Tracing settlement method for cooperative operation of electricity market and carbon market

Abstract

The invention discloses a traceability settlement method for cooperative operation of power and carbon markets, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining contract transaction information between each generator set and each load, constructing a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information, and constructing a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generator set supply auxiliary matrix, combining the actual electricity consumption of each load and the actual generating capacity of each generator set to construct a market subject contract traceability matrix used for representing the initial traceability settlement electricity quantity of each market subject; and determining the deviation electric quantity of each generator set, determining the deviation electric quantity component obtained by each load from each generator set by constructing a deviation power allocation traceability model, and obtaining a final traceability settlement result according to the market subject contract traceability matrix and the deviation electric quantity of each load. And determining the total carbon emission of each load and the total environmental right proof number of each load according to the final traceability settlement result. According to the invention, the environment responsibilities of the contract and the deviation electric quantity can be comprehensively considered and accurate traceability settlement is carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power technology, and in particular to a traceability and settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market. Background Technology

[0002] Building a new energy system and promoting energy transformation are fundamental supports for achieving China's modernization and "dual carbon" goals. Fully exploring the synergistic value of electricity and carbon emissions and constructing an electricity-carbon synergy system are powerful means to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The integration of electricity carbon product information requires a reasonable and effective traceability and settlement system. Thermal power consumption is a major source of indirect carbon emissions on the user side, while green electricity consumption can effectively reduce electricity carbon emissions and provide green certificates. However, my country's current electricity carbon traceability and settlement system considers electricity trading information in relatively few regions and does not differentiate the environmental responsibility for deviations in electricity consumption, failing to fully clarify the carbon emission responsibility and environmental rights inherent in each electricity trading activity.

[0003] Currently, research on electricity-carbon synergy mainly focuses on three aspects: the synergistic impact of the electricity-carbon market, the construction of an electricity-carbon synergy framework, and electricity-carbon synergy simulation. Regarding the synergistic impact of the market, scholars mostly explore it from the perspective of market mechanism design, such as carbon emission rights allocation mechanisms, renewable energy quota systems, and the construction of green power systems and their coupling mechanisms. In terms of market framework construction, some scholars have introduced the perspective of electricity-carbon market synergy into digital technologies. Against the backdrop of deepening electricity-carbon integration, simulation modeling has gradually become an important means of evaluating the effectiveness of electricity-carbon synergy mechanisms. In recent years, scholars have constructed various electricity-carbon market coupling simulation models around key issues such as carbon emission constraints, electricity trading mechanisms, and the embedding of green mechanisms, providing theoretical support and empirical evidence for policy formulation and mechanism design.

[0004] Current carbon emission accounting practices in the power industry typically focus solely on direct emissions from fossil fuel combustion during power generation, neglecting other potential carbon sources. While renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, produce almost no carbon emissions during operation, they inevitably generate some carbon emissions during equipment manufacturing, transportation, construction, installation, and even decommissioning. These emission sources, marginalized by traditional accounting systems, should be systematically considered in constructing a scientific and comprehensive carbon emission accounting framework. With the accelerating pace of global climate governance, life-cycle carbon emission assessment is gradually evolving into one of the core tools for measuring the greenhouse gas emission intensity of products and technologies.

[0005] Currently, quantitative methods for electricity carbon traceability can be mainly categorized into two types: one is traceability of indirect carbon emissions from load electricity consumption, and the other is traceability of load's green environmental rights. Load electricity carbon emission traceability settlement mainly refers to the traceability of carbon emissions corresponding to the electricity consumed by the load. In current practice, the main approach is based on macro-level accounting methods using energy statistics, typically relying on total energy consumption and carbon emission factors for total estimation. While this method is simple and cost-effective, it struggles to depict the flow path of carbon emissions within the power grid and ignores the significant differences in carbon emissions between different types of power sources (such as green electricity and thermal power). Therefore, it cannot meet the need for precise allocation of electricity carbon emission responsibilities and has certain limitations in practical applications. Based on this, some scholars have focused on power flow tracing methods for power grid topology. Among these, the most widely used and well-developed method is the proportional allocation method. Professor Kang Chongqing was the first to apply the proportional allocation-based power flow tracing method to load carbon emission traceability, initially establishing the basic system and framework of carbon flow analysis theory, bringing new ideas and methods to power system carbon emission calculation.

[0006] The traceability of green environmental rights of loads mainly refers to tracing the environmental rights of loads based on the amount of electricity they consume. Current research on the traceability of green environmental rights of loads is limited, primarily focusing on the traceability of green certificates after settlement.

[0007] Coordinated development of electricity and carbon emissions is an important means for my country to achieve energy transition. However, there are currently some challenges in this coordination, such as the lack of interoperability of trading data and discrepancies in settlement results. Specifically, the carbon market and electricity market are currently managed by different departments, with different development goals and policy orientations. Although both contribute to carbon emission reduction, there is a lack of theoretical and institutional connections and a lack of corresponding trading data after such connections. Therefore, breakthroughs are needed in interoperability of trading data to improve the liquidity of the entire market system. For example, if one electricity-consuming enterprise fulfills its consumption responsibility by directly purchasing renewable energy generated by a green power generation enterprise, and another market entity also fulfills its consumption responsibility by purchasing green certificates generated by the same power generation enterprise, from a societal perspective, this does not bring additional benefits to promoting clean energy consumption or driving low-carbon emission reduction across the industry. The risk of this repeated use of green certificates needs to be addressed promptly. In addition, the current electricity market settlement is mainly based on medium- and long-term spot settlement, with deviation assessment as a supplement. Under the current source-tracing settlement model, if one wants to examine the indirect carbon emissions on the load side, one can only specify the spot settlement volume. For the deviation assessment volume, it is impossible to clearly define the corresponding environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the current carbon market calculates indirect carbon emissions by multiplying the settled electricity volume by the average carbon emission factor, which has a significant impact on users who wish to reduce emissions. It is evident that the current settlement mechanism only considers the financial value of deviation electricity volume, with little research on its environmental rights value. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the differences in indirect carbon emissions among different users' electricity transactions and the impact of green electricity trading on the allocation of indirect carbon emissions to non-green electricity trading users. How to clarify the indirect carbon emission accounting and environmental rights of green electricity trading for users based on physical and contractual traceability is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the current traceability and settlement mechanism of electricity carbon market operation, a traceability and settlement method for electricity carbon market operation is needed to clarify the environmental responsibility of users' electricity consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Therefore, the present invention provides a traceability and settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market to solve or at least alleviate the problems mentioned above.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present invention, a traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of an electricity carbon market is provided, executed in a computing device, comprising: acquiring contract transaction information between each generating unit and each load; constructing a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information, the contract transaction matrix including the contract transaction electricity between each load and each generating unit; constructing a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generating unit supply auxiliary matrix according to the contract transaction matrix, the load demand auxiliary matrix representing the proportion of the contract transaction electricity between each load and each generating unit in the total contract transaction electricity signed by each load, and the generating unit supply auxiliary matrix representing the proportion of the contract transaction electricity between each generating unit and each load in the total contract transaction electricity signed by each generating unit; acquiring the actual electricity consumption of each load and the actual power generation of each generating unit; and constructing a market entity contract traceability matrix according to the load demand auxiliary matrix, the generating unit supply auxiliary matrix, the actual electricity consumption of each load, and the actual power generation of each generating unit, wherein the... The market entity contract traceability matrix is ​​used to represent the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume of each market entity. The market entities include loads and generator sets. The preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume of each market entity is the minimum value among the contractual transaction electricity volume between the load and the generator set, the actual electricity consumption of the load, and the actual transaction power generation of the generator set. The actual transaction power generation of the generator set is the actual power generation of the generator set minus the grid loss component allocated to the generator set. Based on the actual power generation of each generator set and the market entity contract traceability matrix, the deviation electricity volume of each generator set is determined. A deviation power allocation traceability model is constructed using a power flow tracing method. Based on the deviation power allocation model and the deviation electricity volume of each generator set, the deviation electricity volume component obtained by each load from each generator set is determined to obtain the deviation electricity volume of each load. Based on the market entity contract traceability matrix and the deviation electricity volume of each load, the final traceability settlement result is obtained, and the total carbon emissions and the total number of environmental rights certificates for each load are determined based on the final traceability settlement result.

