Ultralow-temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite drawing forming method and device for high-strength aluminum alloy sheet
By using a combined cryogenic and ultrasonic vibration deep drawing method, the problems of low forming limit and severe springback of high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets have been solved. This method achieves high plasticity forming and improved surface quality, reduces forming load, and extends mold life. It is suitable for lightweight structures in the aerospace and new energy vehicle fields.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511897602.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
High-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets have problems such as low forming limit, easy cracking, severe springback and mold wear during the forming process. The forming difficulty increases significantly, especially when forming complex local geometric features such as small rounded corners. In addition, high-temperature forming has problems of high energy consumption and long cycle.
The method of deep drawing using a combination of cryogenic and ultrasonic vibration involves applying ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 15-40kHz and an amplitude of 5-20μm in a cryogenic environment of -120℃ to -196℃, combined with a cryogenic cooling medium, to synergistically improve plasticity, suppress springback, and reduce forming load.
It achieves the high plasticity forming limit of high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets, suppresses springback, improves surface quality and extends mold life, while avoiding the high energy consumption and heat treatment distortion problems of high-temperature forming, thus realizing green precision forming.
Smart Images
Figure CN121589167A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal sheet plastic processing technology, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets using ultra-low temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite. Background Technology
[0002] High-strength aluminum alloys, due to their high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and excellent corrosion resistance, have become key materials for lightweight structures in aerospace, new energy vehicles, and other fields. As equipment develops towards lightweight and integrated designs, components are exhibiting characteristics such as thin walls, irregular shapes, high strength, and high precision. The forming difficulty increases significantly, especially when there are complex local geometric features such as small fillets. Traditional room-temperature forming is prone to cracking and has a low forming limit; while high-temperature forming can improve plasticity, it easily causes structural damage and heat treatment distortion, and also suffers from high energy consumption and long cycle times.
[0003] Cryogenic forming utilizes the "double increase effect" of elongation and hardening index that occurs in aluminum alloys below the critical temperature (e.g., -120℃), which can improve forming limits and wall thickness uniformity. However, it also brings problems such as increased deformation resistance and exacerbated springback. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted forming reduces flow stress and releases residual stress through high-frequency mechanical vibration, but its improvement on the intrinsic plasticity of the material is limited. Currently, there are no reports of the synergistic application of cryogenic forming and ultrasonic vibration processes in the deep drawing of high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets, and there is a lack of composite forming schemes that can simultaneously improve plasticity, suppress springback, and reduce forming load. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method and apparatus for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets using a cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite process. This invention primarily utilizes the synergistic effect of cryogenic temperature and ultrasonic vibration to simultaneously improve the forming limit of high-strength aluminum alloys, suppress springback, improve surface quality, and reduce forming load.
[0005] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows: A method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets using a cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite process includes the following steps: S1. Low temperature pretreatment: The high-strength aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to low temperature precooling treatment by immersing the sheet in a low temperature medium or placing it in a low temperature medium spray environment. S2. Cryogenic-Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Deep Drawing: After cryogenic pre-cooling treatment, the pre-cooled sheet is quickly transferred to the mold cavity; at the same time as the punch starts to move, the ultrasonic vibration system integrated on the key components of the mold is activated to apply ultrasonic vibration to the sheet; while the ultrasonic vibration continues, the punch performs forming according to the set stroke; during the forming process, cryogenic cooling medium can be continuously or intermittently supplied to the area of severe deformation of the sheet, so that the sheet can basically maintain a cryogenic state during plastic deformation. S3, Ultrasonic Vibration-Temperature Rise Treatment: After the deep drawing punch reaches the set stroke, it remains stationary, the supply of ultra-low temperature cooling medium is stopped, and the ultra-low temperature cooling medium is quickly discharged, so that the part temperature gradually rises to room temperature, while ultrasonic vibration is continuously applied to the key parts of the part. S4. Ultrasonic vibration aging treatment: After the part temperature rises back to room temperature, the drawing punch remains stationary, and ultrasonic vibration is continuously applied to the key parts of the part. After a short period of ultrasonic vibration aging treatment, the residual stress is fully released, and a high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled component with precise dimensions is obtained.
