable from a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0105] Figure 30C This is an enlarged perspective view of a retaining mounting member for an electronic module of a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0106] Figure 30D This is an exploded view of a retaining mounting member for an electronic module of a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0107] Figure 30E This is a side view of a retaining mounting bracket for an electronic module according to an embodiment.

[0108] Figure 30F This is another front perspective view of the retaining mounting bracket for an electronic module of a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0109] Figure 30G This is an exploded view of the electronic module according to an embodiment.

[0110] Figure 30H This is a schematic diagram of the components of a printed circuit board and an electronic module according to an embodiment.

[0111] Figure 30IAn example embodiment of an electronic module with flexible protrusions for optical sensors is illustrated.

[0112] Figure 31A This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the top of an electronic module connected to a wearable device according to an embodiment.

[0113] Figure 31B It is connected to Figure 31A A schematic cross-sectional view of the electronic module of a wearable device from the side.

[0114] Figure 32 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the side of an electronic module connected to a wearable device according to another embodiment.

[0115] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of a pocket in the body of a wearable device for holding an electronic module, according to an embodiment.

[0116] Figures 34A to 34C A schematic diagram of an electronic module having a squeeze conductive pin for contacting a conductive wire is shown according to an embodiment.

[0117] Figure 35A and 35B A schematic diagram of an electronic module having a recess for receiving molded contacts according to an embodiment is shown.

[0118] Figure 36 and 37 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device having an extendable, stretchable forehead contact portion is illustrated.

[0119] Figure 38 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device having an extendable, stretchable forehead contact portion with attachment locations for auxiliary sensors is illustrated.

[0120] Figure 39A This is a schematic perspective view of a wearable device having a touchpad location according to an embodiment.

[0121] Figure 39B It has Figure 39A A schematic top view of the wearable device at the touchpad location.

[0122] Figure 40 It depicts having Figure 39A and 39B A cross-sectional side view of the wearable device at the touchpad location.

[0123] Figure 41 This is a schematic perspective view of a wearable device having an extendable, stretchable forehead contact portion according to an embodiment, in which an OLED flexible array can be disposed.

[0124] Figure 42 yes Figure 41 A schematic perspective view of the wearable device and the flexible OLED array in a downward folded configuration.

[0125] Figure 43A A top view of an airbag that can be integrated into a wearable device according to an embodiment is illustrated, and Figure 43B An airbag for use with a wearable device according to an embodiment is illustrated.

[0126] Figure 44 This is a perspective view of a wearable device according to an embodiment, having an electronic module disposed under a cover in the closed position.

[0127] Figure 45 This is a perspective view of a wearable device according to an embodiment, having an electronic module disposed under a cover in the open position.

[0128] Figure 46 This is a perspective view of a wearable device according to an embodiment, having an electronic module detached from a cover in the open position.

[0129] Figure 47 This is a perspective view of a wearable device having an electronic module housed in a pocket, according to an embodiment.

[0130] Figure 48 This is a perspective view of a wearable device with an electronic module detachable from a pocket, according to an embodiment.

[0131] Figure 49 This is a perspective view of a wearable device according to an embodiment, having an electronic module detachable from a pocket and fabric flaps.

[0132] Figure 50 This is a high-level block diagram of a biosignal analysis system according to an embodiment.

[0133] Figure 51 This is a block diagram of an example hardware component of a computing device for biosignal analysis according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0134] As used herein, the terms “downward” or “inward” generally refer to a direction toward the user’s skin. Similarly, “bottom” indicates that a component is positioned downward relative to another component. Conversely, “upward,” “top,” or “outward” generally refer to a direction opposite to that of a “downward” or “bottom” component.

[0135] Biosignals are signals generated by living organisms that can be measured and monitored. Electroencephalograms (EEGs), galvanometers, and electrocardiographs are examples of devices used to measure and monitor human-generated biosignals. Because the human body has many parts that can be controlled through voluntary movement, there is an opportunity to capture and interpret movements used for interaction with computing devices.

[0136] The human brain generates biological signals such as electrical patterns, which can be measured / monitored using electroencephalography (“EEG”). These electrical patterns, or brain waves, can be measured by devices such as EEG. Typically, EEG measures brain waves in analog form. These brain waves can then be analyzed either in their original analog form or in digital form after analog-to-digital conversion.

[0137] Measuring and analyzing biosignals such as brainwave patterns has a variety of practical applications. For example, brain-computer interfaces (“BCIs”) have been developed that allow users to control devices and computers using brainwave signals. In another instance, analyzing brainwave patterns during sleep can allow users to understand their sleep patterns and / or improve their sleep quality.

[0138] To obtain biosignal data, it may be desirable for sensors to be in close or constant contact with the user or parts of the user's body. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide comfortable wearable devices, especially in the case of sleep monitoring, if the device is worn for extended periods, such as overnight, or during strenuous activity or exercise.

[0139] On one hand, a computer system implemented by one or more computing devices is provided. The computing devices may include one or more client or server computers communicating with each other via near-field, local, wireless, wired, or wide-area computer networks (such as the Internet), and at least one of the computers is configured to receive signals from sensors worn by a user.

[0140] In one embodiment, the sensor includes one or more biosignal sensors, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors, electromyography (EMG) sensors, electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) sensors, galvanometer sensors, electrocardiograph sensors, heart rate sensors such as optical plethysmography (PPG), eye-tracking sensors, blood pressure sensors, respiration sensors, pedometers, gyroscopes, and any other type of sensor. The sensor can be of various types, including: electrobiosignal sensors that make electrical contact with the user's skin; capacitive biosignal sensors that make capacitive contact with the user's skin; blood flow sensors that measure the characteristics of the user's blood flow; and subcutaneous wireless communication sensors placed under the user's skin. Other sensor types are also possible, including but not limited to temperature sensors, motion sensors such as accelerometers or gyroscopes, sound sensors such as listening devices for recording ambient noise and / or other noise, and vibration sensors.

[0141] Sensors can be connected to wearable devices, which can be wearable computing devices or wearable sensing devices, such as wearable headphones or headband computers worn by the user. Sensors can be connected to the headphones wired or wirelessly. The headphones can also communicate with another computing device, such as a laptop computer, tablet computer, or mobile phone, so that data sensed by the headphones via the sensors can be transmitted to that other computing device for processing, or processed at one or more computer servers, or used as input to another computing device. One or more computer servers can include local, remote, cloud-based, or Software as a Service (SaaS) platform servers.

[0142] Implementations of this system can provide the acquisition and analysis of specific biosignal and non-biosignal data, and the correlation of this data with specific mental states of both individual users and user groups. The acquired data, the analyzed data, or the functionality of the system and methods can be shared with others, such as third-party applications and other users. Connections between any of the computing device, internal sensors (included within the wearable device), external sensors (included outside the wearable device), user effectors, and any server can be encrypted. The acquired and analyzed data can be used to build user-specific profiles. User profile data can be analyzed individually or comprehensively, for example, through machine learning processes, for use as a BCI, or to improve the algorithms used in the analysis. Optionally, data associated with the system, the results of the analysis, and the functionality can be shared with third-party applications and other organizations via API. One or more user effectors can also be provided at the wearable device or other local computing device to provide feedback to the user, such as vibration or providing audio or visual cues to help the user achieve specific mental states, such as a meditative state.

[0143] Wearable devices may include cameras, displays, and biosignal measurement devices to sample the user's environment and the user's biosignals, thereby determining the user's state and context through sensors and user input. Wearable devices may include at least one user-facing camera to track eye movements and / or facial expressions. On one hand, the wearable device may be in the form of glasses similar to those worn on the user's face. Optionally, at least one camera may be oriented to be generally aligned with the user's field of vision. Embodiments may also include a listening device, which may be integrated with or separate from the wearable device.

[0144] On the other hand, the wearable device may take the form of at least one sensor adapted to be placed or attached to a user's head or face. Each sensor may optionally communicate with each other via wired or wireless means. Each sensor may optionally communicate with a controller device via wired or wireless means. The controller device may be mounted on the wearable device to reside on or near the user's head or face. Alternatively, the controller device may be located elsewhere on the user's body, such as in a bag or pocket of the user's clothing. The controller device may also be placed somewhere outside the user's body. For example, the sensors may monitor the user, store data in local storage mounted on the wearable device, and, once the user moves close to the controller device, the sensors or the wearable device's transmitter may transmit the stored data to the controller device for processing. In this embodiment, the wearable device will be primarily usable by the user when it is in the vicinity of the controller device.

[0145] Wearable devices may include a camera, a display, and a biosignal measurement device. At least one biosignal measurement device may employ at least one sensor to measure brain activity. Brain activity may be measured electrically using electroencephalography (“EEG”) technology or using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (“fNIR”) technology, which measures relative changes in hemoglobin concentration by using near-infrared light attenuation. Sensors employing pulse oximetry technology may also be used in wearable devices. Optionally, the wearable device may include at least one sensor that measures eye activity using electrooculography (“EOG”) technology. Other sensors that track other types of eye movements may also be employed.

[0146] In various embodiments, the wearable device may include a variety of other sensors and input devices. For example, the wearable device may include at least one audio transducer, such as a single microphone, microphone array, speaker, and headset. The wearable device may include at least one inertial sensor for measuring the movement of the wearable device. The wearable device may include at least one touch sensor for receiving touch input from a user.

[0147] Wearable devices can be configured to accept user input via touch or body movement using an accelerometer or EEG sensor (e.g., worn near the ear). Wearable devices can be configured to accept user input from swipe touch input along a capacitor. Wearable devices can be configured to accept user input from eye commands (e.g., movement or blinking) using sensors configured to track the user's eye movements. Wearable devices can be configured to accept user input from changes in muscle tension by measuring device tension or changes in EEG signals. Wearable devices can accept input from auditory commands using a microphone or microphone array. Wearable devices can be configured to accept user input from another wirelessly connected device, such as a mobile computing device that accepts touch or voice input, examples including handheld computing devices, desktop or laptop computers, home automation devices, devices such as Google Home or Alexa-enabled speakers, wearable devices such as watch shape factors, rings, etc. Wearable devices can be configured to accept user input from a remote controller that communicates with the device using light, sound, or radio frequency.

[0148] Wearable devices can simultaneously or nearly simultaneously sample both the user's environment and biosignals to generate sampled data. The sampled data can be analyzed by the wearable device in real time, or at a predetermined time in the future when the user is not wearing the device.

[0149] Wearable devices can incorporate user input detection methods that are adaptive and improve over time. If a user attempts to command the wearable device and it responds unexpectedly, the user can attempt to correct the previous input by indicating that the wearable device's response is incorrect and retrying the initial command. Over time, the wearable device can refine its understanding of the specific user input being corrected. Some user inputs may be easier to measure successfully with high accuracy than others. Preferably, high-accuracy inputs are assigned to command the wearable device that the previous input is incorrect. For example, tapping the wearable device at a specific location can indicate that the previous input response is incorrect. Explicit training, such as using speech recognition, can also be used to configure and command the wearable device.

[0150] Optionally, the wearable device itself may only provide a biosignal sensor and a processor for processing measurements from the sensor. The wearable device may transmit these measurements, or data derived from processing these measurements, to one or more auxiliary devices, such as glasses with a camera embedded therein. In any of the embodiments, examples, or applications discussed herein, it should be understood that some actions may be performed by multiple interconnected devices or by only one of the wearable devices disclosed herein. For example, the wearable device may not include a display. In such instances, the wearable device may transmit visual information to the user by using a second device, such as glasses with a camera embedded therein, which includes a display.

[0151] Sensors that can be used with wearable devices can have various shapes and be made of a variety of materials. For example, sensors can be made of conductive materials, including conductive composites such as rubber or conductive metals. Sensors can also be made of metal-plated or coated materials such as stainless steel, silver-silver chloride, and other materials.

[0152] In addition to or instead of processing biosignal measurements on a wearable device, the wearable device may communicate with one or more computing devices to distribute, amplify, or offload the processing of biosignal measurements acquired or received by the wearable device. Specifically, the one or more computing devices may maintain or access one or more databases that maintain biosignal processing data, instructions, algorithms, associations, or any other information that can be used or utilized in processing biosignal measurements acquired by the wearable device. The computing devices may include one or more client or server computers communicating with each other via near-field, local, wireless, wired, or wide-area computer networks (such as the Internet), and at least one of the computers may be configured to receive signals from the wearable device's sensors.

[0153] Wearable devices can also communicate with another computing device, such as a laptop computer, tablet computer, or mobile phone, allowing data sensed by the headset via sensors to be transmitted to that computing device for processing, or to one or more computer servers, or as input to another computing device. One or more computer servers may include local, remote, cloud-based, or Software as a Service (SaaS) servers. Embodiments of this system can provide the acquisition and analysis of specific biosignal and non-biosignal data, and the correlation between specific biosignal and non-biosignal data and specific mental states of both individual users and user groups. The acquired data, the analyzed data, or the functionality of the system and methods can be shared with others, such as third-party applications and other users. Connections between any of the computing device, internal sensors (included within the wearable device), external sensors (included outside the wearable device), user effectors (components for triggering user responses), and any server can be encrypted. The acquired and analyzed data can be used to construct user-specific profiles. User profile data can be analyzed individually or comprehensively using machine learning algorithms for use as a BCI, or to improve the algorithms used in the analysis. Optionally, data associated with the system, analyzed results, and functionality can be shared with third-party applications and other organizations via API. One or more user effectors can also be provided at the wearable device or other local computing device to provide feedback to the user, such as vibration or providing audio or visual cues to help the user achieve a specific mental state, such as meditation. In one example, a light emitter could be located close to the user's eyes and provide feedback to the user through visual stimuli such as light color, frequency, and intensity.

[0154] Cloud-based implementations for processing and analyzing sensor data can offer one or more advantages, including: openness, flexibility, and scalability; centralized management; reliability; scalability; optimization for computing resources; the ability to aggregate information across multiple users; and the ability to connect multiple users and find matching subgroups of interest. While embodiments and implementations may be discussed in specific, non-limiting examples relating to the use of the cloud to implement system platforms, local servers, single remote servers, SaaS platforms, or any other computing devices can be used instead of the cloud.

[0155] In one implementation of the system, a multimodal EEG data acquisition and adaptive signal processing system (MED-CASP system) for single-user or multi-user mobile EEG applications can be provided for BCI applications. The system platform can be implemented as a hardware and software solution comprising an EEG headset including a wearable device as disclosed herein, a client-side application, and cloud service components. The client application can operate on mobile or desktop computing devices. The system can provide: estimation of hemispherical asymmetry, thus facilitating the measurement of emotional valence (e.g., positive versus negative emotions); and a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for global measurements, thus improving access to the high β and γ bands, which may be particularly important for analyzing cognitive tasks such as memory, learning, and perception. The γ band has also been found to be an important neural correlation with meditation expertise.

[0156] In the same or another non-limiting exemplary embodiment, possible MED-CASP system features may include: uploading brainwaves and associated sensor and application state data from a mobile application to the cloud; downloading brainwaves and associated data from the cloud; enabling real-time brain state classification for BCI in games or other applications; transmitting real-time brain state data to other users while playing games to enable multi-user gaming; sharing brainwave data with other users to achieve asynchronous comparison of results; sharing brainwave data with other organizations or third-party applications and systems; and support for cloud-based user profiles that store personal information, settings, and pipeline parameters tuned to optimize the experience for a particular user. Thus, the use of the system platform can be device-independent.

[0157] Whenever analysis or processing of user biosignal data (such as EEG data) is performed, various aspects of the software implementing the analytical functionality can be generated by the wearable device, initiated at the device or cloud, to analyze the user's private biosignal data using specific analytical or processing parameters applied during the analysis or processing. For simplicity, such aspects can be referred to as algorithmic "pipelines." Each aspect of a pipeline can have an associated pipeline identifier ("ID"). Each pipeline can be associated with specific activity types, users, specific user biosignal types, applications, or any other system platform-related data. Each pipeline can maintain specific pipeline parameters that determine whether the user's biosignal data is analyzed in a particular manner, consistent with previous analyses of a specific user's biosignal data, consistent with previous analyses of biosignal data from one or more other users, or consistent with updated data derived from new or updated scientific research related to the biosignal data analysis at a cloud server. Pipelines and / or pipeline parameters can be saved for future use at the client computing device or in the cloud. When a new pipeline is created for a user, the wearable device or cloud can provide a new algorithmic pipeline ID associated with the new pipeline at both the cloud and the device.

[0158] Every person's brainwaves are different, therefore slightly different tuning is required for each user. Each person's brain can also learn over time, requiring the system platform to change algorithm parameters over time to continue analyzing a person's brainwaves. New parameters can be calculated based on collected data and can form part of a user's dynamic profile (which can be called a biosignal interaction profile). This profile can be stored in the cloud, allowing each user to maintain a single profile on multiple computing devices. Other features of the same or another non-limiting exemplary implementation may include: improving algorithms by applying machine learning to data collected on client devices or servers; storing EEG data along with application state to allow machine learning algorithms to optimize methods for converting a user's brainwaves into usable control signals; sharing brainwave data with other applications on mobile devices via a cloud service web interface; sharing brainwave data with other applications running on client devices or other devices in a trusted network to provide the user's brainwave data to control or influence other devices; integrating data from other devices and synchronizing events with brainwave data to facilitate context-aware analysis as well as storage and future analysis; performing time-locked stimuli and analysis to support stimulus-related event-related potential (“ERP”) analysis; and prioritizing data to maximize the amount of useful information that can be obtained from incomplete data downloads (i.e., transmitting data in order of information salience). The core functionality of the MED-CASP system can be packaged as externally available libraries and APIs, allowing another developer to use the platform's features in their application. Libraries can be static libraries and APIs for Unity3D, iOS, Android, OSX, Windows, or any other operating system platform. The system platform can also be configured to use pre-compiled algorithms provided by third parties in the library (including the ability of third-party developers to use the library), or to use the developer's own algorithms with the library. The system platform can also support headphones from various manufacturers; personal data security through encryption; and sharing of unverified data through shared encryption keys (optionally with time-limited and fidelity-limited access).

[0159] refer to Figure 1A and 1B In one aspect of this disclosure, the wearable device 100 includes a front portion (in an example, a forehead contact portion 12), a rear portion (in an example, an occipital bone contact portion 16), and at least one side portion—for example, a right side portion and a left side portion—(in an example, two ear contact portions 14), which extends between the front and rear portions to contact at least a portion of the auricular region of the user 10's head. The wearable device 100 may include one or more biosignal sensors 20, such as electrodes, which may be carried and transmitted within the wearable device 100 to provide internal connectivity, and the biosignal sensors 20 may be connected to one or more electrical modules 32.

[0160] Figure 1B A side view of a user 10 wearing a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment is shown. A forehead contact portion 12, two ear contact portions 14 and an occipital bone contact portion 16 are connected as a flexible band to form a body 111, which is typically shaped to correspond to the head of the user 10.

[0161] It should be understood that the wearable device 100 can be worn on various parts or areas of the user's body, such as, but not limited to, the user's arm or wrist, the user's leg or ankle, and the user's chest or torso, to measure heart and respiratory data, as well as other data including temperature and temperature changes, as described herein.

[0162] The main body 111 is extendable in length or diameter. By adjusting the length or diameter of the wearable device 100, the wearable device can be configured to be worn on many different body parts. Furthermore, the modularity of the various components of the wearable device 100 allows certain components, such as the electronic module 32 in various embodiments, to be used with a variety of other devices or shape factors.

