Solid hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system and a working method thereof. A solid hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system comprises a first heat exchanger, a first inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with a tail gas exhaust port of a hydrogen internal combustion engine through a gas inlet pipe set, and a first outlet of the first heat exchanger is provided with an exhaust pipe set. A second inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with a liquid outlet of the first liquid tank through a first heat exchange pipe set, a second outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with a heat exchange medium inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module through a second heat exchange pipe set, and a heat exchange medium outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module is connected with a liquid inlet of the first liquid tank through a third heat exchange pipe set. Hydrogen in the hydrogen internal combustion engine combusts to generate high-temperature tail gas. The high-temperature tail gas generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine can be recycled, efficient and stable hydrogen absorption and desorption can be achieved while stable power generation is conducted, and the system is stable in operation, high in safety, high in energy utilization rate, efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy technology, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles represent a highly efficient, zero-emission, and sustainable mobility solution, offering an effective way to address the energy crisis and environmental challenges. These vehicles rely on dedicated hydrogen refueling stations; however, the number of refueling stations in China is far from sufficient, and they are mainly concentrated in hydrogen energy demonstration zones. This requires users to assess the hydrogen reserves in their vehicles in real time to choose the appropriate refueling station. In emergency situations, such as when a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle encounters a hydrogen shortage while driving, mobile refueling vehicles are needed to provide necessary assistance and replenish the hydrogen. Furthermore, the application of hydrogen fuel cells in some specialized transportation sectors, such as hydrogen ships, port vehicles, shunting locomotives, and airport shuttle buses, also faces the challenge of separation from fixed refueling stations. To overcome this challenge, deploying mobile refueling stations (i.e., mobile refueling vehicles) can promote the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0003] In related technologies, mobile hydrogen refueling vehicles generally use high-pressure hydrogen tanks for hydrogen storage. This method of hydrogen storage suffers from problems such as low hydrogen storage capacity, insufficient safety, and unsatisfactory practical application results. In contrast, magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage shows great potential and promise due to its high-density hydrogen storage capacity, low operating pressure, and excellent safety.

[0004] However, solid hydrogen storage materials require ambient temperatures above 280°C for both charging and discharging hydrogen, which places high demands on the working environment and makes implementation difficult. This greatly limits the promotion of mobile hydrogen refueling stations based on magnesium-based hydrogen storage technology. In addition, solid hydrogen storage materials release a large amount of heat during the process of absorbing hydrogen. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will affect their hydrogen absorption rate and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing production technologies, the applicant provides a solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system and its operating method. This system can recover and utilize the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine, and can achieve efficient and stable hydrogen absorption and release while generating electricity. The system is stable in operation, highly safe, and has high energy utilization, making it efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system includes a first heat exchanger. The first inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust outlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine via an intake pipe assembly. The first outlet of the first heat exchanger is equipped with an exhaust pipe assembly. The second inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to a drain port of a first liquid tank via a first heat exchange pipe assembly. The second outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet of a solid-state hydrogen storage module via a second heat exchange pipe assembly. The heat exchange medium outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is connected to an inlet of the first liquid tank via a third heat exchange pipe assembly. High-temperature exhaust gas is generated by hydrogen combustion inside the hydrogen internal combustion engine. This high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with a heat transfer fluid inside the first heat exchanger. The heat transfer fluid, after heat exchange, enters the solid-state hydrogen storage module and heats the solid-state hydrogen storage material inside the module, thereby causing the solid-state hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0009] The output end of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is connected to a generator, and the output end of the generator is connected to a storage battery. The hydrogen internal combustion engine drives the generator to generate electricity, and the electrical energy generated by the generator is stored in the storage battery.

[0010] The hydrogen discharge port of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank through a first hydrogen supply pipeline group, and the hydrogen discharge port of the hydrogen buffer tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine through a second hydrogen supply pipeline group.

[0011] The hydrogen buffer tank is equipped with a third hydrogen supply pipe assembly at another hydrogen port. The third hydrogen supply pipe assembly is equipped with a hydrogen refueling module. The hydrogen refueling module is electrically connected to a battery, and the battery supplies power to the hydrogen refueling module.