[0011] Optionally, in the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention, a market entity contract traceability matrix is ​​constructed based on the load demand auxiliary matrix, the generator supply auxiliary matrix, the actual electricity consumption of each load, and the actual power generation of each generator unit. This includes: obtaining a load-side contract traceability matrix based on the load demand auxiliary matrix and the actual electricity consumption of each load; obtaining the actual transaction power generation of each generator unit by deducting the grid loss component allocated to each generator unit from the actual power generation of each generator unit, and obtaining a generator unit-side contract traceability matrix based on the generator supply auxiliary matrix and the actual transaction power generation of each generator unit; and constructing a market entity contract traceability matrix based on the load demand auxiliary matrix, the generator supply auxiliary matrix, the load-side contract traceability matrix, and the generator unit-side contract traceability matrix.

[0012] Optionally, in the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention, a deviation power allocation traceability model is constructed using the power flow tracing method, including: establishing the relationship between the generator power of each node of the power grid and the power flowing through each node through the power flow distribution matrix, so as to establish a deviation power allocation model, including: expressing the deviation power of the load of the node as the sum of the contribution deviation power of the generators of each node, and obtaining the expression of the deviation power component obtained by the load of the node from the generators of each node.

[0013] Optionally, in the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity includes the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of green electricity trading and the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of thermal power trading, and the deviation electricity includes the green electricity deviation electricity and the thermal power deviation electricity; determining the total carbon emissions of each load and the total number of environmental rights certificates for each load based on the final traceability settlement result includes: determining the indirect carbon emissions of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load based on the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of green electricity trading, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of thermal power trading, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit; determining the indirect carbon emissions of the load's deviation electricity based on the green electricity deviation electricity component obtained by the load from each generating unit, the thermal power deviation electricity component obtained by the load from each generating unit, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit; and determining the total carbon emissions of the load based on the indirect carbon emissions of the load's preliminary traceability settlement electricity and the indirect carbon emissions of the load's deviation electricity.

[0014] Optionally, in the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention, determining the total carbon emissions of each load and the total number of environmental rights certificates for each load based on the final traceability settlement result includes: constructing a preliminary indirect carbon emission vector for each load based on the market entity contract traceability matrix, wherein the preliminary indirect carbon emission vector represents the indirect carbon emissions of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of each load, and the indirect carbon emissions of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of each load are suitable for determination based on the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the green electricity transaction of the load, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the thermal power transaction of the load, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit; constructing a load deviation indirect carbon emission vector to represent the indirect carbon emissions of the deviation electricity of each load, wherein the indirect carbon emissions of the deviation electricity of the load are suitable for determination based on the green electricity deviation electricity component obtained by each load from each generating unit, the thermal power deviation electricity component obtained by each load from each generating unit, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit; and determining the total carbon emissions of each load based on the preliminary indirect carbon emission vector and the load deviation indirect carbon emission vector.

[0015] Optionally, in the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention, determining the total carbon emissions of each load and the total number of environmental rights certificates for each load based on the final traceability settlement result further includes: determining the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load based on the initial traceability settlement electricity volume of the green electricity transaction corresponding to the load and the environmental rights certificate conversion coefficient; determining the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load based on the green electricity deviation electricity volume of the load and the environmental rights certificate conversion coefficient; and determining the total number of environmental rights certificates for the load based on the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load and the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load.

[0016] Optionally, in the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention, obtaining contract transaction information between each generating unit and each load, and constructing a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information, includes: obtaining contract transaction information between each generating unit and each load within any hour, constructing a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information, wherein the contract transaction matrix includes the contract transaction electricity volume signed between each load and each generating unit on an hourly time scale; wherein the contract transaction electricity volume signed on an hourly time scale includes the electricity volume of medium- and long-term transactions decomposed to the hour, the electricity volume of day-ahead transactions decomposed to the hour, and the hourly transaction electricity volume; the contract transaction matrix includes an initial green electricity transaction matrix and an initial thermal power transaction matrix.

[0017] Optionally, in the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention, constructing a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generator supply auxiliary matrix based on the contract transaction matrix includes: obtaining the contract transaction electricity volume between each load and each generator unit according to the contract transaction matrix, and determining the total contract transaction electricity volume between each load and all generator units; constructing a load demand auxiliary matrix based on the proportional relationship between the contract transaction electricity volume between each load and each generator unit and the total contract transaction electricity volume between each load and all generator units; obtaining the contract transaction electricity volume between each generator unit and each load according to the contract transaction matrix, and determining the total contract transaction electricity volume between each generator unit and all loads; and constructing a generator supply auxiliary matrix based on the proportional relationship between the contract transaction electricity volume between each generator unit and each load and the total contract transaction electricity volume between each generator unit and all loads.

[0018] Optionally, the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention further includes: determining the corresponding node carbon potential based on the total carbon emissions of each load, wherein the node carbon potential is used to represent the carbon emissions generated by the node load consuming a unit of electricity; and determining the load carbon flow rate of the node based on the node carbon potential and the node load power, wherein the load carbon flow rate of the node is used to represent the carbon emissions generated by the generator set to supply the node load per unit time.

[0019] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computing device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are configured to be executed by the at least one processor, the program instructions including instructions for executing a traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of an electric carbon market as described above.

[0020] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program / instructions, wherein the computer program / instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method as described above.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, a readable storage medium storing program instructions is provided, which, when read and executed by a computing device, causes the computing device to perform the traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electric carbon market as described above.

[0022] According to the technical solution of this invention, a traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market is provided. A contract transaction matrix is ​​constructed based on the contract transaction information between each generating unit and each load, thereby obtaining a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generating unit supply auxiliary matrix. Then, by combining the actual electricity consumption of each load and the actual power generation of each generating unit, a market participant contract traceability matrix (the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of each market participant) can be obtained. This allows the determination of the deviation electricity of each generating unit, and by constructing a deviation power allocation traceability model, the deviation electricity component obtained by each load from each generating unit can be determined. Based on the market participant contract traceability matrix and the deviation electricity of each load, the final traceability settlement result is obtained. Furthermore, the carbon emissions and environmental rights of each load can be settled based on the final traceability settlement result. Based on this, the flow of traceability electricity can be accurately tracked, the environmental responsibility of contracts and deviation electricity can be comprehensively considered, and accurate traceability settlement of carbon emission responsibility and environmental rights of electricity trading and user electricity consumption can be achieved.

[0023] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, certain illustrative aspects of the invention are described in conjunction with the following description and accompanying drawings. These aspects indicate various ways in which the principles of the invention can be practiced, and all aspects and their equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. The foregoing and other objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Throughout this disclosure, the same reference numerals generally refer to the same parts or elements.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a market-based electricity consumption and environmental responsibility traceability settlement framework provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a computing device 200 provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a traceability and settlement method 300 for collaborative operation of an electricity carbon market according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the electricity traceability and settlement process is shown in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the power flow tracking method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates a novel power system traceability and settlement simulation process according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7a A schematic diagram of the topology of a modified IEEE 5-node system according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Figure 7b A schematic diagram of load and unit power curves according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 8a This diagram illustrates the carbon emission percentage at each stage for different types of generating units according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8b A schematic diagram illustrating the carbon emission intensity of different generating units according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figures 9-11 The diagrams show the actual power generation and consumption of the unit load under three scenarios according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the deviation in unit load during eight time periods is shown in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 13 A schematic diagram illustrating the power breakdown of unit load in Scenario 1 according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0038] Figure 14This diagram illustrates the deviation in unit load during five time periods in Scenario 2 according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating the power breakdown of unit load in Scenario 2 according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0040] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the deviation in unit load during 20 time periods is shown in Scenario 3 according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 17 A schematic diagram illustrating the electrical load breakdown of the unit during 20 time periods in Scenario 3 according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0043] To address the problems existing in the current traceability and settlement mechanism for coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market, this invention proposes a traceability and settlement method for coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market. This method can accurately track the flow of traceable electricity, comprehensively consider the environmental responsibility of contracted and deviation electricity, and achieve accurate traceability and settlement of carbon emission responsibility and environmental rights for electricity trading and user electricity consumption.

[0044] It should be noted that by constructing a new power system supported by electricity and carbon markets, all market participants can participate in the trading of green environmental rights and carbon allowances through electricity market transactions. Users can fulfill their renewable energy consumption responsibilities by purchasing green electricity, and at the same time, the carbon emissions corresponding to green electricity will be reasonably considered in carbon emission accounting to enhance the synergistic connection between electricity and carbon emissions.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, a framework for traceability and settlement of electricity consumption and environmental responsibility under a market trading environment is first constructed to combine the environmental responsibility of users’ electricity consumption with the actual power flow and analyze the traceability and settlement process of electricity carbon synergy.

