Land space function partitioning method and system based on landform pattern constraint

Abstract

The invention discloses a territorial space function partitioning method and system based on landform pattern constraint, and relates to the technical field of territorial space planning and geographic space, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a basic expression object of territorial space analysis; constructing a multi-index evaluation system, and quantifying suitability scores in different function directions through a structured model; according to the landform stress degree, hydrological connectivity and natural boundary features, setting use limiting conditions, and superposing the use limiting conditions to a spatial constraint system constructed by the suitability score; and performing use selection and decision optimization by using the suitability score of each function direction of the landform classification unit, performing neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching processing on a preliminary use configuration result, and outputting a final spatial function partition and spatial expression. According to the method, the expression precision of the natural landform constraint in territorial space planning and the use configuration scientificity are effectively improved, and a technical support is provided for constructing a safer, more efficient and sustainable territorial space layout.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of land spatial planning and geospatial analysis technology, specifically to a method and system for land spatial functional zoning based on geomorphic pattern constraints. Background Technology

[0002] With the gradual improvement of the national spatial planning system, the spatial use control system has become an important tool for ensuring the efficient use of land resources and the construction of an ecological security pattern. As a crucial carrier of the formation and evolution of the natural environment, landforms contain information on elements such as topographic relief, hydrological networks, and geological structures, directly constraining regional resource carrying capacity, suitable development areas, and ecological security patterns. In recent years, digital elevation models (DEMs), remote sensing image interpretation, and geospatial analysis models have been gradually introduced into the national spatial planning technology system to identify differences in natural attributes across different regions and to assist in the delineation of ecological protection red lines, the protection of permanent basic farmland, and the determination of urban development boundaries. However, existing planning technologies rely more on existing land use patterns or single-indicator evaluation methods in the spatial delineation process, and the quantitative description of the systematic constraints of landforms remains relatively limited.

[0003] Existing methods for territorial spatial functional zoning primarily rely on current land use status, resource endowment, and socio-economic needs for land use allocation. They often prioritize administrative boundaries and existing built-up areas, neglecting natural boundary factors such as topographic structure, abrupt slope changes, and hydrological connectivity. This leads to a disconnect between planning zoning results and the natural landscape, resulting in fragmented and disjointed distributions. Furthermore, traditional suitability assessment methods often employ single-objective static weight models, scoring and ranking only local indicators. This fails to reflect the boundary constraints of natural topographic stress on land use access conditions, allowing potentially high-risk areas to still be included in construction or cultivation areas, undermining the control of territorial spatial safety. While publicly available multi-indicator evaluation results can provide a ranking of land use potential, they lack a coordination mechanism with land use permissibility conditions, making it difficult to form a spatial constraint system with differentiated access attributes. Moreover, the lack of specific treatment for topographic spatial connectivity and morphological integrity in planning outcomes results in fragmented boundaries and disjointed natural structures in the final regional spatial representation, hindering long-term governance implementation. Therefore, existing technologies generally suffer from defects such as a lack of landform-driven zoning logic, a disconnect between constraint rules and suitability evaluation, and a lack of natural morphological correction in spatial expression, and are still unable to achieve a national land space zoning expression that is highly coupled with the natural pattern. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem solved by this invention is that existing land spatial functional zoning methods neglect the dominant role of geomorphic structure, lack coordination between suitability evaluation and land use access, and have mismatches between spatial expression and natural boundaries. It also addresses the problem of how to construct a multi-objective linkage land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints, comprising: acquiring digital elevation models and geomorphic structure data; dividing the study area into geomorphic classification units through morphological feature extraction to construct the basic expression objects for land spatial analysis; constructing a multi-index evaluation system using the natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity information of the geomorphic classification units, and quantifying the suitability scores of different functional directions through a structured model; setting use restrictions based on the degree of geomorphic stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundary characteristics, and superimposing them on the spatial constraint system constructed by the suitability scores; using the suitability scores of each functional direction of the geomorphic classification units for use selection and decision optimization to form preliminary land spatial zoning results; performing neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching processing on the preliminary use configuration results to output the final spatial functional zoning and spatial expression.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the land space functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints described in this invention, the acquisition of digital elevation model and geomorphic structure data includes acquiring DEM data with a spatial resolution of not less than 30m, calculating topographic features such as slope, aspect, curvature, geomorphic relief, and surface roughness coefficient; acquiring geomorphic structure data including water system density, fault zone distribution, and sediment types; and using geomorphic morphology analysis methods to classify the study area into geomorphic types and construct geomorphic classification units.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the land space functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints described in this invention, the method of constructing a multi-index evaluation system using the natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity information of geomorphic classification units includes grouping three functions—ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban construction—to form a multi-dimensional index matrix; standardizing the multi-dimensional index matrix and establishing a structured evaluation model using a weight determination method to output the suitability score of each geomorphic classification unit in different functional directions; the suitability score includes dimensional suitability results and a comprehensive suitability result based on risk deduction processing.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the land space functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints described in this invention, the step of setting use restriction conditions according to geomorphic stress degree, hydrological connectivity and natural boundary characteristics includes determining the use access level, dividing each geomorphic classification unit into permitted, restricted or prohibited use levels, integrating geomorphic topological neighborhood relationships, using the spatial continuous expression ability of use restriction rules, and directly superimposing them onto the suitability score to construct a constraint system.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the land space functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints described in this invention, the decision optimization includes setting uniqueness constraints on the use of each geomorphic classification unit, and setting minimum or maximum spatial scale range control conditions in combination with regional-scale agricultural, ecological and construction development needs; carrying out competitive allocation of uses based on suitability scores, determining the final use of each classification unit, and recording the correspondence between use number, spatial location index and geomorphic attributes, and outputting preliminary land space zoning results.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the land space functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints described in this invention, the process of performing neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching on the preliminary use configuration results includes identifying isolated areas and use fault zones in the use distribution, and carrying out use aggregation or local adjustment based on neighborhood use characteristics to ensure that the same functional use is continuously expressed in space.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the land use functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints described in this invention, the natural boundary matching process includes morphological correction of the preliminary use boundary based on slope abrupt change zones, valley cutting lines and geomorphic phase transition boundaries, and geometric adjustment of the outer boundary to make the zoning boundary tend to be consistent with the natural boundary. Combined with the cadastral boundary, a spatial expression result is formed, and the land use zoning result is output.