[0012] The hydrogen inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module is equipped with a hydrogen charging pipe assembly.

[0013] The hydrogen filling pipe group and the first hydrogen delivery pipe group are connected by a connecting pipe group.

[0014] The exhaust pipe assembly is equipped with an exhaust gas treatment device.

[0015] The second heat exchange tube assembly is equipped with a circulating pump.

[0016] It also includes a cooling module, which includes a connecting branch pipe and a second heat exchanger. The connecting branch pipe connects the first heat exchange tube group and the second heat exchange tube group, and a first valve is installed on the connecting branch pipe.

[0017] The first inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to another outlet of the first liquid tank through the fourth heat exchange tube group; the first outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to another inlet of the first liquid tank through the fifth heat exchange tube group; the second inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to one inlet of the second liquid tank through the sixth heat exchange tube group; and the second outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to one outlet of the second liquid tank through the seventh heat exchange tube group.

[0018] The second liquid tank is connected to an external cooling system, which cools the coolant in the second liquid tank. The coolant in the second liquid tank exchanges heat with the heat transfer fluid flowing from the first liquid tank into the second heat exchanger inside the second heat exchanger, thereby cooling the heat transfer fluid.

[0019] When the first valve is opened, the cooled heat transfer fluid enters the solid hydrogen storage module sequentially through the first heat exchange tube group, the connecting branch pipe, and the second heat exchange tube group, thereby cooling the solid hydrogen storage module.

[0020] A method for operating the above-mentioned solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system includes a hydrogen charging process and a refueling process;

[0021] The hydrogen charging process includes the following steps:

[0022] Preparation phase: Connect the other inlet of the second liquid tank to the outlet of the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station, and connect the other outlet of the second liquid tank to the inlet of the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station.

[0023] Start-up phase: Start the hydrogen internal combustion engine, where hydrogen is burned to produce high-temperature exhaust gas, which is then heated in the first heat exchanger to heat the heat transfer fluid in the first heat exchanger.

[0024] The heated heat transfer fluid, under the action of the circulating pump, enters the solid hydrogen storage module through the second heat exchange tube group, thereby making the internal temperature of the solid hydrogen storage module reach the hydrogen filling temperature, and then the hydrogen internal combustion engine stops.

[0025] Stable hydrogen charging stage: The stationary hydrogen refueling station charges hydrogen into the solid hydrogen storage module through the hydrogen charging pipe group. At this time, the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module absorbs hydrogen and releases heat.

[0026] The first valve is opened, allowing the heat transfer fluid in the solid hydrogen storage module to flow into the second heat exchanger, whereby the heat transfer fluid is cooled down by the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station.

[0027] After cooling, the heat transfer fluid flows back to the solid hydrogen storage module through the fifth heat exchange tube group, the first liquid tank, the first heat exchange tube group, the connecting branch pipe, and the second heat exchange tube group under the action of the circulating pump, thereby keeping the temperature inside the solid hydrogen storage module stable at the hydrogen charging temperature.

[0028] The refueling process includes the following steps:

[0029] Preparation phase: Connect the hydrogen refueling gun of the hydrogen refueling module to the hydrogen refueling port at the user end. The control unit determines the hydrogen charging pressure and amount required by the user end, thereby regulating the output hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen refueling module, the number of heating tanks in the solid hydrogen storage module, the output power of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid.

[0030] Start-up phase: The hydrogen buffer tank provides the hydrogen required for normal operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine through the second hydrogen supply pipeline group. The hydrogen internal combustion engine starts and drives the generator to generate electricity. The electrical energy generated by the generator is stored in the battery, and the battery provides a stable power supply to the hydrogen refueling module.

[0031] Stable refueling stage: The high-temperature exhaust gas released by the hydrogen internal combustion engine enters the first heat exchanger through the intake manifold for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the high-temperature exhaust gas is treated by the exhaust gas treatment device to remove nitrogen oxides and then discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust manifold.