[0046] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a market-based electricity consumption and environmental responsibility traceability settlement framework provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown in the embodiments of the present invention, the electricity consumption and environmental responsibility traceability and settlement framework under the market trading environment can trace the source of users' electricity consumption and settle environmental responsibilities (including carbon emissions and green electricity environmental rights) based on the operating characteristics of the power system. It can systematically analyze the spatiotemporal transfer and distribution patterns of carbon emissions and green electricity environmental rights in the power system, establish a quantitative relationship between user-side electricity consumption and generation-side carbon emissions and environmental rights, accurately determine the actual destination of each kilowatt-hour of electricity, and enhance the role of electricity-carbon synergy under the market environment.

[0048] In the electricity market environment, users' carbon emission responsibility for electricity consumption includes two parts: The first part is the indirect carbon emissions from the initial traceability settlement of electricity. This part of the indirect carbon emissions is relatively clear, as the initial traceability settlement of electricity depends entirely on the direct carbon emissions of the generating units with which they have signed contracts. The second part is the indirect carbon emissions from the deviation electricity that cannot be settled through the initial contract. This part of the indirect carbon emissions is more complex, as it is affected by the deviation electricity of all generating units. Therefore, this part of the indirect carbon emissions needs to be allocated according to the power allocation principle and then calculated using carbon emission flow theory. The settlement method for green environmental rights is similar to that for carbon emission settlement, mainly focusing on the accounting of green electricity trading volume.

[0049] It should be noted that in actual operation, due to various factors such as the uncertainty of renewable energy output, load forecasting errors, and temporary unit maintenance, there is often a deviation between the actual settled electricity volume and the planned electricity volume at each level of the market. This deviation typically manifests in two ways: positive deviation (actual electricity consumption exceeds planned electricity volume): The electricity actually consumed by the user exceeds the contracted electricity volume in the medium- and long-term, day-ahead, or spot markets, and the excess electricity is assessed and settled through the deviation electricity allocation mechanism. negative deviation (actual electricity consumption is lower than planned electricity volume): The user's actual electricity consumption is lower than the contracted electricity volume, resulting in some planned electricity volume not being fully executed.

[0050] Power flow is an important basis for conducting power kilowatt-hour traceability. Power flow contains a wealth of information, which can not only extract transaction flow information, but also the source information of deviation power after deducting transaction flow. It is an important data foundation for conducting power kilowatt-hour traceability in a power system under market conditions for a certain period of time.

[0051] In embodiments of the present invention, a computing device may be configured to execute a traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market, in order to perform electricity carbon traceability settlement and determine the environmental responsibilities that users need to bear for electricity consumption. The traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market of the present invention will be described below.

[0052] The following describes a computing device 200 provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a computing device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 As shown, in a basic configuration, computing device 200 includes at least one processing unit 202 and system memory 204. According to one aspect, depending on the configuration and type of the computing device, the processing unit 202 may be implemented as a processor. System memory 204 includes, but is not limited to, volatile memory (e.g., random access memory), non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory), flash memory, or any combination of such memories. According to one aspect, system memory 204 includes an operating system 205.

[0054] According to one aspect, operating system 205 is, for example, suitable for controlling the operation of computing device 200. Furthermore, examples are practiced in conjunction with graphics libraries, other operating systems, or any other applications, and are not limited to any particular application or system. Figure 2 The basic configuration is illustrated by the components within the dashed lines. According to one aspect, the computing device 200 has additional features or functions. For example, according to one aspect, the computing device 200 includes additional data storage devices (removable and / or non-removable), such as disks, optical discs, or magnetic tapes. This additional storage... Figure 2 The middle part is shown by removable storage device 209 and non-removable storage device 210.

[0055] As stated above, according to one aspect, program module 203 is stored in system memory 204. According to one aspect, program module 203 may include one or more applications. The present invention does not limit the type of application; for example, applications may include: email and contact applications, word processing applications, spreadsheet applications, database applications, slideshow applications, drawing or computer-aided applications, web browser applications, etc.

[0056] In an embodiment of the present invention, program module 203 includes multiple program instructions for executing the traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electric carbon market of the present invention.

[0057] According to one aspect, examples can be practiced on circuits including discrete electronic components, packaged or integrated electronic chips containing logic gates, circuits utilizing microprocessors, or on a single chip containing electronic components or a microprocessor. For example, it can be practiced via wherein... Figure 2Each or many of the components shown can be implemented as an example by integrating a System-on-a-Chip (SOC) on a single integrated circuit. According to one aspect, such an SOC device may include one or more processing units, graphics units, communication units, system virtualization units, and various application functions, all integrated (or “burned in”) as a single integrated circuit onto a chip substrate. When operated via the SOC, the functions described in this invention can be operated via dedicated logic integrated on a single integrated circuit (chip) with other components of the computing device 200. Embodiments of the invention can also be implemented using other techniques capable of performing logical operations (e.g., AND, OR, and NOT), including but not limited to mechanical, optical, fluid, and quantum technologies. Additionally, embodiments of the invention can be implemented within a general-purpose computer or in any other circuit or system.

[0058] According to one aspect, computing device 200 may also have one or more input devices 212, such as a keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc. It may also include output devices 214, such as a display, speaker, printer, etc. The foregoing devices are examples and other devices may also be used. Computing device 200 may include one or more communication connections 216 that allow communication with other computing devices 218. Examples of suitable communication connections 216 include, but are not limited to: RF transmitter, receiver and / or transceiver circuitry; Universal Serial Bus (USB), parallel and / or serial ports.

[0059] As used herein, the term computer-readable medium includes computer storage medium. Computer storage medium can include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented using any method or technology for storing information (e.g., computer-readable instructions, data structures, or program modules). System memory 204, removable storage device 209, and non-removable storage device 210 are examples of computer storage media (i.e., memory storage). Computer storage medium can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital universal disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other article of manufacture that can be used to store information and is accessible by computing device 200. According to one aspect, any such computer storage medium can be part of computing device 200. Computer storage medium does not include carrier waves or other transmitted data signals.

[0060] According to one aspect, a communication medium is implemented by computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal (e.g., a carrier wave or other transmission mechanism), and includes any information transmission medium. According to one aspect, the term "modulated data signal" describes a signal having one or more sets of characteristics or altered in a manner that encodes information in the signal. By way of example and not limitation, a communication medium includes wired media such as wired networks or direct wired connections, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared, and other wireless media.

[0061] In an embodiment of the invention, computing device 200 is configured to execute a traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market. The computing device 200 includes one or more processors and one or more readable storage media storing program instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing device to execute the traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to this embodiment of the invention.

[0062] In some embodiments, the computing device 200 that performs the traceability and settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electric carbon market in this embodiment of the invention may be a terminal or a server.

[0063] It should be noted that during the operation of the electricity market, there is a common discrepancy between actual power generation, actual electricity consumption, and contracted electricity volume. Contracted electricity volume is typically signed based on load forecasts, power supply plans, and other information at the spot market or even earlier, agreeing on the amount of electricity to be traded between the power generator and the power consumer at a future time. However, due to various factors such as changes in weather conditions, the status of power equipment, and load fluctuations, actual power generation and consumption often deviate from the original plan. Therefore, the traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the embodiments of the present invention can be used to track the flow of traceable electricity volume, thereby enabling reasonable settlement of environmental responsibilities.

[0064] It should also be noted that carbon emissions from electricity production are not transferred with the transfer of electricity, thus the power generation stage is generally considered the main source of carbon emissions. However, this is not the case in reality; electricity consumption behavior is the true root cause of carbon emissions. If all carbon emissions generated by electricity are borne by the power generation end, i.e., all costs are borne by fuel power plants, this is not only unfair but also increases the burden on power generation companies and reduces their enthusiasm for participating in emission reduction cooperation. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the environmental responsibility settlement for electricity consumption by the load is based on the load bearing its own indirect carbon emissions from electricity consumption.

[0065] Figure 3 A schematic flowchart of a traceability and settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of an electric carbon market, provided by an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the process for electricity traceability and settlement is shown in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0066] The following will combine Figure 3 and Figure 4 The traceability and settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market in this embodiment of the invention will be described in detail below. Figure 3 As shown, the traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market includes the following steps 310-380.

