Camellia seed oil refining method and refining system

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia oleosa seed oil refining method and refining system.The refining system comprises an alkali washing kettle, a hot water washing kettle, a vacuum dehydration kettle, a winterization kettle, a plate and frame type filter, a core filter and the like, and the refining method comprises the steps that after crude oil obtained through squeezing is filtered, an alkaline solution is added for alkali refining and deacidification, and deacidified crude oil is obtained; adding hot water into the deacidified crude oil for washing, and then performing vacuum dehydration to obtain dehydrated crude oil; the method comprises the following steps: putting dehydrated crude oil into a container, filling nitrogen for protection, adding seed crystals and / or lecithin, stirring and mixing, cooling in two stages for winterization treatment, adding an ultrasonic treatment process in the first stage, discharging bottom oil at the bottom of the container after winterization, and collecting the bottom oil as the seed crystals for later use; and filtering, sterilizing, polishing and filtering the remaining oil to obtain the refined camellia oleosa seed oil. According to the method, nutrient substances in the cold-pressed crude oil can be prevented from being damaged or lost in the refining process, and the winterization efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tea seed oil refining technology, specifically relating to a method and system for refining tea seed oil. Background Technology

[0002] Camellia seed oil, also known as tea oil, is a fatty oil extracted from the mature seeds of the Camellia oleifera plant (family Theaceae) through pressing or subcritical low-temperature extraction. Rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and phytosterols, camellia seed oil possesses antioxidant, lipid-regulating, and skin- and hair-care benefits, making it a recognized healthy edible oil. Currently, camellia seed oil production primarily employs hot pressing or cold pressing methods. Cold pressing avoids high-temperature steaming and roasting; during the pressing process, temperature is controlled (usually 60-65℃) to maximize the preservation of the oil's natural nutrients and flavor, resulting in high-quality crude oil. However, this also places higher demands on the refining process. The refining process must remove impurities while maximizing the preservation of natural nutrients. For example, refining steps such as alkali refining, deacidification, deodorization, and decolorization require finding a balance between low temperature and efficiency. Excessively high temperatures can lead to the loss of heat-sensitive nutrients, while at low temperatures, the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent decreases during decolorization, and deodorization can result in incomplete removal of off-odors. Meanwhile, because cold-pressed oils retain more natural antioxidants (such as polyphenols), they are prone to oxidative rancidity at every stage of refining (especially when heating, contact with air, or metal are involved), leading to an increase in the peroxide value of camellia seed oil and a shortened shelf life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to further analyze and optimize the process parameters of each refining step and develop methods and systems suitable for refining cold-pressed crude oil. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention discloses a method and system for refining camellia seed oil, which not only avoids the destruction or loss of nutrients in cold-pressed crude oil during the refining process, but also improves winterization efficiency.

[0004] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: A method for refining camellia seed oil includes the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 60-65℃, add an alkaline solution and treat it at 60-80℃ and stirring speed of 60-70r / min for 40-60min. Then let it stand for 6-8h to separate the solid and liquid to obtain deacidified crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 70-80℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 50-80 r / min, add hot water at 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 5-10% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 5-15 min. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 5-15 r / min and process for 60-90 min. After standing for 20-30 min, drain the water to obtain washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. Then add seed crystals and / or lecithin, stir and mix, and cool to 15-25°C. Then sonicate for 15-30 minutes, and continue stirring for 3-5 hours. Then cool to 5-10°C and stir for 5-8 hours. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment from the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtration, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil.