[0006] Furthermore, in S1, after the ultra-low temperature pre-cooling treatment, the overall temperature of the sheet material is uniformly reduced to below -120°C.
[0007] Furthermore, after the ultra-low temperature pre-cooling treatment, the overall temperature of the sheet material drops to -120℃ to -196℃.
[0008] Furthermore, the cryogenic medium is liquid nitrogen.
[0009] Furthermore, in S2, the ultrasonic vibration system operates at a frequency of 15kHz to 40kHz and has an amplitude of 5μm to 20μm.
[0010] Furthermore, in S2, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the punch, the pressure ring, and / or the die to apply ultrasonic vibration to the sheet metal.
[0011] Furthermore, the key parts of the components in S3 and S4 are determined based on the stress state during the forming process and the geometry and size of the components.
[0012] This invention also provides a cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing apparatus for high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets, and the above-mentioned cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing method for high-strength aluminum alloy thin sheets includes: The cryogenic pretreatment device includes an insulated box containing a cryogenic medium, wherein the cryogenic medium is liquid nitrogen; A cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration-assisted deep drawing forming device includes a lower insulation box, a die, a blank holder, an upper insulation box, a punch, a support fixture, a press, an ultrasonic vibration system, and a cryogenic treatment device. The die is positioned above the lower insulation box, the blank holder is positioned directly above the die, the upper insulation box is positioned above the blank holder, and the sheet metal is placed between the die and the blank holder. The punch is connected to the ultrasonic vibration system, the ultrasonic vibration system is connected to the support fixture, the support fixture is connected to the press, and the cryogenic treatment device is connected to the lower and upper insulation boxes.
[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration system includes an amplitude transformer, an ultrasonic transducer, and an ultrasonic power supply. The amplitude transformer is connected to a support fixture, one end of which is connected to a punch, and the other end is connected to the ultrasonic transducer. The ultrasonic transducer is electrically connected to the ultrasonic power supply.
[0014] Furthermore, the cryogenic treatment equipment includes a Dewar jar, which is connected to a main pipe, and the main pipe is connected to multiple branch pipes, each of which is equipped with a flow valve; The lower insulation box has a receiving cavity at the bottom center and receiving grooves on the upper surfaces of both sides that are in contact with the concave mold. The wall of the lower insulation box has flow channels that communicate with the receiving cavity and the receiving grooves. The branch pipes are connected to the receiving cavity and the receiving grooves through the flow channels respectively. The lower surfaces of the upper insulation box that are in contact with the pressure ring on both sides are provided with lower grooves, and the wall of the upper insulation box is provided with a flow channel that communicates with the lower groove. The branch pipe is connected to the lower groove through the flow channel.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention achieves synergistic plasticization and load reduction: The ultra-low temperature environment (-120℃ to -196℃) fully stimulates the "dual-increasing effect" of high-strength aluminum alloys, releasing their plastic potential; simultaneously, the synchronously applied ultrasonic vibration (frequency 15-40kHz, amplitude 5-20μm) effectively reduces the macroscopic flow stress and interfacial friction coefficient of the material under ultra-low temperature conditions through volume and surface effects. The synergistic effect of these two factors achieves high plasticity while alleviating the problems of surging equipment tonnage requirements and accelerated mold wear caused by ultra-low temperatures.
[0016] 2. This invention can effectively suppress springback: The softening effect and microscopic plastic deformation caused by ultrasonic vibration interact with the high dislocation density structure formed at ultra-low temperature. In the subsequent "ultrasonic vibration-temperature rise" and "ultrasonic vibration aging" stages, it promotes the redistribution and annihilation of dislocations, thereby releasing macroscopic and microscopic residual stress more fully and effectively suppressing springback, especially the significant springback that is common after ultra-low temperature forming.
[0017] 3. This invention can improve surface quality and extend mold life: The friction-reducing effect of ultrasonic vibration reduces the risk of scratches and roughening on the surface of parts, while significantly reducing mold load. Under ultra-low temperature conditions, the material hardness increases, and this friction-reducing and load-reducing effect is of positive significance for protecting the mold and extending its service life.