[0067] Step 310: The computing device 200 can obtain the contract transaction information between each generator set and each load, and construct a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information. The contract transaction matrix contains the contract transaction electricity between each load and each generator set.

[0068] In some embodiments, the generator set (power source type) includes thermal power generator sets, wind power generator sets, and photovoltaic generator sets.

[0069] In some embodiments, in step 310, the computing device 200 can obtain power flow information and obtain contract transaction information between each generator set and each load from the power flow information.

[0070] In some embodiments, in step 310, the computing device 200 can obtain contract transaction information between each generator set and each load within any time period (any hour), and construct a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information. Based on this, the contract transaction matrix includes the contracted electricity volume between each load and each generator set, with the time scale being hourly. The contracted electricity volume with the time scale being hourly includes the electricity volume of medium- and long-term transactions broken down to the hour, the electricity volume of day-ahead transactions broken down to the hour, and the hourly transaction electricity volume. The contract transaction matrix includes an initial green electricity transaction matrix and an initial thermal power transaction matrix.

[0071] Step 320: The computing device 200 can construct a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generator supply auxiliary matrix based on the contract transaction matrix. The load demand auxiliary matrix is ​​used to represent the proportion of the contract transaction electricity of each load and each generator set in the total contract transaction electricity of each load. The generator supply auxiliary matrix is ​​used to represent the proportion of the contract transaction electricity of each generator set and each load in the total contract transaction electricity of each generator set.

[0072] Specifically, in step 320, the computing device 200 can obtain the contracted electricity volume between each load and each generator set according to the contract transaction matrix, and determine the total contracted electricity volume between each load and all generator sets. Based on the proportional relationship between the contracted electricity volume between each load and each generator set and the total contracted electricity volume between each load and all generator sets, it constructs a load demand auxiliary matrix. Furthermore, the computing device 200 can obtain the contracted electricity volume between each generator set and each load according to the contract transaction matrix, and determine the total contracted electricity volume between each generator set and all loads. Based on the proportional relationship between the contracted electricity volume between each generator set and each load and the total contracted electricity volume between each generator set and all loads, it constructs a generator set supply auxiliary matrix.

[0073] Step 330: The calculation device 200 can obtain the actual power consumption of each load and the actual power generation of each generator set.

[0074] In some embodiments, the computing device 200 is communicatively connected to a smart meter and can obtain the actual electricity consumption of each load from the smart meter, for example, the actual electricity consumption of each load within any time period t (any hour) from the smart meter.

[0075] Step 340: The computing device 200 can construct a market entity contract traceability matrix (as a preliminary contract traceability result) based on the load demand auxiliary matrix, the generator supply auxiliary matrix, the actual power consumption of each load, and the actual power generation of each generator.

[0076] In this embodiment of the invention, the market entity contract traceability matrix is ​​used to represent the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume of each market entity (as the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume of each load). Market entities include loads and generator sets. The preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume of a market entity is the minimum value among the contract transaction electricity volume between the load and the generator set, the actual electricity consumption of the load, and the actual transaction power generation of the generator set. The actual transaction power generation of the generator set is the actual power generation of the generator set minus the grid loss component allocated to the generator set.

[0077] In some embodiments, in step 340, a load-side contract traceability matrix is ​​first obtained based on the load demand auxiliary matrix and the actual electricity consumption of each load. Then, the actual transaction power generation of each generator unit is obtained by subtracting the grid loss component allocated to each generator unit from its actual power generation, and a generator unit-side contract traceability matrix is ​​obtained based on the generator unit supply auxiliary matrix and the actual transaction power generation of each generator unit. Furthermore, a market entity contract traceability matrix can be constructed based on the load demand auxiliary matrix, the generator unit supply auxiliary matrix, the load-side contract traceability matrix, and the generator unit-side contract traceability matrix. The specific process will be described in the embodiments below.

[0078] Step 350: The calculation device 200 can determine the deviation power of each generator set based on the actual power generation of each generator set and the market entity contract traceability matrix.

[0079] Step 360: The computing device 200 can use the power flow tracing method (a power flow tracing method based on network topology) to construct a deviation power allocation source tracing model.

[0080] Specifically, in step 360, the relationship between the generator power of each node in the power grid and the power flowing through each node can be established through the power flow distribution matrix to establish a deviation power allocation model. Establishing the deviation power allocation model specifically includes: expressing the deviation power of the load at a node as the sum of the deviation power contributed by the generators at each node, and obtaining the expression for the deviation power component obtained by the load at a node from the generators at each node.

[0081] Step 370: The calculation device 200 can determine the deviation power component obtained by each load from each generator set based on the deviation power allocation model and the deviation power of each generator set, so as to obtain the deviation power of each load.

[0082] Step 380: The calculation device 200 can obtain the final traceability settlement result based on the market entity contract traceability matrix and the deviation electricity of each load (the deviation electricity component obtained by each load from each generator set). Then, carbon emission traceability settlement and green electricity environmental rights settlement can be carried out based on the final traceability settlement result to determine the total carbon emissions of each load and the total number of environmental rights certificates of each load (e.g., the number of green certificates).

[0083] In some embodiments, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity includes the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of green electricity transactions and the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of thermal power transactions. Deviation electricity includes green electricity deviation electricity and thermal power deviation electricity. Accordingly, in step 380, the total carbon emissions of each load can be determined as follows: First, the indirect carbon emissions of the load's preliminary traceability settlement electricity can be determined based on the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the green electricity transactions corresponding to the load, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the thermal power transactions, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit; the indirect carbon emissions of the load's deviation electricity can be determined based on the green electricity deviation electricity component obtained by the load from each generating unit, the thermal power deviation electricity component obtained by the load from each generating unit, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit. Furthermore, the total carbon emissions of the load can be determined based on the indirect carbon emissions of the load's preliminary traceability settlement electricity and the indirect carbon emissions of the load's deviation electricity.

[0084] In step 380, the total number of environmental rights certificates for each load can be determined in the following ways: the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load is determined based on the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the green electricity transaction corresponding to the load and the environmental rights certificate conversion coefficient; the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load is determined based on the green electricity deviation electricity of the load and the environmental rights certificate conversion coefficient; and the total number of environmental rights certificates for the load is determined based on the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load and the initial number of environmental rights certificates for the load.

[0085] It should be noted that power flow tracing based on network topology is a widely used power system analysis tool for transmission cost allocation and environmental attribute assignment. Its basic principle stems from the concept of "proportional allocation," meaning that the power on an outgoing branch in a network is shared by all incoming branches in proportion to their respective power outputs. Power flow tracing identifies the source paths of electricity consumed by end users and, combined with output data of different types of power sources and power flow distribution between branches during different time periods, further calculates the carbon emission factor and green environmental rights (such as green certificate ownership) corresponding to each node's unit of electricity consumption. This power flow tracing method enables a carbon emission accountability mechanism and effective certification of green electricity, providing fundamental data support for carbon trading and green electricity trading.

[0086] According to power flow tracing methods, it is assumed that generators prioritize meeting local load demand, and surplus power is transmitted to other load nodes through the power grid. For each node in the power grid, the power flow on each outgoing branch (output branch) of the node is a mixture of the power flows of all incoming branches (input branches) of that node in a certain proportion. The first step in power flow tracing is usually to deduct the network losses of the original active power loss network based on the power flow calculation, and to equivalently transform it into a reactive power loss model to ensure power conservation during the tracing process. Subsequently, based on the principle of proportional allocation, the flow path of electrical energy is traced layer by layer to ultimately achieve accurate power allocation.

[0087] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a power flow tracking method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0088] like Figure 5 As shown, taking line ij as an example, the two ends of the line are nodes i and j, where the generator power (unit power) connected to node i is P. Si The load power connected to node j is P. Di According to the proportional allocation principle, when the branch power flows from node i to node j, the power of the output branch is provided by each input branch according to the corresponding power ratio, where the load power P Di From the unit power P Si The provided power ratio is The power ratio provided by P1 is The power provided by P2 is

[0089] Since the power flowing through a node is equal to the total power flowing into the node, the power flowing through node j can be expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, P j Represents the power flowing through node j, |P ji | Represents the power P flowing into node j ji The absolute value of P; Si S represents the power of the generator set connected to node j; + It represents the sum of the upstream nodes of node j.

[0092] The above equation can then be rewritten as:

[0093]

[0094] In the formula, P i Let be the power flowing through upstream node i.