[0013] Another objective of this invention is to provide a land space functional zoning system based on geomorphic pattern constraints. This system can optimize land use selection and decision-making by utilizing the suitability scores of each functional direction of geomorphic classification units, thereby forming preliminary land space zoning results. This solves the problem that current land space functional zoning methods lack coordination between suitability evaluation and land use access.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the land use functional zoning system based on geomorphic pattern constraints described in this invention, the system includes: a geomorphic cognition and basic unit construction module, a multi-index evaluation and use constraint setting module, and a use competition allocation and morphological correction output module. The geomorphic cognition and basic unit construction module collects digital elevation models and geomorphic structure data, extracts topographic morphology and natural boundary information, and constructs geomorphic classification units as the smallest spatial representation objects for land use analysis and decision-making. The multi-index evaluation and use constraint setting module quantifies the suitability scores for different functional directions for each geomorphic classification unit based on natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity indicators. Simultaneously, it sets use permissibility rules based on geomorphic stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundaries to form a spatial constraint system. The use competition allocation and morphological correction output module completes spatial use selection based on the suitability evaluation results and corrects spatial morphology through neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching, ultimately generating the land use functional zoning results.

[0015] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement a method for zoning national land space based on topographical constraints.

[0016] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the steps of a land spatial functional zoning method based on topographical pattern constraints.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints provided by this invention replaces the traditional spatial division method based on administrative units or rule grids with geomorphic classification units. This ensures that the analyzed objects themselves possess natural boundary continuity and geomorphic attribute consistency, providing a fundamental guarantee for the natural rationality of the zoning results. By constructing a multi-index suitability evaluation system, natural morphological characteristics, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity attributes are quantitatively integrated, making the use adaptability of each geomorphic unit calculable and comparable, and providing a scientific basis for subsequent use competition decisions. On this basis, use access rules are constructed using information such as geomorphic stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundaries. The use determination not only emphasizes development potential but also adherence to geomorphic safety, ecological stability, and hydrological integrity, effectively preventing high-risk areas from being mistakenly designated as development land. Furthermore, by optimizing the allocation through use uniqueness and spatial scale control conditions, an overall balance and coordination between functional uses is achieved, ensuring the compatibility of regional development goals with resource and environmental carrying capacity. By combining neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching mechanisms to perform morphological correction on the preliminary zoning results, the final zoning results are spatially structurally complete, interconnected, and coordinated, possessing feasibility and spatial governance guidance capabilities. This invention effectively improves the accuracy of expressing natural topographic constraints and the scientific nature of land use allocation in territorial spatial planning, providing technical support for constructing a safer, more efficient, and sustainable territorial spatial layout. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present invention provides an overall flowchart of a land spatial functional zoning method based on topographical pattern constraints. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for functional zoning of national land space based on geomorphic pattern constraints is provided, comprising: S1: Collect digital elevation models and geomorphic structure data, extract morphological features to divide the study area into geomorphic classification units, and construct the basic expression objects for land space analysis.

