Simulation method and system for drainage wire test of disconnected bus

Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation method and system for a drainage wire test of a disconnection bus, and relates to the technical field of transformer substation simulation experiments, and the method comprises the steps: manufacturing a simulation bus, a portal frame, a simulation person and other components according to the actual parameters of a transformer substation bus, and assembling a test platform for simulating the operation environment of the drainage wire of the disconnection bus; selecting an operation scene based on a platform, dividing operation stages, setting gaps and attitude parameters, and determining multiple groups of test working conditions; applying an operation impulse voltage, and recording discharge data and discharge moment meteorological parameters; correcting the discharge voltage peak value according to the meteorological parameters to obtain first discharge characteristic data under a standard meteorological condition; calculating discharge characteristic parameters of different altitudes in combination with altitude factor correction; and finally, determining the minimum safety distance and the minimum combination gap distance at different altitudes by combining with a live working danger rate requirement. The simulation platform fits the reality, the correction logic is accurate, and reliable technical basis can be provided for the operation safety of disconnecting the bus drainage wire of the transformer substation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of substation simulation experiment technology, and in particular to a simulation method and system for a busbar disconnection test. Background Technology

[0002] Disconnecting busbar lead-out lines in substations is a critical live-line operation to ensure power grid operation and maintenance. During the operation, insulation safety parameters must be strictly controlled to avoid equipment failure or personnel safety accidents caused by air gap breakdown discharge.

[0003] In existing technologies, the methods for determining insulation safety parameters for live-line work on busbar disconnection in substations have limitations. They cannot accurately reproduce key scenarios such as phase-to-ground gap, phase-to-phase gap, and worker posture in actual operations. As a result, the industry often directly applies insulation standards for live-line work on transmission lines or relies on on-site experience to estimate safety parameters. These methods can easily lead to a mismatch between safety parameters and the actual working environment, failing to meet the insulation safety assurance requirements for busbar disconnection work in substations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem that the insulation safety parameters for live-line work on busbar disconnection in substations do not match the actual working environment and cannot meet the insulation safety assurance requirements for busbar disconnection work in substations, this invention provides a simulation method and system for busbar disconnection test.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a simulation method for a busbar disconnection test, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Based on the arrangement, support structure and splitting form of the substation busbars, fabricate multiple components, including simulated busbars, gantry frames, insulating supports, simulated lead-in lines, simulated personnel and insulating support components. Assemble the multiple components according to the preset layout to form a simulation test platform that simulates the working environment of the busbar lead-in line disconnection.

[0008] Step 2: Based on the simulation test platform formed in Step 1, select the operation scenarios of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line for different voltage levels, and divide the operation stages of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line. Combine the operation scenarios and operation stages to set the phase-to-ground gap, phase-to-phase gap, simulated human position and attitude parameters, and determine multiple sets of test conditions including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions and dynamic attitude conditions.

[0009] Step 3: Based on the determined multiple test conditions, apply the operating impulse voltage to the simulated lead-in line or simulated bus in the simulation test platform through the impulse voltage generator to form the voltage impulse test process under different test conditions;

[0010] Step 4: During the voltage impulse test under different test conditions, record the discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time using a measuring device; the discharge data includes the first discharge voltage peak value.

[0011] Step 5: Correct the peak value of the first discharge voltage based on the meteorological parameters collected in Step 4 to eliminate the influence of meteorological factors and obtain the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions.

[0012] Step 6: Based on the discharge characteristic data, perform altitude correction by combining the altitude factor, and calculate the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes.

[0013] Step 7: Based on the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes and the requirements for the risk rate of live-line work, determine the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes.

[0014] The second aspect of this application provides a simulation system for a busbar disconnection test, which, using the above-mentioned simulation method for a busbar disconnection test, includes:

[0015] The test platform construction module is used to manufacture multiple components based on the arrangement, support structure and splitting form of the substation busbar. These components include a simulated busbar, gantry frame, insulating support column, simulated drain line, simulated person and insulating support. The multiple components are assembled according to a preset layout to form a simulated test platform that simulates the working environment of the disconnected busbar drain line.

[0016] The test condition determination module is based on the simulated test platform formed by the test platform construction module. It selects the operation scenarios of disconnecting the busbar lead wire for different voltage levels and divides the operation stages of disconnecting the busbar lead wire. It sets the phase-to-ground gap, phase-to-phase gap, and the position and posture parameters of the simulated person in combination with the operation scenarios and operation stages, and determines multiple sets of test conditions including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions and dynamic posture conditions.

[0017] The voltage impulse test module, based on multiple sets of test conditions determined by the test condition determination module, applies an operational impulse voltage to the simulated lead-in line or simulated bus in the simulated test platform through an impulse voltage generator, thereby forming a voltage impulse test process under different test conditions.

[0018] The data acquisition module records discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time through a measuring device during the voltage impulse test under different test conditions formed by the voltage impulse test module.

[0019] The meteorological correction module corrects the peak value of the first discharge voltage based on the meteorological parameters collected by the data acquisition module at the discharge time, eliminates the influence of meteorological factors, and obtains the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions.

[0020] An altitude correction module is used to perform altitude correction based on the corrected discharge characteristic data obtained from the meteorological correction module, combined with altitude factors, and to calculate discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes.

[0021] The safety parameter determination module determines the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes based on the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes obtained by the altitude correction module and in combination with the requirements for the hazard rate of live-line work.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it can provide a realistic basic environment for the simulation test of busbar disconnection and diversion line operation; by making corresponding components according to the arrangement, support structure and split form of the substation busbar, and assembling the simulation test platform according to the preset layout, the actual scene characteristics of busbar disconnection and diversion line operation can be reproduced, which helps to improve the problem of the test scene being out of touch with the actual working environment due to the lack of a targeted simulation platform in the prior art, and provides a test carrier that conforms to the actual working conditions for subsequent test condition setting and safety parameter calculation.

[0023] This allows the obtained insulation safety parameters to better suit the actual operational needs of disconnected busbar drain lines: By selecting operational scenarios for different voltage levels, setting phase-to-ground gaps, phase-to-phase gaps, and simulating human postures, and combining voltage impulse tests, discharge data, and meteorological parameter collection, and then determining the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance after meteorological correction and altitude correction, the limitations of existing technologies that apply other operational scenario standards or rely on experience to estimate safety parameters can be avoided. This makes the final insulation safety parameters more consistent with the operational characteristics of disconnected busbar drain lines, providing support for operational safety assurance. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a system architecture block diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1 provides a simulation method for a busbar disconnection test, such as... Figure 1 The steps shown are as follows:

[0028] Step 1: Based on the arrangement, support structure and splitting form of the substation busbars, fabricate multiple components, including simulated busbars, gantry frames, insulating supports, simulated lead-in lines, simulated personnel and insulating support components. Assemble the multiple components according to the preset layout to form a simulation test platform that simulates the working environment of the busbar lead-in line disconnection.