[0095] Furthermore, the above equation can be expressed in matrix form as follows:

[0096] H u P = P S (3)

[0097] In the formula, P S ∈R n×1 A matrix representing the generator power of each node; P = [P1, P2, ..., P n ] T H is a vector representing the power flowing through each node; u ∈R n×n The power flow distribution matrix has the following element calculation formula:

[0098]

[0099] In the formula, (H u ) ji The power flow distribution matrix H u The element in the j-th row and i-th column.

[0100] As can be seen from the above equation, through the power flow distribution matrix H u The generator power P at each node of the power grid was established. S The relationship between the power flowing through each node and the power P flowing through each node. Based on the fact that the power flowing through a node is equal to the total power flowing out of the node (the sum of the node's load power and the power flowing to downstream nodes), the generator set power can be distributed to the load power of each node.

[0101] In addition, based on the generator set power P of each of the above nodes S The relationship between the load power P of each node and the total power flowing into and out of the node (the sum of the load power of the node and the power flowing to downstream nodes) is established. Based on the principle of proportional allocation (the power drawn by the load from each generator set is distributed proportionally), the load power P of node n can be calculated. ln This represents the sum of the power contributions from the generator sets at each node, i.e.:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, ε n ∈R n×1 P is a column vector where the nth component is 1 and the rest are 0; n Let be the power flowing through node n.

[0104] This allows us to obtain the power components that the load at node n draws from the generators at each node. Specifically, the power component P that the load at node n draws from the generators at node i is... ln,gi It can be represented as:

[0105]

[0106] Therefore, a power sharing model is constructed using the power flow tracing method.

[0107] In some embodiments, the power sharing model constructed using the power flow tracing method also includes a variety of constraints, specifically including: power flow equation constraints, branch power flow constraints, node voltage constraints, and power generation constraints.

[0108] The power flow equation constraints are used to constrain each node in the power grid. For each connected node i in the power grid, the power flow equation must be satisfied to ensure that the active power and reactive power of the power grid are balanced, that is, the load power and generation power of the system are matched, and the conductance and susceptance characteristics of the line are taken into account.

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, P Gi and Q Gi These represent the active and reactive power outputs of the generator set connected to node i, respectively; P Li and Q Li These represent the active and reactive loads of node i, respectively; G ij and B ij These are the negative values ​​of the conductance and susceptance of branch ij, respectively; U i and U j δ represents the voltage magnitudes at nodes i and j, respectively;ij Let δ be the voltage angle difference between node i and node j. ij =δ i -δ j , where δ i and δ j These are the voltage angles at nodes i and j, respectively.

[0111] Branch power flow constraints are used to constrain the maximum power of each branch. The maximum power of a branch can typically be expressed as:

[0112]

[0113] Among them, S i-j,t It is the complex power of branch ij, which includes active power P. i-j and reactive power Q i-j S i-j,max It is the maximum power carrying capacity of branch ij.

[0114] Node voltage constraints are used to constrain the upper and lower limits of the voltage at each node, as shown in the following formula:

[0115] V i,min ≤V i,t ≤V i,max (10)

[0116] Among them, V i,min and V i,max These are the lower and upper voltage limits for node i, respectively, V i,t It is the voltage amplitude at node i.

[0117] Power generation constraints are used to limit the upper and lower limits of the active power output of each distributed power source. Specifically, for each distributed power source k, its active power output has certain upper and lower limits, which are usually determined by factors such as technical capabilities, market conditions, and electricity demand. The power generation constraints are as follows:

[0118] P Gk,min ≤P Gk,t ≤P Gk,max (11)

[0119] Among them, P Gk,t P is the active power output of power supply k at time t. Gk,min and P Gk,max These are the lower and upper limits of the power supply's active power output, respectively.

[0120] In some embodiments of the present invention, carbon flow tracking can be achieved using active power based on the principle of proportional sharing, and the node carbon potential and node load carbon flow rate can be calculated by combining the network topology of the ideal steady-state system and the power flow analysis theory.

[0121] Among them, the nodal carbon potential reflects the relationship between carbon emission flow and active power flow, and is used to represent the carbon emissions generated by a unit of electricity consumed by a nodal load (active load) (i.e., the carbon emission intensity of the nodal load). The higher the carbon potential value of a node, the greater the carbon emissions generated by the active load consuming a unit of electricity at that node. The nodal carbon potential can be determined by combining the carbon emission flow from the conventional generator units at that node with the carbon emission flow flowing into it from other surrounding nodes. The carbon potential e of node i is... Ni It can be represented as:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, I * Let P be the set of branches where there is a power flow into node i; j ρ is the active power of branch i; i P represents the carbon flux density of branch i; gi The active power generated by the generator set at node i; e gi Let be the carbon emission intensity of the generator set connected to node i.

[0124] It should be noted that the carbon emission intensity of a node load is equal to the carbon potential of that node. The node carbon potential and the generator set carbon emission intensity have the same dimensions, typically gCO2 / (kWh). Numerically, the node carbon potential (node ​​carbon potential value) is equal to the carbon flux density ρ of all branches flowing into the node. i The weighted average of active power flow.

[0125] Furthermore, the load carbon flow rate of a node can be calculated (multiplied) by the node carbon potential and the node load power. The load carbon flow rate represents the amount of carbon emissions generated by the generator unit per unit time to supply the node load.

[0126] In some embodiments, hourly transactions can be used as the minimum time scale to aggregate contracted electricity volume and actual executed electricity volume (actual power generation and actual electricity consumption) within any given period. Medium- and long-term market transactions are considered as a set of annual and monthly transaction volumes, day-ahead market transactions are considered as a set of 24-hour transaction volumes, and spot market transactions are considered as a set of hourly transaction volumes. The actual settlement electricity volume within any given period is the sum of the initial traceability settlement electricity volume after rounding down the contract and the deviation electricity volume after power allocation. Based on this, a comprehensive traceability settlement model for the entire electricity trading process is constructed, as shown in the following equation:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, P l,k P represents the total actual electricity consumption (actual total electricity consumption) of m loads in the entire power grid during time period t; g,kP represents the total electricity actually generated by n generator sets in the entire power grid during time period t (actual total power generation). l,k,t The actual electricity consumption of the load during time period t; This represents the initial traceability settlement of green electricity transactions for load l within time period t; This represents the initial traceability settlement of thermal power transactions for load l within time period t; P l,d,n,li This represents the deviation of load l in time period t; i∈Ω LT-Lk This represents the set of all contract transactions for load l within time period t.

[0129] Similarly, P g,k,t This represents the actual power generation of the generator unit during time period t, which includes... P l,d,n,gi , These represent the initial traceability settlement amount of green electricity trading for generator unit g during time period t, the initial traceability settlement amount of thermal power trading for generator unit g during time period t, the deviation amount of generator unit g during time period t, and the amount of grid loss sharing.

[0130] It should be understood that the sum of the preliminary source-based settlement power of the load and the deviation power of the load equals the actual power consumption of the load. The sum of the preliminary source-based settlement power of the generator unit, the deviation power of the generator unit, and the power allocated for network losses equals the actual power generation of the generator unit.

[0131] In some embodiments, a contract traceability and settlement model for electricity trading is constructed, and the specific process is as follows.

[0132] Assuming a complete power system where all users participate in the electricity market, ensuring supply and demand balance, and settlement on an hourly timescale, the hourly contracted electricity volume comprises three parts: medium- and long-term breakdown volume, day-ahead breakdown volume, and hourly volume. Here, we disregard the transaction price of each volume, focusing only on the breakdown of contracted and actual electricity volumes. For any given hour, we obtain market user information from the power trading system (i.e., contract transaction information between each generating unit and each load within any given hour). Based on this information, a contract transaction matrix can be constructed. This matrix contains the hourly contracted electricity volumes between each load and each generating unit (including the hourly breakdown of medium- and long-term transactions, the hourly breakdown of day-ahead transactions, and the hourly transaction volume). The contract transaction matrix includes an m×n initial green electricity transaction matrix T0 and an initial thermal power transaction matrix T1, as shown in the following equation:

[0133]

[0134] In the formula, y = 0 represents the initial green power trading matrix; y = 1 represents the initial thermal power trading matrix; S m,n This represents the contracted electricity volume between the nth generating unit and the mth load on an hourly timescale (when y=0, it is the green electricity contracted electricity volume; when y=1, it is the thermal power contracted electricity volume), including the electricity volume P that is broken down into hours for medium- and long-term transactions. z,t The electricity volume P that was broken down into hours from the day's transactions r,t and hourly transaction volume P x,t .