[0022] Furthermore, the study first selected the territorial spatial boundary of the research area as the basic scope, and comprehensively acquired data from multiple sources, including remote sensing imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), geological survey data, and hydrological mapping data. The DEMs employed data sources with a spatial resolution of at least 30 m and calculated topographic factors such as slope, aspect, elevation difference, curvature, and surface roughness to characterize surface morphology. Simultaneously, information on river system distribution, fault structures, and sediment types were used as supplementary parameters to reflect the geomorphic evolution background and natural composition characteristics.

[0023] During data preparation, multi-source topographic and geomorphic data were processed to unify coordinate benchmarks and spatial resolution. Raster resampling and spatial registration techniques were used to achieve integrated representation of the entire region. A topographic feature database was established based on the raster data, and noise removal, outlier correction, and hole filling were performed to ensure accurate representation of geomorphic information in subsequent modeling. Simultaneously, a current land cover layer was included in the processing to assist in identifying the boundaries between natural geomorphic units and developed land, thereby enhancing the realism of the geomorphic pattern representation.

[0024] After data fusion, a geomorphological parameter set is constructed, primarily based on geomorphological indicators. This set includes multi-dimensional feature variables such as elevation statistics, slope classification indicators, aspect vector representation, drainage density, geomorphic relief, and surface roughness coefficient. A geomorphological extraction model is then used to divide the study area into morphological zones, such as mountains, hills, alluvial plains, terraces, plateaus, and valleys, forming a primary geomorphological classification. Based on the differences in regional geomorphological formation mechanisms, secondary zoning is further refined by incorporating factors such as soil and rock properties and erosion structure characteristics, ensuring that geomorphological classification units possess complete natural attribute identifiers.

[0025] It should be noted that boundary optimization is performed on the generated geomorphic classification results, mainly including operations such as patch fusion, fragmented unit removal, and river-line extension correction, to ensure that each geomorphic classification unit meets the requirements of spatial continuity and natural transition. Simultaneously, based on the geometric relationships and attribute differences between geomorphic units, a geomorphic topology structure expressing spatial adjacency relationships is constructed to support subsequent spatial decision-making and morphological constraint processing.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the differences in the sensitivity of various landform units to natural pressures, environmental stability, and land use, a comprehensive geomorphic stress index is calculated. This index quantifies the proportion of extreme slope values, extreme topographic change rates, soil erosion potential, and the distribution of potential geological hazards, and is used to describe the carrying capacity of landforms in spatial development. Finally, a basic geomorphic pattern dataset is established, including geomorphic classification information, morphological parameter sets, topological associations, and comprehensive stress indices, organized using natural boundaries as the unit of organization.

[0027] S2: Construct a multi-index evaluation system using natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity information of geomorphic classification units, and quantify the suitability scores of different functional directions through a structured model.

[0028] Furthermore, based on the established geomorphic pattern dataset, geomorphic classification units are used as the basic units for spatial evaluation. By extracting data reflecting multi-dimensional attributes such as resource base, geomorphic structure, environmental sensitivity, and development carrying capacity, a national land space suitability index system is constructed. Calculated elevation statistics, slope classification indicators, aspect vector expressions, geomorphic relief, surface roughness coefficient, water system density, geomorphic morphology parameter sets, and comprehensive geomorphic stress indicators are used as basic inputs for geomorphic morphology classes. Additional indicators are formed using remote sensing data, land survey data, and disaster hazard information to enhance the comprehensiveness of the evaluation system.

[0029] First, after spatial data consistency processing, the data values ​​of each geomorphic classification unit across all indicators are extracted, and a multi-indicator attribute matrix is ​​constructed to achieve a comprehensive spatial representation. Let the study area be divided into... A total of 10 geomorphic classification units were selected. Each evaluation index is assigned an interval normalization method, which linearly maps all indices to the [0,1] interval, ultimately forming a standardized matrix. .in, Indicates the first The geomorphic classification unit in the first Standardized attribute values ​​for each indicator.

[0030] It should be noted that during the construction of the indicator system, all indicators were categorized and organized according to the three major functional directions of territorial space, forming a cluster of functional evaluation indicators. Let the total number of functional types be... (In this technical scenario) These correspond to ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban construction, respectively. Each of these functional types... A set of corresponding indicators Different sets of functional indicators may have overlapping or interdependent influences; the data structure allows the same indicator to participate in the evaluation of multiple functional categories. After defining the indicator sets, a weight vector is assigned to each functional category. The weights satisfy:

[0031] in, Indicates the first In the class function type, the first The weighting coefficients of each indicator.