[0005] Furthermore, in step S1, the alkaline solution is a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 8-15% or a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 8-15%, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.5-0.8% of the crude oil mass. By controlling the amount of alkaline solution used, the alkali refining and deacidification effect can be improved, while avoiding excessive use of alkaline solution, reducing the reaction with neutral triglycerides, and thus reducing refining losses.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S3, the stirring speed is 10–20 r / min; the ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasound with a frequency of 20–40 kHz. During the winterization crystallization process, low-speed stirring can provide an environment for the orderly arrangement of wax / grease molecules while preventing crystal deposition and agglomeration, thus forming ideal crystals that are easy to filter. Low-frequency ultrasound utilizes the instantaneous high pressure and disturbance generated by cavitation to break up large crystals, transforming them into more and smaller crystal nuclei. The strong turbulence and microfluidic effects allow wax / grease molecules in the oil to migrate more quickly to the crystal surface, accelerating crystal growth. This shortens the winterization crystallization time and also yields a large number of small, uniform, spherical crystals.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S3, the amount of seed crystals added is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil; the amount of lecithin added is 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. Adding appropriate seed crystals can dominate the crystallization process, promote crystal formation, and improve winterization efficiency. Adding appropriate lecithin can promote the formation of denser and stronger spherical or granular crystals. If the amount is too low, it will not be able to effectively guide the crystals to form an ideal spherical structure. If the amount is too high, it will cause the crystals to be overly dispersed, resulting in crystals that are too small and soft.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S3, before adding the seed crystals, the seed crystals are stirred at a speed of 50-80 r / min for 5-10 min. Pre-treating the seed crystals before adding them, and breaking up larger crystal clumps through low-speed stirring, yields a seed crystal slurry with uniform composition, which is beneficial for its dispersion in crude oil.

[0009] A camellia seed oil refining system includes an alkaline washing kettle, a hot water washing kettle, a vacuum dehydration kettle, a winterization kettle, a plate and frame filter, and a core filter. Crude oil is sequentially processed through the alkaline washing kettle, hot water washing kettle, vacuum dehydration kettle, winterization kettle, plate and frame filter, and core filter to obtain refined oil. The winterization kettle includes a reaction vessel cylinder, a lid, and a stirring element. The lid is provided at the top of the reaction vessel cylinder, and a stirring element is provided between the reaction vessel cylinder and the lid. The reaction vessel cylinder includes an inner cylinder, a jacket layer, an electric drain valve, and a fastening structure. The jacket layer is fixedly connected to the outside of the inner cylinder, and the electric drain valve is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder in an interconnected manner. A fastening structure is provided on the lower outer side of the inner cylinder. The inner part of the cover is equipped with a stirring component, which includes a shaft, a column, an inclined rod, a blade, and an umbrella frame. The bottom end of the shaft is fixedly connected to the column, and the outside of the column is fixedly connected to symmetrically distributed inclined rods. One end of the inclined rod is fixedly connected to the blade, and the bottom end of the column is fixedly connected to the umbrella frame. The fastening structure includes ear plates, ultrasonic transducers, arc plates, threaded rods, and locking caps. Ear plates are fixedly connected to the lower outer side of the inner cylinder. Ultrasonic transducers are arranged between adjacent ear plates. Arc plates are abutted and fitted at one end of the ear plates and one end of the ultrasonic transducers. Threaded rods are slidably inserted inside the ear plates and inside the arc plates. Locking caps are threadedly fitted on the outer side of the threaded rods.

[0010] The winterization kettle is equipped with a stirring component consisting of a shaft, column, inclined rod, blade, and umbrella frame. The shearing action formed by the inclined rod, blade, and umbrella frame structure at different positions is relatively mild, which can provide a gentle stirring environment and will not excessively break the crystals. At the same time, the bottom umbrella frame stirring structure can effectively prevent wax crystals from adhering to the cylinder wall.

[0011] Furthermore, the vessel lid includes a lid body, a cylinder frame, a servo frequency converter motor, a material metering pump, and a connecting cylinder. The cylinder frame is fixedly connected to the top of the lid body, the servo frequency converter motor is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder frame, a number of symmetrically distributed material metering pumps are fixedly connected inside the top of the lid body, and two symmetrically distributed connecting cylinders are fixedly connected inside the top of the lid body.