[0029] For example, multiple components refer to the core physical components required to simulate the working environment of the busbar disconnection and diversion line operation. Among them, the simulated busbar is used to reproduce the conductivity and structural characteristics of the actual busbar, the gantry is used to support the simulated busbar and auxiliary equipment, the insulating support is used to achieve insulation between the simulated busbar and the ground, the simulated diversion line is used to reproduce the sag and conductivity characteristics of the actual diversion line, the mannequin is used to reproduce the dielectric characteristics and posture of the operator, and the insulating support is used to support the mannequin or auxiliary components to ensure insulation performance.

[0030] In one possible implementation, step 1 includes the following sub-steps:

[0031] Sub-step 1.1: Measure the actual busbar spacing, support height, number of split conductors and spacing parameters of the substation, and determine the geometric scaling relationship of the simulated busbar.

[0032] Among them, the geometric scaling relationship refers to the corresponding relationship formed by reducing or enlarging the physical parameters such as the arrangement spacing and support height of the actual busbars of the substation according to a fixed ratio based on the spatial size limitations of the simulation test platform, so as to ensure that the geometric characteristics of the simulation platform are proportionally matched with the actual substation.

[0033] Sub-step 1.2: Based on the scaling relationship, fabricate the simulated busbar, gantry, and insulating support. The simulated busbar uses a material with the same conductivity characteristics as the actual busbar, and the split conductor structure matches the split form of the actual busbar.

[0034] Sub-step 1.3: The simulated instrument transformer, surge arrester, equalizing ring and coupling capacitor are used as auxiliary equipment components and are pre-installed on the corresponding positions of the gantry and insulating support according to the actual substation equipment layout parameters to form a preliminary assembly of components.

[0035] The preliminary assembled component assembly refers to the intermediate assembly formed after the pre-installation of the simulated busbar, gantry, insulating support and auxiliary equipment (simulated transformer, surge arrester, etc.). The simulated drain line, simulated man and insulating support components have not yet been installed, and it is the basis for the subsequent assembly of the complete platform.

[0036] Sub-step 1.4: Fix the simulated drainage line using an adjustable sag suspension device, monitor the tension of the drainage line in real time through a tension monitoring component, connect the simulated drainage line to the simulated busbar and the preliminarily assembled component assembly, and simulate the sag change of the drainage line under different loads.

[0037] Sub-step 1.5: Design the mannequin as a multi-joint adjustable structure, cover its surface with a material with an equivalent dielectric constant to that of the human body, set posture monitoring components at the joints, and install the mannequin and insulating support components onto the pre-assembled component assembly;

[0038] Sub-step 1.6: Based on the preliminarily assembled component assembly, check the reliability of the connection of each component, verify the consistency of the electric field simulation of the component layout through low-voltage electric field test, and form a simulation test platform to simulate the working environment of the disconnected busbar lead-in line.

[0039] Low-voltage electric field testing refers to a testing method that applies a low-amplitude AC or DC voltage (such as 1-10kV, which is far lower than the actual operating voltage) and uses electric field sensors to detect the electric field distribution in various areas of a simulated platform to verify its consistency with the electric field distribution pattern of an actual substation.

[0040] This step involves fabricating components through scaling and material matching, combined with low-voltage electric field testing and verification. This ensures that the geometry, conductivity, and electric field distribution of the simulation test platform closely match those of the actual substation, solving the problem of the simulation platform being out of sync with the actual environment in existing technologies. At the same time, the adjustable sag suspension device and multi-jointed mannequin provide an adjustable physical basis for subsequent dynamic working condition tests, ensuring the diversity and realism of the test scenarios.

[0041] Step 2: Based on the simulation test platform formed in Step 1, select the operation scenarios of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line for different voltage levels, and divide the operation stages of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line. Combine the operation scenarios and operation stages to set the phase-to-ground gap, phase-to-phase gap, simulated human position and attitude parameters, and determine multiple sets of test conditions including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions and dynamic attitude conditions.

[0042] In one possible implementation, step 2 includes the following sub-steps:

[0043] Sub-step 2.1: Select the disconnection scenarios as the disconnection of the busbar gantry side disconnection switch lead wire, the disconnection of the busbar directly below the disconnection switch lead wire, and the busbar side disconnection switch lead wire disconnection.

[0044] It should be noted that the work scenario refers to the specific location and environmental characteristics of the busbar disconnection operation. In this embodiment, it includes disconnecting the busbar gantry-side disconnector disconnector, with the work location next to the gantry; disconnecting the busbar directly below the disconnector disconnector, with the work location directly below the busbar; and disconnecting the busbar side disconnector disconnector, with the work location on the side of the busbar. These are all common disconnection operation locations in substations.

[0045] Sub-step 2.2: Divide the operation phases of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line, including the preparation phase of the operator building an insulation platform, the transition phase of the operator moving from ground potential to equipotential, the operation phase of the operator performing the disconnection operation, and the evacuation phase of the operator returning to ground potential.

[0046] The operation phase refers to the complete process of disconnecting the busbar drain line from start to finish, including the preparation phase: setting up an insulating platform to prepare for the operation; the transition phase: the operators move from ground potential to equipotential, with frequent changes in the gap; the operation phase: directly carrying out the drain line disconnection operation, with the closest distance to the live parts; and the evacuation phase: the operators return from equipotential to ground potential; covering all risk points of the entire operation process.

[0047] Sub-step 2.3: For the simulated human's dynamic working posture, set the range of variation of arm extension and retraction speed and body tilt angle, and generate a dynamic posture sequence that covers the actual working action as the core parameter of the dynamic posture condition.

[0048] Sub-step 2.4: Add multi-interval cross-operation scenarios, set the distance parameters between adjacent interval charged bodies and test intervals, and combine the phase-to-ground gap and phase-to-phase gap parameters of different operation scenarios and operation stages to form phase-to-phase test conditions and phase-to-ground test conditions under the action of cross electric fields.

[0049] Sub-step 2.5: For each voltage level, set multiple sets of gradient parameters according to the increasing gradient of phase-to-ground gap and phase-to-phase gap, with each set of parameters corresponding to the parameter combination of multiple repeated tests.

[0050] Sub-step 2.6: Based on the component layout boundary of the simulation test platform, eliminate parameter combinations that exceed the platform's load-bearing capacity, and determine multiple test conditions, including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions, and dynamic attitude conditions.

[0051] Among them, the test conditions refer to the combination of test parameters set for testing insulation performance under different conditions. The phase-to-phase test condition is used to test the gap insulation performance between phases, the phase-to-ground test condition is used to test the gap insulation performance between phase and ground, and the dynamic attitude test condition is used to test the insulation performance under the dynamic attitude of a simulated person.

[0052] Dynamic posture sequences refer to a series of continuous movements that simulate the changes in posture of a person during operation, such as arm extension and body tilting. Each movement corresponds to specific speed and angle parameters, reproducing the actual operation movements of the operator.