[0032] To determine the weight values, a two-stage approach is adopted: First, initial weight values ​​are calculated based on the information entropy of indicators among geomorphic classification units to reflect the degree of difference between indicators; second, the initial values ​​are corrected using a multi-layered perception weight regression structure, incorporating the experience of geomorphic interpretation experts, so that the weights have the ability to distinguish between different functional objectives. The corrected weight vector serves as a quantitative expression of the importance of the indicators and is used in the subsequent calculation of suitability scores.

[0033] After determining the aforementioned weighting system, for each geomorphic classification unit, calculate its multi-dimensional suitability evaluation value under different functional categories. Let the first... The geomorphic classification unit in the first The suitability score under the category function is , is represented as:

[0034] This score is used to express the potential adaptability of landform classification units under various functional objective directions, and can form a multi-dimensional functional expression vector:

[0035] in, This represents a multidimensional functional expression vector.

[0036] Considering the potential restrictive impacts of geomorphological features, unfavorable slope aspects, weak geological structures, and soil erosion risks on land development, a risk indicator set is introduced, and suitability scores are adjusted through risk constraints. Let the risk indicator set consist of a total of... There are , and the corresponding standardized matrix is ​​denoted as . Matching risk weight vector And satisfy:

[0037] in, Indicates the risk indicator number. Indicates the first The weight values ​​of each risk indicator, This indicates the total number of risk indicators.

[0038] Comprehensive risk value for each geomorphic classification unit Perform the calculation:

[0039] After obtaining the multidimensional suitability vector and risk deduction quantification results, an upper-level functional weight vector is introduced. This involves cross-dimensional integration of different functional categories. The functional weights satisfy the following:

[0040] in, Represents the set of functional category weights. Indicates the first territorial space The importance weight of functional types (such as ecological protection, agricultural production, urban construction, etc.) in the comprehensive suitability assessment. Indicates the maximum number of function categories.

[0041] At the same time, a risk adjustment coefficient is introduced. This imposes constraints on the overall suitability results, ultimately forming the overall suitability evaluation function for the geomorphic classification unit:

[0042] in, This indicates the suitability score.

[0043] Suitability sequence for each functional category by dimension:

[0044] Comprehensive suitability outcome sequence:

[0045] in, This represents the sequence of comprehensive suitability outcomes. This indicates the overall suitability result.

[0046] Finally, the evaluation results are registered according to the geomorphic classification unit number and spatial boundary, and the original and standardized records of all attribute indicators are retained for direct reference in subsequent geomorphic pattern constraint overlay and use competition optimization models. Through this processing, geomorphic classification units obtain computable, comparable, and sortable attribute expressions.

[0047] S3: Set usage restrictions based on the degree of geomorphic stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundary characteristics, and superimpose them on the spatial constraint system constructed by the suitability score.

[0048] Furthermore, after obtaining the multi-dimensional functional suitability evaluation results of various landform classification units, to ensure that the layout of national land spatial planning does not violate the regional natural conditions, the constructed basic dataset of landform patterns is used to introduce landform pattern attribute information as constraint rules into the zoning decision-making process. This constraint mainly relies on the morphological attributes, structural relationships, spatial continuity characteristics, and comprehensive stress indicators of landform classification units to limit the suitability and permissibility of spatial uses. The constraint introduction process is based on the logic of natural landform evolution, emphasizing that spatial use delineation must follow the principles of topographic stability, resource and water conservation capacity, and potential environmental risks.

[0049] First, based on the established geomorphological classifications, the basic morphological characteristics of each geomorphological unit were systematically analyzed. Then, according to the region's natural formation conditions, these units were categorized into three spatial levels: suitable for development, relatively sensitive, and strictly controlled areas. For mountainous and hilly units with steep slopes, dramatic topographic relief, and fragmented geological structures, information on potential natural disaster hazards such as landslides, collapses, and debris flows was used to identify these units as development-restricted areas. For flat geomorphological units such as alluvial plains, floodplains, and terraces suitable for cultivation or construction, use preference classifications were conducted based on suitability assessment results, ensuring these units have greater spatial selectivity in subsequent regional layout decisions.

[0050] It should be noted that, secondly, based on the extracted hydrological data such as the river network structure, alluvial connectivity characteristics of river valleys, and the direction of topographic gradient evolution in the basin, rules for shoreline buffering and basin protection are proposed. Land use development constraints are implemented on the near-surface river valleys and their affected areas to ensure continuous protection or agricultural production along the river and lake shorelines. Simultaneously, combining topological properties such as geomorphic connectivity characteristics, geomorphic segment scale, and natural boundary orientation, geomorphic units with key connectivity significance for ecological, hydrological, and soil preservation are identified. These units are then linked with adjacent units to form continuous regions as needed, ensuring that the natural spatial structure is not fragmented or replaced in subsequent zoning.