[0018] 4. This invention enables green precision forming: The entire process is completed below room temperature, avoiding problems such as oxidation, grain growth, high energy consumption, and distortion caused by high-temperature forming. It is a more promising green precision forming technology.
[0019] Based on the above reasons, this invention can be widely applied in fields such as metal sheet plastic processing. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0021] Figure 1 This invention proposes a high-strength aluminum alloy thin plate for ultra-low temperature testing. A schematic diagram of the ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing method; Figure 2 The present invention relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy thin plate for ultra-low temperature applications. A schematic diagram of the implementation process of the ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing method; Figure 3 The present invention relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy ellipsoidal component for ultra-low temperature applications. A schematic diagram of an ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing forming device.
[0022] In the diagram: 1. Sheet metal; 2. Insulation box; 3. Liquid nitrogen; 4. Lower insulation box; 5. Die; 6. Pressing ring; 7. Upper insulation box; 8. Punch; 9. Amplitude rod; 10. Support fixture; 11. Ultrasonic transducer; 12. Press; 13. Ultrasonic power supply; 14. Dewar jar; 15. Flow valve; 16. Ellipsoidal component. Detailed Implementation
[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.
[0026] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.
[0027] Example 1 This invention provides a method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using a combination of cryogenic and ultrasonic vibration, comprising the following steps: S1. Ultra-low temperature pretreatment: The high-strength aluminum alloy sheet 1 is subjected to ultra-low temperature precooling treatment by immersing it in an ultra-low temperature medium or placing it in an ultra-low temperature medium spray environment, so that the overall temperature of the sheet 1 is uniformly reduced to below -120℃. S2. Cryogenic-Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Deep Drawing: The pre-cooled sheet metal 1 is rapidly transferred to the mold cavity; simultaneously with the start of the punch 8's movement, the ultrasonic vibration system integrated on the key components of the mold is activated. The operating frequency of this system is preferably 15kHz to 40kHz, and the amplitude is 5μm to 20μm; the ultrasonic vibration is preferably applied to the punch 8, the blank holder 6, and / or the die 5 to apply ultrasonic vibration to the sheet metal 1; while the ultrasonic vibration continues, the punch 8 forms according to the set stroke; during the forming process, a cryogenic cooling medium (such as liquid nitrogen vapor) can be continuously or intermittently supplied to the area of severe deformation of the sheet metal 1 to keep the sheet metal 1 basically in a cryogenic state during the plastic deformation process; S3, Ultrasonic Vibration-Temperature Rise Treatment: After the deep drawing punch 8 reaches the set stroke, it remains stationary, the supply of ultra-low temperature cooling medium is stopped, and the ultra-low temperature cooling medium is quickly discharged to allow the part temperature to rise back to room temperature. At the same time, ultrasonic vibration is continuously applied to the key parts of the part. S4. Ultrasonic vibration aging treatment: After the part temperature rises back to room temperature, the drawing punch 8 remains stationary, and ultrasonic vibration is continuously applied to the key parts of the part. After a short period of ultrasonic vibration aging treatment, the residual stress is fully released, and a high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled component with accurate dimensions is obtained. Among them, the cryogenic medium mentioned in S1 is preferably liquid nitrogen 3, and the overall temperature of plate 1 is preferably between -120℃ and -196℃.
[0028] The key parts of the components described in S3 and S4 are determined based on the stress state during the forming process and the geometry and dimensions of the components.
[0029] Example 2 This invention provides a cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing forming device for high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates, which implements a cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing forming method for high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates, including a cryogenic pretreatment device and a cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration assisted deep drawing forming device.