[0135] Based on the contract transaction matrix constructed above, a load-side contract traceability matrix can be further constructed. The specific process of constructing the load-side contract traceability matrix is ​​as follows.

[0136] First, based on the contract transaction matrix constructed above, the contract transaction volume between each load and each generator set can be obtained, and then the total contract transaction volume between each load and all generator sets can be determined (i.e., the sum of the contract transaction volumes between the load and each generator set).

[0137] For the l-th load, the total contracted electricity volume K between load l and all generating units is... l,y for:

[0138]

[0139] Define the percentage of electricity traded by load as A b This is an auxiliary matrix for load demand.

[0140] Furthermore, a load demand auxiliary matrix can be constructed based on the proportion of contracted electricity volume between each load and each generating unit, and the proportion of contracted electricity volume between each load and the total contracted electricity volume of all generating units. The matrix factor T of the load demand auxiliary matrix... Bgl =S gl / K l,y This load demand auxiliary matrix can be understood as representing the proportion of the contracted electricity volume between each load and each generating unit within the total contracted electricity volume of each load in any given hour. Specifically, the load demand auxiliary matrix is ​​shown in the following formula:

[0141]

[0142] Furthermore, the actual electricity consumption of each load can be obtained. Specifically, the actual electricity consumption of each load in any given hour can be obtained from the smart meter:

[0143] B = [B′1 B′2 … B′] m-1 B′ m ] (twenty one)

[0144] Based on the above load demand auxiliary matrix A b Given the actual electricity consumption B of each load in any given hour, the load-side contract traceability matrix can be obtained. This matrix represents the initial traceability electricity consumption of the contracts after considering deviations on the load side. The load-side contract traceability matrix is ​​shown in the following formula:

[0145]

[0146] Accordingly, based on the contract transaction matrix constructed above, a generator set-side contract traceability matrix can be further constructed. The specific process of constructing the generator set-side contract traceability matrix is ​​as follows.

[0147] First, based on the contract transaction matrix constructed above, the contract transaction volume between each generator set and each load can be obtained, and then the total contract transaction volume between each generator set and all loads can be determined (i.e., the sum of the contract transaction volumes between the generator set and each load).

[0148] For the g-th generator unit, the total contracted electricity volume G between generator unit g and all loads is... g,y for:

[0149]

[0150] Define the proportion of the generated electricity A in the generator set. s Auxiliary matrix is ​​supplied to the generator set.

[0151] Furthermore, a generator supply auxiliary matrix can be constructed based on the proportion of contracted electricity volume between each generator unit and each load, and the proportion of total contracted electricity volume between each generator unit and all loads. The matrix factor T used in this generator supply auxiliary matrix represents... Sgl =S gl / G g,y The generator supply auxiliary matrix can be understood as representing the proportion of the contracted electricity volume between each generator set and each load within the total contracted electricity volume of all generator sets in any given hour. The generator supply auxiliary matrix is ​​as follows:

[0152]

[0153] Afterwards, the actual power generation of each generator set can be obtained. Specifically, the actual power generation X of each generator set for any given hour can be obtained from the smart meter:

[0154] X = [X1′ X′2 … X′] n-1 X′ n (25)

[0155] Considering network losses, the actual power generation X will be slightly greater than the actual power consumption B. Therefore, it is necessary to first allocate the network loss to each generator set to ensure that the adjusted actual power generation of each generator set is equal to the actual power consumption of each load. The network loss component (network loss allocation) for the i-th generator set is:

[0156]

[0157] Therefore, the actual traded power generation of each generator unit can be obtained by subtracting the grid loss component allocated to each generator unit from its actual power generation X. In other words, the actual traded power generation S of each generator unit is the actual power generation X of each generator unit minus the grid loss component allocated to each generator unit. The actual traded power generation S of each generator unit is as follows:

[0158] S = [S1′ S′2 … S′] n-1 S′ n (27)

[0159] It should be pointed out that the actual electricity generated in the transaction, after deducting the network loss component, is strictly equal to the actual electricity consumption.

[0160] Furthermore, the auxiliary supply matrix A of the generator set can be constructed as described above. s The actual transaction power generation S of each generator unit is used to obtain the generator unit-side contract traceability matrix. This matrix represents the initial traceable power volume of the contracts after considering deviations on the generator unit side. The generator unit-side contract traceability matrix is ​​as follows:

[0161]

[0162] Next, a market participant contract traceability matrix can be constructed based on the aforementioned load demand auxiliary matrix, generator supply auxiliary matrix, load-side contract traceability matrix, and generator-side contract traceability matrix. It should be understood that market participants include loads and generators. The market participant contract traceability matrix represents the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume of each market participant's contract after considering deviations (i.e., the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume for each load). This preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume is the minimum value among the market participant contract transaction electricity volume (contract transaction electricity volume between load and generator), the market participant's actual electricity consumption (actual load electricity consumption), and the market participant's actual transaction power generation (actual transaction power generation of generators). As mentioned earlier, the actual transaction power generation of generators equals the actual power generation of generators minus the grid loss component allocated to generators. The specific market participant contract traceability matrix is ​​as follows:

[0163]

[0164] In some embodiments, a traceability and settlement model for the deviation in electricity consumption can be further constructed, and the specific process is as follows.

[0165] Specifically, for the load-side deviation, based on the overall grid topology, the output P of the generating units participating in the power trading can be determined according to the power contract trading information. l Splitting into green electricity trading contracts Contributing to thermal power trading contracts Actual power consumption B′ of the load m There is a discrepancy between the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity consumption of the load. The physical flow of the load's discrepancy electricity is the remaining electricity volume after deducting the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume (including green electricity and thermal power) determined according to the market participant contract traceability matrix. Based on this, the following relationship exists within any time period t (hours):

[0166]

[0167]

[0168]

[0169] For the deviation of the generator set's power output, the deviation of each generator set can be determined based on the actual power output of the generator set and the market entity's contract traceability matrix.

[0170] Within any given time period t (hour), the load power P participating in the electricity trading can be determined based on the electricity contract trading information. g Breaking down into green electricity trading load power and thermal power trading load power Considering the actual power generation S′ of the generator set n There is a discrepancy between the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity volume generated by the generator unit. The physical flow of the discrepancy electricity volume is the remaining electricity volume after deducting the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume (including green electricity and thermal electricity volume) determined according to the market participant contract traceability matrix. Their relationship can be expressed as:

[0171]

[0172]

[0173]

[0174] It should be noted that if all the power generated (absorbed) by the generator set (load) participates in electricity trading, the actual physical flow still exists, but... and All are 0; if the power generated (absorbed) by the generator set (load) is less than the preliminary traceability settlement power, then and Since all values ​​are negative, only preliminary source tracing and settlement of electricity volume needs to be considered.

[0175] In some embodiments, the deviation power of each generator set can be allocated to each load. Specifically, a deviation power allocation tracing model based on network topology can be constructed using power flow tracing methods. Subsequently, based on the deviation power allocation model and the deviation power of each generator set, the deviation power component obtained by each load from each generator set can be determined to obtain the deviation power of each load. Furthermore, based on the market entity contract tracing matrix and the deviation power of each load, the final tracing settlement result (the final tracing settlement power of each load) can be obtained. The details are as follows:

[0176] Based on the power flow tracing theory described above, the power flow distribution matrix H can be used to... u Establish the generator power P of each node in the power grid S The relationship between the power P flowing through each node and the generator power P at each node. S The relationship between the power P flowing through each node and the total power flowing into the node is given, and the power flowing through the node is equal to the sum of the node load power and the power flowing to the downstream node. Based on the proportional allocation principle, the node load power is expressed as the sum of the contribution power of the generator sets of each node.

[0177] Accordingly, through the power flow distribution matrix H u Establish the generator power P of each node in the power grid S The relationship between the power P flowing through each node and the deviation power allocation model can be established. Specifically:

[0178] Through the power flow distribution matrix H u Establish the generator power P of each node in the power grid S The relationship between the power P flowing through each node and the load l at node n can be used to determine the deviation power P of the load l at node n. l,d,n This is expressed as the sum of the contribution deviation power of the generator sets at each node, i.e.:

[0179]

[0180] In the formula, ε n ∈R n×1 P is a column vector where the nth component is 1 and the rest are 0; n Let be the power flowing through node n.