[0051] Furthermore, based on the classification results of the comprehensive geomorphic stress index, land use restriction rules corresponding to geomorphic sensitivity levels are established. For example, if the comprehensive stress index value of a geomorphic unit exceeds a preset threshold, it should be restricted from being used as a potential reserve unit for urban development and should be prioritized for inclusion in the ecological security protection control group. For units with geomorphic stress indices at low to medium levels, their participation in agricultural production functions or functional transformation with the ability to guide surrounding development can be permitted.

[0052] Furthermore, the resulting geomorphic topological relationships are used to define spatial boundary conditions. Based on the spatial continuity analysis of geomorphic classification units, neighborhood relationships between units are constructed to avoid spatial jumps in subsequent land use allocation. For example, if a large number of high-stress geomorphic units are interspersed within a group of connected suitable agricultural units, the area should be designated as a heterogeneous area within the rules, and special land use restrictions should be formulated to maintain spatial logical consistency in land use allocation.

[0053] Finally, the aforementioned geomorphological constraints, hydrological guidance constraints, topological association rules, and geomorphological sensitivity classification system are superimposed on the output suitability evaluation results to establish a use permission statement for each geomorphological classification unit, which expresses the spatial control requirements of "permitted / restricted / prohibited" in each functional direction of the unit.

[0054] S4: Use the suitability scores of each functional direction of the geomorphological classification unit to optimize the selection of land use and make decisions, and form preliminary results of land space zoning.

[0055] Furthermore, based on the obtained dimensional suitability evaluation results of geomorphic classification units... With comprehensive suitability results Based on this, and combined with the established geomorphic pattern and use permission constraints, each geomorphic classification unit is used as a planning and allocation object, and its use competition decision and unique use determination are carried out.

[0056] First, establish usage selection variables for each geomorphic classification unit. Assume the region is divided into... The geomorphological classification units are divided into several planned use directions. The categories (consistent with the three functional categories of ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban construction) stipulate that each unit can only be classified into one of these categories. The corresponding usage selection constraints are as follows:

[0057] in, Indicates the first The geomorphic classification unit in the first The purpose selection variable under the class function, when the unit is classified into purpose The value is 1 if the condition is met, and 0 otherwise.

[0058] like =1 indicates that this usage is selected, if If the value is 0, the intended use is not selected. For geomorphic classification units identified as areas with development restrictions or prohibited uses, the corresponding use category is directly set to an unselectable state in this model, ensuring that the decision variables are consistent with the mandatory geomorphic pattern restriction rules.

[0059] Based on the above conditions, the output multi-dimensional suitability evaluation values ​​will be... As a numerical basis for competition in spatial use, the final use assignment of each topographic classification unit is determined through optimization. The objective expression is as follows:

[0060] in, The objective function value is used to measure the overall suitability level of the land space configuration in the entire study area under the current land use allocation scheme. It serves as the overall evaluation index for this optimization model. By selecting land use for all geomorphic classification units, a continuous spatial land use allocation scheme can be formed. The model adopts a discrete decision-making approach, and all variables and data sources are consistent with the preceding data system, ensuring the integrated expression of geomorphic morphological characteristics, suitability evaluation data, and land use permissibility constraints.

[0061] After the solution is completed, the use selection results of all geomorphic classification units are organized and coded according to the original spatial index to form a complete set of basic use configuration data with location index attributes. This data includes multi-dimensional suitability evaluation results, the status of use selection variables, and the correspondence between these variables and the spatial relationships of the geomorphic classification units.

[0062] S5: Perform neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching processing on the preliminary usage configuration results, and output the final spatial functional zoning and spatial representation.

[0063] Furthermore, after forming the preliminary landform classification unit use configuration results, in order to make the spatial representation of the national land space functional zoning more consistent with the landform pattern characteristics and natural boundary morphology, the preliminary zoning results are morphologically corrected and structurally adjusted by introducing constraints such as landform connectivity, neighborhood structure and outer boundary geometry.

[0064] The established geomorphic topology matrix and water system network structure are invoked to form a neighborhood set for each geomorphic classification unit and its surrounding units. Neighborhood consistency matching is performed on the preliminary use allocation results to identify areas with insufficient spatial continuity and fragmented morphological distribution. These areas include scattered units with point-like protrusions, unit bands distributed in a sawtooth pattern along boundaries, and fine fragments resulting from preliminary competitive allocation. After identification, a neighborhood use consistency threshold is set to correct isolated use fragments towards the dominant neighborhood use, resulting in a clustered structure where use distribution and geomorphological morphology tend to be consistent.