[0053] The insulation risks associated with disconnecting busbar lead wires vary depending on the work location (scenario), work process (stage), and personnel posture. A single working condition cannot fully cover the actual risks. This step selects typical scenarios, divides the entire process into stages, and sets multiple working conditions based on gap and posture parameters. This ensures that the test covers all key risk points in the work process, providing a comprehensive parameter basis for subsequent voltage impulse tests.

[0054] Step 3: Based on the determined multiple test conditions, apply the operating impulse voltage to the simulated lead-in line or simulated bus in the simulation test platform through the impulse voltage generator to form the voltage impulse test process under different test conditions.

[0055] It should be noted that the switching impulse voltage refers to the impulse voltage generated when simulating the operation of a substation switch (such as the opening and closing of a disconnector switch). The waveform is usually 250 / 2500μs, such as a wavefront time of 250μs and a half-peak time of 2500μs. The amplitude is set according to the voltage level. For example, the switching impulse voltage amplitude corresponding to the 220kV level is 850kV, which is consistent with the overvoltage characteristics of actual substation operation.

[0056] In one possible implementation, step 3 includes the following sub-steps:

[0057] Sub-step 3.1: For the phase-to-phase test conditions determined in sub-step 2.6, the trigger signals of multiple impulse voltage generators are synchronized through the signal transmission module of the synchronous triggering device, and the synchronization accuracy of the trigger signals is controlled; for the phase-to-ground test conditions determined in sub-step 2.6, a single impulse voltage generator is used to output the operating impulse voltage.

[0058] Among them, the synchronous triggering device refers to the equipment used to control the simultaneous output voltage of multiple impulse voltage generators, including a signal transmission module (such as fiber optic transmission) and a synchronous control module, which can ensure the synchronization of the trigger signals of multiple generators and avoid phase-to-phase voltage imbalance caused by trigger delay.

[0059] Sub-step 3.2: Before applying the operating impulse voltage, apply the rated operating voltage of the corresponding voltage level and maintain it for a set time to simulate the gap withstand state under normal operating voltage.

[0060] Sub-step 3.3: Add system fault overvoltage simulation. For each test condition determined in sub-step 2.6, set short-time impulse voltages of corresponding voltage levels and adjust the duration of the impulse voltages according to the set duration gradient.

[0061] System fault overvoltage refers to the short-term overvoltage generated when a short-circuit fault (such as a single-phase ground fault) occurs in a simulated substation. The amplitude is usually 2-3 times the rated voltage. For example, the fault overvoltage amplitude corresponding to the 220kV level is 550kV, and the duration is 0.1-1s, which reproduces the voltage environment under fault conditions.

[0062] Sub-step 3.4: For the dynamic attitude conditions determined in sub-step 2.6, apply an operational impulse voltage synchronously during the dynamic attitude sequence changes of the simulated person generated in sub-step 2.3, and record the time correlation data between attitude changes and discharge.

[0063] Among them, time-related data refers to the data recording the correspondence between the time of change of the simulated human posture and the time of discharge, which is used to analyze the correlation between dynamic changes in posture and discharge.

[0064] Sub-step 3.5: For each set of test conditions, after completing a single voltage impact, check that the simulated component is undamaged before proceeding to the next set of conditions, thus forming a voltage impact test process under different test conditions.

[0065] In this embodiment, during the disconnection of the busbar lead wire, operators may face the dual risks of operational overvoltage and fault overvoltage. Testing only the normal voltage cannot fully assess insulation safety. This step simulates the voltage environment in actual operation by applying operational impulse voltage and fault overvoltage. Combined with simulating human dynamic posture, it can realistically reproduce the insulation breakdown risk during the operation, providing realistic voltage conditions for subsequent discharge data acquisition.

[0066] Step 4: During the voltage impulse test under different test conditions, record the discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time using a measuring device.

[0067] It should be noted that discharge data refers to data related to air gap breakdown during voltage impulse testing, including the first discharge voltage peak (the maximum voltage value at the moment of breakdown), discharge path characteristic parameters (such as discharge start point, end point, and path length), and electric field intensity distribution data before discharge. These are the core data for analyzing insulation performance.

[0068] The meteorological parameters at the moment of discharge refer to the environmental meteorological data at the instant of air gap breakdown, including temperature (ambient air temperature), humidity (relative humidity), and air pressure (atmospheric pressure). These parameters affect the air insulation strength and need to be recorded synchronously with the discharge data.

[0069] In one possible implementation, step 4 includes the following sub-steps:

[0070] Sub-step 4.1: During the voltage impulse test formed in sub-step 3.5, a high-frequency voltage acquisition module is used to record the voltage waveform at the moment of discharge, and a high-speed camera is simultaneously triggered to capture the discharge path, extract the first discharge voltage peak value and discharge path characteristic parameters, and form voltage data of the discharge process.

[0071] Sub-step 4.2: Collect temperature, humidity and air pressure in real time through the meteorological parameter acquisition device, set the acquisition frequency to the frequency that meets the parameter recording requirements at the discharge time, and obtain the meteorological parameters at the discharge time.

[0072] Sub-step 4.3: Arrange electric field sensing components on key parts of the mannequin and the surface of the simulated drainage line to record the electric field intensity distribution data before discharge.

[0073] Among them, the electric field sensing component refers to the sensor (such as a parallel-plate capacitive electric field sensor) used to measure the electric field strength. It is installed on key parts of the simulated human (such as the hand and chest) and the surface of the simulated drainage line to record the electric field distribution before discharge.

[0074] Sub-step 4.4: Based on timestamp synchronization technology, associate the voltage data obtained in sub-step 4.1, the meteorological parameters at the discharge time obtained in sub-step 4.2, the attitude parameters recorded by the attitude monitoring component, and the electric field intensity distribution data obtained in sub-step 4.3 with the same time axis.

[0075] The timestamp synchronization technology refers to assigning a unified timestamp to all data acquisition devices (voltage acquisition modules, meteorological acquisition devices, attitude monitoring components, etc.) through GPS or a high-precision clock module, so as to ensure that the data collected by different devices are aligned in the time dimension with an error of less than 1ms.

[0076] Sub-step 4.5: Compare the voltage waveform and electric field distribution logic in the associated data, remove abnormal voltage data without corresponding electric field changes, and record the discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time.

[0077] The accuracy and synchronization of discharge data with meteorological parameters directly affect subsequent correction and analysis results. If meteorological parameters are not synchronized with the discharge time, it will lead to meteorological correction deviations; if key parameters (such as electric field distribution) are missing from the discharge data, it will be impossible to analyze the cause of the discharge. This step, through multi-device collaborative acquisition and timestamp synchronization, ensures that the data is comprehensive, accurate, and time-aligned, providing reliable raw data for subsequent meteorological and altitude correction.

[0078] Step 5: Correct the peak value of the first discharge voltage based on the meteorological parameters collected in Step 4 at the discharge time, eliminate the influence of meteorological factors, and obtain the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions.