[0163] The flexible and extendable body 111 can be extended to be longer or larger in length or size. In some embodiments, the body may have extendable portions. For example, the body may have stretchable and non-stretchable portions, and the stretchable portions can extend the body. The body may include, for example, fabric and elasticized portions for extension in length or size. The flexible and extendable body can be bent or modified to fit different body shapes and sizes of the user and wrap around different parts of the user.

[0164] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 does not need to be directly attached to the user's body. For example, the wearable device 100 can be mounted on the user's device, such as attached to a helmet for cycling or skiing, while monitoring signals such as EKG.

[0165] Subject 111 can form, for example Figure 1A and 1B The ring-shaped configuration shown can have specific stretched and non-stretched regions. For example, the body 111 can be made of a stretched material or a combination of stretched and non-stretched materials.

[0166] The main body 111 can be shaped such that, when worn, the forehead contact portion 12 contacts the user's forehead, the two ear contact portions 14 contact the tops of the user's ears, and the occipital contact portion 16 contacts the bottom of the user's occipital bone. At least one biosignal sensor 20 can be located on the inner side of the ring of the main body 111 to receive biosignals from the user.

[0167] The body 111 may include materials, textiles, or fabrics, as well as elastic portions. In some embodiments, some or all portions of the body 111 are elastic or on an elastic substrate, while other portions or sections are relatively inelastic or rigid. The body 111 may be formed from a soft, deformable fabric 121 (e.g., woven, knitted, or non-woven fabric). Fabric 121 may be formed from, for example, cotton, synthetic fabric, or any other suitable fabric. In an example, fabric 121 may be formed from 88% rayon, 9% nylon, and 3% spandex. In some embodiments, the fabric 121 of the body 111 may be machine washable.

[0168] The main body 111 may also include one or more reinforcing members 131 at various locations, for example, to provide structural support for the wearable device 100. The reinforcing member 131 may include compressible foam, in this example, covered by fabric 121, such as... Figure 10B and 10C As illustrated by way of example, the compressible foam can conform to the shape of the user 10's head or other body parts. In some embodiments, the compressible foam can be formed from open-cell foam, such as a suitable open-cell foam material. In some embodiments, the compressible foam can be formed from closed-cell foam, such as neoprene. The compressible foam can be compressible such that when the wearable device 100 is attached to the user 10's head, the compressible foam conforms to the user 10's head. In use, the compressible foam can be compressed and conforms to the user 10's head by fastening the body 111 to a certain size and securing the wearable device 100 to the user 10.

[0169] A portion of the body 111 may be formed of foam molded into a specific shape of a user's head or other body part. For example, the circumference of the body 111 may taper gradually to correspond to a head shape. The foam used in the body 111 may be shaped, for example, thermoformed, to mold into a head of a user-specific shape. More generally, the compressible material (such as foam) used in the body 111 may be thermoformed into a typical head shape and is not necessarily unique to an individual user. In some embodiments, the compressible foam or foam may be shaped to conform to a part of the user's body (such as the user's ear) and prevent the sensor from moving, thereby improving the contact between the biosignal sensor 20 and the user's body, which may thereby improve the biosignal signals received by the biosignal sensor.

[0170] In some embodiments, compressible foam or foam can be 3D printed to fit a specific shape.

[0171] In some embodiments, the top of the body 111 does not include foam or other compressible and / or reinforcing material, while the bottom includes foam, which may be reinforced and may conveniently provide slight flexibility to adjust the body 111 around the user's ear more comfortably.

[0172] In some embodiments, the side or ear contact portion 14 of the wearable device 100 may have foam stitched along the bottom to provide structure and stability, but the top portion of the body (e.g., the top third) does not have a foam structure, which gives the top portion a certain degree of elasticity (the material is slightly elastic, but the foam portion is not fully stretched due to the foam) to allow the arm to bend down over the ear to ensure proper contact.

[0173] Other reinforcing materials (such as the lining in the example) can be used to provide rigidity, inelasticity and / or inflexibility in certain areas of the body 111, for example, where components such as the biosignal sensor 20 can be mounted.

[0174] In some embodiments, the shielding element may be incorporated into the fabric of the body 111, for example, to shield the wires between the biosignal sensor 20 and the electronic module 32.

[0175] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be layered to include memory foam, thermal adhesive tape, elastic fabric, conductive wires, flexible printed circuit boards, and other suitable structural components.

[0176] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 integrates flexible electrodes that contact the skin to function as biosignal sensors 20. The electronic module 32 may optionally be configured to be removed from the body 111 during manufacturing or may be permanently attached to the body 111.

[0177] The flexible electrode can be fabricated to be incorporated into the material of the body 111. The flexible electrode can be fabricated by stacking materials in a specific manner (referred to as 'stack'), which allows the sensor portion to detect biosignals from the user and transmit those signals to the processing center of the wearable device, such as the electronic module 32.

[0178] Figure 1CAn example of a stack that can be used to form flexible electrodes (such as a biosignal sensor 20) for a wearable device 100 is illustrated. The stack may include a foam substrate 112, a first adhesive layer 114, a fabric layer 116, a second adhesive layer 118, a polyurethane layer 124, and a conductive polymer layer 126. To block sensing in areas where biosignals are not desired, the conductive polymer layer 126 may optionally be blocked by a dielectric coating 128. The conductive polymer layer 126 is configured to contact rivets 132. The rivets 132 can conduct signals from the conductive polymer layer 126 to an electrical connection 136 via a flexible printed circuit board 134. The electrical connection 136 can transmit signals to an electronic module 32.

[0179] The conductive polymer layer 126 may be a polymer composition comprising silver and / or carbon (such as DuPont's PE874 and PE671). The conductive polymer layer 126 may be applied to both sides of the polyurethane layer 124 and may have different compositions depending on the side. For example, the skin-exposed side of the conductive polymer layer 126 may contain a silver-loaded material configured to contact the user's skin, with a carbon-loaded material beneath the silver-loaded material for adhesion to the polyurethane layer 124. The side opposite the skin-exposed side may contain a carbon layer that can provide shielding or some other electrical function. The top of the conductive polymer layer 126 may have a PEDOT surface coating to enhance conductivity with the user's skin.

[0180] Polyurethane layer 124 may comprise a thin, flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or other suitable polymer or rubber. First adhesive layer 114 and second adhesive layer 118 may comprise a heat-activated adhesive that can be activated during the hot-pressing process. Rivet 132 may extend through all layers of the stack, such as... Figure 1C As shown. In some embodiments, the electrical connection 136 and the electronic module 32 can be permanently attached to the body 111 during manufacturing. The dielectric coating 128 may contain a PE773 encapsulating insulator.

[0181] Figure 1D Examples of alternative stacks that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as biosignal sensor 20, are illustrated. Figure 1D The illustrated embodiments may include with Figure 1C The embodiments shown use the same or similar elements, except that conductive adhesive 138 replaces rivet 132 to conduct signals from conductive polymer layer 126 to flexible printed circuit board 134. Embodiments of any stacked layers that conduct signals via rivet 132 may alternatively use conductive adhesive 138 or other suitable conductive connections (e.g., crimp connections).

[0182] Figure 1E The illustration depicts a modified stack that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as a biosignal sensor 20. For example... Figure 1E The illustrated embodiments may include with Figure 1D The illustrated embodiment uses the same or similar elements, except that it lacks the foam layer 112 and the first adhesive layer 114 that connects the foam layer 112 to the fabric layer 116. Such as Figure 1E The illustrated stack can be used in embodiments where foam is not utilized within the body 111. For example, in cases where electrodes are mounted above the ear, omitting the foam layer 112 can improve comfort by reducing the thickness or stiffness of the stack. Flexible electrodes can be bent, for example, to increase the contact area with the skin, and excluding foam in or around the bending area can allow for greater fit in deformable regions.

[0183] Figure 1F Examples of stacks that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as biosignal sensor 20, are illustrated. Figure 1F The illustrated embodiments may include with Figure 1E The illustrated embodiment uses the same or similar elements, except that it lacks the flexible printed circuit board 134 and the optional dielectric coating 128. In these stacks, the rivet 132 (or optionally, a conductive adhesive or crimp) conducts signals directly from the conductive polymer layer 124 to the electrical connection 136. Embodiments that do not utilize the flexible printed circuit board 134 can be adapted to wearable devices 100 where the rivet 132 does not need to be spatially distant from the electrical connection 136. Omitting the flexible printed circuit board 134 can provide the benefit of reducing the overall size of the assembly or improving comfort and reliability due to the minimization of connection and material variations.

[0184] Figure 1G Examples of stacks that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as biosignal sensor 20, are illustrated. Figure 1G The illustrated embodiments may include with Figure 1F The illustrated embodiment uses the same or similar elements, except that it lacks a second adhesive layer 118 for attaching the polyurethane layer 124 to the fabric layer 116. In these embodiments, the polyurethane layer 124 can be molded onto the fabric layer 116 during the manufacturing process. This eliminates the need for an adhesive layer between the polyurethane 124 and the fabric layer 116. Embodiments like these can eliminate the need for some adhesives during the manufacturing process.

[0185] Figure 1H Examples of stacks that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as biosignal sensor 20, are illustrated. Figure 1H The illustrated embodiments may include with Figure 1GThe illustrated embodiments use the same or similar elements, except that the conductive polymer layer 126 does not extend to the rivet 132 (or optionally, the conductive adhesive or crimp), and the polyurethane layer 124 has been replaced by a conductive rubber layer 142. The conductive rubber layer 142 can be, for example, carbon-based TPU. The conductive rubber layer 142 can optionally be molded onto the fabric layer 116 during the manufacturing process, thereby eliminating the need for an adhesive layer to bond the conductive rubber layer 142 to the fabric layer 116. In these embodiments, the conductive rubber layer 142 conducts signals to the rivet 132 (or optionally, the conductive adhesive or crimp). Embodiments such as these provide alternative means for transmitting signals from a sensor to a processing unit.

[0186] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a stack that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as a biosignal sensor 20. The embodiment shown in Figure 11 may include... Figure 1H The embodiments shown use the same or similar elements, except that rivet 132 has been replaced by conductive adhesive 138. Embodiments of stacked layers that conduct signals via rivet 132 may alternatively use conductive adhesive 138 or other suitable conductive connections (e.g., crimping).

[0187] Figure 1J An example of a stack that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as a biosignal sensor 20, is illustrated. Figure 1J A conductive textile 148 is illustrated, attached to a conductive rubber layer 142. The conductive rubber layer 142 may be attached to a conductive polymer layer 126. The conductive polymer layer 126 may contain a PEDOT coating (e.g., Heraeus's Techticoat). A conductive adhesive 138 connects the conductive textile 148 to an electrical connection 136. The electrical connection 136 connects to an electronic module 32. Biosignals from the user can be conducted from the conductive polymer layer 126 to the conductive rubber layer 142, and then to the conductive textile layer 148. The conductive textile layer 148 can conduct signals to the electrical connection 136 via the conductive adhesive 138. The electronic module 32 can receive signals from the electrical connection 136. In some embodiments, the conductive adhesive 138 may be replaced by a conductive contact. Embodiments such as these provide yet another means of conducting signals from a sensor through a body 111 to the electronic module 32.

[0188] Figure 1K Examples of stacks that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as biosignal sensor 20, are illustrated. Figure 1K The illustrated embodiments may include with Figure 1JThe embodiments shown use the same or similar elements, except that the conductive textile 148 has been adhered to the conductive rubber 142 using a second adhesive layer 118. Embodiments such as these provide yet another means of transmitting signals from the sensor through the body 111 to the electronic module 32.

[0189] Figure 1L Examples of stacks that can be used to form flexible electrodes, such as biosignal sensor 20, are illustrated. Conductive textile 148 has a PEDOT coating 152 applied to fibers woven into the textile. Conductive adhesive 138 connects the PEDOT coating 152 of the conductive textile 148 to an electrical connection 136. The electrical connection 136 transmits any received signals to the electronic module 32. Embodiments such as these provide yet another means of conducting signals from the sensor through the body 111 to the electronic module 32.

[0190] Such as Figures 1C to 1L The stack shown illustrates how electrodes can be fabricated into wearable device 100. Such stacks can provide flexible electrodes, such as biosignal sensors 20, which can be more comfortable for users to wear for extended periods or during times when comfort is important. The stack can be implemented alone in wearable device 100 or together with other sensor implementations.

[0191] Return to Figure 1A In some embodiments, the forehead contact portion 12 and the occipital contact portion 16 of the body 111 are arched and connected by two ear contact portions 14. In some embodiments, the two arched portions are connected at each of the two ear contact portions such that an angle is formed between them, rather than a straight line. In some embodiments, the angle is between about 90° and about 180°, between about 135° and about 180°, and between about 155° and about 170°. In some embodiments, the angle is an oblique angle with its apex located near the ear. The curvature of the ear contact portions 14 allows the computing device to better fit the head, resulting in less deformation of the wearable device 100 during wear and / or better stability during wear. Furthermore, the curvature of the ear can follow the curvature of the ear, increasing the electrical contact area of ​​the biosignal sensor 20 located above the user's ear.

[0192] In some embodiments, the body 111 may be formed as a single integral piece, and thus the wearable device 100 forms a generally ring-shaped structure.

[0193] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include an attachment mechanism, such as a buckle or connector, for securing the wearable device 100 to the user 10.

[0194] The wearable device 100 can be sized and secured to the user 10, for example, using straps, or by means of hook-and-loop fasteners (such as Velcro™), snap-fit ​​mechanisms, buckles (such as center post buckles), magnets, etc. The attachment mechanism can be secured to the wearable device via stretchable or non-stretchable materials. Non-stretchable materials can be used to increase comfort and ease of fit, and to create consistent tension within the wearable device. Figure 1M to 1V Various exemplary embodiments of attachment mechanisms for wearable device 100 are illustrated, not exhaustively. In these figures, the attachment mechanism may be attached to wearable device 100 via a stretchable material that protrudes within the wearable device to reduce tension variations along the length of the wearable device when stretched. This can improve comfort and convenience of use by reducing the need for precise adjustments to the user's size.

[0195] Figure 1M An example embodiment of a fastener 19 for a button attachment mechanism for a wearable device 100 is illustrated. A button, such as a protrusion 191, can be received by any slot among a plurality of holes 193. Each hole 193 may define a generally circular opening. The size of the body 111 may be determined by the slot that engages with the protrusion 191.

[0196] Figure 1N An example embodiment of a fastener 19 using a hook attachment mechanism for a wearable device 100 is illustrated. A hook, such as a protrusion 191, can be received by any slot among a plurality of holes 193. Each hole 193 can define a generally rectangular opening. The size of the body 111 can be determined by the slots that engage with the protrusion 191.

[0197] Figure 10 illustrates an example embodiment of a fastener 19 used for a button attachment mechanism for a wearable device 100. A button, such as a protrusion 191, is received by a hole 193 to attach the ends of a body 111 together. The hole 193 may define a generally elongated elliptical opening.

[0198] Figure 1P An exemplary embodiment of a fastener 19 for a button attachment mechanism for a wearable device 100 is illustrated. A button, such as a protrusion 191, can be received by any of a plurality of slots, such as a hole 193. The hole 193 may define a generally elongated and ribbed elliptical opening. The size of the body 111 may be determined by the slot that engages with the button 191.

[0199] Figure 1QAn example embodiment of a fastener 19 using a hook-and-loop fastener such as Velcro™ is illustrated. The size of the body 111 can be determined by the connection position of the first portion 197A and the second portion 197B. Specifically, the first portion 191 can be a hook assembly or a loop assembly of Velcro™, while the second portion 193 is a corresponding loop assembly or hook assembly.

[0200] Figure 1R An example embodiment of a fastener 19 using a dual-band sliding button attachment mechanism is illustrated. An electronic module 32 can be secured to a ring 195. Both ends of a body 111 include protrusions 191 and multiple slots, such as holes 193. The body 111 is configured to extend through a hook 195. The protrusions 191 can engage with slots in the multiple holes 193 on the same end of the body 111 as the protrusions 191.

[0201] Figure 1S An example embodiment of a fastener 19 using a sliding button attachment mechanism is illustrated. One end of the body 111 includes a button (such as a protrusion 191) and a plurality of slots (such as holes 193). The other end of the body 111 includes a hook 195. The end of the body 111 with the button 191 is configured to extend through the hook 195. The protrusion 191 can engage with one of the plurality of slots (such as holes 193). The size of the body 111 can be determined by the specific slot that engages with the protrusion 191.

[0202] Figure 1T An example embodiment of a fastener 19 using a sliding button attachment mechanism is illustrated. One end of the body 111 includes a button, such as a protrusion 191. The other end of the body 111 includes a plurality of slots, such as holes 193 and hooks 195. The end of the body 111 with the protrusion 191 is configured to extend through the hook 195. The button 191 can be engaged with a slot in one of the plurality of holes 193. The size of the body 111 can be determined by the specific slot engaged with the button 191.

[0203] Figure 1U An example embodiment of the fastener 19 is illustrated. When the fastener 19 is tightened, the adjuster 17 can adjust the length of the body 111.

[0204] Figure 1V An example embodiment of the fastener 19 is illustrated. When the fastener 19 is tightened, the adjuster 17 can adjust the length of the body 111.

[0205] Figure 2A A perspective view of a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment is shown. Figure 2B It is illustrated Figure 2A A top view of the wearable device 100; Figure 2C It is illustrated Figure 2A Front view of wearable device 100; Figure 2D It is illustrated Figure 2A A bottom view of the wearable device 100; Figure 2E It is illustrated Figure 2A Rear view of the wearable device 100; Figure 2F It is illustrated Figure 2A Bottom perspective view of wearable device 100; Figure 2G It is illustrated Figure 2A Top perspective view of wearable device 100; Figure 2H It is illustrated Figure 2A A perspective view of the rear bottom of the wearable device 100; Figure 2I yes Figure 2A A perspective view of the adjuster and buckle of the wearable device 100; Figure 2J The illustration shows what happens when the user wears it (item 10). Figure 2A A perspective view of the wearable device 100.

[0206] like Figures 2A to 2J As shown, in this embodiment, the wearable device 100 includes a body 111 on which an electronic module 32 is disposed. A biosignal sensor 20 is disposed on the rear surface of the body 111 and configured to contact, for example, the forehead of user 10, and is disposed on the bottom portion of the body 111 and configured to contact, for example, at least a portion of the auricular region of the user's head, such as the ear or mastoid region of user 10. The wearable device may also include: an adjuster 17, such as... Figure 2I The D-ring or sliding buckle shown is used to adjust the length of the wearable device 100 to fit the user, such as the user's head or chest; and the buckle 19, such as Figure 2I The snap shown may include a pair of polarized magnets that are magnetically attracted to each other to secure the wearable device 100 and typically form a loop.

[0207] refer to Figure 2AIn some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include a flexible and extendable body 111 configured to surround a portion of the user 10's body. The electronic module 32 may have a surface 33A defining a concave space 35 between a first end 33A and a second end 33B opposite to the first end 33A. The first end 33A may be attached to the body 111, for example at a first connection point 34A, using a first retaining mount 3202 to allow the body 111 to rotate relative to the electronic module 32 about a first axis (such as first axis AA) and to transmit forces (such as tension or tensile force) radially from the body 111 to the electronic module 32 from the first axis. The second end 33B may be attached to the body 111, for example at a second connection point 34B, using a second retaining mount 3204 to allow the body 111 to rotate relative to the electronic module 32 about a second axis (such as second axis BB) and to transmit forces (such as tension or tensile force) radially from the body 111 to the electronic module 32 from the second axis.