[0065] Secondly, the boundary geometry of geomorphic classification units is analyzed. Natural boundaries such as abrupt slope zones, geomorphic boundaries, and valley cutting edges are used as reference lines for morphological correction. Use boundaries that are inconsistent with natural boundaries or disrupt natural forms are adjusted to ensure that planning boundaries in transitional zones better conform to the geomorphic formation patterns. Furthermore, based on the consistency of slope aspect and undulation characteristics within geomorphic classification units, spatial adjustments to urban construction use are guided by the slope direction or terrace interface direction, ensuring that the configuration of construction directions maintains structural logic in morphological expression.

[0066] Secondly, continuity verification is conducted in key hydrological connection areas. For areas such as river headwaters, waterlogged depressions, and water conservation landforms, if there are gaps in the initial land use allocation, these gaps are eliminated by expanding adjacent ecological protection landforms to create continuous zones extending or enclosing along the water system. Simultaneously, by considering parameters such as landform area, aspect ratio, and topographic orientation, some land use segments are merged or expanded to achieve a more regular spatial outline and reduce the instability of excessively small areas in actual planning and management.

[0067] Furthermore, areas where the outermost land use boundaries are disconnected from administrative divisions and cadastral boundaries are mapped to ensure that the boundaries of geomorphic units are consistent with the actual identifiable administrative boundaries. In boundary adjustments, geomorphic boundaries are prioritized. When deviations exist between geomorphology and administrative boundaries, land use expressions are adjusted through segmented transitions to ensure the natural evolution and rationality of planning zoning transition areas.

[0068] After spatial morphology correction is completed, the final land use configuration results are solidified and coded according to geomorphic classification unit numbers, forming a partitioned output file compatible with spatial database fields. For each unit, its land use category number, adjacency relationship record, and natural boundary correction rule execution status identifier are saved. This result, as the terminal output of this invention, will be used for the expression of land use planning results, the generation of visualization layers, and the management of subsequent spatial constraint access rules.

[0069] Example 2, an embodiment of the present invention, provides a method for functional zoning of national land space based on topographical pattern constraints. In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, scientific demonstration is carried out through economic benefit calculation and simulation experiments.

[0070] First, this embodiment selects a small watershed in a hilly-low mountain transition zone in central and western China as the study area. The watershed area is approximately 120 km², and the landform types within the area include various units such as river valley alluvial plains, gentle slopes, low mountains and steep slopes, and hilly plateaus, exhibiting both a certain level of development intensity and significant ecological sensitivity. Firstly, based on a 10m resolution digital elevation model and existing geological, hydrological, and land use data, the study area undergoes unified coordinate and resolution processing. Basic topographic factors such as elevation, slope, aspect, topographic relief, and surface roughness are extracted, and the distribution of water systems, geological structural lines, and existing construction land boundaries are overlaid to construct a basic geomorphological dataset. Based on this, a combination of geomorphological clustering and expert interpretation was used to divide the study area into six geomorphological classification units with relatively uniform morphological characteristics and natural boundaries, which were labeled as Unit A (river valley alluvial plain), Unit B (low mountain steep slope), Unit C (gentle slope terrace), Unit D (river source hills), Unit E (platform farmland area) and Unit F (suburban slope zone), serving as the basic spatial units for subsequent analysis.

[0071] Subsequently, focusing on three functional directions—ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban construction—multiple indicators, including natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity, were extracted for each geomorphic classification unit. These indicators included slope range, farmland contiguousness, water conservation capacity, potential geological hazard distribution, and current development intensity. The original indicators were standardized to construct a multi-indicator evaluation matrix. Using a structured evaluation model, suitability scores for each unit across the three functional directions were calculated, resulting in the ecological suitability score, agricultural suitability score, and construction suitability score fields in the table. Based on this, a geomorphic stress index and a comprehensive risk value were introduced. Taking into account factors such as slope exceeding a certain threshold, geologically unstable zones, soil erosion risk, and flood susceptibility, two constraint indicators—the geomorphic stress index and the comprehensive risk value—were assigned to each geomorphic unit. Based on these indicators, combined with the water system connectivity pattern and natural boundary morphology, strict restrictions on development or prohibitions on construction were set for high-stress, high-risk mountainous and river-source hilly areas. Priority for agricultural or construction development was assigned to alluvial plains and plateau farmland areas. Subsequently, using the suitability scores and usage restriction rules for each functional direction, a usage selection and configuration scheme for the six geomorphic units was formed. While ensuring the uniqueness of each unit's use, the scheme also considered regional agricultural, ecological, and construction scale control requirements, resulting in preliminary land space functional zoning results. Finally, the preliminary results were overlaid with geomorphic topological relationships, neighboring use distribution, and natural boundaries. Adjustments were made to local areas with fragmented uses or boundaries that did not conform to the geomorphic lines. For example, scattered construction patches within continuous ecological zones were converted to ecological protection land; units continuously distributed along river valleys but with inconsistent uses were unified; and suburban slopes were designated as ecological-construction transition zones with construction intensity restrictions, thus forming a final spatial functional zoning result that better fits the natural geomorphic pattern.