[0079] In one possible implementation, step 5 includes the following sub-steps:

[0080] Sub-step 5.1: Substitute the meteorological parameters at the discharge time into the air density correction formula to calculate the actual air density, calculate the air density correction coefficient based on the actual air density and the standard air density, and perform preliminary correction on the first discharge voltage peak based on the air density correction coefficient, the humidity correction coefficient and the preset first correction formula to obtain the corrected second discharge voltage peak.

[0081] It should be noted that the air density correction formula is used to correct the discharge voltage at the actual air density to the discharge voltage at the standard air density. Considering the influence of air pressure and temperature on air density, the air density correction formula is as follows:

[0082] ρ=ρ0×(P / P0)×(T0 / (T+273.15))

[0083] Where ρ is the actual air density (kg / m³), ρ0 is the standard air density (1.205 kg / m³, corresponding to standard meteorological conditions), P is the actual air pressure (kPa), P0 is the standard air pressure (101.3 kPa), T is the actual temperature at the time of discharge (°C), and T0 is the standard temperature (20°C). Then, the air density correction factor k1 is calculated, k1 = ρ / ρ0.

[0084] The humidity correction factor is a coefficient used to correct the effect of relative humidity on air insulation strength. It is denoted by k2 and its value ranges from 0.9 to 1.05. The higher the humidity, the smaller k2 is (the lower the air insulation strength). It is obtained by fitting experimental data.

[0085] In the specific implementation process, based on the meteorological parameters at the discharge time recorded in sub-step 4.5, the actual air density ρ is calculated by substituting it into the air density correction formula, and then the air density correction coefficient k1=ρ / ρ0 is calculated; at the same time, the humidity correction coefficient table is consulted according to the relative humidity value (e.g., 65% humidity corresponds to k2=0.98, 70% humidity corresponds to k2=0.96), and the humidity correction coefficient k2 is obtained; the first correction formula U1=U0×(1 / k1)×(1 / k2) is used to preliminarily correct the first discharge voltage peak U0, and the corrected second discharge voltage peak U1 is obtained.

[0086] For example, taking a 220kV phase-to-ground test condition, with a peak first discharge voltage of 720kV, and meteorological parameters at the discharge time: temperature 25℃, air pressure 101.2kPa, and humidity 65%, the actual air density is calculated using the air density correction formula: ρ = 1.205 × (101.2 / 101.3) × (293.15 / (25+273.15)) ≈ 1.18 kg / m³; the air density correction factor is calculated: k1 = 1.18 / 1.205 ≈ 0.98; from the humidity correction factor table, k2 = 0.98.

[0087] According to the first correction formula U1=U0×(1 / k1)×(1 / k2), U1=720×(1 / 0.98)×(1 / 0.98)≈754kV, that is, the peak value of the second discharge voltage is 754kV.

[0088] Sub-step 5.2: Establish a temperature-humidity coupling correction model, input the temperature and humidity parameters at the discharge time, output the coupling correction coefficient, and perform secondary correction on the second discharge voltage peak value in combination with the preset second correction formula to obtain the corrected third discharge voltage peak value.

[0089] For example, the temperature-humidity coupled correction model is used to address the synergistic effects that cannot be covered by a single temperature or humidity correction (such as the more significant decrease in air insulation strength under high temperature and high humidity conditions). The model is obtained by fitting experimental data, and the formula is: k3=k0-a×(T-T0)-a×(h-h0).

[0090] The parameters are as follows: k3 represents the temperature and humidity coupling correction coefficient; k0 represents the baseline coupling coefficient, which is the baseline value of the correction coefficient under standard meteorological conditions, determined through fitting experimental data; a is the synergistic influence coefficient of temperature and humidity, reflecting the degree of influence of unit temperature / humidity deviation on the coupling correction coefficient, obtained through fitting multiple sets of temperature-humidity combination experimental data; T represents the actual temperature (°C) at the time of discharge; T 0表示 Reference temperature (°C) under standard meteorological conditions; h represents the actual relative humidity (%) at the time of discharge; h0 represents the reference humidity (%) under standard meteorological conditions.

[0091] In this embodiment, the specific values ​​of the above parameters were determined through the following experimental process: A typical temperature range (-10℃~40℃) and humidity range (30%~90%) were selected, and 100 discharge experiments with different temperature-humidity combinations were conducted in an artificial climate chamber; the experimental data were fitted using multiple linear regression to obtain the optimal parameters: k0=1.02 (the baseline value under standard meteorological conditions); a=0.001 (the weight of the influence of each unit deviation in temperature and humidity on the coupling coefficient); T0=20℃ (the standard temperature set according to GB / T16927.1-2011); h0=60% (the standard relative humidity set according to industry-standard norms). Taking a discharge temperature T=25℃ and humidity h=65% as an example, the formula was used to calculate k3=1.02-0.001×(25-20)-0.001×(65-60)=1.02-0.005-0.005=1.01.

[0092] The second correction formula is: U2 = U1 × k3; U2 is the corrected third discharge voltage peak value, and U1 is the second discharge voltage peak value.

[0093] Taking the example in sub-step 5.1 (temperature 25℃, humidity 65%, second discharge voltage peak 754kV) as an example: according to the second correction formula, U2=754×1.01≈762kV, that is, the third discharge voltage peak is 762kV.

[0094] Sub-step 5.3: Classify and organize the third discharge voltage peak value according to voltage level and gap type to form a standardized data set.

[0095] For example, for each independent test condition, the peak value of the third discharge voltage is calculated according to the correction logic in sub-steps 5.1-5.2 above; the voltage level, gap type, gap distance, and peak value of the third discharge voltage for all test conditions are organized in a unified format to form the following standardized data set:

[0096] voltage level Gap type Third discharge voltage peak value (kV) Corresponding gap distance (m) 110kV Phase-to-ground gap 380、410、440 0.3、0.4、0.5 110kV Interphase gap 420、450、480 0.4、0.5、0.6 220kV Phase-to-ground gap 680、720、762 0.4、0.5、0.6 220kV Interphase gap 730、770、810 0.5、0.6、0.7 500kV Phase-to-ground gap 1250、1320、1390 0.8、0.9、1.0 500kV Interphase gap 1350、1420、1490 0.9、1.0、1.1

[0097] Sub-step 5.4: Based on the standardized data set, extract the peak value of the third discharge voltage of the same gap type under different voltage levels and compare its changing trend; after confirming the consistency of the data trend, integrate the standardized data set and the trend verification results to obtain the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions.

[0098] For example, taking the phase-to-ground gap type as an example, the peak value of the third discharge voltage at different voltage levels is extracted:

[0099] 110kV phase-to-ground gap (0.5m): 440kV; 220kV phase-to-ground gap (0.5m): 720kV; 500kV phase-to-ground gap (0.5m): 1320kV; Comparing the trends, under the same gap distance, the higher the voltage level, the larger the peak value of the third discharge voltage (which conforms to the physical law that the higher the voltage level, the higher the requirement for air gap insulation strength, and the data trend is consistent).

[0100] The third discharge voltage peak value after classification is integrated with the trend verification results to form the first discharge characteristic data. This data includes the corrected voltage peak value and trend validity verification conclusions for different voltage levels and different gap types under standard meteorological conditions (20℃, 101.3kPa, 60%RH), providing a benchmark for subsequent altitude correction.