[0032] After heat exchange, the heat transfer fluid in the first heat exchanger enters the solid hydrogen storage module through the second heat exchange tube group, thereby heating the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module to the hydrogen release temperature, so that the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module releases hydrogen.

[0033] The hydrogen released from the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module enters the hydrogen buffer tank through the first hydrogen delivery pipeline group. Part of the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank enters the hydrogen internal combustion engine through the second hydrogen delivery pipeline group, and the other part is delivered to the user end through the third hydrogen delivery pipeline group under the action of the hydrogen refueling module.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] This invention features a compact and rational structure, and is easy to operate. By incorporating a hydrogen internal combustion engine and a heat exchanger, it can recover and utilize the heat energy generated during the process of the hydrogen internal combustion engine driving the generator to generate electricity, thereby achieving comprehensive and efficient energy utilization. At the same time, it can provide the heat required for hydrogen release to magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, enabling the system to release hydrogen efficiently and stably. It has the characteristics of being mobile, convenient, emergency-ready, safe, and suitable for multiple scenarios. It can be used flexibly under different working conditions, facilitating hydrogen refueling, emergency power supply, and rescue work for hydrogen-loaded vehicles and hydrogen ships.

[0036] The mobile hydrogen refueling system of the present invention, by setting up a solid hydrogen storage module, adopts multiple independently controlled parallel magnesium-based storage tanks, which have a large hydrogen storage capacity, low hydrogen storage pressure and small volume; at the same time, it can adjust the number of magnesium-based storage tanks for heating according to the needs of the load vehicle, thereby reducing refueling energy consumption.

[0037] In this invention, by setting up a control unit, the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid can be adjusted according to the temperature of the hydrogen internal combustion engine exhaust gas, thereby increasing the refueling speed; and according to the type of hydrogen vehicle or hydrogen ship being loaded, the output power of the compressor can be adjusted to optimize the refueling strategy and reduce refueling energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0040] The components include: 1. Solid-state hydrogen storage module; 2. Hydrogen buffer tank; 3. First heat exchanger; 4. Safety valve; 5. Hydrogen internal combustion engine; 6. Generator; 7. Exhaust gas treatment device; 8. Storage battery; 9. First liquid tank.

[0041] 10. Inlet pipe assembly; 11. First heat exchanger pipe assembly; 12. Second heat exchanger pipe assembly; 13. Third heat exchanger pipe assembly; 14. Connecting branch pipe; 15. Circulation pump; 16. Exhaust pipe assembly; 17. Hydrogen charging pipe assembly;

[0042] 18. First hydrogen transmission pipeline group; 19. Second hydrogen transmission pipeline group; 20. Third hydrogen transmission pipeline group; 21. Connecting pipeline group;

[0043] 22. Second heat exchanger; 23. Second liquid tank; 24. Fourth heat exchanger tube group; 25. Fifth heat exchanger tube group; 26. Sixth heat exchanger tube group; 27. Seventh heat exchanger tube group;

[0044] 28. Cooler; 29. ​​Compressor; 30. Hydrogenation unit. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] The structure and function of this invention are as follows:

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, the solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system of this embodiment includes a first heat exchanger 3. The first inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the exhaust outlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 through an intake pipe assembly 10. The first outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is equipped with an exhaust pipe assembly 16. The second inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to a drain port of the first liquid tank 9 through a first heat exchange pipe assembly 11. The second outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 through a second heat exchange pipe assembly 12. The heat exchange medium outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is connected to a liquid inlet of the first liquid tank 9 through a third heat exchange pipe assembly 13. High-temperature exhaust gas is generated by hydrogen combustion inside the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5. The high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with the heat transfer fluid inside the first heat exchanger 3. The heat transfer fluid after heat exchange enters the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage material inside the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1, thereby causing the solid-state hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen.