[0012] Furthermore, a sealing ring is inserted between the outer side of the shaft and the inner top of the cover, and a bolt is threaded between the flange above the column and the flange at the end of the servo frequency converter motor spindle; a sealing ring is inserted between the top of the inner cylinder and the bottom of the cover, and a bolt is threaded between the inner top of the inner cylinder and the inner bottom of the cover.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution has the following advantages: 1. The method described in this invention operates at a relatively low temperature during pressing, alkali refining, and water washing, which can maximize the retention of heat-sensitive active substances in camellia oil, such as vitamin E, squalene, and sterols. During the washing process, rapid stirring is first used to ensure that the alkali residue is thoroughly washed away, followed by slow stirring to facilitate soap residue coagulation and sedimentation, effectively preventing the formation of stubborn emulsions and improving washing efficiency and effect. Nitrogen gas is introduced during winterization for protection, completely isolating oxygen and preventing oxidative rancidity of the oil during subsequent long-term processing, ensuring extremely low peroxide value in the finished product, thus fundamentally guaranteeing flavor and shelf life. Simultaneously, this invention adds seed crystals and lecithin during winterization, providing an ideal crystallization template and, in conjunction with lecithin, guiding the formation of small, uniform, spherical crystals. Ultrasonic treatment is applied at a relatively high temperature of 15-25°C, utilizing cavitation to instantly generate a large number of uniform crystal nuclei and activate the seed crystals, significantly shortening the traditional crystal growth time of over ten hours to just a few hours. Furthermore, this invention collects the bottom oil from the winterization vessel as seed crystals for later use, which not only reduces raw material costs for subsequent batches but also improves process stability and crystallization efficiency by utilizing its own perfect crystals as templates.

[0014] 2. The refining system of the present invention is equipped with a reaction vessel, a lid, and a stirring components to ensure that the winterization process is carried out in a light-proof and sealed manner. Nitrogen gas is supplied into the vessel through a connecting pipe to replace the air between the inner vessel and the lid. Seed crystals and lecithin and other additives are added quantitatively through a material metering pump. At the same time, an ultrasonic transducer is configured to perform ultrasonic cavitation treatment on the material in the vessel, thereby improving the winterization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the camellia seed oil refining system described in Example 7.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the reactor vessel, vessel cover, and stirring element described in Example 7.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal component structure of the reactor vessel described in Example 7.

[0018] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the internal component structure of the kettle lid described in Example 7.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal component structure of the agitator described in Example 7.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation cross-sectional structure of the reactor cylinder, reactor cover, and stirring components described in Example 7.

[0021] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1. Reactor cylinder; 11. Inner cylinder; 12. Jacket layer; 13. Electric drain valve; 14. Fastening structure; 141. Ear plate; 142. Ultrasonic transducer; 143. Arc plate; 144. Threaded rod; 145. Locking cover; 2. Reactor cover; 21. Cover body; 22. Cylinder frame; 23. Servo variable frequency motor; 24. Material metering pump; 25. Connecting cylinder; 3. Stirring component; 31. Shaft; 32. Column; 33. Diagonal rod; 34. Blade; 35. Umbrella frame. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but these are not intended to limit the invention. Specific experimental conditions and methods not specified in the following examples are generally conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] Example 1: A method for refining camellia seed oil, comprising the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 64℃, an alkaline solution is added and the mixture is treated at 70℃ and a stirring speed of 65 r / min for 50 min. Then, it is allowed to stand for 7 h for solid-liquid separation to obtain deacidified crude oil. The alkaline solution is a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.6% of the mass of the crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 75℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 60r / min, add hot water at a temperature of 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 8% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 10min. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 10r / min and process for 75min. After standing for 25min, drain the water to obtain water-washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the water-washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. First, stir the seed crystals at a speed of 60 r / min for 8 min. Then, add the seed crystals and stir and mix at a speed of 15 r / min. Then, cool it down to 20°C and sonicate it for 20 min. Then, continue stirring for 4 h. Then, cool it down to 6°C and stir for 6 h. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment at the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then, filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtering, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil. The ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasound with a frequency of 30kHz; the amount of seed crystals added is 1.2% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil.

[0026] The camellia seed oil prepared according to the method described in this embodiment was tested in accordance with the national standard GB11765-2018. The acid value (calculated as KOH) was 0.15 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.15 g / 100 g, and the content of squalene, the main active ingredient, was 453.2 mg / kg.