[0208] One or more biosignal sensors 20 may be positioned on the body 111 between the first connection point 34A and the second connection point 34B to contact at least a portion of the user 10's body and receive biosignals from the user 10. When the body 111 extends for wear by the user 10 with the electronic module 32 attached, forces (such as tension, holding force, or other suitable forces) are applied from the body 111 to the electronic module 32 and act on the electronic module 32 via the first retaining mount 3204 and / or the second retaining mount 3202 to pull the electronic module 32 toward the user 10's body, the portion of the body 111 between the first connection point 34A and the second connection point 34B rotates toward the concave space, and the electronic module 32 pushes the biosignal sensors 20 on the body 111 toward the user 10's body.

[0209] In some embodiments, forces (such as holding forces) generated by the electronic module 32 and the body act on the body 111 to push the biosignal sensor 20 on the body 111 toward the body of the user 10.

[0210] In some embodiments, pulling the electronic module 32 toward the body of the user 10 generates tension in the body 111 between the first connection point 34A and the second connection point 34B.

[0211] In some embodiments, the holding force can be adjusted according to various user body curvatures of the biosignal sensor 20. The first holding mount 3202 and the second holding mount 3204 can hold the electronic module 32 on the body 111 while maintaining the holding force in a manner comfortable for users with different body curvatures in the forehead region of the wearable device 100.

[0212] In some embodiments, the stiffness provided by the reinforcing material in the body 111 can generate a force that pushes the body 111 and the electronic module 32 apart, such that the body 111 is pushed against the body of the user 10, and subsequently the biosignal sensor 20 is pushed against the body of the user 10.

[0213] In some embodiments, a compressible material (such as foam) is disposed between the body 111 and the electronic module 32, for example in some or all of the recessed spaces 35. Such foam can exert a spring force (displacement of the compressible material during compression) between the body 111 and the electronic module 32 upon compression.

[0214] Various characteristics of the main body 111 can be modified to push the biosignal sensor 20 against the body of the user 10.

[0215] refer to Figure 2J In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 20 is configured to contact at least a portion of the forehead of the user 10. In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 20 is an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor.

[0216] In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 20 is an electrode such as those disclosed herein, for measuring and generating potentials, for example, for transcranial stimulation and electrodermal responses.

[0217] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may also include an electrical connection 3212 between the electronic module 32 and the main body 111.

[0218] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may also include an electrical connection between the electronic module 32 and the biosignal sensor 20.

[0219] In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 is bent to roughly correspond to the head of the user 10.

[0220] In some embodiments, the flexible body 111 may include a compressible section adjacent to the biosignal sensor 20 so as to compress at least one biosignal sensor 20 to fit the body of the user 10.

[0221] In some embodiments, the compressible segment is shaped to fit at least a portion of the user's body.

[0222] In some embodiments, the compressible section comprises foam with variable density.

[0223] In some embodiments, the flexible body 111 includes a reinforcing portion adjacent to the biosignal sensor 20, such as a liner.

[0224] In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 may be permanently attached to the body 111. In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 may be detachable from the body 111 or otherwise removed. In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 may be removed to allow cleaning of the body 111. In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 may be interchangeable between bodies 111 while still providing similar functionality. For example, a user may remove their electronic module 32 from one variant of the body 111 and attach their electronic module 32 to another variant of the body 111. A user may remove the electronic module 32 to allow sensing technology within the module to operate on another part of the body, such as measuring blood flow at the fingertips or tracking movement of the hand, hip, chest, or other body parts.

[0225] Figure 2K An embodiment of the bowstring design between the electronic module 32 and the body 111 is illustrated. The electronic module 32 can be mounted on retaining mounts 3202 and 3204. Retaining mounts 3202 and 3204 can be fixed to the body 111 at connection points 34A and 34B, respectively. Connection point 34A is configured to deform between the body 111 and the retaining mount 3202 to accommodate the body shape of the user 10. Connection point 34B is configured to deform between the body 111 and the retaining mount 3204 to accommodate the body shape of the user 10. The flexibility of connection points 34A and 34B allows the body 111 to rotate relative to the electronic module 32, which allows for a more comfortable fit. The flexibility of connection points 34A and 34B can also allow the electronic module 32 to slide along the length of the body, thereby increasing or decreasing the length of the body 111 between points 34A and 34B.

[0226] Figure 2L An embodiment of a bowstring design between the electronic module 32 and the body 111 is illustrated. In this embodiment, the electronic module 32 can be directly coupled to the body 111 at connection point 34B, thereby eliminating the need for retaining mount 3204. Such an asymmetrical design can be used to accommodate certain body parts of the user 10 or for certain designs of the electronic module 32. In this embodiment, connection point 34B is configured to deform between the electronic module 32 and the body 111 to accommodate the body of the user 10. In similar designs, retaining mount 3202 can be removed instead of retaining mount 3204. Such designs can have greater fit or increased ease of use. Body parts with high curvature (such as an infant's wrist or ankle or head) can benefit from this increased fit. The electronic module 32 is electrically connected to the body 111 via connection point 34A and retaining mounting 3202, and it can be coupled at connection point 34B using means that provide greater flexibility, such as magnetism, hooks and loops such as Velcro™, or fabric or elastomer retaining aspect as part of the body 111.

[0227] Figure 2M An embodiment of a bowstring design between the electronic module 32 and the body 111 is illustrated. In this embodiment, the electronic module 32 can be directly coupled to the body 111 at connection points 34A and 34B, thereby eliminating the need for retaining mounting elements 3202 and 3204. Such a design can be used to reduce the number of components comprising the wearable device 100.

[0228] Figure 2N An embodiment of the bowstring design between the electronic module 32 and the main body 111 is illustrated. Figure 2N It depicts something different Figure 2M An alternative design for the electronic module 32. The electronic module 32 can have a more linear design that includes steep corners. The wearable device 100 can still accommodate the bent part of the user 10's body in the concave space 35.

[0229] exist Figures 2K to 2N In this design, connection points 34A and 34B are positioned separately on the body 111 at a distance FF, such that when the electronic module 32 is received by the body 111 (directly at connection points 34A or 34B, or via retaining mounts 3202 or 3204), tension (FF) is generated at connection points 34A and 34B in the portion of the body 111 between connection points 34A and 34B. If a minimum body curvature exists (the body 111 does not deform) and the concave space 35 is maintained, this tension can position the body 111 adjacent to the user's body when worn. This allows the sensors on the body 111 between connection points 34A and 34B to maintain sufficient contact with the user to receive signals. This tension will deform under pressure, pushing into the concave space 35 to a maximum distance D, and can adapt to curvature along line CC. This makes the device more comfortable to wear on body parts with high curvature, while still allowing the sensors on the body 111 between connection points 34A and 34B to maintain sufficient contact with the user to receive signals.

[0230] Contact with the biosignal sensor can be affected by barriers such as hair. Especially if the hair is dense enough to form a pad, it creates a physical barrier that lifts the biosignal sensor away from the user's skin. Therefore, the biosignal sensor 20 can be positioned on the device such that, when worn, the sensor is located in an area of ​​the head with sparse hair. Thus, in some embodiments, the at least one biosignal sensor 20 is located on one or both of the forehead contact portion 12, the two ear contact portions 14, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one biosignal sensor 20 includes a biosignal sensor located at each of the ear contact portions. The biosignal sensor 20 can be positioned in a fixed location on the body 111. In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 20 can be integrated into a hole or track defined by the body 111, which allows the biosignal sensor 20 to move laterally along the body 111.

[0231] Specifically, such as Figure 2J As shown, the biosignal sensor 20 can be configured to contact at least a portion of the auricular region of the user's head, such as the ear or mastoid region of user 10. When user 10 wears wearable device 100, the foam within wearable device 100 allows the body 111, and thus the biosignal sensor 20, to bend downwards above the user's ear.

[0232] Therefore, the biosignal sensors 20 can contact the top of the user 10's ear and similarly be positioned on the opposite side. Conveniently, these sensors can have sufficient curvature to be generally comfortable for a sleeping position, while maintaining contact with the ear. The length of such biosignal sensors 20 can be adapted to various ear sizes and shapes, as well as the movement of the wearable device 100 relative to the user's ear during exercise or use.

[0233] The biosignal sensor 20 can be various types of electrophysiological sensors, including: an electrobiosignal sensor that makes electrical contact with the user's skin; a capacitive biosignal sensor that makes capacitive contact with the user's skin; and a blood flow sensor that measures the user's blood flow characteristics.

[0234] The position of the biosignal sensor 20 on the body 111 can be reinforced, for example, by a reinforcing member 131, to reduce the flexibility or elasticity of the position on the body 111 where the biosignal sensor 20 is located and to increase its rigidity. In some embodiments, the position of the body 111 can be reinforced by using a lining to reduce the stretching of the fabric 121 of the body 111.

[0235] In this example, the forehead contact portion 12 can be reinforced to structurally support the biosignal sensor 20, while the ear contact portion 14 of the body 111 can remain flexible.

[0236] In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 20 may be formed of a material comprising silver-coated vinyl resin, a flexible printed circuit board (“FPCB” or “PCB”) with or without conductive ink or a precious metal plating (such as silver or gold plating), conductive rubber (such as heat-applied conductive rubber), conductive fabric (e.g., silver ink on fabric or woven conductive fibers), conductive fabric layers, PEDOT-impregnated foam, and conductive carbon (e.g., forming a conductive carbon layer). Other suitable conductive materials may also be used. In some embodiments, a conductive layer in a stack separate from the dielectric may provide shielding against signals from the biosignal sensor 20. For example, a TPU layer between a conductive polymer ink layer and a conductive fabric layer.

[0237] The biosignal sensor 20 can be integrated into the body 111 in a configuration that allows the body 111 to be flexible and breathable. For example, a vinyl or plastic substrate with silver ink on it can be cut into a pattern such as repeating shapes (e.g., repeating squares or hexagons) and applied to the body 111. Figures 13E to 13F Various configurations of biosignal sensors on the body of a wearable device, such as those using silver contacts and ear electrodes, are illustrated according to various embodiments, as described in further detail below.

[0238] In the area where the biosignal sensor 20 is installed, the body 111 can also be reinforced and manufactured to have less flexibility and greater rigidity, so that during use, the biosignal sensor 20 can move less around, for example, adjacent parts of the user's body (such as the user's forehead or ears).

[0239] Now for reference Figure 8 and 9 In some embodiments, the body 111 or a portion thereof includes a substrate 40. Figure 8 This is a top schematic diagram of a biosignal sensor integrated into a fabric substrate according to an embodiment. Figure 9 It is integrated along line II into Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view of a biosignal sensor in a fabric substrate.

[0240] In some embodiments, the substrate 40 is a woven or non-woven fabric substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate 40 is an elastic material, such as an elastic fabric. An elastic material can exhibit elastic deformation after being stretched to at least about 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, or 150% of its unstretched length. In the unstretched state, the loop may be slightly smaller than the circumference of the user's head. Once worn, the loop stretches around the user's head to the stretched state. In some embodiments, the loop stretches from about 1% to about 50%, from about 5% to about 25%, or from about 5% to about 10% between the unstretched and stretched states. The tension applied to the user's head and the elastic force resulting from the stretching of the loop tend to hold the device in place on the user's head.

[0241] Users may have individual preferences for tension levels to keep the device in the proper position on their head. Therefore, in some embodiments, the ring includes a tension adjuster. In some embodiments, the tension adjuster includes a buckle, such as a sliding buckle near the back, a knob, or a hook-and-loop fastener (such as Velcro™), as described herein.

[0242] In some embodiments, a biosignal sensor 20 is formed by applying a conductive layer 44 to a substrate 40. The conductive layer is applied to an inward surface 46 of the substrate 40, which is adapted to rest on a user's head when the wearable device 10 is worn. In some embodiments, the conductive layer 44 is applied as a conductive ink. In some embodiments, the conductive ink comprises silver, carbon, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the conductive layer is applied by pad printing, screen printing, spraying, or painting. In some embodiments, the conductive layer is not applied directly to a material, but may be applied to a vinyl layer, which may then be applied to a fabric using heat and pressure, such as ironing. The conductive layer 44 is capable of receiving electrobiosignals from the user at the point of contact when in contact with the user's skin.

[0243] In some embodiments, the substrate defines a plurality of holes 42 such that when conductive ink is applied to the inward surface 46 of the substrate 40, the ink flows through and coats the holes 42, eventually flowing to the outward surface 48 of the substrate 40. The ink coated on the holes 42 serves as a through-hole in the substrate, providing a path at the inward surface for signals acquired at the interface between the user and the conductive layer 44 to be transmitted and acquired at the outward surface 48.

[0244] At the outward surface 48, the signal acquisition unit 50 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 44, thereby providing an electrical connection between the conductive layer 44 of the biosignal sensor and the electronic module 32. When worn, the absence of the element at the inward surface 46 reduces the presence of potentially uncomfortable stress points pressed against the user's skin. In some embodiments, the signal acquisition unit 50 is attached to the conductive layer 44 via a bonding layer 49, such as an adhesive layer or a second conductive ink layer. In some embodiments, the signal acquisition unit 50 is attached to the substrate 40, such as by stitching or welding (e.g., by RF welding).

[0245] In some embodiments, the signal acquisition unit 50 includes a flexible printed circuit board (“FPCB”) or a membrane 50. In some embodiments, the FPCB includes a polyimide or similar membrane plated in copper and selectively removed (e.g., by etching) to create circuitry. The copper is optionally overlaid in another layer of polyimide or similar membrane or a liquid solder mask. In some embodiments, the FPCB includes multiple copper layers. In some embodiments, the FPCB includes a thicker layer of polyimide, glass fiber, or metal to provide stiffness to certain portions. In some embodiments, the membrane is a stretchable membrane, such as a thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic polyurethane, or other plastic membrane. In some embodiments, the membrane may exhibit elastic deformation compared to its unstretched state after being stretched by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of its elongation.

[0246] In some embodiments, a cover layer is disposed on the substrate 40 and the signal acquisition unit 50. The cover layer can reduce protrusions that may get stuck on other surfaces, such as pillows or helmets. In some embodiments, the cover layer is a fabric material, a rubber material, or any combination thereof.

[0247] like Figures 10A to 10C As shown, the biosignal sensor 20 can be formed from a flexible printed circuit board (“FPCB”) 1020. The FPCB 1020 may have contacts 1030 formed from a suitable conductive material such as silver ink. The FPCB 1020 can be configured on the body 111 of the wearable device 100 such that, in use, the contacts 1030 contact at least a portion of the user 10's forehead. Such an FPCB can be sealed, provided the connections are properly sealed. The PCB and FPCB, along with associated components, as described herein, can be waterproofed by applying a coating, which allows the wearable device 100 and its various components to be cleaned.

[0248] In some embodiments, the body 111 may be formed of an outer layer 1022 and an inner layer 1024. Each of the outer layer 1022 and the inner layer 1024 may be formed of a material such as fabric 121 and reinforcing member 131, as described herein.

[0249] Figure 10A This is a rear view of the outer layer 1022 and inner layer 1024 of the main body 111. Figure 10B This is a perspective view of the outer layer 1022 of the main body 111. Figure 10C This is a perspective view of the inner layer 1024 of the main body 111. (Example) Figure 10C As shown, FPCB 1020 can be folded over the inner layer 1024.

[0250] Therefore, when the outer layer 1022 is fixed to the inner layer 1024, the circuitry of the FPCB 1020 can be sandwiched between the outer layer 1022 and the inner layer 1024, while the contact 1030 remains exposed on the inner layer 1024 to contact the forehead of the user 10.

[0251] For example, using two layers (i.e., outer layer 1022 and inner layer 1024) in the configuration described herein can protect the edges of FPCB 1020 and the circuitry of FPCB 1020 (e.g., packaged between outer layer 1022 and inner layer 1024), and can provide reduced visible seams.

[0252] Figure 10D This is a side view of a flexible printed circuit board configuration according to an embodiment, which can be used as a biosignal sensor 20 in a wearable device 100. The flexible printed circuit board (“FPCB”) 1120 may be formed of copper and polyimide (“PI”) disposed in a PI-copper-PI layer.

[0253] The PI cover layer 1122 can be secured to the FPCB 1120 via the adhesive layer 1124. In use, the PI cover layer 1122 can be placed in the wearable device 100 to contact, for example, the forehead of the user 10. Therefore, the FPCB 1120 is folded upward in the direction indicated by arrow A.

[0254] Figure 10D The configuration shown allows for the reduction of sharp edges and exposure of surfaces in the FPCB 1120 that may begin to tear.

[0255] Figure 11A An embodiment of fabric layer 121 is illustrated, on which contacts 1220 of the biosignal sensor 20 are formed, for example, by one or more silver electrodes formed of silver varnish (soft silver or silver chloride) on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Contacts 1220 can be connected (e.g., riveted) to the FPCB via leads 1240 (in this example, the leads are folded behind fabric 121) and can be folded underneath or over the fabric layer and / or foam layer forming the wearable device 100.

[0256] Figure 11EThe illustration shows a biosignal sensor contact 1220 and lead 1240 connected to a flexible printed circuit board 1120 in a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment.

[0257] In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 20 may be formed from silver paste on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to form contacts, such as contact 1220. In some embodiments, silver ink, such as DuPont™ textile ink, silver fabric, or silver leads, may be used to form contact 1220. The silver contacts may be exposed in areas of contact with the user's body, for example, for sensing EEG.

[0258] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11A The contact 1220 shown is widened at the bottom of the wearable device 100. When worn on a user's forehead, the lower portion of the forehead is less likely to be suppressed by hair, and therefore the contact 1220 has a larger surface area to increase the contact surface area with the user's forehead, which can improve the signal quality and reliability of the EEG signal received by the biosignal sensor 20. The contact 1220 can be located below the top of the wearable device 100 and can extend to the bottom of the wearable device 100. Hair can be trapped between the user and the wearable device 100, so the contact 1220 can be located below the top of the wearable device 100 where hair may interfere with the contact 1220. Hair is less likely to suppress the signal towards the bottom of the wearable device 1220, so the contact 1220 can be configured to extend to the bottom of the wearable device 100 and receive biosignals without being suppressed by hair.

[0259] Figure 11B It is illustrated Figure 11A An enlarged view of the center contact. The center contact 1220A (a subset of contact 1220) has a symmetrical design, positioned below the top of the wearable device 100 and widening to the bottom. The peripheral contact 1220B (a subset of contact 1220) is positioned adjacent to either side of the center contact 1220A. The peripheral contact 1220B has a design positioned below the top of the wearable device 100 and widening to the bottom. The peripheral contact 1220B also tapers gradually from the center contact 1220A at the bottom of its design. The far contact 1220C (a subset of contact 1220) has a similar profile to the peripheral contact 1220B, but is located on either side of the center contact 1220A and is spaced a certain distance from the peripheral contact 1220B.