[0072] Table 1 Experimental Data

[0073] Table 1 shows that this embodiment compared the spatial use configuration differences of six geomorphic classification units under the traditional zoning method and the method of this invention within the same study area. First, we observed unit A (river valley alluvial plain). This unit has a small average slope and low elevation, with low geomorphic stress index and comprehensive risk value. It also exhibits high suitability scores in ecology, agriculture, and construction, with ecological suitability at 0.82, agricultural suitability at 0.76, and construction suitability at 0.68. Both the traditional method and the method of this invention classified this area as urban construction land, indicating that in low-risk, low-stress, and multi-functional compatible areas, the two methods can achieve consistent results. This invention does not forcibly alter reasonable development space but focuses on highlighting differences in high-stress and pattern-sensitive areas.

[0074] A comparison of Unit B (low mountain steep slope) and Unit D (river source hills) more clearly demonstrates the difference between this invention and existing technologies. Unit B has an average slope of 26 degrees, a relatively high elevation range, a geomorphic stress index as high as 0.86, and a comprehensive risk value of 0.81. Although its ecological suitability score is 0.74 and its construction suitability score is 0.41, it is a typical high-risk mountainous area. Traditional methods, when considering only construction potential or location conditions, tend to classify it as urban construction land. However, this invention introduces geomorphic stress and comprehensive risk indicators before land use selection and uses them as constraints for land use access. During the land use optimization process, the area is adjusted to ecological protection land, effectively avoiding disasters and engineering cost problems caused by over-development of steep slope areas. Similarly, Unit D, with a high ecological suitability score but a comprehensive risk value of 0.63 and a geomorphic stress index of 0.58, is often classified as general agricultural land using traditional methods. This invention, however, incorporates it into a continuous ecological protection zone, forming a stable ecological spatial structure with the surrounding upstream hilly units.

[0075] Let's examine Unit E (plateau farmland area) and Unit F (suburban slope zone). Unit E has an average slope of only 4 degrees, with a geomorphic stress index and comprehensive risk value of 0.22 and 0.18 respectively, and an agricultural suitability score as high as 0.88. Meanwhile, its construction suitability and ecological suitability also remain at a medium to high level. In traditional methods, this area is simply classified as general agricultural land, failing to reflect the relative importance of high-quality arable land resources. This invention, after comprehensively considering multi-functional suitability, introduces regional-scale agricultural land protection constraints, designating it as "key agricultural land," thus strengthening the spatial basis for food production and arable land protection. Unit F, located in the suburban slope zone, has an average slope of 12 degrees. Its geomorphic stress index and comprehensive risk value are both at a medium to high level. Although its construction suitability score reaches 0.77, its neighborhood fragmentation index is 0.70, indicating a highly fragmented land use pattern. Traditional methods tend to include it entirely in urban construction land, leading to disorderly urban expansion onto slopes. This invention combines neighborhood fragmentation with natural boundary matching to flexibly adjust the use of the area and designate it as an "ecological-construction transition zone (restricted construction)," thereby avoiding the one-sided allocation of land according to the direction of highest construction suitability.

[0076] The comparative results of the six units show that this invention does not simply rank based on suitability scores. Instead, it incorporates constraints such as mechanical geomorphic stress, comprehensive risk, neighborhood fragmentation, and hydrological and natural boundaries into a multi-indicator suitability evaluation, explicitly correcting spatial safety and pattern stability issues that are easily overlooked in traditional methods. Through this zoning logic of suitability, constraints, and morphological correction, this invention effectively avoids the problem of steep slopes, high-risk areas, and ecologically critical areas being mistakenly classified as construction or general production spaces in its embodiments. It also establishes differentiated use positioning in plateau farmland and suburban slope areas, ensuring that the final national land space functional zoning reflects both development needs and geomorphic pattern constraints and ecological security baseline requirements, demonstrating greater scientific rigor, precision, and innovation compared to existing technologies.

[0077] Example 3, an embodiment of the present invention, provides a land space functional zoning system based on geomorphic pattern constraints, including a geomorphic cognition and basic unit construction module, a multi-index evaluation and land use constraint setting module, and a land use competition allocation and morphological correction output module.