[0048] This embodiment of a solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module 1, a hydrogen buffer tank 2, a first heat exchanger 3, a hydrogen internal combustion engine 5, a generator 6, a battery 8, and a first liquid tank 9; wherein,

[0049] The solid hydrogen storage module 1 includes a storage tank containing solid hydrogen storage material and a heat exchange tube for transferring the heat transfer medium. The heat exchange tube is installed outside or inside the storage tank. The outside of the storage tank is also provided with a heat insulation layer for heat preservation. In this embodiment, the solid hydrogen storage material is a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

[0050] The hydrogen inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module 1 is equipped with a hydrogen filling pipe assembly 17. Hydrogen gas is introduced into the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through the hydrogen filling pipe assembly 17. The hydrogen filling pipe assembly 17 is equipped with a one-way valve and a valve component for controlling its opening and closing. External hydrogen gas is introduced into the storage tank of the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through the hydrogen filling pipe assembly 17 and stored through solid hydrogen storage material.

[0051] In addition, the hydrogen filling pipe group 17 and the first hydrogen delivery pipe group 18 are connected by a connecting pipe group 21. The connecting pipe group 21 is equipped with a pressure relief pipe group and a safety valve 4 to prevent the pressure inside the hydrogen buffer tank 2 from being too high. By setting up the pressure relief pipe group and the safety valve 4, the stability of the system operation can be guaranteed.

[0052] The hydrogen buffer tank 2 is used to store a certain amount of gaseous hydrogen to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system. In this embodiment, the hydrogen buffer tank 2 is designed with a pressure of 6MPa and can independently supply hydrogen to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 continuously and stably for 3-5 minutes.

[0053] The hydrogen outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 2 via the first hydrogen supply pipe group 18. One hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 2 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 via the second hydrogen supply pipe group 19. The other hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen buffer tank 2 is equipped with a third hydrogen supply pipe group 20, which is equipped with a hydrogen refueling module. The hydrogen refueling module is electrically connected to the battery 8, which supplies power to the hydrogen refueling module. Driven by the battery 8, the hydrogen refueling module refuels the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank 2 to the user end. By setting up the hydrogen refueling module, the system can realize the function of refueling hydrogen to the outside. The hydrogen refueling module includes a cooler 28, a compressor 29, and a hydrogen dispenser 30 connected in series. After the cooler 28 cools the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank 2, the compressor 29 compresses and pressurizes it, and then the hydrogen dispenser 30 refuels it to the user end.

[0054] In this embodiment, the solid hydrogen storage module 1 can use multiple independently set storage tanks, each of which contains magnesium-based hydrogen storage material for storing hydrogen. In the solid hydrogen storage module 1, multiple storage tanks are combined in parallel through a gas distributor. The overall hydrogen storage capacity of the solid hydrogen storage module 1 is 800kg-1000kg.

[0055] The high-temperature exhaust gas causes the internal temperature of the storage tank in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 to reach the hydrogen release temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material (around 280°C), thereby causing the solid hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen. The released hydrogen enters the hydrogen buffer tank 2 for temporary storage through the first hydrogen delivery pipe group 18. The hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank 2 is then transported to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 through the second hydrogen delivery pipe group 19. The second hydrogen delivery pipe group 19 and the third hydrogen delivery pipe group 20 are each equipped with a one-way valve and valve components.

[0056] The storage battery 8 is used to store the electrical energy generated by the generator 6 and to output power. The storage battery 8 can not only power the internal equipment of the system (including the hydrogen refueling module), but also power the external equipment of the system (including the power system of hydrogen vehicles or hydrogen-powered ships, and other electrical equipment): by setting up the storage battery 8, the stability and safety of the system power supply can be guaranteed;

[0057] The recycle power generation system can be mounted on hydrogen vehicles or hydrogen-powered ships, and can power the corresponding hydrogen vehicles or hydrogen-powered ships through the storage battery 8 to realize the traction function of hydrogen vehicles or ships;

[0058] Battery 8 is electrically connected to the emergency power supply module. Battery 8 provides emergency power to the outside through the emergency power supply module. The emergency power supply module is used to perform power conversion, converting the DC power input from battery 8 into DC or AC power with the required amplitude and frequency for external devices, so as to realize the system's emergency power supply function for external devices.