[0101] Step 6: Based on the first discharge characteristic data, perform altitude correction by combining the altitude factor, and calculate the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes.

[0102] In one possible implementation, step 6 includes the following sub-steps:

[0103] Sub-step 6.1: Input altitude parameters into the quantitative correspondence model between altitude and air density, and output the standard air density value at the corresponding altitude.

[0104] For example, the quantitative correspondence model between altitude and air density is obtained by fitting based on the laws of atmospheric physics. Referring to "GB / T42001-2022 Method for Altitude Correction of External Insulation Discharge Voltage in High Voltage Transmission and Transformation Engineering", the formula is: ρ(H)=ρ0×e^(-H / H0) where ρ(H) is the standard air density at altitude H (kg / m³), H is the altitude (m), ρ0 is the standard air density at sea level (1.205kg / m³), and H0 is the characteristic altitude (8000m, determined by fitting high altitude test data).

[0105] Example of calculating air density at different altitudes:

[0106] At an altitude of 0m: ρ(0) = 1.205 × e^(-0 / 8000) = 1.205 kg / m³;

[0107] Altitude 2100m: ρ(2100)=1.205×e^(-2100 / 8000)≈0.92kg / m³;

[0108] Altitude 3000m: ρ(3000)=1.205×e^(-3000 / 8000)≈0.85kg / m³;

[0109] Altitude 4500m: ρ(4500)=1.205×e^(-4500 / 8000)≈0.75kg / m³.

[0110] Sub-step 6.2: Substitute the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions into the high-altitude external insulation discharge voltage correction formula, and combine it with the air density value output from sub-step 6.1 to calculate the second discharge characteristic data after preliminary altitude correction.

[0111] For example, the high-altitude external insulation discharge voltage correction formula is used to correct the discharge voltage under standard meteorological conditions (altitude 0m) to the discharge voltage at the target altitude. The formula is: U(H)=U2×(ρ(H) / ρ0)^n where U(H) is the fourth discharge voltage peak value at altitude H (i.e., the core parameter of the second discharge characteristic data), U2 is the third discharge voltage peak value in the first discharge characteristic data, ρ(H) is the air density at altitude H, ρ0 is the air density at sea level, and n is the altitude correction index (phase-to-ground gap n=0.5, phase-to-phase gap n=0.6, determined by fitting experimental data).

[0112] Taking a 220kV phase-to-ground gap as an example, the peak third discharge voltage of 720kV for a 0.5m gap in the first discharge characteristic data:

[0113] Altitude 2100m: U(2100)=720×(0.92 / 1.205)^0.5≈720×0.87≈626kV;

[0114] At an altitude of 3000m: U(3000)=720×(0.85 / 1.205)^0.5≈720×0.84≈605kV;

[0115] Altitude 4500m: U(4500)=720×(0.75 / 1.205)^0.5≈720×0.79≈569kV;

[0116] The U(H) values ​​at different altitudes are organized according to altitude, voltage level, and gap type to form the second discharge characteristic data.

[0117] Sub-step 6.3: For environments above a preset altitude threshold, introduce a composite correction coefficient based on the standard air density and average humidity in that environment; combine the preset high-altitude secondary correction formula, use the composite correction coefficient to adjust and calculate the second discharge characteristic data after the initial altitude correction, and obtain the third discharge characteristic data after secondary correction.

[0118] For example, the preset altitude threshold is set to 3000m (referencing GB / T42001-2022, altitudes above 3000m are considered high-altitude special environments where low air pressure and complex weather have a significant synergistic effect); the composite correction coefficient k4 considers the synergistic effect of low air pressure (air density) and high-altitude average humidity, and is obtained by fitting data from high-altitude test stations (such as the Tibet test station at an altitude of 3200m), and the formula is:

[0119] ;

[0120] Among them, the k5 composite correction reference coefficient, that is, the correction reference value at an altitude of 0m and standard humidity, is determined by fitting multi-altitude test data; k H The altitude influence coefficient reflects the degree of influence of unit altitude on the composite correction coefficient, and is obtained by fitting data from high-altitude test stations; H is the target altitude; k h is the high-altitude humidity influence coefficient, reflecting the degree of influence of unit humidity deviation on the composite correction coefficient, which is obtained by fitting humidity-discharge data of different high-altitude areas; h2 is the annual average relative humidity (%) of the target altitude, such as h2=55% for areas at an altitude of 3000m and h2=45% for areas at an altitude of 4500m; h0 is the reference humidity under standard meteorological conditions.

[0121] In this embodiment, the specific values ​​of the constants in the formula are determined through the following process:

[0122] Experimental data were collected at five altitude gradients: 0m, 1000m, 2100m, 3000m, and 4500m. Combined with the annual average humidity at each altitude (e.g., 55% at 3000m and 45% at 4500m), multiple linear regression was performed. Referring to the high-altitude external insulation correction requirements in GB / T42001-2022, the optimal constant value was determined: k5 = 1.0 (the baseline correction coefficient at 0m altitude and standard humidity). H =0.00005 (weight of the impact of each 1m increase in altitude on the composite coefficient); k h =0.0005 (weight of the effect of each 1% humidity deviation on the composite coefficient); h0=60%.

[0123] The high-altitude secondary correction formula is U3=U(H)×k4. U3 is the peak value of the fifth discharge voltage after correction.

[0124] Taking a 220kV phase-to-ground gap and an altitude of 3000m as an example: calculate the composite correction coefficient k4 = 1.0 - 0.00005 × 3000 - 0.0005 × (55 - 60) = 1.0 - 0.15 + 0.025 = 0.875; after the second correction, the voltage U3 = 605 × 0.875 ≈ 529kV; similarly, at an altitude of 4500m (h2 = 45%): k4 = 1.0 - 0.00005 × 4500 - 0.0005 × (45 - 60) = 0.85, U3 = 569 × 0.85 ≈ 484kV; organize the above voltages after the second correction to form the third discharge characteristic data.

[0125] Sub-step 6.4: Based on the third discharge characteristic data, calculate the breakdown voltage characteristics and air gap breakdown probability distribution function at each altitude to form the correlation data between altitude and discharge characteristics.

[0126] For example, the core of the breakdown voltage characteristic is the 50% breakdown voltage (the voltage at which breakdown occurs with a 50% probability in multiple tests), calculated using repeated test data from the same altitude and the same gap type (e.g., 30 tests per set of operating conditions):

[0127] Taking a 220kV phase-to-ground gap, an altitude of 3000m, and a gap of 0.5m as an example: in 30 tests, the average voltage corresponding to 15 breakdowns was 529kV, that is, the 50% breakdown voltage was 529kV.

[0128] Calculate the standard deviation σ using the formula: ( This is the fifth discharge voltage peak value in a single test. (where n is the number of tests and the breakdown voltage is 50%), we get σ≈26kV.