[0181] Furthermore, the expression for the deviation power component obtained by the load of a node from the generator sets of each node can be obtained. Specifically, the deviation power component P obtained by the load l of node n from the generator sets of node i is... l,d,n,li As shown in the following formula:

[0182]

[0183] In the formula, ε i ∈R n×1 It is a column vector where the i-th component is 1 and the rest are 0.

[0184] It is evident that the power distribution matrix can be used to decompose the generator power (deviation power). Given the power distribution matrix H... u and P S Then, the deviation power component of the node's load obtained from each generator set can be directly obtained according to the above formula.

[0185] Specifically, by substituting the deviation power of each generator set into the above deviation power allocation tracing model, the deviation power component obtained by each load from each generator set can be determined, and thus the deviation power of each load (i.e., the deviation power allocated to each load) can be obtained.

[0186] Based on the market entity contract traceability matrix constructed above and the deviation electricity of each load, the final traceability settlement result can be obtained. Then, carbon emission traceability settlement and green electricity environmental rights traceability settlement can be carried out based on the final traceability settlement result to determine the total carbon emissions of each load and the number of environmental rights certificates for each load.

[0187] In some embodiments, the specific method for determining the total carbon emissions of each load based on the final source tracing settlement results is as follows: First, a preliminary indirect carbon emission vector for each load can be constructed based on the market entity contract source tracing matrix, denoted as... The indirect carbon emissions used to represent the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of each load include the indirect carbon emissions of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of all node loads in the power grid. The indirect carbon emissions of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of load l participating in electricity trading are denoted as... The remaining node values ​​are filled with 0. Furthermore, a vector of indirect carbon emissions due to load deviation can be constructed, denoted as... The indirect carbon emissions used to represent the deviation in electricity consumption of each load include the indirect carbon emissions of the deviation in electricity consumption of all node loads in the power grid. The indirect carbon emissions of the deviation in electricity consumption of load l participating in electricity trading are denoted as... The values ​​of the remaining nodes are filled with 0.

[0188] Furthermore, the initial indirect carbon emissions can be vectorized based on the load. Indirect carbon emission vector with load deviation To determine the total carbon emissions for each load, the preliminary indirect carbon emissions of the loads are vectorized. Indirect carbon emission vector with load deviation By superimposing these values, we can obtain the total carbon emissions E corresponding to the total electricity consumption of each load in the power grid.L :

[0189]

[0190] In some embodiments, the corresponding load node carbon potential e can also be calculated based on the total carbon emissions from the load described above:

[0191] e = E L / P l,k (39)

[0192] It should be noted that nodal carbon potential is used to represent the carbon emissions generated per unit of electricity consumed by a nodal load (the carbon emission intensity of the nodal load's electricity consumption). Nodal carbon potential can be determined jointly based on the carbon emission flow from the node's generators and the carbon emission flow flowing into it from other surrounding nodes; the nodal carbon potential value is equal to the weighted average of the carbon flow density of all branches flowing into the node with respect to the active power flow.

[0193] Furthermore, the load carbon flow rate of a node can be determined based on the node carbon potential and the node load power. The load carbon flow rate of a node is used to represent the amount of carbon emissions generated by the generator unit per unit time to supply the node load.

[0194] This led to the establishment of a user-indirect carbon emission accounting model that considers electricity trading. This carbon emission accounting model takes into account both the user's electricity consumption behavior and the actual network relationship, and can analyze the differences in equivalent carbon emissions among different users after participating in electricity trading.

[0195] In some embodiments, preliminary carbon emission traceability settlement can be carried out based on the market entity contract traceability matrix.

[0196] It should be noted that the market entity contract traceability matrix and deviation power allocation traceability model constructed according to the embodiments of the present invention can realize the accurate correspondence between power flow on the generation side and the load side. This not only accurately tracks the power trading path but also provides refined data support for carbon emission accounting. Since the carbon emissions of each node's load are directly provided by the corresponding generating units of each node, the preliminary indirect carbon emission vector of the load can be obtained, as shown in the following formula:

[0197]

[0198]

[0199]

[0200] in, Indirect carbon emissions from green electricity trading load; Indirect carbon emissions from thermal power trading load; The total indirect carbon emissions from both loads combined; e NiLet be the carbon emission intensity of generator set i.

[0201] It should be understood that, in some embodiments of the present invention, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity includes the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of green electricity trading and the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of thermal power trading. Based on this, the indirect carbon emissions of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load are the sum of the indirect carbon emissions of the green electricity trading load corresponding to the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load and the indirect carbon emissions of the thermal power trading load corresponding to the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load. Specifically, this can be determined based on the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load green electricity trading, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load thermal power trading, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit.

[0202] In some embodiments, the deviation electricity includes green electricity deviation electricity and thermal power deviation electricity, and the deviation carbon emission traceability and settlement can be carried out based on the deviation electricity.

[0203] Specifically, considering that the power output and carbon emissions of generator sets are generated synchronously and are consistent, if the deviation power of a generator set at a certain time period corresponds to the deviation amount of electricity, the indirect carbon emissions allocated by the load can also be allocated proportionally according to the power allocation method (deviation power allocation source tracing model), thereby obtaining the distribution characteristics of load deviation indirect carbon emissions in the power grid. Based on this, the indirect carbon emissions (load deviation indirect carbon emission vector) in the deviation amount of generator set i allocated by the load can be obtained according to the following formula:

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207] in, Indirect carbon emissions from loads allocated to green electricity deviation; Indirect carbon emissions from loads allocated to offset deviations in thermal power generation; The total indirect carbon emissions from both loads combined; e Ni Let be the carbon emission intensity of generator set i.

[0208] It can be seen that the indirect carbon emissions from the load deviation are the sum of the load indirect carbon emissions allocated to the green electricity deviation and the load indirect carbon emissions allocated to the thermal power deviation. Specifically, it can be determined based on the green electricity deviation component obtained by the load from each generator set, the thermal power deviation component obtained by the load from each generator set, and the carbon emission intensity of each generator set.

[0209] It should be understood that for each load, the indirect carbon emissions of the load's preliminary traceable settlement electricity can be determined based on the preliminary traceable settlement electricity of the green electricity transaction corresponding to the load, the preliminary traceable settlement electricity of the thermal power transaction, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit. Furthermore, the indirect carbon emissions of the load's deviation electricity can be determined based on the green electricity deviation electricity component obtained by the load from each generating unit, the thermal power deviation electricity component obtained by the load from each generating unit, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit. Finally, the total carbon emissions of the load can be determined by summing the indirect carbon emissions of the load's preliminary traceable settlement electricity and the indirect carbon emissions of the load's deviation electricity.

[0210] The settlement of green electricity environmental rights for loads is similar to the carbon emission traceability settlement method mentioned above. The settlement of green electricity environmental rights requires the addition of the number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for the load corresponding to the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume (the preliminary traceability settlement electricity volume of green electricity trading). The number of load deviation environmental rights certificates corresponding to the deviation electricity That is, to obtain the total number of environmental rights certificates E' corresponding to the total green electricity consumption of the load. L :

[0211]

[0212] In some embodiments, the specific formula for calculating the number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for loads is as follows:

[0213]

[0214] In the formula, This indicates the number of preliminary traceable settlement electricity transactions for green electricity trading that can be converted into environmental rights certificates (green certificates) (number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for load). λ represents the initial traceability and settlement electricity volume of green electricity transactions; λ represents the environmental rights certificate conversion factor, with a unit of 1 MW·h.

[0215] In other words, the number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for a load can be determined based on the initial traceability settlement electricity volume of the green electricity transaction corresponding to the load and the conversion coefficient of the environmental rights certificate.

[0216] The specific formula for calculating the number of environmental rights certificates for load deviation is as follows:

[0217]

[0218] In the formula, This indicates the amount of green electricity deviation that can be converted into environmental rights certificates (the number of load deviation environmental rights certificates); This refers to the deviation in green electricity volume.

[0219] In other words, the number of load deviation environmental rights certificates can be determined based on the green electricity deviation of the load and the environmental rights certificate conversion factor.

[0220] Furthermore, the total number of environmental rights certificates for load can be obtained by summing the number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for load and the number of environmental rights certificates for load deviation.

[0221] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a traceability and settlement simulation process for a novel power system provided according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0222] The source-tracing and settlement simulation process mainly encompasses the source-tracing and settlement process of the entire electricity market transaction. The simulation cycle is one year, with simulation steps refined to the hourly level. The simulation process progresses step-by-step according to the time scale, covering medium- and long-term transactions as well as spot transactions. Medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions are conducted according to the time scale. Within each level of the trading market, the transaction process can be broken down into actions such as market participant information reporting, market clearing, real-time electricity determination, contract execution, and settlement. The projected monthly, daily, and real-time output curves for generating units and loads are derived from empirical data.