[0059] The generator 6 is connected to the output terminal of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5. The generator 6 converts the mechanical energy generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 into electrical energy and outputs it to the battery 8.

[0060] The hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 takes hydrogen as input and generates heat energy through the combustion of hydrogen inside it. Part of the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy and output to the generator 6 to drive the generator 6 to generate electricity. The other part of the heat energy is carried by high-temperature exhaust gas and enters the first heat exchanger 3 through the intake manifold 10. After heat exchange, the heat is transferred to the solid hydrogen storage module 1.

[0061] The hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 introduces external air into its interior through a valve train, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0062] The exhaust pipe assembly 16 is equipped with an exhaust gas treatment device 7. The high-temperature exhaust gas after heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 3 is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe assembly 16. The exhaust gas components produced by the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 are water vapor and nitrogen oxides. The exhaust gas treatment device 7 equipped on the exhaust pipe assembly 16, based on the H2-SCR system, can remove nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas produced by the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 to prevent air pollution.

[0063] The second heat exchange tube assembly 12 is equipped with a circulation pump 15. The circulation pump 15 is used to drive the heat transfer fluid to circulate within the tube assembly.

[0064] It also includes a cooling module, which is used to cool the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through a heat transfer fluid when the solid hydrogen storage material inside the system absorbs hydrogen.

[0065] The cooling module includes a connecting branch pipe 14 and a second heat exchanger 22. The connecting branch pipe 14 connects the first heat exchange tube group 11 and the second heat exchange tube group 12, and a first valve is installed on the connecting branch pipe 14. The first inlet of the second heat exchanger 22 is connected to another drain port of the first liquid tank 9 through a fourth heat exchange tube group 24, and the first outlet of the second heat exchanger 22 is connected to another inlet port of the first liquid tank 9 through a fifth heat exchange tube group 25. The second inlet of the second heat exchanger 22 is connected to an inlet port of the second liquid tank 23 through a sixth heat exchange tube group 26, and the second outlet of the second heat exchanger 22 is connected to... The seventh heat exchanger tube group 27 is connected to one outlet of the second liquid tank 23. The second liquid tank 23 is connected to an external cooling system, which cools the coolant in the second liquid tank 23. The coolant in the second liquid tank 23 exchanges heat with the heat transfer fluid flowing from the first liquid tank 9 into the second heat exchanger 22 inside the second heat exchanger 22, thereby cooling the heat transfer fluid. When the first valve is open, the cooled heat transfer fluid enters the solid hydrogen storage module 1 sequentially through the first heat exchanger tube group 11, the connecting branch pipe 14, and the second heat exchanger tube group 12, thereby cooling the solid hydrogen storage module 1. When the first valve is open, it ensures that the process of the solid hydrogen storage material in the system absorbing hydrogen is rapid and stable. When the first valve is closed, the first heat exchanger tube group 11 and the second heat exchanger tube group 12 are not connected. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 heats the heat transfer fluid in the system, thereby heating the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 and causing it to release hydrogen.

[0066] It also includes a valve assembly, which includes a second valve installed on the second heat exchange tube group 12, a third valve installed on the first heat exchange tube group 11, a fourth valve installed on the fourth heat exchange tube group 24, and a fifth valve installed on the fifth heat exchange tube group 25. By setting the valve assembly, the on / off state of the corresponding tube group can be controlled, thereby controlling the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid in the tube group, so that the temperature in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 in the system is stabilized at the hydrogen absorption temperature or the hydrogen release temperature.

[0067] Furthermore, the mobile hydrogen refueling system in this embodiment is also equipped with an emergency shutdown system, fire alarm equipment, and automatic pressure relief system to deal with unexpected situations, protect personnel safety, and prevent equipment damage.

[0068] The working method of the aforementioned solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system in this embodiment includes a hydrogen charging process and a refueling process. The hydrogen charging process in this embodiment refers to replenishing the mobile hydrogen refueling system of this embodiment with hydrogen through an external hydrogen refueling device (such as a fixed hydrogen refueling station), that is, inputting the hydrogen in the external hydrogen refueling device into the mobile hydrogen refueling system of this embodiment. The refueling process in this embodiment refers to refueling the user end with hydrogen through the mobile hydrogen refueling system of this embodiment, that is, outputting the hydrogen in the mobile hydrogen refueling system of this embodiment to the user end.