[0129] The air gap breakdown probability distribution function is fitted using a normal distribution model, and the formula is: U3 is the fifth discharge voltage peak value (kV). It represents the probability of air gap breakdown; by integrating the 50% breakdown voltage, standard deviation, and air gap breakdown probability distribution function for each altitude and each gap type, we form correlation data between altitude and discharge characteristics, providing core parameters for subsequent safe distance calculations.

[0130] It should be noted that the air gap breakdown probability distribution function uses a normal distribution model, and its core application tool is the standard normal distribution table. By normalizing the parameters, the corresponding cumulative probability value can be quickly looked up without complex integral calculations.

[0131] Step 7: Based on the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes and the requirements for the risk rate of live-line work, determine the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes.

[0132] In one possible implementation, step 7 includes the following sub-steps:

[0133] Sub-step 7.1: Based on the preset live-line work hazard rate requirements, and combining the operation overvoltage probability distribution with the air gap breakdown probability distribution function obtained in sub-step 6.4, the minimum safe distance benchmark value is calculated through bi-distribution convolution.

[0134] For example, the preset requirement for the hazard rate of live-line work is ≤10. -5 The process of calculating the minimum safe distance baseline value is as follows:

[0135] Operating overvoltage probability distribution This refers to the statistical distribution pattern of switching overvoltage amplitudes during actual substation operation, obtained based on historical operating data of 220kV and 500kV substation switch operations and electromagnetic transient simulations (such as PSCAD / EMTDC simulations). Its core parameters include: the average amplitude of switching overvoltages. Take 2.0-2.5 times the rated voltage of the system (e.g., for a 220kV system). =2.5×220=550kV); Standard deviation of switching overvoltage σ0: taken according to industry general rules. (Reflecting the dispersion of overvoltage amplitude), providing system-side overvoltage parameters to support subsequent hazard rate calculations.

[0136] Based on the air gap breakdown probability distribution The parameters reflecting the breakdown characteristics of this gap in high-altitude environments include: and .

[0137] Altitude 2100m, 220kV phase-to-ground gap kV (statistical results of 30 repeated trials). kV.

[0138] Risk rate By substitution, we get: ;

[0139] Where the normalization parameter Substitute parameters to calculate. :

[0140] Look up the standard normal distribution table. Corresponding risk rate (14.8%), much greater than 10 -5 This indicates that the current clearance distance cannot meet the safety requirements and needs to be further increased.

[0141] By iteratively back-calculating the minimum safe distance benchmark value d, the risk rate R is required to be ≤10. -5 The corresponding value needs to be found through the standard normal distribution table. .

[0142] gap distance Directly affects the breakdown characteristics of the air gap — When increased, the 50% breakdown voltage peak value It increases accordingly.

[0143] Combining the industry-standard fitting formula for 220kV phase-to-ground gap (At the same time, the standard deviation of the breakdown voltage) and Proportional, taking a coefficient of variation of 5%, that is Will , Substitution The formula, when solved iteratively, satisfies... The smallest .

[0144] Through iterative verification, the final requirement of risk rate R ≤ 10 was met. -5 The minimum safe distance benchmark is approximately 1.07m.

[0145] Sub-step 7.2: For the preparation stage, transition stage, operation stage and evacuation stage divided in sub-step 2.2, set the safety redundancy ratio according to the risk level of each stage, and add the redundancy amount on the basis of the minimum safety distance benchmark value to obtain the minimum safety distance adjustment value for each operation stage.

[0146] For example, for example, the security redundancy ratio is set according to the risk level:

[0147] Preparation phase (low risk, workers stay away from live parts): Redundancy ratio 8%;

[0148] Transition phase (high risk, frequent changes in gaps): Redundancy ratio 12%;

[0149] Operational phase (high risk, close-range operation): Redundancy ratio 15%;

[0150] Evacuation phase (low risk, away from charged objects): redundancy ratio 8%.

[0151] Taking "altitude 2100m, minimum safe distance benchmark value 1.07m" as an example:

[0152] The adjustment value during the preparation stage is approximately 1.07 × (1 + 8%) ≈ 1.16 m.

[0153] The adjustment value for the transition phase is approximately 1.07 × (1 + 12%) ≈ 1.20 m.

[0154] Adjustment value during operation phase = 1.07 × (1 + 15%) ≈ 1.23 m;

[0155] The adjustment value for the evacuation phase is approximately 1.07 × (1 + 8%) ≈ 1.16 m.

[0156] Sub-step 7.3: Introduce the measured value of the shielding efficiency of the shielding suit as a correction coefficient, substitute it into the minimum combined gap distance calculation formula, and adjust to obtain the minimum combined gap distance suitable for the shielding suit protection.

[0157] For example, the shielding efficiency SE of the shielding suit is obtained through actual measurement (e.g., SE=30dB, corresponding to the shielding efficiency coefficient k). SE =10^(-SE / 20)=0.03, that is, the electric field strength after shielding is 3% of the original strength; the minimum combined gap distance (the minimum gap between a live conductor and the ground / between a live conductor when the operator is wearing a shielding suit) is calculated as follows: d1=d2×k_se^(-0.2), where d2 is the minimum safe distance adjustment value for the corresponding operation stage, and 0.2 is an empirical coefficient (based on the fitting of shielding suit protection test data).

[0158] Taking an altitude of 2100m and an adjustment value of 1.23m during the operation phase as an example, d1=1.23×0.03^(-0.2)≈1.23×2.1≈1.09m, that is, the minimum combination gap distance for adapting to shielding suit protection is 2.58m.

[0159] Sub-step 7.4: Set the work gap warning threshold. When the actual work gap is less than the preset ratio of the minimum safe distance adjustment value obtained in sub-step 7.2, an early warning is triggered, forming a hierarchical safety parameter system.

[0160] For example, the preset ratio is set to 90% (a commonly used industry warning threshold ratio), that is, the warning threshold = minimum safe distance adjustment value × 90%.

[0161] The adjustment value for the transition stage at an altitude of 2100m is 1.20m, and the warning threshold is approximately 1.20 × 90% = 1.08m.

[0162] When the actual working gap (measured by a laser rangefinder) is less than 1.08m, an audible and visual warning is triggered (the alarm sounds and the indicator light flashes red) to remind the workers to adjust their positions.

[0163] The minimum safe distance adjustment values, minimum combined clearance distances, and warning thresholds for each altitude and each operational stage are categorized and organized to form a hierarchical safety parameter system, facilitating quick lookup by on-site personnel.

[0164] Sub-step 7.5: Based on the actual operating space dimensions of the work scenario selected in sub-step 2.1, adjust the redundancy in the graded safety parameter system to determine the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes.

[0165] For example, by combining the actual operating space dimensions of the work scenario selected in sub-step 2.1 (e.g., 1.5m operating space for the "disconnection of busbar gantry side drain line" scenario), the redundancy in the graded safety parameter system is adjusted (e.g., the redundancy ratio of the operation stage is reduced from 15% to 12%), and finally the minimum safe distance (e.g., 1.20m for the operation stage at an altitude of 2100m) and the minimum combined gap distance (e.g., 2.45m for the operation stage at an altitude of 2100m) are determined at different altitudes, providing a clear basis for safe operation of the busbar drain line disconnection work in the substation.