[0260] Figure 11C It is illustrated for Figure 11BAn example alternative to the contact design of the center contact is shown. The center contact 1220A (a subset of contact 1220) has a symmetrical design located below the top and above the bottom of the wearable device 100, and has an elliptical shape. Peripheral contacts 1220B (a subset of contact 1220) are positioned adjacent to either side of the center contact 1220A. The shape of the peripheral contacts 1220B matches that of the center contact 1220A, except that they are shorter than the center contact 1220A, located further below the top of the wearable device 100 compared to the center contact 1220A, and their shape is laterally cut on the side of the peripheral contacts 1220B adjacent to the center contact 1220A. The distal contacts 1220C (a subset of contacts 1220) have a similar profile to the intermediate contacts 1220A, but are shorter than the intermediate contacts 1220A and are located further below the top of the wearable device 100 compared to the intermediate contacts 1220A. The distal contacts 1220C are located on either side of the intermediate contacts 1220A and are spaced apart from the peripheral contacts 1220B.

[0261] Figure 11D It is illustrated for Figure 11B An example alternative to the contact design of the center contact is shown. The center contact 1220A (a subset of contact 1220) has a generally circular shape and is positioned approximately at the center of the wearable device 100. The peripheral contact 1220B (a subset of contact 1220) is positioned adjacent to either side of the center contact 1220A. The peripheral contact 1220B has a narrower width that widens slightly towards the bottom at the top, and its shape gradually tapers around the center contact 1220A. The distal contact 1220C (a subset of contact 1220) has a similar profile to the peripheral contact 1220B. The distal contact 1220C is located on either side of the center contact 1220A and is spaced a distance from the peripheral contact 1220B.

[0262] like Figure 11E As shown, the contact 1220 may be covered in carbon that is not desired to be exposed, such as when disposed within the body 111 or between layers of the wearable device 100, for example forming a lead 1240. In some embodiments, the lead 1240 is reinforced with carbon, which can provide additional or redundant conductive properties. Carbon can allow for a certain degree of conductivity and connectivity, which can help in cases where the connectivity of the silver substrate becomes compromised or slightly damaged.

[0263] Signals can be carried via such leads to rivets that connect the signals to a flexible PCB within the wearable device 100, such as a flexible printed circuit board (“FPCB”) 1120 formed of copper and polyimide (“PI”) arranged in a Pl-copper-PI layer. The FPCB can then carry the signals to a connection in fabric 121 and connect it to the electronic module 32.

[0264] In some embodiments, the FPCB can be riveted to the fabric layer and the soft silver / silver chloride TPU contacts. Conveniently, riveting enables mass production of the wearable device 100, for example, at the factory level.

[0265] In some embodiments, layers such as the FPCB and the contacts can be stitched together.

[0266] The additional configuration of contacts 1220 and leads 1240 of the biosignal sensor 20 is in Figures 11B to 11D The position of contact 1220 can be selected so that the contacts do not interfere with each other closely, such as their signals, and discrete and useful biosignal data can be received.

[0267] Other suitable sensor configurations can also be considered.

[0268] like Figure 12A and 12B As shown, multiple biosignal sensors 20 (such as electrodes) can be placed in the body 111 of the wearable device 100.

[0269] Figure 12A and 12B An embodiment of wearable device 100 is illustrated, in which a redundant array of electrodes for biosignal sensor 20 is connected to a single electronic module 32 via trace 1222. In this example, trace 1222 may be a conductive wire. The electronic module 32 may use a signal quality indicator to assess which(s) of the biosignal sensors 20(s) are being used. For example, based on where the received biosignals are either completely unused or the strongest.

[0270] A biosignal sensor 20 located on and connected to the ear contact portion 14 of the wearable device 100 may be referred to as an "ear electrode," as described herein. It should be understood that such electrodes can also be used to detect signals above, below, or on the surface of the user's ear. Such "ear electrodes" can be deformable earpieces, taking the form of an open bowstring ear electrode 1002, a closed bowstring ear electrode 1004, a shaped ear electrode 1102, and a movable ear electrode 1202, as referenced below. Figures 13A to 13C As described in 14 and 15A to 15B. Such ear electrodes can be configured to contact at least a portion of the auricular region of a user's head, such as the ear or mastoid region of user 10. The ear electrode may include a pressable area having a thin rubber pad, air cushion, or gel pad that can be pressed against the ear.

[0271] Figure 13A A schematic side view of an embodiment of a wearable device 100 is shown, which has an ear electrode 1002 with an open 'bowstring' design and an ear electrode 1004 with a closed 'bowstring' design. Figure 13BThis is its unfolded diagram. Figure 13C A schematic side view of an embodiment of a wearable device 100 having an ear electrode 1004 with a closed 'bowstring' design is shown.

[0272] The ear electrode 1002 may include a flexible conductive material strip 1012, which is connected at each end to the body 111 of the wearable device 100. The body 111 of the wearable device 100 may have a region cut out above the ear electrode 1002, which allows the conductive material 1012 to move freely. When the wearable device 100 is placed on the head of the user 10, downward pressure can be distributed along the length of the conductive material 1012, which can increase the contact area and improve signal quality, and can provide a comfortable fit for the user 10.

[0273] The shape of the conductive material 1012 that contacts the user's ear can be varied. For example, as... Figure 13A As shown, the body 111 may define an opening, shown as the internal region 1301 of the body 111, and may be open and semi-circular in shape, thereby allowing the conductive material 1012 to collapse toward the body 111 when worn. The conductive material 1012 may be bent to conform to the shape of the user 10's ear. Comfortable conductive rubber ear contacts may be provided to provide fit, comfort, and contact for conductivity from the conductive material 1012 while holding the wearable device 100 on the head. The conductive rubber 1012 may rest on the top of the user's ear (e.g., in the area between the top ear tip and the head). The user 10's ear does not typically extend through the internal region 1301, but the body 111 will be positioned between the ear and the head, with the ear located outside the internal region 1301 during normal wear.

[0274] The conductive material 1012 may be, for example, conductive rubber. In some examples, the conductive material 1012 may be formed from silicone rubber infused with and / or coated with carbon. In some embodiments, the conductive material 1014 may be formed from a thermoplastic elastomer infused with carbon and coated with a PEDOT conductive polymer layer. Other suitable conductive materials may also be used.

[0275] Similarly, such as Figure 13C As shown, the ear electrode 1004 may include a flexible conductive material 1014 (e.g., formed of conductive rubber) and may be shaped to have a bottom portion 1024 and a top portion 1034 to define an opening with a generally semi-circular periphery, allowing the bottom portion 1024 to collapse toward the top portion 1034 and the body 111. The conductive material 1014 may be bent in the bottom portion 1024 to conform to the ear of the user 10. Comfortable conductive rubber ear contacts may be provided to provide fit, comfort, and contact for conductivity from the conductive material 1014 in keeping a headband or wearable device on the head.

[0276] In use, for example, when the wearable device 100 shifts during sleep, the upper portion 1034 may contact the top of the user 10's ear. Conductive rubber 1014 may rest on the top of the user's ear (e.g., in the area between the top ear tip and the head). The user 10's ear typically does not extend through the inner region 1301, but the body 111 will be positioned between the ear and the head, with the ear outside the inner region 1301 during normal wear, and the bottom portion 1024 and the top portion 1034 contacting the top ear tip and the area around the user 10's head.

[0277] The conductive material 1014 may be formed of the same or similar material as the conductive material 1012.

[0278] Figure 13D Various configurations of a wearable device 100 having an ear electrode 1002 according to various embodiments are illustrated.

[0279] Figure 14 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device 100 is shown, the wearable device having ear electrodes 1102 shaped to contact the upper and rear surfaces of the ear of a user 10.

[0280] The shaped ear electrode 1102 may include a flexible conductive material strip 1112 (e.g., rubber) connected to the body 111 of the wearable device 100. The electrode material 1112 may be shaped to conform to the upper and back surfaces of the ear, which increases the skin contact area and facilitates fit.

[0281] The conductive material 1112 may be formed from the same or similar material as the conductive material 1012.

[0282] The stretchable or elastic portion 1104 of the main body 111 of the wearable device 100 can accommodate a variety of head sizes while maintaining proper positioning of the electrodes above and behind the ears.

[0283] Figure 15A A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device 100 with an ear electrode 1202 is shown, which is movable to provide skin contact with various head shapes, and Figure 15B This is its unfolded diagram.

[0284] Figure 15A and 15B A movable ear electrode 1202 is illustrated, wherein a conductive tube 1212 contacts an exposed wire or cord 1214. The conductive tube 1212 contacts the wire 1214 regardless of its placement along an open area. The wire 1214 then transmits the sensed biosignals to an electronic module 32.

[0285] The conductive tube 1212 may be hollow and generally cylindrical, or other suitable shapes to allow movement in the direction indicated by arrow B.

[0286] The conductive tube 1212 may be formed of the same or similar material as the conductive material 1012.

[0287] Due to signal quality requirements, it may be desirable to place the electrodes in areas with sparse hair, such as above or behind the ears. Because the inter-auricular arc length (the distance between the ears across the forehead) varies considerably between individuals, portions of the wearable device 100 may need to be stretched or extended (e.g., as...). Figure 14 As shown, where 1104 illustrates a stretchable portion in other non-stretchable devices, or alternatively, a movable electrode (such as a movable ear electrode 1202) can provide placement of an electrode that contacts the ear of the user 10.

[0288] In some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 20 may be integrated into the body 111 at the ear contact portion 14, for example, using a generally rectangular or generally circular contact or conductive sensor formed of silver ink or other material bonded to the body 111, to cover the ear of the user 10.

[0289] It should be understood that, in various embodiments, the shape and configuration of ear electrodes 1002, 1004, the shaped ear electrode 1102, and the movable ear electrode 1202 can be coordinated with the shape and configuration of the body 111 to complement each other. For example, the body 111 can be configured to stretch within the forehead contact portion 12 and adjacent to the ear contact portion 14 for use with the shaped ear electrode 1102, allowing for greater flexibility within the body 111 while the ear electrodes remain more fitted or less deformable. This allows for a better fit to the user's head. Similarly, longer ear electrodes (such as ear electrode 1004) can be used with a less flexible body 111, as longer ear electrodes can accommodate different ear sizes.

[0290] Some embodiments allow for the reversible attachment of a headset (e.g., a headset cable) to the wearable device 100. This reversible attachment can be used to loosely secure the external headset to an area close to the user's ear. The connection can be achieved in various ways, such as using Velcro or a snap fastener. This can prevent the external headset from migrating during sleep.

[0291] refer to Figures 16 to 19A In some embodiments, such as 19B, the wearable device 100 includes an inner earpiece 144 with conductive sensors.

[0292] Figure 13A , 13BFigures 13C, 13D, 14, 15A, and 15B illustrate that in some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may further include additional biosignal sensors 20, 1002, 1004, 1102, or 1202 to contact at least a portion of the auricular region of the user 10's head. In some embodiments, the additional biosignal sensors 20, 1002, 1004, 1102, or 1202 are electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors.

[0293] like Figure 16 As shown, the earpiece 144 can be shaped to conform to the auricle of the user 10's ear. The earpiece 144 can be a conductive sensor and connected to the signal transmission line 146. In some embodiments, the earpiece 144 may have a conductive material similar to or the same as the conductive material 1012 described herein. The earpiece 144 can thus form an inner ear sensor to contact the user 10's ear canal, such as the external auditory canal.

[0294] The signal transmission line 146 may be a wire or other similar conductive material and is connected to the electronic module 32.

[0295] like Figure 17 and 18 As shown, the wearable device 100 may further include a sound delivery module 170, which includes a sound generator 172 connected to the earpiece 174 via a hollow tube 176. The sound generator 172 receives audio signals from an audio transmission line 178.

[0296] like Figure 17 As shown, the earpiece 174 can be shaped to conform to the auricle of the user 10's ear. In some embodiments, the earpiece 174 can be molded, for example, heat-molded, into the shape of a specific ear of the user 10. The earpiece 174 can be a conductive sensor and connected to the signal transmission line 175. In some embodiments, the earpiece 174 may have a conductive material similar to or the same as the conductive material 1012 described herein. In some embodiments, the earpiece 174 may be insulated, and the signal transmission line may be arranged to pass through the earpiece 174 to provide a conductive surface for contact with the user 10's ear.

[0297] The sound generator 172 can be located at a certain distance from the inner earpiece 174, for example, between 2 cm and 30 cm. The sound generator 172 can be a speaker or driver to generate sound waves that propagate through the hollow tube 176 to the inner earpiece 174.

[0298] In this example, the hollow tube 176 is, for example, a hollow plastic tube with a diameter of 2 mm to 3 mm. The hollow tube 176 can typically be rigid to prevent it from folding upwards in a way that would interfere with the propagation of sound waves.

[0299] Conveniently, keeping the sound generator away from the sensor (e.g., keeping the user 10's biosignals away from the conductive sensor portion of the earpiece 174) allows sound to be generated in a manner that causes less interference with sensor readings.

[0300] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sound delivery module 170 connected to the electronic module 32 of the wearable device 100, wherein the signal transmission line 175 and the audio transmission line 178 are connected to the electronic module 32.

[0301] Figure 19A and 19B A sound delivery module 190 is illustrated, comprising a sound generator (not shown, e.g., sound generator 172) connected to an inner earpiece 194 via a hollow tube 196.

[0302] like Figure 19A , 19B As shown, the earpiece 194 can be shaped to conform to the auricle of the user 10's ear. The earpiece 194 can be insulated and may not be a conductive sensor.

[0303] The earpiece 194 can be supported by a conductive sensor, such as a closed-loop frame 198A or an open-loop frame 198B. ​​The closed-loop frame 198A and similar open-loop frames 198B can be shaped to conform to the auricle of the user 10's ear.

[0304] The closed-loop frame 198A is connected to the signal transmission line 199, which can be connected to the electronic module 32 to transmit biosignals from the conductive sensor.

[0305] Conveniently using conductive sensors located away from the user's inner ear canal (e.g., using a closed-loop frame 198A or an open-loop frame 198B) can prevent earwax buildup on the conductive sensor, which can act as an insulator and degrade signal quality. Such conductive sensors also allow for greater surface area contact between the sensor and the user outside the inner ear canal.

[0306] like Figures 3 to 5As shown, in some embodiments, the body 111 of the wearable device 100 may include at least one overhead support band. This at least one support band can provide additional support above the head and distribute forces acting on the head over a larger area. In some embodiments, the overhead support band is positioned in a front-back, left-right, or diagonal orientation. In some embodiments, the overhead support band is positioned in a left-right orientation. In some embodiments, the at least one overhead support band is attached to a loop at an ear contact portion 14. In some embodiments, the at least one top support band includes a crown band 18A, a top band 18B, or a combination thereof. A left-right orientation provides forces that can be partially resisted by bands elsewhere in the device. For example, at least some forces acting on the user's head from the top band 18B can be resisted by the occipital contact portion 16 of the loop. Similarly, some forces acting on the user's head from the crown band 18A are resisted by the forehead contact portion 12 of the loop. Conversely, to allow the front and rear bands to have opposing forces, the device may require a chin band or other bands to apply force to the lower surface of the head.

[0307] Biosignal sensors located in the presence of hair can be selected based on their ability to acquire signals, although the presence of hair may introduce impedance. (Reference) Figure 6 and 7 In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 includes a biosignal sensor 20, such as at least one hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 located on at least one support band (such as the crown band 18A, the top band 18B, the occipital contact portion 16, or both). In some embodiments, the hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 may be positioned at other locations on the body 111, including the forehead contact portion 12 and the ear contact portion 14. The hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 may be a needle sensor or a sensor having pins (e.g., similar to pin 3536, which is discussed in further detail below) that extend through the user's hair to contact the skin 11.

[0308] The following text is for reference only. Figures 20 to 27 An example embodiment of the hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 is described. The hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 can be integrated into a segment of the body 111 of the wearable device 100, which is rigid or reinforced, for example, with a reinforcing member 131. The hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 can also be integrated into a hole or track defined by the body 111, which allows the hair penetration biosignal sensor to move laterally along the body 111. Thus, the hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 can be secured in place, for example, by rotating the hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 to capture a portion of the body 111 and providing a corresponding thread with a frictional engagement.

[0309] According to one aspect of the embodiments described herein, body 111 may include a sensor, such as biosignal sensor 3500, for obtaining biosignals from the scalp or skin 11 of user 10. Reference Figure 24 A biosignal sensor 3500 is provided. The sensor 3500 is configured to receive biosignals from user 10, preferably from the user's head or through the skin 11 of user 10. (Reference) Figure 25 A biosignal sensor 3500 may be included on the device 4000, for example on the support portion 4002 of the body 111 of a wearable device 100. The device 4000 optionally includes at least one deformable portion 4004, for example made of foam, which is attached to the support portion 4002 to provide comfort and / or support when the user 10 wears the device 4000.

[0310] refer to Figure 20 and 21 The biosignal sensor 3500 includes a body 3520 having a spherical portion 3528; and an electrode 3530 extending into the body 3520, the electrode 3530 having a contact end 3532 configured to receive an electrobiosignal from the skin 11 of the user 10, wherein in response to a downward force acting on the biosignal sensor 3500 to push the biosignal sensor 3500 against the user's skin 11, and when in contact with the skin 11 of the user 10, the electrode 3530 is configured to move along a movement axis 3 522 moves into the body 3520; actuator 3540, operatively connected to electrode 3530 to push electrode 3530 out of body 3520 along movement axis 3522 toward an extended position, wherein electrode 3530 is positioned in the extended position without the downward force; and contact adjuster 3550 connected to electrode 3530, the contact adjuster 3550 including handle 3552, the handle being operable by a user to reduce noise in electrobiosignals caused by the impedance of the user's hair.

[0311] In use, a force with a downward component is applied to push the biosignal sensor 3500 against the skin 11 of the user 10 to receive electrical signals from the user 10. The electrode 3530 moves along the movement axis 3522 from an extended position toward a retracted position into the electrode receiving space 3524 of the body 3520 (see example...). Figure 21 However, a user's hair may impede the ability of the biosignal sensor 3500 to receive electrical signals from the user's skin 11. For example, the user's hair can form a barrier (or "pad") that acts as an insulating layer between the contact end and the user's skin. This insulating layer hinders or prevents the reception of electrical signals. Therefore, in some embodiments, the biosignal sensor 3500 is configured to reduce the impedance effect of the user's hair.

[0312] In some embodiments, the contact end 3532 of the electrode 3530 includes a collection plate 3534 and a plurality of pins 3536 extending from the collection plate 3534. Each pin includes a distal tip 3537 for contacting the skin 11 of the user 10. For an electrode having a single contact surface, the user's hair can form a pad under the single contact surface, and the gap volume 3538 defined by the pins 3536, the collection plate 3534, and the skin 11 of the user 10 can receive the user's hair and reduce or prevent the formation of a pad under the distal tip 3537 of the pin. In some embodiments, the extension of the electrode 3530 from the body 3520 in the extended position can be adjusted using a contact adjuster 3550. In some embodiments, the contact adjuster 3550 includes a compression fitting or thread that mates with the electrode or the body for adjusting the extension of the electrode 3530 in the extended position. The extension of the electrode 3530 from the body 3520 accommodates users with different amounts of hair. For example, users with thick, long hair may have a relatively large amount of hair, which may create an electrical barrier when forming a pad. For such users, the extension position can be adjusted so that the electrode 3530 extends further from the body 3520 compared to users with shorter hair or no hair.

[0313] In some embodiments, the contact adjuster 3550 is configured to move the electrode along a movement axis 3522. In some embodiments, the handle is configured to lift the electrode 3530 and reposition it to rest against the skin 11 of the user 10 when it is pushed against the skin 11 of the user 10. In some embodiments, movement of the contact adjuster 3550 collectively moves a plurality of pins 3536. For example, in some embodiments, the contact adjuster 3550 is connected to and configured to move the acquisition plate 3534. Movement of the acquisition plate 3534 causes movement of a plurality of pins 3536 extending from the acquisition plate 3534.