[0069] The hydrogen charging process includes the following steps:

[0070] Preparation phase: Connect the other inlet of the second liquid tank 23 to the outlet of the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station, and connect the other outlet of the second liquid tank 23 to the inlet of the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station.

[0071] Start-up phase: Start the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5. The hydrogen in the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 is burned to produce high-temperature exhaust gas (temperature 400℃-600℃). The high-temperature exhaust gas is heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger 3, thereby heating the heat transfer fluid in the first heat exchanger 3.

[0072] The heated heat transfer fluid enters the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through the second heat exchange tube group 12 under the action of the circulating pump 15, thereby making the temperature inside the solid hydrogen storage module 1 reach the hydrogen charging temperature (280℃-360℃), and then the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 stops.

[0073] Stable hydrogen charging stage: The stationary hydrogen refueling station charges hydrogen into the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through the hydrogen charging pipe group 17. At this time, the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 absorbs hydrogen and releases heat.

[0074] The first valve is opened, allowing the heat transfer fluid in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 to flow into the second heat exchanger 22, and then the heat transfer fluid in the second heat exchanger 22 is cooled down by the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station.

[0075] After cooling, the heat transfer fluid flows back to the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through the fifth heat exchange tube group 25, the first liquid tank 9, the first heat exchange tube group 11, the connecting branch pipe 14, and the second heat exchange tube group 12 under the action of the circulating pump 15, thereby keeping the temperature inside the solid hydrogen storage module 1 stable at the hydrogen charging temperature.

[0076] The stationary hydrogen refueling station in this embodiment adopts a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage method;

[0077] The refueling process includes the following steps:

[0078] Preparation phase: Connect the hydrogen refueling gun of the hydrogen refueling module to the hydrogen refueling port of the user end. The control unit determines the hydrogen charging pressure and hydrogen charging amount required by the user end, thereby regulating the output hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen refueling module, the number of tanks heated in the solid hydrogen storage module 1, the output power of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid.

[0079] The control process includes the following steps:

[0080] Based on the hydrogen refueling needs of the user (in this embodiment, it can be a hydrogen-powered vehicle or a hydrogen-powered ship), a hydrogen refueling command is entered in the control panel of the control unit. The hydrogen refueling command includes the hydrogen refueling pressure and the amount of hydrogen to be refueled.

[0081] The control unit controls the outlet pressure of the compressor 29 according to the hydrogen refueling command. For example, when the hydrogen refueling vehicle is a model with a 35MPa high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage system, the compressor 29 needs to increase the output pressure of hydrogen to above the set value of hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen vehicle. In this embodiment, it can be 45MPa.

[0082] Meanwhile, the control unit determines the control valve corresponding to the tank to be opened based on the hydrogen refueling command and the hydrogen storage capacity of different tanks in the solid hydrogen storage module 1, so as to reduce the energy loss caused by heating the tank. For example, when the hydrogen refueling vehicle requires 40kg of hydrogen, in this embodiment, by opening 25 tanks (total hydrogen storage capacity of 250kg), the hydrogen output of the system can be guaranteed to be ≥40kg.

[0083] In addition, in order to ensure that the output heat of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 meets the hydrogen release requirements of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module 1, the power of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 is 600kW and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 100NL / min-1000NL / min.

[0084] The mobile hydrogen refueling system in this embodiment is also equipped with multiple temperature sensors and multiple pressure sensors. The temperature sensor unit detects the temperature parameters in the system in real time, and the pressure sensor detects the pressure parameters in the system in real time, ensuring safety and refueling efficiency during the refueling process.

[0085] By setting up temperature and pressure sensors, the system can ensure accurate metering of hydrogen supply, avoiding problems of over- or under-supply during hydrogen supply; and it can also optimize energy use, reduce energy consumption, and improve overall energy efficiency.