[0027] Example 2: A method for refining camellia seed oil, comprising the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 62℃, an alkaline solution is added and the mixture is treated at 75℃ and a stirring speed of 60 r / min for 45 min. Then, it is allowed to stand for 7.5 h for solid-liquid separation to obtain deacidified crude oil. The alkaline solution is a 12% sodium hydroxide solution, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.6% of the mass of the crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 75℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 70r / min, add hot water at a temperature of 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 8% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 12 minutes. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 10r / min and process for 80 minutes. After standing for 25 minutes, drain the water to obtain washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. First, stir the seed crystals at a speed of 70 r / min for 6 min. Then, add the seed crystals and lecithin and stir and mix them at a speed of 15 r / min. Then, cool it down to 18°C ​​and sonicate it for 20 min. Then, continue stirring for 3.5 h. Then, cool it down to 8°C and stir for 7 h. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment at the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then, filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtering, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil. The ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasound with a frequency of 30kHz; the amount of seed crystals added is 1.0% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil; the amount of lecithin added is 0.02% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil.

[0028] The camellia seed oil prepared according to the method described in this embodiment was tested in accordance with the national standard GB11765-2018. The acid value (calculated as KOH) was 0.14 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.12 g / 100g, and the content of squalene, the main active ingredient, was 476.8 mg / kg.

[0029] Example 3: A method for refining camellia seed oil, comprising the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 63℃, an alkaline solution is added and the mixture is treated at 65℃ with a stirring speed of 70 r / min for 55 min. Then, it is allowed to stand for 7 h for solid-liquid separation to obtain deacidified crude oil. The alkaline solution is a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.65% of the mass of the crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 75℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 70r / min, add hot water at a temperature of 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 8% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 10min. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 10r / min and process for 90min. After standing for 25min, drain the water to obtain water-washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the water-washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. First, stir the seed crystals at a speed of 70 r / min for 8 min. Then, add the seed crystals and stir and mix at a speed of 15 r / min. Then, cool it down to 20°C and sonicate it for 25 min. Then, continue stirring for 4 h. Then, cool it down to 7°C and stir for 7 h. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment at the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then, filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtering, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil. The ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasound with a frequency of 30kHz; the amount of seed crystals added is 1.0% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil.

[0030] The camellia seed oil prepared according to the method described in this embodiment was tested in accordance with the national standard GB11765-2018. The acid value (calculated as KOH) was 0.16 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.18 g / 100g, and the content of squalene, the main active ingredient, was 449.4 mg / kg.

[0031] Example 4: A method for refining camellia seed oil, comprising the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 65℃, an alkaline solution is added and the mixture is treated at 80℃ with a stirring speed of 70 r / min for 50 min. Then, it is allowed to stand for 7 h for solid-liquid separation to obtain deacidified crude oil. The alkaline solution is a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.6% of the mass of the crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 80℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 80r / min, add hot water at 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 5% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 10min. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 10r / min and process for 75min. After standing for 30min, drain the water to obtain water-washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the water-washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. First, stir the seed crystals at a speed of 80 r / min for 8 min. Then, add the seed crystals and lecithin and stir and mix them at a speed of 15 r / min. Then, cool it down to 25°C and sonicate it for 30 min. Then, continue stirring for 4 h. Then, cool it down to 10°C and stir for 6 h. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment at the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then, filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtering, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil. The ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasound with a frequency of 30kHz; the amount of seed crystals added is 0.6% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil; the amount of lecithin added is 0.04% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil.

[0032] The camellia seed oil prepared according to the method described in this embodiment was tested in accordance with the national standard GB11765-2018. The acid value (calculated as KOH) was 0.15 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.12 g / 100g, and the content of squalene, the main active ingredient, was 469.1 mg / kg.

[0033] Example 5: A method for refining camellia seed oil, comprising the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 60℃, an alkaline solution is added and the mixture is treated for 60 minutes at 60℃ and a stirring speed of 60 r / min. Then, the mixture is allowed to stand for 8 hours for solid-liquid separation to obtain deacidified crude oil. The alkaline solution is an 8% sodium carbonate solution, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.8% of the mass of the crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 70℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 50r / min, add hot water at a temperature of 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 5% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 15min. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 5r / min and process for 90min. After standing for 30min, drain the water to obtain water-washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the water-washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. Then add lecithin and stir and mix at a speed of 10 r / min. Then cool it down to 15°C and sonicate it for 15 min. Then continue stirring and treating it for 3 h. Then cool it down to 5°C and stir and treat it at a constant temperature for 5 h. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment at the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtering, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil. The ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasound with a frequency of 20kHz; the amount of lecithin added is 0.05% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil.