[0314] When a downward force is applied, electrode 3530 moves along the moving axis 3522 into body 3520 (see...). Figure 21 With the electrode 3530 significantly retracted into the body 3520, the body 3520 can become close to the skin 11 of the user 10. This can cause user hair, for example, placed under the body 3520 of the sensor 3500, to form a barrier layer, preventing good contact between the electrode 3530 and the skin 11 of the user 10. Therefore, in some embodiments, the body 3520 includes a contact end 3526 that includes at least one groove 3529 for receiving at least a portion of the user's hair therein.

[0315] To provide better user comfort, the pressure of the electrode 3530 on the skin 11 of the user 10 must not be excessive. In some embodiments, the distal tips 3537 of the plurality of prongs 3536 are rounded. Compared to a pointed tip, a pointed tip distributes the force applied to the skin over a larger area. In some embodiments, the radius of the distal tip is between about 0.25 mm and about 1 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of the distal tip is about 0.5 mm. The number and spacing of the prongs 3536 are selected such that the pressure applied to the skin 11 of the user 10 is not excessive and has sufficient contact area to receive a good and sufficient signal from the user's skin, while maintaining sufficient clearance volume between the prongs 3536 to accommodate the user's hair. In some embodiments, the electrode 3530 has a prong density of about 15 to 40 prongs per square centimeter. In some embodiments, the electrode 3530 has a prong density of about 25 prongs or needles per square centimeter.

[0316] A larger contact area of ​​electrode 3530 can provide better electrical readings. However, when the area is too large, it may not conform well to the skin. One reason for this is that skin is not typically perfectly flat. Increasing the contact area of ​​the electrode also increases the likelihood of skin curvature bending, leading to loss of contact. Therefore, in some embodiments, the contact area of ​​electrode 3530, including pins 3536 (including the area of ​​the gap between the pins), is approximately 1 cm². 2 Approximately 3 cm 2 Between. In some embodiments, the area of ​​the contact end of the electrode 3530 containing these pins (including the gap space between the pins) is approximately 1.5 cm. 2 In some embodiments, the contact end 3532 of the electrode is circular or polyhedral in shape. The shape of the contact end 3532 can help move the user's hair to reduce or prevent the impedance effect of the user's hair.

[0317] In some embodiments, the contact adjuster 3550 is configured to rotate the electrode along a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of movement. The rotational movement can move hair positioned below the sensor 3500. In some embodiments where the sensor includes a plurality of pins 3536, the rotational movement moves the hair into a gap volume 3538. In some embodiments, the rotational movement of the contact adjuster 3550 is unrestricted. In some embodiments, the rotational movement of the contact adjuster 3550 is restricted.

[0318] In some embodiments, actuator 3540 includes a spring, a piston, a compressible material, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, actuator 3540 includes spring 3542. In some embodiments, spring 3542 is a helical spring. Spring 3542 is disposed within electrode receiving space 3524 such that one end abuts against electrode 3530 biased against upper end 3526 of body, such that electrode 3530 is pushed away from electrode receiving space 3524 toward an extended position. In some embodiments, spring 3542 is biased against upper end of sensing plate 3532 of electrode 3530. When a downward force is applied to sensor 3500 and when electrode 3530 abuts against skin 11 of user 10, spring 3542 prevents electrode 3530 from moving into body 3520, such that force is transferred to electrode 3530, pushing the electrode against skin 11 of user 10.

[0319] In some embodiments, the spring 3542 is fixed at one end to the body 3520 and biased against the electrode 3530 at the other end, and the contact adjuster 3550 includes a shaft 3554 extending through the compression axis 3544 of the spring 3542 for transferring rotational force perpendicular to the direction of movement from the handle 3552 to the electrode 3530, or transferring force along the direction of movement from the handle to the electrode, or both. In some embodiments, the compression axis is coaxial or substantially coaxial with the movement axis 3522. In some embodiments where the spring 3542 is a helical spring, the coil of the helical spring is wound around the shaft 3554 of the contact adjuster 3550.

[0320] In some embodiments, actuator 3540 includes a plurality of actuators (not shown) corresponding to a plurality of pins 3536. In some embodiments, the plurality of actuators individually bias the pins against the skin 11 of user 10. This may allow, for example, sensors to better conform to the skin 11 of user 10, since the skin may not be perfectly flat.

[0321] Electrobiosignals received by electrode 3530 can be transmitted to a signal receiver, such as a processor or other computing device (not shown). In some embodiments, the signal receiver receives electrobiosignals from the sensor body 3520. In some embodiments, the body includes a conductive portion 3527 for receiving electrobiosignals from the electrode. The conductive portion 3527 may be a conductive coating, a conductive material integrated into the body, or both. In some embodiments, the conductive coating is a conductive paint, such as a metallic paint or a carbon paint. In some embodiments, the metallic paint includes silver, gold, silver-silver chloride, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the conductive material is a carbon-based plastic or a conductive metal. In some embodiments, the body is 3D printed with conductive material incorporated therein. In some embodiments, the impedance between the electrode and the connection on the sensor for the wire from the signal receiver is less than about 1 kΩ. In some embodiments, the impedance between the electrode and the connection on the sensor is from about 1 Ω to about 500 Ω. In some embodiments, the connection is on the body 3520 or housing 3760 of the sensor 3700 shown in FIG. 19.

[0322] In some embodiments, actuator 3540 electrically connects electrode 3530 to body 3520. For example, electrobiosignals can be transmitted from electrode 3530 to body 3520 via actuator 3540. In some embodiments where actuator 3540 includes spring 3542, spring 3542 is conductive. For example, one end of spring 3542 is biased against acquisition plate 3534, while the other end is biased against body 3520; the spring can function as a conductor.

[0323] According to one aspect of the embodiments described herein, body 111 may include a sensor, such as biosignal sensor 3700, for obtaining biosignals from the scalp or skin 11 of user 10. Reference Figure 22 and 23In some embodiments, sensor 3700 includes a gimbal 3770 configured to orient electrode 3730 perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the skin 11 of user 10. A normally oriented electrode 3730 can have better contact with the user's skin. For example, a normal orientation prevents angular contact with the user's skin where some pins will not lift off the skin when the pins 3736 are of equal length. Furthermore, when the electrode 3730 contacts the skin at an angle, one or more of the pins 3736 can be pushed upwards by hair. In some embodiments, body 3720 includes a spherical portion 3728, wherein the sensor also includes a housing 3760 defining a connector portion 3762 configured to receive the spherical portion 3728 of body 3720, such that gimbal 3770 includes the spherical portion 3728 and connector portion 3762. In some embodiments, the spherical portion 3728 may be removably received by connector portion 3762. In some embodiments, the interface between the connector portion 3762 and the spherical portion 3728 includes a friction-reducing agent. In some embodiments, the friction-reducing agent is a carbon-containing material. In some embodiments, the carbonaceous material is integral with at least a portion of the body 3720, the housing 3760, or both. In some embodiments, the housing 3760 includes an electrical connection portion for establishing an electrical connection between the sensor 3700 and the signal receiver.

[0324] In some embodiments, the body 3720 includes at least one groove 3729 for receiving at least a portion of a user's hair therein.

[0325] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the conductive portion 3727 is disposed in or on the spherical portion 3728. In some embodiments, electrobiosignals received from the electrode 3720 are transmitted from the body 3720 to the housing 3760. In these embodiments, the received signal may be connected to the housing 3760. In some embodiments that include a friction-reducing agent, the friction-reducing agent comprises or is a conductivity modifier to improve impedance. In some embodiments, the conductivity modifier is metal powder, graphite, carbon nanotubes, metal-coated glass, or plastic beads. For example, in the case where the friction-reducing agent is a carbon-containing material integral with the body 3720, the carbon-containing material can provide both friction reduction and conductivity. In some embodiments, a wire on the support portion 4002 of the head-mounted device 4000 is connected at one end to the sensor 3700.

[0326] Now for reference Figure 26 and 27In some embodiments where rotational movement is restricted, sensor 4100 includes a rotation limiter 4170 for limiting rotational movement of electrode 4130. If hair rotates excessively in a single direction, it may become tangled or knotted. In some embodiments, the rotation limiter allows oscillating movement of the electrode along a rotation axis between the user's hairs. In some embodiments, the rotation limiter restricts rotational movement to at least about 0.25 radians. In some embodiments, rotation limiter 4170 includes a slot 4172 and a key 4174 configured to restrict rotation within the slot 4172. Movement of electrode 4130 relative to body 4120 is limited by slot 4172 and key 4174. In some embodiments, upper end 4126 of body 4120 defines slot 4172 and shaft 4154 of contact adjuster 4150 includes key 4174. In some embodiments, rotation limiter includes a stop disposed within body, electrode, shaft, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, housing 4160 is configured to receive body 4120.

[0327] In some embodiments, a light connected to the processor indicates the brain state at sensor 3500 or sensor 3700. In some embodiments, the brightness or color of the light is modified based on events in the brain, such as event-related potentials, continuous EEG, cognitive potentials, steady-state evoked potentials, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the light is integrated with the sensor or mounted close to the sensor on a support portion of the head-mounted device.

[0328] In some embodiments, the body 111 may include other biosignal sensors 20, such as non-contact electrodes 180.

[0329] refer to Figure 28 In some embodiments, the non-contact electrode 180 includes a conductive layer 182 and a conductive noise layer 184, wherein a dielectric layer 186 is disposed between the conductive layer and the conductive noise layer. The conductive noise layer 184 reduces noise in the signal obtained by the electrode 180. The conductive noise layer 184 may be an active shielding screen or a ground plane. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer 188 is applied to the user-facing side of the conductive layer 182. The conductive layer 182 is connected to the electronic module 32 or sensor electronics via a wire 189.

[0330] In some embodiments, the non-contact electrode may take the form of, for example, Figure 29A The capacitive electrode 4300 shown or other suitable capacitive electrode forms. Figure 29A A side view of a user 10 wearing a wearable device 100 with a biosignal sensor in the form of a capacitive electrode 4300 according to an embodiment is shown. Figure 29B It is illustrated Figure 29A A partial top view of the wearable device 100.

[0331] In some embodiments, the body 111 includes one or more capacitive electrodes 4300 positioned, for example, adjacent to the top of the user 10's head and the back of the user 10's head, such as... Figure 29A As shown. Electrode 4300 can be disposed in the body 111 of wearable device 100 to receive biosignal data from user 10. In some embodiments, the received biosignal data may include brainwave data of user 10. In some embodiments, capacitive electrode 4300 may be a non-contact electrode that does not directly contact the skin 11 of user 10.

[0332] The body 111 may include a compressible foam 4302 that conforms to the shape of the user 10's head. In some embodiments, the compressible foam 4302 may be formed of open-cell foam (such as open-cell foam materials known to those skilled in the art). The compressible foam 4302 may be compressible such that it conforms to the user 10's head when the wearable device 100 is attached to the user 10's head. In use, the compressible foam 4302 can be compressed and conforms to the user 10's head by fastening the body 111 to secure the wearable device 100 to the user 10.

[0333] In some embodiments, the conductive layer 4304 of the capacitive electrode 4300 is fixed to the compressible foam 4302 on the surface of the compressible foam 4302 adjacent to the head of the user 10.

[0334] The conductive layer 4304 can have a thickness between 1 μm and 100 μm, and in this example, a thickness of 20 μm. The conductive layer 4304 can be formed from a conductive material, such as a polymer substrate with conductive ink, a conductive polymer, a conductive fabric, or a flexible PCB.

[0335] The conductive layer 4304 may be insulated adjacent to the head of the user 10 by an insulating layer 4306. The insulating layer 4306 forms a dielectric, creating capacitive coupling between the conductive layer 4304 and the skin 11 of the user 10. In some embodiments, the user 10's hair or other body tissue may further contribute to the dielectric formed by the insulating layer 4306, and capacitive coupling may be formed on the user 10's hair or other body tissue. The user 10's hair may be compressed and held in place by pressure applied by the compressible layer 4302.

[0336] The insulating layer 4306 may have a thickness between 1 μm and 100 μm, and in this example, a thickness of 50 μm. The insulating layer 4306 may be formed of a polymer (e.g., polyester).

[0337] By providing a minimal insulating layer between the conductive layer 4304 and the user 10's skin 11, the insulating layer 4306 can mitigate changes in capacitive coupling between the conductive layer 4304 and the user 10's skin 11 caused by variations in the characteristics of the user 10's hair. The insulating layer 4306 also minimizes salt bridging effects, which can occur, for example, due to the user 10's sweating, forming electrical connections between electrodes and causing incorrect readings.

[0338] In some embodiments, the conductive layer 4304 may be connected to the HMD 110 or sensor electronics, such as signal conditioning and amplification circuitry, via wires (not shown).

[0339] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 includes an electronic module 32 comprising a computing device or processor 30 for receiving biosignals from at least one biosignal sensor 20 and / or hair penetration biosignal sensor 22 located on a ring. The electronic module 32 may be connected to any of the biosignal sensors 20, 22, or other sensors described herein. The electronic module 32 may also include a power source, such as one or more batteries, for powering the electronic module 32. In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 is located on a forehead portion 12, an ear contact portion 14, an occipital portion 16, or a support band 18 such as a coronal band 18A and a top band 18B. The electronic module 32 may be mounted on a portion of a body 111 that is reinforced and rigid to structurally support the electronic module 32. The electronic module 32 may be selectively mounted on and selectively removed from the body 111 of the wearable device 100.

[0340] Conveniently, the electronic module 32 can be removable, as described herein, and combined with the machine-washable fabric 121 for the body 111, the wearable device 100 can be machine-washable when the electronic module 32 is removed.

[0341] Due to the modularity of electronic module 32, it is understood that electronic module 32 can be used in various host configurations or designs and with different compatibility.

[0342] Since the PCB or FPCB and the electronic components within the body are passive (unless electricity passes through them), other components of the wearable device 100 (such as the body 111) can be washable or hand-washable.

[0343] In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 may be integrated with the body 111 and is not releasable. In such embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be machine washable.

[0344] In some embodiments, the electronic module may include “adhesive” electrodes or biosignal sensors as described herein, which can be applied directly to a user’s body or other configuration using a suitable adhesive. Thus, in some embodiments, the electronic module may be directly wrapped around a user’s arm, attached to their chest, or other suitable body part.

[0345] In an embodiment, the electronic module 32 can be configured to be located on the occipital contact portion when worn, such that the electronic module 32 is situated in a recess in the skull beneath the occipital bone. Placing the electronic module 32 on the occipital portion reduces protrusion compared to placement on the forehead contact portion 12 or the support band 18, and provides better aerodynamics and weight distribution, as well as a smoother appearance, if the device is worn during activities requiring movement. When the device is designed for a lying user, such as when sleeping, the electronic module 32 can be positioned on the device to minimize the formation of stress points (such as stress points created by the user's head against the pillow) and to minimize the possibility, for example, that the user moving the device during their sleep would cause it to snag or get caught on a pillow, blanket, etc. In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 can be located on or adjacent to the forehead contact portion 12, which can reduce the electronic module 32's interference with the user's sleep, regardless of whether the user sleeps on their back or side, or with or without any type of pillow.

[0346] In one embodiment, the electronic module 32 is positioned near the forehead contact portion, such that when worn, the electronic module 32 is positioned near the user's forehead.

[0347] Placing the electronic module 32 on the user's head can improve the quality and reliability of the received biosignals because the module can thus be placed closer to the various sensing areas of interest.

[0348] In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 includes at least one of the following electronic components: an analog front-end for amplifying and filtering biosignal data; an analog-to-digital converter; a memory for storing biosignal data received from the biosignal sensor 20; a radio for communicating with a remote processor; a battery; a charging circuit; and a connector for charging the battery. In some embodiments, the electronic package is fixedly or detachably mounted on the device. In some embodiments where the electronic package is removably mounted on the device, the ring includes a pocket for receiving the electronic module 32.

[0349] In some embodiments, one or more electronic components (e.g., a preamplifier) ​​may be located outside the electronic module 32 and integrated into the body 111 of the wearable device 100.

[0350] Figure 30AThis is a perspective view of electronic module 32, which can be released from wearable device 100 via a first retaining mount 3202 and a second retaining mount 3204 mounted on the main body 111 of wearable device 100.

[0351] Figure 30B This is another perspective view of the electronic module 32 that can be released from the wearable device 100. Figure 30C This is an enlarged perspective view of the retaining mount for the electronic module 32 used in the wearable device 100. Figure 30D This is an exploded view of the retaining mount for the electronic module 32 used in the wearable device 100. Figure 30E This is a side view of the retaining mount for electronic module 32. Figure 30F This is another front perspective view of the retaining mount for the electronic module 32 used in the wearable device 100. Figure 30G This is an exploded view of electronic module 32. Figure 30H This is a schematic diagram of the components of the printed circuit board and electronic module 32.

[0352] The first retaining mount 3202 and the second retaining mount 3204 can be configured to provide a connection between the electronic module 32 and other components of the wearable device 100, such as flexible PCBs, such as FPCB 1020 or FPCB 1120 and biosignal sensor 20.

[0353] like Figure 30D As shown, retaining mounts 3202 and 3204 may each include bases 3242 and 3244. Bases 3242 and 3244 may be flexible and formed of a suitable flexible polymer. The bases 3242 and 3244 of retaining mounts 3202 and 3204 may be attached to the body 111 in a flexible manner, and provide flexibility to allow the body 111 to rotate relative to the electronic module 32, as disclosed herein, while maintaining the ability to transmit axial tension. In some embodiments, other components of retaining mounts 3202 and 3204 may be formed of a rigid material.

[0354] In some embodiments, the body 111 may include a hole 113 through which the optical sensor 3216 can be attached and allow light to pass.

[0355] like Figure 30A As shown, the electronic module 32 may have an arcuate or curved shape, thus forming a space between the electronic module 32 and the main body 111 of the wearable device 100 when it is placed on the wearable device 100, as specifically referenced. Figure 2D visible.

[0356] The curved shape of the electronic module 32 can adapt to various curvatures of the user's body, such as the shape of the user's head and an angled forehead, and in use, due to the force applied by holding the electronic module 32 against the user's head and holding the wearable device 100 around parts of the user's body (such as the user's head), for example, pushing the biosignal sensor 20 against the forehead region of the wearable device 100.

[0357] The biosignal sensor 20, mounted on a fabric of the wearable device 100, can extend between retaining mounts 3202 and 3204. This fabric may have some stretch properties and is therefore adapted to contact the user's body, allowing for a good amount of pressure on the skin even if the user has a flat forehead, to allow for better biosignal data readings. The fabric between retaining mounts 3202 and 3204 can also be stretched to conform to the shape of the electronic module 32 during use. Certain portions of the body 111 (e.g., the portion behind the electronic module 32) may also contain foam or other suitable compressible material, allowing for compression and adaptation to the user's head, and thus allowing for better contact between the biosignal sensor 20 and the user, and therefore allowing for better quality and reliability of the received signals.

[0358] Conveniently, because the intermediate electrode in contact with the user's forehead may be important for signal quality, the shape of the electronic module 32 can be adapted to any head shape while allowing the electrodes of the biosignal sensor 20 to have good contact with the user's body (such as the skin on the user's forehead).