[0078] The module for geomorphological cognition and basic unit construction is used to collect digital elevation models and geomorphological structure data, extract topographic morphology and natural boundary information, and construct geomorphological classification units as the smallest spatial expression objects for land space analysis and decision-making. The module for multi-index evaluation and use constraint setting is used to quantify the suitability scores of different functional directions for each geomorphological classification unit based on natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity indicators. At the same time, it sets use permission rules based on geomorphological stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundaries to form a spatial constraint system. The module for use competition allocation and morphological correction output is used to complete the selection of spatial uses based on the suitability evaluation results, and correct the spatial morphology through neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching, and finally generate the results of land space functional zoning.

[0079] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0080] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-including system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0081] More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, computer-readable media can even be paper or other suitable media on which programs can be printed, because programs can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in computer memory.

[0082] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc. It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0083] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for functional zoning of national land space based on geomorphic pattern constraints, characterized in that, include: Collect digital elevation models and geomorphic structure data, extract morphological features to divide the study area into geomorphic classification units, and construct the basic expression objects for land space analysis; A multi-index evaluation system is constructed by utilizing the natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity information of geomorphic classification units, and the suitability scores of different functional directions are quantified through a structured model. Usage restrictions are set based on the degree of geomorphic stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundary characteristics, and are superimposed on the spatial constraint system constructed by suitability score; The suitability scores of each functional direction of the geomorphic classification unit are used to optimize land use selection and decision-making, resulting in preliminary land space zoning results; The preliminary usage configuration results are processed for neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching to output the final spatial functional zoning and spatial representation.

2. The land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition of digital elevation model and geomorphic structure data includes acquiring DEM data with a spatial resolution of no less than 30m, and calculating topographic features such as slope, aspect, curvature, geomorphic relief, and surface roughness coefficient. The collected geomorphological data includes water system density, fault zone distribution, and sediment types; Geomorphological analysis methods were used to classify the geomorphological types of the study area and construct geomorphological classification units.

3. The land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The construction of a multi-index evaluation system using natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity information of geomorphological classification units includes grouping three functions—ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban construction—to form a multi-dimensional index matrix. The multidimensional index matrix is ​​standardized and a weight determination method is used to establish a structured evaluation model, which outputs the suitability score of each geomorphic classification unit in different functional directions. The suitability score includes dimensional suitability results and a comprehensive suitability result based on risk deduction.

4. The land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The method of setting use restrictions based on geomorphic stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundary characteristics includes determining the use access level, dividing each geomorphic classification unit into permitted, restricted, or prohibited use levels, integrating geomorphic topological neighborhood relationships, utilizing the spatial continuous expression capability of use restriction rules, and directly superimposing them onto the suitability score to construct a constraint system.

5. The land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The decision optimization includes setting uniqueness constraints on the use of each landform classification unit, and setting minimum or maximum spatial scale range control conditions in combination with regional scale agricultural, ecological and construction development needs; Based on suitability scores, competitive allocation of land use is carried out to determine the final use of each classification unit, and the correspondence between the use number, spatial location index and geomorphological attributes is recorded to output preliminary land spatial zoning results.

6. The land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The process of performing neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching on the preliminary use configuration results includes identifying isolated areas and use break zones in the use distribution, and carrying out use aggregation or local adjustment based on neighborhood use characteristics to ensure that the same functional use is continuously expressed in space.

7. The land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The natural boundary matching process includes morphological correction of the preliminary use boundary based on slope abrupt change zones, valley cutting lines and landform phase transition boundaries, and geometric adjustment of the outer boundary to make the zoning boundary consistent with the natural boundary. Combined with the cadastral boundary, a spatial expression result is formed, and the land use zoning result is output.

8. A system employing the land spatial functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes a geomorphological recognition and basic unit construction module, a multi-index evaluation and usage constraint setting module, and a usage competition allocation and morphological correction output module; The geomorphological cognition and basic unit construction module is used to collect digital elevation models and geomorphological structure data, extract topographic morphology and natural boundary information, and construct geomorphological classification units as the smallest spatial expression objects for land space analysis and decision-making. The multi-index evaluation and use constraint setting module is used to quantify the suitability score of different functional directions for each geomorphological classification unit based on natural morphology, resource carrying capacity, and environmental sensitivity indicators. At the same time, it sets use permission rules based on geomorphological stress, hydrological connectivity, and natural boundaries to form a spatial constraint system. The application competition allocation and morphology correction output module is used to complete the spatial application selection based on the suitability evaluation results, and to correct the spatial morphology through neighborhood consistency and natural boundary matching, and finally generate the national land space functional zoning results.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the land space functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the land space functional zoning method based on geomorphic pattern constraints as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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