[0034] The camellia seed oil prepared according to the method described in this embodiment was tested in accordance with the national standard GB11765-2018. The acid value (calculated as KOH) was 0.16 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.19 g / 100g, and the content of squalene, the main active ingredient, was 439.5 mg / kg.

[0035] Example 6: A method for refining camellia seed oil, comprising the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 65℃, an alkaline solution is added and the mixture is treated at 80℃ and a stirring speed of 70 r / min for 40 min. Then, it is allowed to stand for 6 h for solid-liquid separation to obtain deacidified crude oil. The alkaline solution is a 15% sodium carbonate solution, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.5% of the mass of the crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 80℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 80r / min, add hot water at 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 10% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 5 minutes. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 15r / min and process for 60 minutes. After standing for 20 minutes, drain the water to obtain water-washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the water-washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. Then add lecithin and stir and mix at a speed of 20 r / min. Then cool it down to 25°C and sonicate it for 30 min. Then continue stirring and treating it for 5 h. Then cool it down to 10°C and stir and treat it for 8 h. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment at the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtering, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil. The ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasound with a frequency of 40kHz; the amount of lecithin added is 0.01% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil.

[0036] The camellia seed oil prepared according to the method described in this embodiment was tested in accordance with the national standard GB11765-2018. The acid value (calculated as KOH) was 0.16 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.20 g / 100g, and the content of squalene, the main active ingredient, was 428.8 mg / kg.

[0037] Comparative Example: The difference between the camellia seed oil refining method described in this comparative example and the method described in Example 1 is only that in step S3, the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 is placed in a container and filled with nitrogen for protection. It is first cooled to 20°C and then treated at a speed of 15 r / min for 8 hours. Then it is cooled to 6°C and stirred at a constant temperature for 15 hours. After filtration, winterized crude oil is obtained. The winterized crude oil is then sterilized, polished, and filtered to obtain refined camellia seed oil.

[0038] The camellia seed oil prepared according to the method described in this comparative example was tested in accordance with the national standard GB11765-2018. The acid value (calculated as KOH) was 0.16 mg / g, the peroxide value was 0.24 g / 100g, and the content of squalene, the main active ingredient, was 388.7 mg / kg.