[0030] The cryogenic pretreatment device includes an insulated box 2 containing a cryogenic medium, which is liquid nitrogen 3. The cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration assisted deep drawing forming device includes a lower insulated box 4, a die 5, a pressure ring 6, an upper insulated box 7, a punch 8, a support fixture 10, a press 12, an ultrasonic vibration system, and a cryogenic treatment device. The die 5 is positioned above the lower insulated box 4, the pressure ring 6 is positioned directly above the die 5, the upper insulated box 7 is positioned above the pressure ring 6, the sheet metal 1 is placed between the die 5 and the pressure ring 6, the punch 8 is connected to the ultrasonic vibration system, the ultrasonic vibration system is connected to the support fixture 10, the support fixture 10 is connected to the press 12, and the cryogenic treatment device is connected to the lower insulated box 4 and the upper insulated box 7. The ultrasonic vibration system includes an amplitude transformer 9, an ultrasonic transducer 11, and an ultrasonic power supply 13. The amplitude transformer 9 is connected to the support clamp 10. One end of the amplitude transformer 9 is connected to the punch 8, and the other end is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 11. The ultrasonic transducer 11 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic power supply 13. The cryogenic treatment equipment includes a Dewar jar 14, which is connected to a main pipe. The main pipe is connected to multiple branch pipes, each of which is equipped with a flow valve 15. The lower insulation box 4 has a receiving cavity at its bottom center, and receiving grooves on its upper surfaces that contact the concave mold 5 on both sides. The wall of the lower insulation box 4 has flow channels that communicate with the receiving cavity and receiving grooves. The branch pipes communicate with the receiving cavity and receiving grooves through the flow channels. The upper insulation box 7 has lower grooves on its lower surfaces that contact the pressure ring 6 on both sides. The wall of the upper insulation box 7 has flow channels that communicate with the lower grooves. The branch pipes communicate with the lower grooves through the flow channels.
[0031] The present invention proposes a high-strength aluminum alloy thin plate for ultra-low temperature testing. Ultrasonic vibration combined deep drawing method, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the specific implementation steps are as follows: S1. Cryogenic Pretreatment: High-strength aluminum alloy thin plates are cut into circular plates 1 using wire cutting; plates 1 are immersed in an insulated box 2 containing liquid nitrogen 3 to uniformly lower their overall temperature to the required level. 196℃; simultaneously, the Dewar jar 14 is opened, and the punch 8, pressure ring 6, and die 5 are cooled through the lower insulation box 4 and upper insulation box 7, causing their surface temperatures to drop to 196℃. 196℃; S2, Cryogenic-Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Deep Drawing: The pre-cooled sheet metal 1 is quickly transferred to the upper surface of the die 5; the press 12 is started, driving the support fixture 10 to press down; the support fixture 10 is connected to the flange at the node of the amplitude transformer 9, one end of the amplitude transformer 9 is threaded to the punch 8, and the other end is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 11, which is electrically connected to the ultrasonic power supply 13; the press 12 is started at the same time as the ultrasonic power supply 13 is turned on; the transducer 11 converts the electrical signal into mechanical vibration, which is transmitted to the punch 8 through the amplitude transformer 9; when the punch 8 contacts the sheet metal 1, deep drawing begins, and mechanical vibration is transmitted to the sheet metal 1; the punch 8 continues to descend, and the sheet metal 1 is drawn into the die 5; during the deep drawing process, liquid nitrogen 3 is continuously supplied to the sheet metal 1 through the Dewar canister 14, so that the sheet metal 1 is kept in an ultra-low temperature state during plastic deformation; S3, Ultrasonic Vibration-Temperature Rise Treatment: After the punch 8 reaches the set stroke, it remains stationary and the supply of liquid nitrogen 3 is stopped, so that the temperature of the ellipsoidal part 16 rises back to room temperature. At the same time, the punch 8 continues to perform ultrasonic vibration. S4. Ultrasonic vibration aging treatment: After the temperature of the ellipsoidal part 16 rises back to room temperature, the punch 8 remains stationary and continues to apply ultrasonic vibration to the ellipsoidal part 16 through the punch 8. After a short ultrasonic vibration aging treatment, the residual stress is fully released, and a high-strength aluminum alloy ellipsoidal part 16 with accurate dimensions is obtained.