[0359] refer to Figure 30G In some embodiments, the body of the electronic module 32 can be attached to retaining mounts 3202 and 3204 via snap-fit ​​engagement and magnet pairs 3210A to 3210B and 3211A to 3211B, respectively, the magnet pairs being polarized to magnetically attract each other. Magnets 3210A and 3211A can be secured to retaining mounts 3202 and 3204, respectively. Magnets 3210B and 3211B can be secured to the electronic module 32 at ends 33A and 33B, respectively.

[0360] Magnets 3210A, 3210B, 3211A and 3211B can also be polarized to ensure that the body of electronic module 32 is properly oriented to the retaining mount.

[0361] like Figure 30D and 30G As shown, in some embodiments, magnets 3210A, 3210B, 3211A and 3211B have inward ridges along an inner third circumference to fit them into the body of electronic module 32, and have holes for retaining mounting members 3202, 3204 to hold the magnets.

[0362] The mounting component 3202 may also include a port 3212, for example, for serial communication between the printed circuit board (PCB) 3220 of the electronic module 32 and the flexible PCB (FPCB, such as FPCB 1020 or FPCB 1120) in the body 111 of the wearable device 100 and, for example, for connection to the serial port of the biosignal sensor 20.

[0363] PCB 3220 can be formed from a flexible PCB embedded in three rigid PCBs and the three rigid PCBs are connected together.

[0364] Connector 3222 (in this example, a serial connector for mating with port 3212 in electronic module 32) may include a push-pin connection for connecting to port 3212 and may be configured as a push-pin, spring-loaded pin, or spring-loaded pin connector to counteract the force of the magnet on 3210A to 3210B and 3211A to 3211B, but maintain a secure connection between electronic module 32 (and therefore PCB 3220) and retaining mount 3202 (and therefore FPCB in body 111, such as FPCB 1020 or 1120 connected to a sensor (such as biosignal sensor 20)). Thus, the connection is maintained between PCT 3220, FPCB (such as FPCB 1020 or 1120), and biosignal sensor 20 by spring-loaded pins and magnetic force.

[0365] In some embodiments, magnets 3210A, 3210B, 3211A, and 3211B may need to be calibrated to ensure adequate contact with the push pin of connector 3222.

[0366] The electronic module 32 can be magnetically attached to the main body 111.

[0367] In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 includes a first magnet 3210B and a second magnet 3211B. The first magnet is magnetically attached to a first retaining mount 3204 at a first end 32A, and the second magnet is magnetically attached to a second retaining mount 3202 at a second end 32B.

[0368] like Figure 30GAs shown, in some embodiments, the electronic module 32 includes a PCB 3220 within the front housing 3201A and the rear housing 3201B, which is secured to the rear housing 3201B, for example, by a fastener 3203 connected to a connector 3222 via a microcontroller (MCU) 3226 or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that digitizes the input analog signal received from the biosignal sensor 20 via, for example, a PCB or FPCB (such as FPCB 1020 or FPCB 1120) in the wearable device 100. The analog signal may be amplified by one or more analog signal amplifiers 3224.

[0369] In some embodiments, PCB 3220 may be a flexible-rigid PCB and is curved in shape, complementary to the curved shape of electronic module 32, and particularly complementary to front housing 3201A and rear housing 3201B. Figure 30H A schematic diagram of PCB3220 is shown.

[0370] like Figure 30G As shown, in some embodiments, the electronic module 32 also includes a power source for various components of the electronic module 32, such as a battery 3214 (which may be supported by battery foam 3215 and activated by a power button 3213), an optical sensor 3216, a light emitter 3218, a communication module 3230 and an associated antenna 3232, and a memory 3240. Thus, the wearable device 100 may include electronic components such as the optical sensor 3216, the light emitter 3218, the communication module 3230 and the associated antenna 3232, and the memory 3240.

[0371] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 includes an optical sensor 3216, such as a pulse oximeter, which irradiates the skin and measures changes in light absorption to obtain a photoplethysmography (PPG). The optically obtained PPG can be used to detect changes in blood volume in the microvascular bed of a tissue.

[0372] The optical sensor 3216 can be placed behind, for example, a cover 3217 formed of glass, and positioned to extend through the aperture 113 and allow light to be transmitted through the aperture 113.

[0373] In some embodiments, the optical sensor 3216 is disposed in the region of the electronic module 32 near the first retaining mount 3202 or the second retaining mount 3204. The electronic module 32 may have an arcuate or curved shape, and positioning the optical sensor 3216 closer to the first retaining mount 3202 or the second retaining mount 3204 may reduce the distance between the optical sensor 3216 and the user's skin or fabric.

[0374] like Figure 30IAs shown, in some embodiments, the optical sensor 3216 is mounted on a flexible protrusion 3228 on the electronic module 32, and the flexible protrusion 3228 can be compressed as the electronic module 32 is directed toward the body of the user 10. The flexible protrusion 3228 allows the optical sensor 3216 to adapt to various user curvatures. For users with smaller body curvatures, the flexible protrusion allows the optical sensor 3216 to extend toward the user's skin (along line G) into the concave space 35, but can retract when force is applied by the skin of other users with larger body curvatures, thereby ensuring that the flexible protrusion 3228 adapts to different body curvatures.

[0375] Optical sensor 3216 can generate and emit green, red, and infrared light wavelengths, which can be used for optical sensing based on the reflection distance of light reflected into the optical sensor. Other suitable wavelengths may also be considered. In some embodiments, optical sensor 3216 senses light generated by other light sources (such as LEDs) adjacent to the optical sensor on wearable device 100 or from another suitable light source.

[0376] Various wavelengths of light allow for the reception of different signals and the extrapolation of different data. For example, green light can provide a better quality signal, while red and infrared light allow for pulse oximetry sensing and analysis. Certain extended wavelengths measure oxygen concentration. In one example, light generated by optical sensor 3216 can be reflected from oxygenation, and the reflectivity of light detected and sensed during respiration can indicate respiratory rate and heart rate.

[0377] In some embodiments, the optical sensor 3216 can sample optical signals at up to 4 kHz.

[0378] In some configurations, the wearable device 100 can be worn with the user's clothing, and light signals can pass through the user's clothing and provide meaningful readings.

[0379] In some embodiments, the optical sensor 3216 can be used to sense the compression of fabric as a user breathes. In one example, the optical sensor 3216 moves closer to the user's skin as the fabric of the body 111 of the wearable device 100 compresses. Therefore, breathing can be detected based on light reflected back to the optical sensor 3216 from a surface such as the user's skin. In an example where the wearable device 100 is positioned around the user's chest, the wearable device 100 stretches and expands as the user's chest expands, and the distance between the optical sensor 3216 and the user's skin decreases. Therefore, the light emitted by the optical sensor 3216 does not travel very far before being reflected. Thus, the light can be used to measure the strain or tension of the fabric in the wearable device 100. In other embodiments, a strain gauge can be used to determine the compression or tension of the fabric of the wearable device 100.

[0380] In some embodiments, the optical sensor 3216 detects additional biosignals based at least in part on the detected reflection distance of light reflected into the optical sensor.

[0381] In some embodiments, the optical sensor 3216 detects additional biological signals, such as blood flow, based at least in part on the measured color and intensity of light reflected into the optical sensor.

[0382] The light emitter 3218 may include one or more LEDs or other suitable light sources, such as incandescent bulbs or fluorescent bulbs.

[0383] In some embodiments, when the wearable device 100 is placed on a user's head, the light emitter 3218 is positioned at the bottom of the electronic module 32, within the user's line of sight. In some embodiments, the light emitter 3218 may be positioned on other parts of the electronic module 32, such as at the top.

[0384] The light emitter 3218 can generate light signals to communicate with a user wearing the wearable device 3218. The light signals generated by the light emitter 3218 can include various suitable light colors, frequencies, intensities, and settings.

[0385] In some embodiments, the optical sensor 3216 may be configured to detect light emitted by the light emitter 3218. The optical sensor 3216 may measure the illuminance level on the user's eyelids (as a supplement to or alternative to the luminance level in the environment).

[0386] The light emitter 3218 can be configured to emit light for waking a user or as biofeedback. In one example, light cues can be used as a wake-up routine. In another example, the light emitter 3218 can cause light to flash to attract the user's attention when the user is asleep or in a sleep state, for example, triggering the user to change sleep state or wake up.

[0387] In this example, wearable device 100 can be configured to detect when a user is in a dream state and send stimuli (e.g., light emitted by light emitter 3218) to awaken the user's consciousness. Thus, the user's dream may be intentionally disrupted. Such interruption can be done in a way that does not severely disturb the user's sleep and can improve the user's dream recall.

[0388] Other stimuli, such as vibration, sound, odor, and / or electric shock, can be applied similarly. Further embodiments exist where the device is configured to apply multiple types of stimulation simultaneously, in addition to embodiments configured to apply one type of stimulation. For some users, a combination of several types of stimulation can produce a strong response.

[0389] Other instances of stimuli may include user-selected and / or generated stimuli. These may include, for example, positive confirmations. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be configured to receive positive confirmations from the user and may use these confirmations as stimuli triggered by selected events. In some embodiments, the user is able to select which events trigger positive confirmations.

[0390] In some embodiments, electrical stimulation can be applied to the user close to the ear. Such stimulation may be able to stimulate the auricular region of the user's head, which in turn may stimulate the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. In some applications, this nerve stimulation can be highly therapeutic for some users.

[0391] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be configured to trigger an odor diffuser in response to certain events. For example, when the wearable device 100 detects that the user is in or about to enter a pre-wake state while sleeping, a calming odor may diffuse into the vicinity of the user.

[0392] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may intentionally awaken a sleeping user using light, vibration, sound, odor (such as through the atomization of essential oils), or other stimuli. For example, when the wearable device 100 detects that the user is in a dream state, it may apply stimulation to the user to make the user aware that they are in a dream state and give the user clear control over the dream state, allowing them to recall their dream or to alter the dream experience. In the case of lucid dreaming, the wearable device 100 awakens the user to a state of consciousness capable of lucid dreaming. In these embodiments, the stimulation intentionally awakens the user's consciousness without interfering with the dream state by the user learning to recognize stimuli within the dream state, such as sound, speech stimulation, vibration patterns, or flashes of light that can be seen with eyes closed. The wearable device 100 monitors the dream state and may adaptively control the stimulation to provide the intended function. For example, if the dream state is observed to be disrupted to be too close to a waking state, the stimulation may be stopped, reduced, or otherwise altered, or if the user is not disturbed in any way, the intensity of the stimulation may be increased or otherwise altered.

[0393] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may apply stimulation to the user in a pattern determined by the user's sleep stage. These phase-locked stimuli can promote quiet sleep. Phase-locking refers to the ability of the wearable device 100 to provide variations in stimulation based on the user's current sleep stage, patterns observed in sleep stages during previous sleep durations, and historical patterns of multiple sleep nights. In these embodiments, the stimulation may gently guide the user through their typical sleep cycle or provide a means of transforming their sleep cycle into a more effective pattern for rest, performance, or other goals such as dream recall. Further embodiments may train the user to respond predictably to certain types of stimulation to more effectively guide the user through their sleep cycle.

[0394] In other embodiments, each user may wear a wearable device that can communicate with each other. This can allow synchronization between the sleep patterns of the two users to improve the quietness of sleep in a shared bed. Another use could be to facilitate shared dreams by adjusting dream stages. Other embodiments may also allow for the generation of stimuli within the sleep environment, such as wake-up alarms that can simultaneously optimize wake-up alerts for both users. These devices can process some necessary information within their electronic modules to reduce latency caused by delays in communication with external devices.

[0395] In some embodiments, two or more wearable devices may communicate using light or sound emitted from the wearable devices. The frequency of the light or sound used for communication between the two or more devices may be selected such that the frequency is outside the range of typical human detection.

[0396] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may also be configured to apply stimuli (e.g., light, vibration, or sound) to a user and determine the effectiveness of the stimulus in waking the user. The device may be configured to adapt to the user and modulate the stimulus used (e.g., intensity, timing, type) to adaptively alter the user's dream state in a more effective manner.

[0397] like Figure 2J As shown, in some embodiments, the light receiver 3256 may use a suitable light detector to receive and detect ambient light or emitted light near the wearable device 100 or the user's eyes.

[0398] In some embodiments, a light receiver 3256 is positioned on the body 111 near the eye of the user 10 to detect light from the eye of the user 10.

[0399] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 is configured to be worn around a user's chest. These embodiments can provide a wider range of respiratory data. For example, a device worn around the chest can provide ECG measurements via electrodes and chest expansion using sensors that measure the deformation of the body 111. For example, a light emitter / receiver pair can measure compression of the body 111 and, appropriately, filter through a low-pass filter to measure chest expansion movements during breathing. A device worn around the chest can be adapted to provide respiratory data via chest movement data, cardiac motion and electrical data, and chest expansion data.

[0400] In some embodiments, the processing described herein is performed on a local computing device, such as a mobile phone local to the user. This allows for the maintenance of a model of the user's mind.

[0401] Using a user's brain model, it is possible to detect whether the user is in a dream state, for example, by detecting changes in brain activity and eye movements, body movements, and lack of body movement through EOG.

[0402] In some embodiments, the light emitter 3218 can be used to indicate the user's status to others, such as the user being asleep.

[0403] Therefore, the light emitter 3218 can be used to indicate sleep status, time synchronization, physiological signals, direct feedback, heart rate, concentration status, etc.

[0404] Feedback, such as that from the light emitter 3218, can be used by the user or others. In one instance, emotions can be conveyed to others. In another instance, the light emitter 3218 can provide feedback to caregivers about the patient (user).

[0405] In some embodiments, the light emitter 3218 can be used to perform brain measurements. For example, brain responses can be measured by flashing light and simultaneously using, for example, one or more biosignal sensors 20. Thus, synchronized brain measurements can be obtained by providing an event (flash).

[0406] The light transmitter 3218 can also be configured to achieve real-time communication with the local computing device, for example, by utilizing the line of sight of a receiver at the local computing device. Therefore, the user's biometric status can be transmitted, and a bio-feedback experience can be created. Conveniently, reduced waiting time can be achieved.

[0407] In some embodiments, an external camera can read the light emitted by the light emitter 3218 and synchronize these readings with the user's facial expressions.

[0408] In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 further includes a communication module 3230, such as a Bluetooth module disposed behind a shield 3231 that can shield against noise, and the communication module is connected to an antenna 3232 for communication, for example, communicating with a local or remote computing device using an appropriate communication protocol. In other embodiments, data transfer between the wearable device 100 and a computing device such as a local or remote computing device can be wired, Wi-Fi, fiber optic, or other suitable communication protocols, which will be described in further detail below.

[0409] The communication module 3230 can be located away from the magnet in the electronic module 32 to avoid magnetic interference.

[0410] The communication module 3230 can be configured to use other communication protocols selected based on factors such as latency requirements, distance, speed, bandwidth, and interference (if in a noisy environment).

[0411] In some embodiments, electronic module 32 includes memory 3240. Memory 3240 may include random access memory, read-only memory, or permanent storage such as a hard disk, a solid-state drive such as flash memory, etc.

[0412] The memory 3240 can be configured to store certain biosignal data sensed by the biosignal sensor 20, various data sensed or processed by components of the wearable device 100 (such as an accelerometer), processing performed on the wearable device 100, etc. Therefore, the memory 3240 can store data such as motion data and EEG signals.

[0413] Electronic module 32 may include an external connector 3250, such as a micro USB connector, to charge battery 3214.

[0414] In some embodiments, the external connector 3250 can be used to transfer data with another device, such as a local computing device or a remote computing device, in the example of wired or wireless transfer.

[0415] In some embodiments, the electronic module 32 further includes an authenticator (not shown) that can be configured for anti-counterfeiting measures to authenticate the source of the electronic module 32.

[0416] The authenticator may include a chip on the body 111 of the wearable device 100 and a chip on the electronic module 32. In one example, the flexible PCB has a chip with an authentication code. When the electronic module 32 is connected, it queries the headband to determine authenticity and receives a response.

[0417] Electronic module 32 can therefore authenticate the headband of wearable device 100. Electronic module 32 receives this response and authenticates itself against a remote server. Since both electronic module 32 and the headband (body 111) have serial numbers, they can be authenticated using a private key. Access can be denied to modules that fail to authenticate.

[0418] The wearable device 100 may also include, for example, an ambient light receiver 3256 to detect the ambient light level in the environment or room.

[0419] like Figure 2J As shown, in this example, wearable device 100 may include an accelerometer 3258. The accelerometer 3258 can be used to track the user's movement. Based on the user's movement, biosignal data (e.g., biosignal data received from biosignal sensor 20 at a certain threshold (such as plus or minus 30 seconds) during a time window adjacent to the movement) may be discarded because the associated EEG signal may be assumed to be of poor quality due to noise added by the user's movement.

[0420] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to retain biosignal data received when the user's body is relatively still (e.g., when they are sleeping, meditating, or doing light stretching). This is likely because the received signals are less reliable when the user moves more, as the dry electrode contacts may not move sufficiently with the user.

[0421] In some embodiments, the accelerometer 3258 can be used to filter out received biosignal data. For example, if the accelerometer 3258 senses motion, which is then attributed to a user, biosignal data received in the time range adjacent to that motion can be deleted or filtered.

[0422] The accelerometer 3258 can also be used to conserve battery life by selecting what data is sent from the wearable device 100 (e.g., to a local or remote computing device). For example, if the accelerometer 3258 detects that the user is moving, the data can be deleted or cached (to be sent at a specific time or later) instead of being transmitted to another device.

[0423] In some embodiments, algorithms on wearable device 100 can determine how to process data received from components such as biosignal sensors and accelerometers. Certain local decisions can be allowed through negotiation between the wearable device and algorithms on a local or remote computing device that communicates with wearable device 100.

[0424] For example, a neural network such as a multilayer perceptron (MLP) can be implemented on the wearable device 100 to determine whether biosignal data such as EEG is sufficient and, for example, to remove noise. Other suitable neural network or machine learning techniques may be considered.

[0425] Therefore, wearable device 100, for example using electronic module 32, can be configured to filter signals so that they can be transmitted to a local or remote computing device without disrupting the signal being measured, and can provide signal processing and / or conditioning steps.

[0426] The decision-making process may involve negotiating how and when to store data locally and when to transfer it to other local or remote computing devices to address issues such as bad data, different sleep conditions (e.g., if the user is sleeping face down and data transmission is blocked), etc. Data can be buffered and transferred as appropriate. In one instance, if a transmission is detected as unverifiable, the data can be stored and buffered, and then transferred as appropriate (e.g., utilizing periodic checks on transmission capabilities).

[0427] Data on wearable device 100 or electronic module 32 can be timestamped. Therefore, bandwidth can be saved by transmitting only the data required for real-time feedback. Lower-priority data can be cached or stored and instead transmitted at predetermined times (e.g., in the morning).

[0428] Some storage or processing capabilities may be available on the wearable device 100 or various components such as the electronic module 32, and other storage and processing may be offloaded to a local or remote computing device, with which the wearable device 100 may communicate, for example, via Bluetooth or a suitable communication protocol. In some embodiments, processing may be performed on the computing device of the wearable device 100, as described in further detail below.

[0429] In some embodiments, onboard processing can be performed on the wearable device 100. Some processing can also be performed on other local or remote computing devices. In some embodiments, for example, remote processing of biosignal data or other data received from the wearable device 100 can be performed remotely in the cloud.

[0430] Processing requests can be based on a trade-off between capacity, physical size, and price.