[0039] Example 7: A camellia seed oil refining system, comprising an alkaline washing kettle, a hot water washing kettle, a vacuum dehydration kettle, a winterization kettle, a plate and frame filter, and a core filter. Crude oil is sequentially processed through the alkaline washing kettle, hot water washing kettle, vacuum dehydration kettle, winterization kettle, plate and frame filter, and core filter to obtain refined oil. The winterization kettle includes a reaction vessel cylinder 1, a lid 2, and a stirring element 3. The lid 2 is provided on the top of the reaction vessel cylinder 1, and the stirring element 3 is provided between the reaction vessel cylinder 1 and the lid 2. The reaction vessel cylinder 1 includes an inner cylinder 11, a jacket layer 12, an electric drain valve 13, and a fastening structure 14. The jacket layer 12 is fixedly connected to the outside of the inner cylinder 11, and the electric drain valve 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder 11 in an interconnected manner. The fastening structure 14 is provided on the lower outer side of the inner cylinder 11. A stirring component 3 is provided inside the lower part of the cover 21. The stirring component 3 includes a shaft 31, a column 32, an inclined rod 33, a blade 34, and an umbrella frame 35. The bottom end of the shaft 31 is fixedly connected to the column 32. The outer side of the column 32 is fixedly connected to the symmetrically distributed inclined rods 33. One end of the inclined rod 33 is fixedly connected to the blade 34. The bottom end of the column 32 is fixedly connected to the umbrella frame 35. The fastening structure 14 includes an ear plate 141, an ultrasonic transducer 142, an arc plate 143, a threaded rod 144, and a locking cover 145. An ear plate 141 is fixedly connected to the lower outer side of the inner cylinder 11. An ultrasonic transducer 142 is arranged between adjacent ear plates 141. An arc plate 143 is abutted and fitted at one end of the ear plate 141 and one end of the ultrasonic transducer 142. A threaded rod 144 is slidably inserted into the inside of the ear plate 141 and the inside of the arc plate 143. A locking cover 145 is threadedly fitted on the outer side of the threaded rod 144. The vessel lid 2 includes a lid body 21, a cylinder frame 22, a servo frequency converter motor 23, a material metering pump 24, and a connecting cylinder 25. The cylinder frame 22 is fixedly connected to the top of the lid body 21, the servo frequency converter motor 23 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder frame 22, a plurality of symmetrically distributed material metering pumps 24 are fixedly connected to the inside of the top of the lid body 21, and two symmetrically distributed connecting cylinders 25 are fixedly connected to the inside of the top of the lid body 21. A sealing ring is inserted between the outer side of the shaft 31 and the inner top of the cover 21. A bolt is threaded between the upper flange of the column 32 and the end flange of the main shaft of the servo frequency conversion motor 23. A sealing ring is inserted between the top of the inner cylinder 11 and the bottom of the cover 21. A bolt is threaded between the inner top of the inner cylinder 11 and the inner bottom of the cover 21.

[0040] During the operation of the described camellia seed oil refining system, the internally installed electric drain valve 13, ultrasonic transducer 142, and servo frequency converter motor 23 can be controlled by an external PLC controller. The electric drain valve 13, ultrasonic transducer 142, and servo frequency converter motor 23 can be powered by an external power supply. The electric drain valve 13 is an electric butterfly valve. The ultrasonic transducer 142 serves as the end output of the existing ultrasonic cavitation system, used for ultrasonic cavitation treatment of the crude oil inside the inner cylinder 11. Cold brine can be introduced into the jacket layer 12 for cooling. A sealing ring is inserted between the outer side of the shaft 31 and the inner top of the cover 21. Bolts are threaded between the flange above the column 32 and the flange at the end of the main shaft of the servo frequency converter motor 23. A sealing ring is inserted between the top and bottom of the cover 21. Bolts are threaded between the top of the inner cylinder 11 and the bottom of the cover 21. The top flange of the connecting tube 25 at the front end is sealed and connected to the nitrogen delivery pipe to replace the air between the inner cylinder 11 and the cover 21. The replaced air is discharged through the connecting tube 25 at the rear end. Several distributed material metering pumps 24 are used to accurately add crystal seeds, lecithin and other substances into the inner cylinder. The servo frequency conversion motor 23 is started to drive the stirring component 3 to perform overall stirring. The ultrasonic transducer 142 is started to perform ultrasonic cavitation treatment on the oil. The above mixing device can operate in the dark throughout the process and meets the requirements of filling with nitrogen and discharging excess air. It is suitable for winterization treatment of crude oil and can improve the winterization efficiency of camellia oil.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for refining camellia seed oil, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. After filtering the crude oil obtained by pressing at 60-65℃, add an alkaline solution and treat it at 60-80℃ and stirring speed of 60-70r / min for 40-60min. Then let it stand for 6-8h to separate the solid and liquid to obtain deacidified crude oil. S2. Take the deacidified crude oil obtained in step S1 and adjust its temperature to 70-80℃. Then, under the stirring condition of 50-80 r / min, add hot water at 85℃ at a uniform speed. The amount of hot water added is 5-10% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil. After adding the hot water, continue stirring for 5-15 min. Then, adjust the stirring speed to 5-15 r / min and process for 60-90 min. After standing for 20-30 min, drain the water to obtain washed crude oil. Vacuum dehydrate the washed crude oil to obtain dehydrated crude oil. S3. Take the dehydrated crude oil obtained in step S2 and place it in a container and fill it with nitrogen for protection. Then add seed crystals and / or lecithin, stir and mix, and cool to 15-25°C. Then sonicate for 15-30 minutes, and continue stirring for 3-5 hours. Then cool to 5-10°C and stir for 5-8 hours. First, drain the bottom oil containing sediment from the bottom of the container and collect it as seed crystals for later use. Then filter the remaining oil to obtain winterized crude oil. After sterilization, polishing and filtration, the winterized crude oil is refined camellia seed oil.