[0166] The second aspect of this application provides a simulation system for a busbar disconnection test, which applies the above-described simulation method for a busbar disconnection test, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0167] The test platform construction module is used to manufacture multiple components based on the arrangement, support structure and splitting form of the substation busbar. These components include a simulated busbar, gantry frame, insulating support column, simulated drain line, simulated person and insulating support. The multiple components are assembled according to a preset layout to form a simulated test platform that simulates the working environment of the disconnected busbar drain line.

[0168] The test condition determination module is based on the simulated test platform formed by the test platform construction module. It selects the operation scenarios of disconnecting the busbar lead wire for different voltage levels and divides the operation stages of disconnecting the busbar lead wire. It sets the phase-to-ground gap, phase-to-phase gap, and the position and posture parameters of the simulated person in combination with the operation scenarios and operation stages, and determines multiple sets of test conditions including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions and dynamic posture conditions.

[0169] The voltage impulse test module, based on multiple sets of test conditions determined by the test condition determination module, applies an operational impulse voltage to the simulated lead-in line or simulated bus in the simulated test platform through an impulse voltage generator, thereby forming a voltage impulse test process under different test conditions.

[0170] The data acquisition module records discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time through a measuring device during the voltage impulse test under different test conditions formed by the voltage impulse test module.

[0171] The meteorological correction module corrects the peak value of the first discharge voltage based on the meteorological parameters collected by the data acquisition module at the discharge time, eliminates the influence of meteorological factors, and obtains the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions.

[0172] An altitude correction module is used to perform altitude correction based on the corrected discharge characteristic data obtained from the meteorological correction module, combined with altitude factors, and to calculate discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes.

[0173] The safety parameter determination module determines the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes based on the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes obtained by the altitude correction module and in combination with the requirements for the hazard rate of live-line work.

[0174] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of specific implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation method for a busbar disconnection test of the drain wire, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the arrangement, support structure and splitting form of the substation busbars, fabricate multiple components, including simulated busbars, gantry frames, insulating supports, simulated lead-in lines, simulated personnel and insulating support components. Assemble the multiple components according to the preset layout to form a simulation test platform that simulates the working environment of the busbar lead-in line disconnection. Step 2: Based on the simulation test platform formed in Step 1, select the operation scenarios of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line for different voltage levels, and divide the operation stages of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line. Combine the operation scenarios and operation stages to set the phase-to-ground gap, phase-to-phase gap, simulated human position and attitude parameters, and determine multiple sets of test conditions including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions and dynamic attitude conditions. Step 3: Based on the determined multiple test conditions, apply the operating impulse voltage to the simulated lead-in line or simulated bus in the simulation test platform through the impulse voltage generator to form the voltage impulse test process under different test conditions; Step 4: During the voltage impulse test under different test conditions, the discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time are recorded by the measuring device; the discharge data includes the first discharge voltage peak value. Step 5: Correct the peak value of the first discharge voltage based on the meteorological parameters collected in Step 4 to eliminate the influence of meteorological factors and obtain the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions. Step 6: Based on the first discharge characteristic data, perform altitude correction by combining the altitude factor, and calculate the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes. Step 7: Based on the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes and the requirements for the risk rate of live-line work, determine the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes.

2. The simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1 includes the following sub-steps: Sub-step 1.1: Measure the actual busbar spacing, support height, number of split conductors and spacing parameters of the substation, and determine the geometric scaling relationship of the simulated busbar; Sub-step 1.2: Based on the scaling relationship, fabricate the simulated busbar, gantry, and insulating support. The simulated busbar uses a material with the same conductivity characteristics as the actual busbar, and the split conductor structure matches the split form of the actual busbar. Sub-step 1.3: The simulated instrument transformer, surge arrester, equalizing ring and coupling capacitor are used as auxiliary equipment components and are pre-installed on the corresponding positions of the gantry and insulating support according to the actual substation equipment layout parameters to form a preliminary assembly of components; Sub-step 1.4: Fix the simulated drainage line using an adjustable sag suspension device, monitor the tension of the drainage line in real time using a tension monitoring component, connect the simulated drainage line to the simulated busbar and the preliminarily assembled component assembly, and simulate the sag change of the drainage line under different loads. Sub-step 1.5: Design the mannequin as a multi-joint adjustable structure, cover its surface with a material with an equivalent dielectric constant to that of the human body, set posture monitoring components at the joints, and install the mannequin and insulating support components onto the pre-assembled component assembly; Sub-step 1.6: Based on the preliminarily assembled component assembly, check the reliability of the connection of each component, verify the consistency of the electric field simulation of the component layout through low-voltage electric field test, and form a simulation test platform to simulate the working environment of the disconnected busbar lead-in line.

3. The simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2 includes the following sub-steps: Sub-step 2.1: Select the disconnection scenarios as the disconnection of the busbar gantry side disconnection switch lead wire, the disconnection of the busbar directly below the disconnection switch lead wire, and the busbar side disconnection switch lead wire disconnection. Sub-step 2.2: Divide the operation phases of disconnecting the busbar lead-out line, including the preparation phase of the operator building an insulation platform, the transition phase of the operator moving from ground potential to equipotential, the operation phase of the operator performing the disconnection operation, and the evacuation phase of the operator returning to ground potential. Sub-step 2.3: For the simulated human dynamic working posture, set the range of variation of arm extension and retraction speed and body tilt angle, and generate a dynamic posture sequence that covers the actual working action as the core parameter of dynamic posture working condition; Sub-step 2.4: Add multi-interval cross-operation scenarios, set the distance parameters between adjacent interval charged bodies and test intervals, and combine the phase-to-ground gap and phase-to-phase gap parameters of different operation scenarios and operation stages to form phase-to-phase test conditions and phase-to-ground test conditions under the action of cross electric fields. Sub-step 2.5: For each voltage level, set multiple sets of gradient parameters according to the increasing gradient of phase-to-ground gap and phase-to-phase gap, with each set of parameters corresponding to the parameter combination of multiple repeated tests; Sub-step 2.6: Based on the component layout boundary of the simulation test platform, eliminate parameter combinations that exceed the platform's load-bearing capacity, and determine multiple test conditions, including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions, and dynamic attitude conditions.