[0086] When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the system is too low (such as the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the second inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is below 300°C), the battery 8 can supply power to the additional electric heating device (not shown in the figure), so that the heat transfer fluid in the first heat exchanger 3 can be heated by the electric heating device. Alternatively, the power of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 can be increased to meet the hydrogen release requirements of the solid hydrogen storage module 1.

[0087] Start-up phase: The hydrogen buffer tank 2 provides the hydrogen required for normal operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 through the second hydrogen supply pipeline group 19. The hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 starts and drives the generator 6 to generate electricity. The electrical energy generated by the generator 6 is stored in the battery 8, and the battery 8 provides a stable power supply to the hydrogen refueling module.

[0088] Stable refueling stage: The high-temperature exhaust gas released by the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 enters the first heat exchanger 3 through the intake manifold 10 for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the high-temperature exhaust gas is treated by the exhaust gas treatment device 7 to remove nitrogen oxides and then discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust manifold 16.

[0089] After heat exchange, the heat transfer fluid in the first heat exchanger 3 enters the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through the second heat exchange tube group 12, thereby heating the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 to the hydrogen release temperature (280℃-360℃), causing the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 to release hydrogen.

[0090] Hydrogen released from the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module 1 enters the hydrogen buffer tank 2 through the first hydrogen supply pipeline group 18. Part of the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank 2 enters the hydrogen internal combustion engine 5 through the second hydrogen supply pipeline group 19, and the other part is supplied to the user end through the third hydrogen supply pipeline group 20 under the action of the hydrogen refueling module.

[0091] The above description is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system, characterized in that: The system includes a first heat exchanger (3), whose first inlet is connected to the exhaust outlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) via an intake pipe assembly (10), whose first outlet is equipped with an exhaust pipe assembly (16), whose second inlet is connected to a drain port of the first liquid tank (9) via a first heat exchange pipe assembly (11), whose second outlet is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module (1) via a second heat exchange pipe assembly (12), whose heat exchange medium outlet is connected to a liquid inlet of the first liquid tank (9) via a third heat exchange pipe assembly (13), whose internal hydrogen combustion engine (5) generates high-temperature exhaust gas through hydrogen combustion, whose high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with the heat transfer fluid inside the first heat exchanger (3), whose heat transfer fluid enters the solid hydrogen storage module (1) to heat the solid hydrogen storage material inside the solid hydrogen storage module (1), thereby causing the solid hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) is connected to the generator (6), and the output end of the generator (6) is connected to the storage battery (8). The hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) drives the generator (6) to generate electricity, and the electrical energy generated by the generator (6) is stored in the storage battery (8).

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen discharge port of the solid hydrogen storage module (1) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen buffer tank (2) through the first hydrogen supply pipe group (18), and the hydrogen discharge port of the hydrogen buffer tank (2) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) through the second hydrogen supply pipe group (19).

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen buffer tank (2) is equipped with a third hydrogen supply pipe assembly (20) on another row of hydrogen ports. The third hydrogen supply pipe assembly (20) is equipped with a hydrogen refueling module. The hydrogen refueling module is electrically connected to the storage battery (8) and is powered by the storage battery (8).

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module (1) is equipped with a hydrogen charging pipe assembly (17).

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen charging pipe group (17) and the first hydrogen delivery pipe group (18) are connected by a connecting pipe group (21).

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust pipe assembly (16) is equipped with an exhaust gas treatment device (7).

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second heat exchange tube assembly (12) is equipped with a circulating pump (15).