2. The method for refining camellia seed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the alkaline solution is a sodium carbonate solution with a concentration of 8-15% or a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 8-15%, and the amount of alkaline solution used is 0.5-0.8% of the crude oil mass.

3. The method for refining camellia seed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the stirring speed is 10-20 r / min; the ultrasonic treatment uses ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20-40 kHz.

4. The method for refining camellia seed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of seed crystals added is 0.5 to 1.5% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil; the amount of lecithin added is 0.01 to 0.05% of the mass of the dehydrated crude oil.

5. The method for refining camellia seed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, before adding the seed crystals, the seed crystals are stirred at a speed of 50-80 r / min for 5-10 min.

6. A camellia seed oil refining system, applicable to the camellia seed oil refining method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, specifically comprising an alkaline washing kettle, a hot water washing kettle, a vacuum dehydration kettle, a winterization kettle, a plate and frame filter, and a cartridge filter, wherein crude oil is sequentially processed through the alkaline washing kettle, the hot water washing kettle, the vacuum dehydration kettle, the winterization kettle, the plate and frame filter, and the cartridge filter to obtain refined oil, characterized in that: The winterization reactor includes a reactor cylinder (1), a reactor cover (2), and a stirring element (3). The reactor cylinder (1) is provided with a reactor cover (2) at the top. The stirring element (3) is provided between the reactor cylinder (1) and the reactor cover (2). The reactor cylinder (1) includes an inner cylinder (11), a jacket layer (12), an electric drain valve (13), and a fastening structure (14). The jacket layer (12) is fixedly connected to the outside of the inner cylinder (11). The electric drain valve (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder (11) and is interconnected with it. The fastening structure (14) is provided on the outside of the lower part of the inner cylinder (11). The cover (21) is provided with a stirring component (3) inside. The stirring component (3) includes a shaft (31), a column (32), an inclined rod (33), a blade (34), and an umbrella frame (35). The bottom end of the shaft (31) is fixedly connected to the column (32). The outside of the column (32) is fixedly connected to the symmetrically distributed inclined rods (33). One end of the inclined rod (33) is fixedly connected to the blade (34). The bottom end of the column (32) is fixedly connected to the umbrella frame (35). The fastening structure (14) includes an ear plate (141), an ultrasonic transducer (142), an arc plate (143), a threaded rod (144), and a locking cover (145). An ear plate (141) is fixedly connected to the lower outer side of the inner cylinder (11). An ultrasonic transducer (142) is provided between adjacent ear plates (141). An arc plate (143) is abutted and fitted at one end of the ear plate (141) and one end of the ultrasonic transducer (142). A threaded rod (144) is slidably inserted inside the ear plate (141) and inside the arc plate (143). A locking cover (145) is threaded on the outer side of the threaded rod (144).

7. The camellia seed oil refining system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lid (2) includes a lid body (21), a cylinder frame (22), a servo frequency converter motor (23), a material metering pump (24), and a connecting cylinder (25). The top of the lid body (21) is fixedly connected to the cylinder frame (22), the top of the cylinder frame (22) is fixedly connected to the servo frequency converter motor (23), a number of symmetrically distributed material metering pumps (24) are fixedly connected inside the top of the lid body (21), and two symmetrically distributed connecting cylinders (25) are fixedly connected inside the top of the lid body (21).

8. The camellia seed oil refining system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A sealing ring is inserted between the outer side of the shaft (31) and the inner top of the cover (21). A bolt is threaded between the upper flange of the column (32) and the end flange of the main shaft of the servo frequency converter motor (23). A sealing ring is inserted between the top of the inner cylinder (11) and the bottom of the cover (21). A bolt is threaded between the inner top of the inner cylinder (11) and the bottom of the cover (21).

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