4. The simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step 3 includes the following sub-steps: Sub-step 3.1: For the phase-to-phase test conditions determined in sub-step 2.6, the trigger signals of multiple impulse voltage generators are synchronized through the signal transmission module of the synchronous triggering device, and the synchronization accuracy of the trigger signals is controlled; For the phase-to-ground test conditions determined in sub-step 2.6, a single impulse voltage generator is used to output the operating impulse voltage; Sub-step 3.2: Before applying the operating impulse voltage, apply the rated operating voltage of the corresponding voltage level and maintain it for a set time to simulate the gap withstand state under normal operating voltage. Sub-step 3.3: Add system fault overvoltage simulation. For each test condition determined in sub-step 2.6, set short-time impulse voltages of corresponding voltage levels and adjust the duration of the impulse voltages according to the set duration gradient. Sub-step 3.4: For the dynamic attitude conditions determined in sub-step 2.6, apply an operational impulse voltage synchronously during the dynamic attitude sequence changes of the simulator generated in sub-step 2.3, and record the time correlation data between attitude changes and discharge. Sub-step 3.5: For each set of test conditions, after completing a single voltage impact, check that the simulated component is undamaged before proceeding to the next set of conditions, thus forming a voltage impact test process under different test conditions.

5. The simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step 4 includes the following sub-steps: Sub-step 4.1: During the voltage impulse test formed in sub-step 3.5, a high-frequency voltage acquisition module is used to record the voltage waveform at the moment of discharge, and a high-speed camera is simultaneously triggered to capture the discharge path, extract the first discharge voltage peak value and discharge path characteristic parameters, and form voltage data of the discharge process; Sub-step 4.2: Collect temperature, humidity, and air pressure in real time through the meteorological parameter acquisition device, set the acquisition frequency to the frequency required for recording parameters at the discharge time, and obtain the meteorological parameters at the discharge time. Sub-step 4.3: Arrange electric field sensing components on key parts of the mannequin and the surface of the simulated drainage line to record the electric field intensity distribution data before discharge; Sub-step 4.4: Based on timestamp synchronization technology, associate the voltage data obtained in sub-step 4.1, the meteorological parameters at the discharge time obtained in sub-step 4.2, the attitude parameters recorded by the attitude monitoring component, and the electric field intensity distribution data obtained in sub-step 4.3 to the same time axis; Sub-step 4.5: Compare the voltage waveform and electric field distribution logic in the associated data, remove abnormal voltage data without corresponding electric field changes, and record the discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time.

6. The simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 5 includes the following sub-steps: Sub-step 5.1: Substitute the meteorological parameters at the time of discharge into the air density correction formula to calculate the actual air density, calculate the air density correction coefficient based on the actual air density and the standard air density, and perform preliminary correction on the first discharge voltage peak based on the air density correction coefficient, the humidity correction coefficient and the preset first correction formula to obtain the corrected second discharge voltage peak. Sub-step 5.2: Establish a temperature-humidity coupled correction model. Input the temperature and humidity parameters at the discharge time, output the coupling correction coefficient, and perform a second correction on the second discharge voltage peak value using a preset second correction formula to obtain the corrected third discharge voltage peak value. Sub-step 5.3: Classify and organize the third discharge voltage peak value according to voltage level and gap type to form a standardized data set; Sub-step 5.4: Based on the standardized data set, extract the peak value of the third discharge voltage of the same gap type under different voltage levels and compare its changing trend; after confirming the consistency of the data trend, integrate the standardized data set and the trend verification results to obtain the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions.

7. The simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 6 includes the following sub-steps: Sub-step 6.1: Input altitude parameters into the quantitative correspondence model between altitude and air density, and output the standard air density value at the corresponding altitude; Sub-step 6.2: Substitute the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions into the high-altitude external insulation discharge voltage correction formula, and combine it with the air density value output from sub-step 6.1 to calculate the second discharge characteristic data after preliminary altitude correction; Sub-step 6.3: For environments above the preset altitude threshold, a composite correction coefficient based on the standard air density and average humidity under that environment is introduced; combined with the preset high altitude secondary correction formula, the composite correction coefficient is used to adjust and calculate the second discharge characteristic data after the initial altitude correction to obtain the third discharge characteristic data after secondary correction. Sub-step 6.4: Based on the third discharge characteristic data, calculate the breakdown voltage characteristics and air gap breakdown probability distribution function at each altitude to form the correlation data between altitude and discharge characteristics.

8. The simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 7 includes the following sub-steps: Sub-step 7.1: Based on the preset live-line work hazard rate requirements, and combining the operation overvoltage probability distribution with the air gap breakdown probability distribution function obtained in sub-step 6.4, the minimum safe distance benchmark value is obtained by double distribution convolution calculation; Sub-step 7.2: For the preparation stage, transition stage, operation stage and evacuation stage divided in sub-step 2.2, set the safety redundancy ratio according to the risk level of each stage, and add the redundancy amount on the basis of the minimum safety distance benchmark value to obtain the minimum safety distance adjustment value for each operation stage. Sub-step 7.3: Introduce the measured value of the shielding efficiency of the shielding suit as a correction coefficient, substitute it into the minimum combined gap distance calculation formula, and adjust to obtain the minimum combined gap distance suitable for the shielding suit protection; Sub-step 7.4: Set the work gap warning threshold. When the actual work gap is less than the preset ratio of the minimum safe distance adjustment value obtained in sub-step 7.2, an early warning is triggered, forming a hierarchical safety parameter system. Sub-step 7.5: Based on the actual operating space dimensions of the work scenario selected in sub-step 2.1, adjust the redundancy in the graded safety parameter system to determine the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes.

9. A simulation system for a busbar disconnection test, characterized in that, A simulation method for a busbar disconnection test according to any one of claims 1-8 includes: The test platform construction module is used to manufacture multiple components based on the arrangement, support structure and splitting form of the substation busbar. These components include a simulated busbar, gantry frame, insulating support column, simulated drain line, simulated person and insulating support. The multiple components are assembled according to a preset layout to form a simulated test platform that simulates the working environment of the disconnected busbar drain line. The test condition determination module is based on the simulated test platform formed by the test platform construction module. It selects the operation scenarios of disconnecting the busbar lead wire for different voltage levels and divides the operation stages of disconnecting the busbar lead wire. It sets the phase-to-ground gap, phase-to-phase gap, and the position and posture parameters of the simulated person in combination with the operation scenarios and operation stages, and determines multiple sets of test conditions including phase-to-phase test conditions, phase-to-ground test conditions and dynamic posture conditions. The voltage impulse test module, based on multiple sets of test conditions determined by the test condition determination module, applies an operational impulse voltage to the simulated lead-in line or simulated bus in the simulated test platform through an impulse voltage generator, thereby forming a voltage impulse test process under different test conditions. The data acquisition module records discharge data and meteorological parameters at the discharge time through a measuring device during the voltage impulse test under different test conditions formed by the voltage impulse test module. The meteorological correction module corrects the peak value of the first discharge voltage based on the meteorological parameters collected by the data acquisition module at the discharge time, eliminates the influence of meteorological factors, and obtains the first discharge characteristic data under standard meteorological conditions. An altitude correction module is used to perform altitude correction based on the corrected discharge characteristic data obtained from the meteorological correction module, combined with altitude factors, and to calculate discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes. The safety parameter determination module determines the minimum safe distance and minimum combined gap distance at different altitudes based on the discharge characteristic parameters at different altitudes obtained by the altitude correction module and in combination with the requirements for the hazard rate of live-line work.

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