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: It also includes a cooling module, which includes a connecting branch pipe (14) and a second heat exchanger (22). The connecting branch pipe (14) connects the first heat exchange tube group (11) and the second heat exchange tube group (12). A first valve is installed on the connecting branch pipe (14). The first inlet of the second heat exchanger (22) is connected to the other outlet of the first liquid tank (9) through the fourth heat exchange tube group (24), the first outlet of the second heat exchanger (22) is connected to the other inlet of the first liquid tank (9) through the fifth heat exchange tube group (25), the second inlet of the second heat exchanger (22) is connected to the inlet of the second liquid tank (23) through the sixth heat exchange tube group (26), and the second outlet of the second heat exchanger (22) is connected to the outlet of the second liquid tank (23) through the seventh heat exchange tube group (27). The second liquid tank (23) is connected to an external cooling system, which cools the coolant in the second liquid tank (23). The coolant in the second liquid tank (23) exchanges heat with the heat transfer fluid flowing from the first liquid tank (9) into the second heat exchanger (22) inside the second heat exchanger (22), thereby cooling the heat transfer fluid. When the first valve is opened, the cooled heat transfer fluid enters the solid hydrogen storage module (1) through the first heat exchange tube group (11), the connecting branch pipe (14), and the second heat exchange tube group (12) in sequence, thereby cooling the solid hydrogen storage module (1).

10. A method for operating the solid-state hydrogen storage and supply-hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation coupling system as described in claim 9, characterized in that: This includes the hydrogen charging process and the refueling process; The hydrogen charging process includes the following steps: Preparation stage: Connect the other inlet of the second liquid tank (23) to the outlet of the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station, and connect the other outlet of the second liquid tank (23) to the inlet of the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station. Start-up phase: Start the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5), the hydrogen in the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) is burned to produce high-temperature exhaust gas, the high-temperature exhaust gas is heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger (3) to heat the heat transfer fluid in the first heat exchanger (3); The heated heat transfer fluid enters the solid hydrogen storage module (1) through the second heat exchange tube group (12) under the action of the circulating pump (15), thereby making the temperature inside the solid hydrogen storage module (1) reach the hydrogen charging temperature, and then the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) stops. Stable hydrogen charging stage: The stationary hydrogen refueling station charges hydrogen into the solid hydrogen storage module (1) through the hydrogen charging pipe group (17). At this time, the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module (1) absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The first valve is opened, allowing the heat transfer fluid in the solid hydrogen storage module (1) to flow into the second heat exchanger (22), and then the heat transfer fluid in the second heat exchanger (22) is cooled down by the cooling system of the stationary hydrogen refueling station. After cooling, the heat transfer fluid flows back to the solid hydrogen storage module (1) through the fifth heat exchange tube group (25), the first liquid tank (9), the first heat exchange tube group (11), the connecting branch pipe (14), and the second heat exchange tube group (12) under the action of the circulating pump (15), thereby making the temperature inside the solid hydrogen storage module (1) stably maintained at the hydrogen charging temperature. The refueling process includes the following steps: Preparation phase: Connect the hydrogen refueling gun of the hydrogen refueling module to the hydrogen refueling port of the user end. The control unit determines the hydrogen charging pressure and hydrogen charging amount required by the user end, thereby regulating the output hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen refueling module, the number of tanks heated in the solid hydrogen storage module (1), the output power of the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid. Start-up phase: The hydrogen buffer tank (2) provides the hydrogen required for normal operation of the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) through the second hydrogen supply pipeline group (19). The hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) starts and drives the generator (6) to generate electricity. The electrical energy generated by the generator (6) is stored in the battery (8). The battery (8) provides stable power to the hydrogen refueling module. Stable refueling stage: The high-temperature exhaust gas released by the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) enters the first heat exchanger (3) through the intake pipe group (10) for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the high-temperature exhaust gas is treated by the exhaust gas treatment device (7) to remove nitrogen oxides and is then discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe group (16). After heat exchange, the heat transfer liquid in the first heat exchanger (3) enters the solid hydrogen storage module (1) through the second heat exchange tube group (12), thereby heating the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module (1) to the hydrogen release temperature, so that the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module (1) releases hydrogen. The hydrogen released from the solid hydrogen storage material in the solid hydrogen storage module (1) enters the hydrogen buffer tank (2) through the first hydrogen transmission pipeline group (18). Part of the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank (2) enters the hydrogen internal combustion engine (5) through the second hydrogen transmission pipeline group (19), and the other part is injected to the user end through the third hydrogen transmission pipeline group (20) under the action of the hydrogen refueling module.

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