[0431] Some biosignal sensors 20 may have very high sampling rates to ensure the acquisition of useful data. These signals can be processed on-board on the wearable device 100 or a local or remote computing device. Such data can be transmitted to the local or remote computing device in real time or at time intervals.

[0432] The processing may also involve performing audio detection and audio generation capabilities on the wearable device 100.

[0433] In use, the wearable device 100 can be configured for near real-time processing between computing on the wearable device 100 and local or remote computing devices, and for another level of real-time behavior with respect to the wearable device 100 itself.

[0434] For example, local computing devices can be used for real-time processing on the order of seconds or minutes to determine the tuned state or detect changes in sleep state. Therefore, it is possible to generate real-time feedback locally for specific stages of a user's sleep, which is ideal for achieving the lowest possible latency.

[0435] Slow-wave feedback can be performed on wearable device 100; however, decisions regarding when and how to provide such feedback can be made on another device with greater processing power. In this example, the sound or other stimulus used for feedback can then be uploaded to wearable device 100.

[0436] Therefore, it is possible to create timely feedback locally, while performing high-processing characteristics at another computing device or offline.

[0437] Figure 31A This is a top view of the electronic module 32 connected to the forehead contact portion 12 of the main body 111 of the wearable device 100 in the example. Figure 31B This is a side view of the electronic module 32 connected to the forehead contact portion 12 of the main body 111 of the wearable device 100.

[0438] like Figure 31A , 31B As shown, the electronic module 32 may include a magnet 312 to cooperate with a corresponding magnet 310 in the body 111 to hold the electronic module 32 against the body 111. Therefore, the electronic module 32 can be selectively removed from the wearable device 100.

[0439] The electronic module 32 may also include a spring pin 313 to provide electrical contact with the contact 320 in the body 111. The contact 311 may also be connected to the biosignal sensors 20, 22 in the wearable device 100.

[0440] like Figure 31A As shown, magnet 310 and contact 311 can be embedded in a substrate 314, for example, made of rubber. Substrate 314 can typically be rigid to structurally support electronic module 32.

[0441] In some embodiments, contact 311 may be connected to flexible printed circuit board 316, for example, as Figure 31B As shown.

[0442] Figure 32 This is a side view of the electronic module 32 connected to the forehead contact portion 12 of the main body 111 of the wearable device 100. The electronic module 32 can be as follows: Figure 31A and 31B As shown and configured as described above, an additional clip 322 is provided to engage with a receiving hook 324 to further hold the electronic module to the wearable device 100. The body 111 may also include a retaining lip 325 to engage with a corresponding lip on the electronic module 32 to further secure the electronic module 32 to the body 111. A protrusion 323 can be pressed to release the clip 322 from the hook 324 and remove the electronic module from the body 111.

[0443] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of a pocket 330 within the body 111 for holding the electronic module 32 within a section of the body 111. The pocket is elastic, for example, made of elastic fabric. Electrical contacts 331 on the electronic module 32 can contact conductive ribs 332 of the body 111. The conductive ribs 332 can be integrated with the body 111, for example, as conductive wires or other suitable conductive sensors, and can be connected to biosignal sensors 20, 22.

[0444] Figures 44 to 49 Other embodiments of the electronic module 32 combined with a wearable device are illustrated. Figure 44 According to an embodiment, there is a wearable device 100 having an electronic module 32 disposed under a cover 4400 in a closed position. Figure 45 This is a perspective view of a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment, having an electronic module 32 disposed under a cover 4400 in the open position. Figure 46 This is a perspective view of a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment, having an electronic module 32 detached from a cover 4400 in the open position. Figure 47 This is a perspective view of a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment, having an electronic module 32 placed in a pocket 4700. Figure 48 This is a perspective view of a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment, having an electronic module 32 detachable from a pocket 4700. Figure 49 This is a perspective view of a wearable device 100 according to an embodiment, having an electronic module 32 detachable from a pocket 4700 and a fabric flap 4702.

[0445] like Figures 34A to 34C As shown, in some embodiments, the electronic module 32 may have a conductive pin 340 extending from the surface for contact with a conductive wire 342 on a segment of, for example, the body 111, and has a molded stop 344. A clip 346 may hold the conductive wire 342 against the conductive pin 340.

[0446] In another embodiment, such as Figure 35A and 35B As shown, the electronic module 32 may include a recess 352 to receive a molded contact 354 connected to a conductive wire 356 in the body 111. A clip 350 may hold the molded contact 354 in the recess 352 of the electronic module 32.

[0447] Figure 36 and 37 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device 100 having an extendable, stretchable forehead contact portion 12 with a main body 111 is shown, wherein an electronic module 32 may be mounted on the forehead contact portion.

[0448] In this embodiment, the wearable device 100 can be as follows: Figure 36 The wearable shown has the module positioned high on the head to allow other wearable technologies, such as head-mounted displays or VR headsets, to be worn on the forehead. Alternatively, portion 12, together with the electronic module 32, can be worn as... Figure 37 The circuit is folded downwards to conceal the electronic module 32.

[0449] Figure 38 A side view of an embodiment of a wearable device 100 is illustrated, having an extendable, stretchable portion 12 with a placement or attachment position 380 for securing an auxiliary electrode to a body 111 for contact with a user 10. The attachment position 380 may provide an opening in which the auxiliary electrode or sensor may be placed, and provides a conductive contact surface pre-wired to an electronics module 32 for connection between the auxiliary electrode or sensor and the electronics module 32.

[0450] The auxiliary electrodes can be any type of through-hair sensor and can be attached to the wearable device via snaps, clips, etc. Extendable, stretchable portions can be pulled back over the hair to provide potential locations for a large array of auxiliary electrodes (for auxiliary or additional sensors, as described in further detail below).

[0451] In some embodiments, the device includes additional auxiliary sensors. These auxiliary sensors may be integrated with the electronics module 32 or otherwise integrated with the device 100. In some embodiments, the auxiliary sensors are selected from optical heart rate sensors, pulse oximeter sensors, gyroscopes, accelerometers, magnetometers, sweat sensors, light sensors, audio sensors, nasal cannula flow sensors, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the device includes an optical heart rate sensor and / or a pulse oximeter sensor. In some embodiments, the optical heart rate sensor and / or pulse oximeter sensor are located on a forehead contact portion such that they contact the forehead or temple area of ​​the user's head. In some embodiments, signal data from a gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, or a combination thereof can be used to determine an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) to determine head orientation. For example, such data can be used to provide additional information when analyzing brain patterns such as sleep, activity, etc. For example, analysis of a user's sleep can be combined with electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to analyze rocking and turning.

[0452] In some embodiments, the body 111 may include an opening or mounting point for mounting auxiliary sensors and / or auxiliary electrodes, such as for research purposes. In an example, the opening may be defined adjacent to or along the midline of the user 10's head.

[0453] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include a USB port for attaching auxiliary components. The auxiliary components may include, for example, auxiliary sensors, auxiliary electrodes, and other auxiliary components that provide additional functionality.

[0454] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be configured to operate in conjunction with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine. In such embodiments, a nasal cannula flow sensor may provide real-time feedback to the wearable device 100, which may then transmit this real-time feedback to the CPAP machine or instruct the CPAP machine to modulate its operation. The CPAP machine may be configured to dynamically respond to nasal cannula flow rate data. Such embodiments may utilize additional feedback from the user 10 to notify the dynamic CPAP machine to respond.

[0455] In some embodiments, the device includes an audio transmitter. In some embodiments, the audio transmitter is selected from a loudspeaker, a bone conduction transducer, a piezoelectric transducer, or a combination thereof.

[0456] In various embodiments, wearable device 100 may include a tracker or other sensors, input devices, and output devices. In some embodiments, for example, the tracker is an inertial sensor for measuring the motion of device 100. It detects the 3D coordinates of wearable device 100 and accordingly detects the position, orientation, or motion of its user. The tracker, for example, includes one or more accelerometers and / or gyroscopes. Wearable device 100 may include touch sensors for receiving touch input from the user and haptic devices for providing vibration and force feedback to the user.

[0457] like Figure 2J As shown, in some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may also include a vibration transducer 3254. The waveform used to generate the vibration can be calculated locally, for example in the electronics module 32, and remotely modulated, for example at a local or remote computing device, as described herein. Thus, conveniently, local rendering can be achieved using external modulation and control.

[0458] In various embodiments, wearable device 100 may include stimulation or feedback components (such as user effectors) to vibrate or provide some audio or visual feedback to user 10. For example, a speaker (such as a waveguide speaker) may be integrated into the body 111 of wearable device 100. Vibration-haptic feedback sources may also be integrated into the body 111. In some embodiments, a bone conductor transducer may be implemented in the body 111.

[0459] The stimulation component may also include effectors for any of the senses (including sound, taste, smell, touch, and vision) and provide feedback to the user.

[0460] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer 3254 is a loudspeaker.

[0461] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer 3254 generates physical vibrations.

[0462] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer 3254 is a microphone.

[0463] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer 3254 is placed on the body near the user's ear.

[0464] In some embodiments, the vibration transducer is positioned on the front of the body near the user's head. In some embodiments, the vibration transducer is positioned on the body near the user's bones, which allows for the convenient pickup of more sound transmitted through the body compared to sound transmitted through the air.

[0465] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include a plurality of vibrating transducers for beamforming. In some embodiments, the plurality of vibrating transducers is a microphone array for locating sound from a certain direction.

[0466] like Figure 2J As shown, in some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include a sensor 3260 capable of detecting temperature, such as user temperature. Some embodiments may be configured to detect relative temperature changes. Temperature detection may be performed using an infrared temperature sensor or a thermistor.

[0467] In some embodiments, the thermistor (which may be flexible) may be integrated into the body 111 or the flexible PCB in the wearable device 100.

[0468] Such thermistors can be used to detect relative temperature or temperature changes. Therefore, changes in a user's temperature over time can be detected. In some embodiments, they can be calibrated to detect changes in an individual's absolute body heat.

[0469] Thermistors can also be used to detect ambient temperature in the environment.

[0470] Temperature sensing performed by a thermistor can provide useful information about a user’s sleep quality, such as if the user is too hot or too cold to sleep comfortably, for example by correlating temperature with sleep quality.

[0471] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include a vibration transducer 3254 (e.g., a microphone or other audio detection device) which may be used to measure a user's snoring or detect sleep apnea and timestamps. In some embodiments, a bone conduction microphone may be used to detect a user's snoring. In some embodiments, the microphone mounted on the wearable device 100 is configured to focus on sound originating from the user 10.

[0472] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be configured (e.g., via an onboard microphone or other means) to detect when a user snores and send stimuli (e.g., light, sound, electric shock, or vibration) to wake the user. Thus, the user's snoring may be intentionally disrupted. Such disruption can be done in a manner that does not significantly interrupt the user's sleep.

[0473] like Figure 39A and 39BAs shown, in some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may include a touchpad location 390. The touchpad location 390 may include a touchpad sensor 392 disposed between a fabric layer 394 and two foam layers 396, 398 and connected to an electronics module 32. The touchpad sensor 392 may be used, for example, via the electronics module 32 to control various settings of the wearable device 100, such as the volume of the sound generation component.

[0474] Figure 40 The illustration depicts an object with, for example, a finger 400 used by user 10. Figure 39A and 39B A cross-sectional side view of the wearable device 100 at touchpad location 390. As shown, the touchpad sensor 392 can be bent between foam layers.

[0475] Figure 41 This is a schematic perspective view of a wearable device 100 having an extendable, stretchable forehead contact portion 12 with a main body 111, in which a flexible array 410 of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be disposed. Figure 42 As shown, part 12, together with the OLED flexible array 410, can be folded downwards for viewing by user 10. The OLED flexible array 410 can be integrated into the fabric of the body 111.

[0476] The flexible OLED array 410 can provide light emission to the user 10. The wearable device 100 can use the light emission to apply light stimulation to the user 10. The light stimulation can be applied by a single LED, a group of LEDs providing color stimulation, the flexible OLED array 410, or a light emitter that forms an image on the user 10's retina. The light stimulation can be applied dynamically, with different light emission applied to the user 10's field of vision. In some embodiments, this can enable scene or visual information to be presented to the user. In some embodiments, this can be used to convey complex information to the user. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 is equipped with an eye-tracking sensor, and the user 10 can engage with a menu presented through the flexible OLED array 410 through their eye movements (e.g., the user 10 can view an option and blink to select it).

[0477] Dynamic light stimulation provided by the flexible OLED array 410 can be used to wake the user 10. For example, the flexible OLED array 410 can simulate sunrise to gently wake the user 10. In other embodiments, if the wearable device 100 detects snoring, it can apply dynamic light stimulation to wake the user and stop snoring without disrupting their sleep. In some embodiments, the flexible OLED array 410 can present a scene to train the user 10 to fall asleep. In some embodiments, the flexible OLED array 410 can present dynamic light stimulation to wake the user 10 while in a dream state to initiate a lucid dream session. The dynamic light stimulation can be applied to the user 10 and modulated according to an algorithmically tuned protocol based in part on biological signal feedback from the user 10, such as a cyclical pattern of light stimulation with a frequency adjusted relative to the user's neural oscillation pattern.

[0478] Figure 43A It is illustrated as Figure 43B The diagram shows a top view of an airbag 430 integrated into the body 111 of the wearable device 100. The airbag 430 can hold a gas or fluid, such as air. The airbag 430 can be used to allow the wearable device 100 to conform to different areas of the user 10's head. Adding air to certain areas allows for better contact of electrodes or conductive sensors (such as biosignal sensors 20, 22) on the user 10. The airbag 430 can be controlled by a valve configuration and actuated by pressure from the user 10 on the airbag.

[0479] In some embodiments, inflating the air in one bladder 430 can reduce the air in another segment or bladder 430.

[0480] In some embodiments, when the wearable device 100 is on the head of the user 10, the airbag 430 may pulsate to provide a massage effect to the user 10.

[0481] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be configured for synchronization between sensors.

[0482] For example, wearable device 100 or associated remote or local computing device can synchronize data capture with light entering the user's eyes (such as changes in lighting) or with sounds the user may hear.

[0483] In another example, a microphone on a local computing device, such as a user's mobile phone, can be used to capture ambient sounds and timestamps. In some embodiments, a conventional microphone can be used to capture ambient sounds.

[0484] In one example, samples of light signals received from the optical sensor 3216 can be up to 4 kHz and used to synchronize visual or audio stimuli.

[0485] In some embodiments, synchronization can be timed using local events such as sound intensity and light intensity.

[0486] In a typical use case, the wearable device 100 can be used to generate a feedback loop, thereby applying stimulation to the user and using various sensors such as the biosignal sensor 20 to detect the user's response.

[0487] In one instance, a vibration sensor can be used to train user behavior, such as vibrating when the user is sleeping on their back, or applying electrical stimulation.

[0488] In another use case, wearable device 100 can be configured to control the user's environment. For example, wearable device 100 can be used to detect temperature using a thermistor or suitable components and report the temperature back to the device to control the temperature in the room, or to detect and / or control the temperature of a pillow or bed to modulate the temperature based on the user's sleep stage.

[0489] In one example, a microphone on a local computing device, such as a user's mobile phone, is used to detect the user's snoring and cause an interruption in an attempt to change the habit. In another example, the environment can be adjusted to heat the bed, thus making the user uncomfortable and causing them to stop snoring.

[0490] Other alterations to the user's environment may include changing the user's balance to make them turn over, connecting to an atomizer to change the scent in the room (e.g., a scent to induce / enhance slow waves), connecting to audio stimulation, or connecting to other devices to control the environment.

[0491] Therefore, based on biosignals, the wearable device 100 can be used to control the surrounding environment.

[0492] The physical shape factor of the wearable device 100 makes it suitable for use during sleep and allows for the study of how people move and their biosignal data during sleep.

[0493] On one hand, wearable devices can be used to acquire biosignal data during sleep. For example, a baseline can be established for what is considered "ideal" sleep. A user's biosignals can be compared to the baseline to establish a sleep score based on deviations from the baseline (such as deviations in signal amplitude or the time it takes for signal amplitude to meet a baseline threshold). In some embodiments, the biosignal data is timestamped. In some embodiments, biosignals acquired during sleep can be used to improve a user's sleep, for example by providing smart wake-up functionality, waking the user when they are in light sleep, or training the user to sleep better (such as suggesting when the user should sleep based on drowsiness, focus, etc.).

[0494] Analysis of such biosignals and other data can be used to determine the sleep status or score of one or more users.

[0495] In some embodiments, sleep models can be developed for individuals. Such sleep models can allow for instantaneous estimation of what is happening and how a user sleeps, and how the model compares to the population.

[0496] Therefore, it is possible to estimate the probabilities of instantaneous state transitions between various sleep and wakefulness states, based on specific users and user groups. Decisions about how to intervene can be made based on these inputs.

[0497] The guidance for interventions can be communicated using established principles that are statistically correlated with better sleep and methods that have worked in the past.

[0498] Such interventions (such as sleep intervention protocols) can be entirely data-driven (data-driven) or informed by experts, but different protocols can be tested in terms of the ecology of the system and the use of the wearable device 100.

[0499] In some embodiments, an upward and downward voting system may be implemented to allow user groups to manage content (e.g., protocols).

[0500] State transitions can be determined based on data such as biosignal data received from biosignal sensor 20, and used to generate sleep brain models. Such data can also be compared with populations to generate one or more sleep brain models.

[0501] This type of sleep brain model is also applied to the meditative state. For example, a user can be awake or asleep, but can also be in a meditative state while remaining awake.

[0502] In one embodiment, the sleep brain model can be implemented as a Markov model.

[0503] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 is operable to regularize a user's sleep patterns. For example, by accessing a polysomnography, it can be determined what sleep stage the user is in.

[0504] Users can have different sleep patterns, and to regularize these patterns, it may be necessary to stimulate users to extend their sleep states, prompt them to switch sleep states, or return to sleep. Certain sleep patterns are known to be quieter and can improve performance. This can be customized for specific users or based on user groups.

[0505] Depending on the user's location during the journey, the intervention will not have to be the same and can be based in part on the user, the user's history, other similar users, and used to regularize sleep patterns based on stimuli that have been shown to act on other users.

[0506] In practice, the probabilities of a user's state transitions (e.g., from wakefulness to n1, n2) can be determined. These sleep transitions can serve as a baseline fingerprint of how a user sleeps and allow for the development of sleep transition models, sleep models, or sleep brain models. Such models can be compared with state transition models of other individuals and provide indications of when to intervene.

[0507] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be used to develop sleep algorithm protocols and track a user’s sleep characteristics, such as REM sleep.

[0508] In this example, the wearable device 100 can be used as a sleep monitor or to help train a user to sleep with a certain rhythm. It can carry brainwaves in the range of 13 Hz to 15 Hz, allowing users to fall asleep faster at night and maintain some improvement in declarative memory.

[0509] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be used to incorporate a biofeedback system. This may not be limited to just brain state, but can examine other biosignals (e.g., heart rate) as described herein.

[0510] In this example, a phase-locked loop (PLL) (measurement phase calibration) can be used to influence the user's state, and the PLL is built together with the user in the PLL.

[0511] In some embodiments, a user may be “slipped” into sleep, or audio or other stimuli may be used to help “train” the user to sleep (e.g., by using a repeatable mantra).

[0512] Such straps can be based in part on the user's sensed body or head position or orientation.

[0513] Many signals (brain, heart) can be measured, and then one or more biosignals (e.g., the joint space between the heart and brain) can be controlled / stimulated. Sensor measurements can be performed on multiple biosignals and biosignal types, and are not limited to the brain, but can also be respiratory, heart, mouth, etc.