[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using a combination of ultra-low temperature and ultrasonic vibration, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Low temperature pretreatment: The high-strength aluminum alloy sheet (1) is subjected to low temperature precooling treatment by immersing the sheet (1) in a low temperature medium or placing it in a low temperature medium spray environment. S2, Ultra-low temperature ultrasonic vibration assisted deep drawing: After ultra-low temperature pre-cooling treatment, the pre-cooled sheet (1) is quickly transferred to the mold cavity; at the same time as the punch (8) starts to move, the ultrasonic vibration system integrated on the key components of the mold is started to apply ultrasonic vibration to the sheet (1); while the ultrasonic vibration continues to act, the punch (8) forms according to the set stroke; during the forming process, ultra-low temperature cooling medium can be continuously or intermittently supplied to the area of severe deformation of the sheet (1) so that the sheet (1) basically maintains an ultra-low temperature state during the plastic deformation process; S3, Ultrasonic vibration-temperature rise treatment: After the deep drawing punch (8) reaches the set stroke, it remains stationary, stops supplying the ultra-low temperature cooling medium, and quickly discharges the ultra-low temperature cooling medium so that the part temperature gradually rises back to room temperature, while continuously applying ultrasonic vibration to the key parts of the part. S4. Ultrasonic vibration aging treatment: After the part temperature rises back to room temperature, the drawing punch (8) continues to remain stationary, and ultrasonic vibration is continuously applied to the key parts of the part. After a short period of ultrasonic vibration aging treatment, the residual stress is fully released, and a high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled component with accurate dimensions is obtained.
2. The method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using ultra-low temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, after the ultra-low temperature pre-cooling treatment, the overall temperature of the sheet (1) is uniformly reduced to below -120℃.
3. The method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using ultra-low temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After ultra-low temperature pre-cooling treatment, the overall temperature of the sheet (1) drops to -120℃ to -196℃.
4. The method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using ultra-low temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cryogenic medium is liquid nitrogen (3).
5. The method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using ultra-low temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the ultrasonic vibration system operates at a frequency of 15kHz to 40kHz and an amplitude of 5μm to 20μm.
6. The method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using ultra-low temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the punch (8), the pressure ring (6) and / or the die (5) to apply ultrasonic vibration to the sheet metal (1).
7. The method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using ultra-low temperature-ultrasonic vibration composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The key parts of the components in S3 and S4 are determined based on the stress state during the forming process and the geometry and size of the components.
8. A cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing forming device for high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates, characterized in that, The method for deep drawing high-strength aluminum alloy thin plates using a cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite method as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes: The cryogenic pretreatment device includes an insulated box (2) containing a cryogenic medium, which is liquid nitrogen (3). The cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration assisted deep drawing forming device includes a lower insulation box (4), a die (5), a pressure ring (6), an upper insulation box (7), a punch (8), a support fixture (10), a press (12), an ultrasonic vibration system, and a cryogenic treatment device. The die (5) is located above the lower insulation box (4), the pressure ring (6) is located directly above the die (5), the upper insulation box (7) is located above the pressure ring (6), the sheet metal (1) is placed between the die (5) and the pressure ring (6), the punch (8) is connected to the ultrasonic vibration system, the ultrasonic vibration system is connected to the support fixture (10), the support fixture (10) is connected to the press (12), and the cryogenic treatment device is connected to the lower insulation box (4) and the upper insulation box (7).
9. The high-strength aluminum alloy thin plate cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing forming device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ultrasonic vibration system includes an amplitude transformer (9), an ultrasonic transducer (11), and an ultrasonic power supply (13). The amplitude transformer (9) is connected to a support clamp (10). One end of the amplitude transformer (9) is connected to a punch (8), and the other end is connected to the ultrasonic transducer (11). The ultrasonic transducer (11) is electrically connected to the ultrasonic power supply (13).
10. The high-strength aluminum alloy thin plate cryogenic-ultrasonic vibration composite deep drawing forming device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cryogenic treatment equipment includes a Dewar tank (14), the Dewar tank (14) is connected to a main pipe, the main pipe is connected to multiple branch pipes, and each branch pipe is equipped with a flow valve (15). The lower insulation box (4) has a receiving cavity at the bottom center and receiving grooves on the upper surfaces of both sides that are in contact with the concave mold (5). The wall of the lower insulation box (4) has flow channels that communicate with the receiving cavity and the receiving grooves. The branch pipes are connected to the receiving cavity and the receiving grooves through the flow channels respectively. The lower surfaces of the upper heat preservation box (7) that are in contact with the pressure ring (6) on both sides are provided with lower grooves. The wall of the upper heat preservation box (7) is provided with a flow channel that communicates with the lower groove. The branch pipe is connected to the lower groove through the flow channel.