[0514] In this instance, a user's breathing can affect the heart / brain. Therefore, if one biological signal is carried along, it may affect another biological signal (e.g., heart rate), and the brain state is ultimately affected as well; for example, using breathing to affect the heart can affect the brain.

[0515] like Figure 50 As shown, the wearable device 100 or sensors (such as one or more of the biosignal sensors 20 of the wearable device 100) can communicate with the local computing device 130, for example, via communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE or 5G networks or other suitable communication protocols. The local device 130 communicates with the remote computing device 150 via network 140.

[0516] Network 140 can be, for example, a packet-switched network, such as a LAN, WAN, public internet, virtual private network (VPN), etc.

[0517] The local computing device 130 may be, for example, a mobile device. Examples of mobile devices include, but are not limited to, cellular phones, cellular smartphones, wireless organizers, pagers, personal digital assistants, computers, laptops, handheld wireless communication devices, wirelessly enabled laptop computers, portable gaming devices, tablet computers, or any other portable electronic device with processing and communication capabilities. In at least some embodiments, the mobile device as referred to herein may also include, but is not limited to, peripheral devices such as displays, printers, touchscreens, projectors, digital watches, cameras, digital scanners, and other types of auxiliary devices capable of communicating with another computing device.

[0518] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 includes a communicator 3230 for transmitting data to a computing device. In some embodiments, the computing device is a local computing device 130. In some embodiments, the computing device is a remote computing device 150.

[0519] In some embodiments, the communicator 3230 communicates with the computing device over the Bluetooth communication protocol.

[0520] In some embodiments, the communicator 3230 communicates with the computing device over a Wi-Fi communication protocol.

[0521] In one example, the local computing device 130 may be a smartphone. In another example, the local computing device 130 may be a touchscreen-enabled device and other types of communication devices (e.g., a router) for connecting to other devices. Obviously, other types of computing devices that benefit from interconnectivity and interoperability are conceivable.

[0522] The remote computing device 150 may be a computing device connected via network 140 to wearable device 100 and / or local computing device 130 to perform any of the functions described herein, such as a cloud computing device.

[0523] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 may be configured to receive user input via local computing device 130. In these embodiments, the user can customize the functionality provided by wearable device 100 by manipulating local computing device 130. For example, the user can select the type of stimulation that wearable device 100 will apply and what event the wearable device 100 will use to trigger the stimulation. In some embodiments, the user can select or deselect certain functionalities that can be provided by wearable device 100 (e.g., snoring relief, lucid dreaming assistance, and sleep aid). In other embodiments, the user can record words or phrases on local computing device 130 for use as stimuli by wearable device 100.

[0524] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 may be configured to serve as an interface to local computing device 130. Local computing device 130 may be configured to respond to voluntary user actions (e.g., eye movements) and involuntary user actions (e.g., detecting when user 10 needs to focus and, for example, lowering the volume on the device). In some embodiments, all docking modes with wearable device 100 may be used to dock with local computing device 130.

[0525] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 may monitor the cognitive load of user 10. In some applications, such as during sports, flying an aircraft, or performing surgery, brief periods of inattention can be catastrophic. In some embodiments, wearable device 100 may be configured to detect when the user is engaged in an activity requiring high cognitive load and dynamically adjust the environment to reduce distraction (e.g., temporarily suspending notifications to local computing device 130). In embodiments involving alternative reality or virtual reality experiences (e.g., via wearable device 100 or local computing device 130), wearable device 100 may reduce distraction by modulating the environment (e.g., reducing the salience of distracting visual stimuli). In some embodiments, wearable device 100 may mask distracting auditory stimuli by applying noise reduction techniques or by covering sound (e.g., covering distracting conversations in ambient conversational noise).

[0526] In some embodiments, multiple wearable devices 100 may be configured to communicate with each other via a network 140. In such embodiments, wearable devices 100 may be configured to synchronize users who are not physically close to each other. Synchronization may be achieved by applying similar incentives to different users or by applying similar incentive protocols that can be implemented to achieve a synchronized target state among different users. Long-distance couples may use such embodiments to simulate the experience of being together. Such embodiments may optionally allow different users to communicate with each other visually and / or verbally.

[0527] In some embodiments, multiple wearable devices 100 can be configured to provide feedback on a user team. These embodiments can be used to monitor the productivity or creativity of a user team. In some embodiments, the wearable devices' system can signal to the team (e.g., via light or audio cues, or via an external device) that the team members need a break.

[0528] In some embodiments, multiple wearable devices 100 may communicate with a local computing device 130 that provides entertainment to a group of users. The local computing device 130 may modulate the presented content based on aggregated feedback from users. For example, a television may modulate the program plot based on biosignal feedback from users wearing the wearable devices 100.

[0529] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 can transmit a user's current state (e.g., boredom, arousal, or pain) to others. In some embodiments, this information can be transmitted to a group (e.g., via a light indicator on wearable device 100). In other embodiments where a specific member of the group coordinates a team experience (e.g., a DJ, host, or dummy), the information can be transmitted only to that specific person (e.g., via remote computing device 150).

[0530] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be used to detect the user's state and predictively group the user with other individuals (e.g., open a communication channel between the user and other individuals or place the user and other individuals in a virtual setting). Predictive placement can be based in part on the individual's current state and the state the individual is striving for.

[0531] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be used to predict student-teacher groupings that will lead to effective education for students. Such groupings can be predicted in part based on the user status of students and teachers and their historical data based on past observations.

[0532] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 can aggregate information from different users via network 140 and provide information about demographic biosignal feedback data. Such feedback can be provided, for example, via local computing device 130. For example, such a system could express that, generally, everyone in the city is happier today than yesterday (e.g., “NYC is happy today”).

[0533] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 can be implemented in a clinical setting. Wearable device 100 can provide a means of remotely monitoring patients. Such remote monitoring can provide detailed feedback to caregivers or practitioners (e.g., via a telecomputing device) or simple indications of the patient's condition (e.g., providing audio or visual cues to indicate the condition via an external device). In these embodiments, wearable device 100 can be used for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep disorders, neurotoxicity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy). Wearable device 100 can also be used to monitor ongoing conditions or situations (e.g., medication administration, pregnancy, addiction management).

[0534] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be configured to provide rapid and reliable emergency diagnosis to emergency medical responders. Such embodiments can be configured to operate and provide feedback using only the wearable device 100, or they can be integrated into the medical infrastructure of a hospital or ambulance system.

[0535] Some embodiments of wearable device 100 are configured as a child monitoring system for infants or toddlers. The system may also include an external device that can indicate the current state of the child user to parents or caregivers. Such an external device can provide audio or visual indications of sleep or well-being (e.g., a light that becomes brighter when the child user is sleeping well). In some embodiments, wearable device 100 can detect the child user's sleep state and transmit this information to parents if the child user is experiencing an emotional event that may precede a sleep disorder. This can notify parents or caregivers that the child user needs comfort or quiet to avoid sleep disturbances.

[0536] Such systems can implement infant- or child-specific protocols during condition analysis. These systems can effectively detect infant- or child-specific conditions (e.g., Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).

[0537] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be used to monitor a user suffering from epilepsy. The wearable device 100 can be configured to predict and warn the user when a seizure will occur. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can apply stimulation to the user 10 in an attempt to prevent a seizure. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be configured to warn an external device of an impending seizure (e.g., a caregiver monitoring device or a vehicle subsequently operated by the user).

[0538] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be implemented in modular treatment delivery. In these embodiments, the wearable device 100 can monitor feedback from the user 10. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can detect when the glucose level of the user with the artificial pancreas drops and modulate the user's glucose level accordingly. Such modulation can help ensure quiet sleep.

[0539] In a clinical setting, wearable device 100 can communicate with telecomputing device 150 forming a clinical system. The clinical system may also include external medical devices that can send and receive information to and from wearable device 100 and telecomputing device 150. For example, wearable device 100 can detect feedback from user 10 and transmit it to an external medical device that can act on that feedback. Alternatively, external medical devices can detect feedback from user 10 and transmit that information to wearable device 100, which can then apply stimulation to user 10 (e.g., applying light stimulation to wake the user from sleep).

[0540] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be configured to provide feedback to external caregivers. Such feedback may be provided via a telecomputing device 150. Alternatively, feedback may be provided to caregivers via light or sound emissions from the wearable device 100. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may trigger an alarm via an alarm system when the user 10 is in crisis or exhibits a feedback pattern indicating an impending crisis. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may alert caregivers when the user 10 is experiencing pain or exhibits feedback indicating they may require caregiver assistance.

[0541] Wearable device 100 may be equipped with an emergency call button. The emergency call button can alert caregivers or practitioners to a threat to the user experience. Wearable device 100 may be configured to open a communication line between the user and caregivers or practitioners. The emergency call button may be configured to alert emergency services to an emergency.

[0542] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 can be implemented in a system configured to annotate feedback data for easy viewing. Such a system may also include a telecomputing device 150. In these embodiments, the system can receive biosignal feedback from the user 10 and annotate that feedback in real time. Such annotation may be driven by a static protocol or by a dynamic adaptive protocol in response to the user's biosignal. The system may also include manual annotation methods to indicate when an event (e.g., medication administration) occurs or when a subjective state (e.g., pain or effective treatment) is experienced. In some embodiments using a dynamic adaptive protocol, the protocol may accept and be adapted for manual annotation, and in some embodiments, learning to perform such annotation automatically.

[0543] Manual annotation can be used to objectify a subjective user experience. For example, a user can annotate feedback using their subjective pain experience. A system implementing wearable device 100 can detect and monitor biosignal feedback from the user. This system can process and evaluate the biosignal feedback to analyze biomarkers suitable for an objective agent of the subjective user experience. The identification of such biomarkers can be used to research and / or treat various conditions.

[0544] These systems can be effectively used to treat and monitor conditions that may partially feature sleep disorders (such as multiple sclerosis, depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep disorders, neurotoxicity, stroke, or traumatic brain injury). They can also be used to monitor patients with chronic pain, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or those undergoing chemotherapy. Furthermore, these systems can be used for treatment and monitoring in fields such as obstetrics, urology, and endocrinology.

[0545] This system can undergo machine learning to diagnose various conditions based on characteristic user biosignal feedback. By dynamically learning the user's response to certain stimuli and applying those stimuli to guide the user through health experiences (e.g., applying stimulation during sleep to disrupt disordered sleep behavior), the system can be used for therapy. By comparing the user's state based on biosignal feedback with typical state patterns exhibited by others with similar conditions, the system can be used to monitor the condition and alert caregivers or practitioners to significant deviations in the state. Such a system can dynamically adapt to and learn from the user as the wearable device 100 observes them.

[0546] Such systems can be useful in pain relief treatment, where they can provide users and / or practitioners with objective measurements to determine the subjective distress a user is experiencing. This understanding can help users determine whether and when they will self-administer pain medication. Such systems can also connect users with other users within a support team capacity. Similar systems can be used for addiction management.

[0547] In some embodiments, the system can guide a user (or a team of users) through a therapeutically transformative conscious experience (e.g., a psychedelic experience, meditation, or mystical experience). In these embodiments, the system can allow the user to process emotions safely and effectively. In some embodiments, the system can monitor the user's current state based on biosignal feedback and provide feedback to a human guide. In some embodiments, the guide can monitor the user 10 via a remote computing device 150. In some embodiments, the user 10 can have this experience at home.

[0548] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 may calibrate to a base state of user 10 (e.g., based on the user's meditation state). If wearable device 100 detects that user 10 is experiencing emotional distress exceeding an allowed threshold, wearable device 100 may set that base state as the target state.

[0549] In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may be programmed to remember a target protocol experience that defines a typical user experience when engaging in a therapeutically altered conscious experience. The target protocol may include a target user state (protocol profile) that changes over time. As the user engages in a therapeutically altered conscious experience, the protocol may be further adapted and modulated based on biosignal feedback from the user. The adaptive protocol may define what physical and / or emotional reactions from the user 10 are typical, atypical, or worrying. The protocol may determine what emotional experiences are too distressing for the user 10 and, in some embodiments, may alert an external guide or, in some embodiments, stimulate the user 10 to enter a basic state. In some embodiments, a representation of the protocol profile may be transmitted to the user along with an indication of the profile the user is in.

[0550] In embodiments where the experience of therapeutically altered consciousness is partially facilitated by a psychoactive therapeutic agent, the wearable device 100 may detect whether and when the user requires a higher dose of the therapeutic agent, based in part on the user's biosignal feedback. In some embodiments, the wearable device 100 may instruct an external or integrated dosing device to increase the dose administered to the user.

[0551] In some embodiments, wearable device 100 may record biosignal feedback data of a user 10’s experience of therapeutic altered consciousness. This recorded data may be selected by user 10 to be copied by wearable device 100. For example, if user 10 experiences a Nirvana state, user 10 may use the recording of that session to generate a target protocol to guide future experiences of therapeutic altered consciousness back to a Nirvana state.

[0552] One or more of the wearable device 100, local device 130, or remote device 150 may implement a computing device, such as... Figure 51 The computing device 120 shown.

[0553] The systems and methods described herein may be implemented as software and / or hardware, for example, performed by one or more computing devices 120 on one or more of wearable device 100, local computing device 130, or remote computing device 150.

[0554] As shown in the figure, the computing device 120 includes one or more processors 210, memory 220, network controller 230 and one or more I / O interfaces 240 that communicate via bus 250.

[0555] Processor 210 can be one or more Intel x86, Intel x64, AMD x86-64, PowerPC, ARM processors, etc.

[0556] Memory 220 may include random access memory, read-only memory, or permanent storage such as a hard disk or solid-state drive. Read-only memory or permanent storage is computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be organized using a file system and controlled and managed by an operating system that manages the overall operation of the computing device.

[0557] The network controller 230 serves as a communication device for interconnecting a computing device with one or more computer networks, such as a local area network (LAN) or the Internet.

[0558] One or more I / O interfaces 240 can be used to interconnect the computing device with peripheral devices such as, for example, a keyboard, mouse, or video display. Such peripheral devices may include the display of device 120. Optionally, network controller 230 may be accessed via one or more I / O interfaces.

[0559] Software instructions are executed by processor 210 from a computer-readable medium. For example, software may be loaded from permanent memory of memory 220 or from one or more devices via I / O interface 240 into random access memory for execution by one or more processors 210. As another example, software may be loaded and executed directly from read-only memory by one or more processors 210.

[0560] The instance software components and data stored in the memory 220 of the computing device 120 may include software for applying biosignal analysis as described herein, as well as operating system (OS) software that allows basic communication and application operations associated with the computing device 120.

[0561] It should be understood that any module or component of the executable instructions illustrated herein may include or otherwise access computer-readable media, such as storage media, computer storage media, or data storage devices (removable and / or non-removable), such as, for example, magnetic disks, optical disks, magnetic tapes, and other forms of computer-readable media. Computer storage media may include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented using any method or technique for storing information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray disc or other optical storage devices, magnetic tape cassettes, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible by an application, module, or both. Any such computer storage media may be part of, or accessible to, a mobile device, tracking module, object tracking application, etc., or may be connected to or have access to them. Any application or module described herein may be implemented using computer-readable / executable instructions that can be stored or otherwise maintained by such computer-readable media.

[0562] Therefore, those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications and alterations to specific embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure, the scope of which is defined only by the appended claims.

[0563] In another aspect, this disclosure provides systems, apparatus, methods, and computer programming products for implementing such methods and achieving the aforementioned functionality, including non-transitory machine-readable instruction sets.

[0564] Although this disclosure has been described and illustrated in an exemplary form with a certain degree of specificity, it should be noted that the description and illustrations have been made by way of example only. Many changes can be made to the construction and combination of components and steps, as well as the details of their arrangement. Therefore, such changes are intended to be included herein, the scope of which is defined by the claims.

[0565] Except for the extent explicitly stated or inherent in the described processes (including any optional steps or components thereof), no desired order, sequence, or combination is intended or implied. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, extensive variations are possible, and even advantageous, in various cases, with respect to the processes and any systems, apparatuses, etc., described herein, without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined solely by the claims.

[0566] Of course, the above embodiments are intended to be illustrative only and are by no means limiting. The described embodiments are readily adaptable to numerous modifications in form, component arrangement, details, and operating sequence. This disclosure is intended to cover all such modifications within the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A wearable device, comprising: A flexible and extendable body that is configured to surround the user; Electronic module; The inner earpiece is configured to contact the auricle of the user's ear and transmit electrical stimulation to the user.

2. The wearable device according to claim 1, wherein, The earpiece is configured to transmit the electrical stimulation to the user's vagus nerve.

3. The wearable device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The earpiece also includes a conductive sensor to receive biosignals from the user.

4. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The earpiece receives electrical signals via a transmission line that is directly or indirectly connected to the electronic module.

5. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The wearable device also includes a vibration transducer.

6. The wearable device according to claim 5, wherein, The vibration transducer is spaced apart from the inner earpiece and transmits audio signals to the inner earpiece through a hollow tube.

7. The wearable device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The vibration transducer receives audio signals using an audio transmission line that is directly or indirectly connected to the electronic module.

8. The wearable device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein, The vibration transducer includes at least one of a loudspeaker, a microphone, and a physical vibrator.

9. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The earpiece is supported by a closed-loop frame.

10. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The earpiece is supported by an open-loop frame.

11. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The earpiece receives signals from the electronic module to deliver electrical stimulation to the user.

12. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The electronic module communicates with the computing device via a network.

13. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The wearable device also includes an optical sensor disposed on the electronic module, the optical sensor being configured to perform at least one of the following functions: Compression of the body is detected at least in part based on the detected reflection distance of light reflected into the optical sensor; as well as Additional biosignals are detected at least in part based on the detected reflection distance of light reflected into the optical sensor or the measured color and intensity of light reflected into the optical sensor.

14. The wearable device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The wearable device also includes a biosignal sensor disposed on the flexible and extendable body.

15. The wearable device according to claim 14, wherein, The electronic module has a concave surface between a first end and a second end opposite to the first end; The first end is attached to the flexible and extendable body at a first connection point at the first end of the concave surface via a first flexible retaining mount, so as to allow the flexible and extendable body to rotate about a first axis relative to the electronic module and to transfer tension from the flexible and extendable body radially from the first axis to the electronic module. The second end is attached to the flexible and extendable body at the second connection point of the second end of the concave surface by a second flexible retaining mount, so as to allow the flexible and extendable body to rotate about the second axis relative to the electronic module and to transfer tension from the flexible and extendable body radially from the second axis to the electronic module; The first connection point and the second connection point are positioned spaced apart on the flexible and extendable body, such that the electronic module generates tension in the portion of the flexible and extendable body between the first connection point and the second connection point, and the concave space is defined by the concave surface and the surface of the portion of the flexible and extendable body between the first connection point and the second connection point. The biosignal sensor is disposed on the flexible and extendable body between the first and second connection points to contact at least a portion of the user's portion and receive biosignals from the user. When the flexible and extendable body extends for wear by the user with the electronic module attached: Tension is applied to the electronic module from the flexible and extendable body through the first and second flexible retaining mounts to pull the electronic module toward the user. The portion of the flexible and extendable body between the first connection point and the second connection point rotates toward the concave space and enters the concave space. Tension in the portion of the flexible and extendable body between the first and second connection points pushes the biosignal sensor against the user's portion.

Images