[0223] The specific process of the traceability and settlement simulation is as follows:

[0224] First, input initial data and conduct medium- and long-term centralized bidding transactions. Power generators and users submit their electricity declarations based on 80%-90% of the medium- and long-term projected power generation and consumption. Bids are determined by deep reinforcement learning algorithms based on the model established by the system. The management entity summarizes the information and performs unified clearing. The transaction results are recorded in the contract objects.

[0225] Subsequently, a decentralized market model was adopted to connect medium- and long-term transactions with spot transactions, with the physical execution of medium- and long-term contracts as the main focus, and the spot market participating in supplementing surplus electricity. That is, at the day-ahead stage, the power generation and consumption parties break down the medium- and long-term contract electricity volume, the expected power generation, and the expected power demand into daily amounts. The contract electricity volume is broken down according to the proportion of the daily power demand in the month. After determining the power generation and demand, a centralized day-ahead auction is conducted. The electricity volume submitted is the remaining daily electricity volume that has not been met after the contract breakdown. A total of 365 day-ahead transactions are conducted throughout the year, with the step size being the last hour of each day.

[0226] Next, the transaction scale was further refined to conduct real-time spot transactions. First, the expected power generation and expected power demand were still broken down to the hour. Then, the power of the day-ahead contract and the monthly contract were broken down to the hour. The real-time expected power generation and demand of both the power generator and the user were determined and declared based on this power. After the transaction was completed, the contract information was updated. A total of 8,760 real-time transactions were conducted throughout the year, once for each step.

[0227] Finally, considering the real-time output fluctuations of generating units and loads, the actual hourly output and load are determined. The contracted electricity purchase volume and the actual electricity volume executed by smart meters are compared, and the model proposed in this invention is used for final settlement to obtain the actual settled electricity volume for each generating unit and each load. Carbon market trading simulation and green certificate allocation simulation are then conducted based on the actual source-tracing settlement data of the generating unit loads.

[0229] Furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of the traceability settlement model in the embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments, modifications can be made to the IEEE 5-node system to obtain a modified IEEE 5-node system. Figure 7a A schematic diagram of the topology of a modified IEEE 5-node system according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 7b A schematic diagram of load and unit power curves according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0230] like Figure 7a As shown, Node 1 and Node 2 are connected to wind turbine G1 and thermal power unit G2, respectively. The thermal power unit is used to meet the power demand during off-peak wind power output periods. Nodes 3, 4, and 5 are load nodes L1, L2, and L3, respectively. Based on the modified IEEE 5-node system, the load and power generation of the units at different times are as follows: Figure 7b As shown, assuming that all the power output of the wind turbines is absorbed by the power grid, the power output of each turbine on a certain day is obtained through simulation and turbine combination optimization.

[0231] Figure 8a A schematic diagram illustrating the carbon emission percentage at different stages for different types of units according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 8a It can be seen that the manufacturing and installation phases are the main sources of emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of wind and solar power units. Secondly, during the dismantling and recycling phases, the carbon emissions of wind and solar power are negative, demonstrating carbon reduction benefits. These benefits are mainly due to the replacement of virgin materials with recycled materials. In contrast, the carbon emissions of thermal power units are primarily reflected in the operation and maintenance phases.

[0232] Figure 8b A schematic diagram illustrating the carbon emission intensity of different generating units according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 8bThis demonstrates that the carbon emission intensity of thermal power units increases non-linearly as the load rate decreases. For a 600MW unit operating at 100% load, the life-cycle carbon emission intensity is 881.04 gCO2 / kWh; when the load rate drops to 20%, the life-cycle carbon emission intensity is 957.43 gCO2 / kWh. This is mainly because as the load rate decreases, the unit efficiency decreases, and the coal consumption per unit of electricity generated increases significantly. In contrast, for a 300MW unit, at the same load rate, the carbon emission intensity generally decreases as the unit capacity increases. This is mainly due to the increased unit efficiency and reduced coal consumption per unit of electricity generated by upgrading the unit's capacity.

[0233] The following is a scenario analysis of the traceability and settlement of electricity trading.

[0234] Figures 9-11 The diagrams show the actual power generation and consumption of the unit load under three scenarios according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0235] In some embodiments, three scenarios are set up: the parameters of the 8th time period of the calculation example are selected as the data for Scenario 1 (multiple generation and multiple uses), and a single-time period calculation example is constructed based on the power generation and consumption results; Scenario 2 (lower generation and less use) uses the calculation results of the 5th time period of the calculation example; Scenario 3 (partially high generation and partially low generation) selects the parameters of the 20th time period of the calculation example. The transaction contract data (each contract includes medium- and long-term decomposed power volume, day-ahead decomposed power volume, and spot transaction power volume) and the actual power generation and consumption data are shown in Table 1 and... Figures 9-11 As shown.

[0236] Table 1. Electricity contract transaction data under different scenarios

[0237]

[0238] Scenario 1 considers a scenario of multiple generation and multiple uses. Initially, a method of taking the smallest of the three (contracted power generation, actual power generation, and actual power consumption) is used for preliminary settlement. Specifically, for each unit-load combination, the minimum of the contracted power volume, the actual power generation of the unit, and the actual power consumption of the load is taken as the initial traceability settlement power volume. According to the example data, the total contracted settlement amounts for G1 and G2 are 217 MWh and 290 MWh, respectively, while the actual total power generation of the units is 527.3022 MWh. Of this, 20.3022 MWh is unallocated power, including 0.306 MWh of grid loss power. The grid loss is allocated to unit G1 as 0.1341 MWh and to unit G2 as 0.1719 MWh. After deducting the grid loss power to form an equivalent lossless power flow, the remaining 19.9962 MWh becomes the core task for subsequent power allocation.

[0239] Figure 12A schematic diagram of the deviation power of the unit load in Scenario 1 of some embodiments of the present invention is shown. The preliminary contract traceability settlement results are shown in Table 2. After the settlement is completed, the unmatched deviation power is extracted and secondary allocation is performed according to the power allocation principle. The unsettled deviation power is shown in... Figure 12 As shown.

[0240] Table 2. Preliminary Settlement Data for Contracts in 8 Time Periods (MWh)

[0241]

[0242] Table 3 shows the deviation power data for period 8. On the generation side, G1 and G2 had 13.9974 MWh and 5.9988 MWh of power not settled under the contract, respectively; on the load side, L1, L2, and L3 still had 8.1242 MWh, 7.1242 MWh, and 4.7478 MWh of demand not being met, respectively. Therefore, based on the physical topology of the power grid, the deviation power was allocated according to the power flow path. For example, the final settlement amount of G1 for L1 increased from 70 MWh in the contract to 76.527 MWh. This adjustment was derived from the power flow physical tracking between the initial settlement amount under the contract and the deviation power. Ultimately, the adjusted settlement result ensured a perfect match between the power generation of the units and the load, with the total actual power generation of 527.3022 MWh equal to the total actual power consumption of 526.9962 MWh plus the generation loss of 0.306 MWh.

[0243] Table 3. Electricity Deviation Data (MWh) for 8 Time Periods

[0244]

[0245] Table 4 shows the final settlement electricity data for the 8th period. Figure 13 A schematic diagram illustrating the electrical load breakdown of the unit during eight time periods in Scenario 1 according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0246] Table 4. Final Settlement Electricity (MWh) for 8 Time Periods

[0247]

[0248] In Scenario 2, the "less generation, less consumption" scenario, the challenge facing the electricity market is how to ensure reasonable allocation of electricity and fairness in settlement when both actual generation and load demand are lower than contractually agreed upon. Regarding the settlement process, the actual total load consumption is 349.9833 MWh, and the actual total generation of the generating units is 350.1323 MWh (including 0.194 MWh of grid loss; after deducting the grid loss to form an equivalent lossless power flow, the grid loss is allocated to unit G1 as 0.1448 MWh and to unit G2 as 0.0492 MWh). G1 and G2 have signed contracted electricity volumes for L1, L2, and L3 respectively (G1: 90, 100, 79; G2: 27, 24, 41). However, the actual generation of G1 is 261.2568 MWh, and the actual generation of G2 is 88.6815 MWh, both lower than the contractually agreed generation capacity. Similarly, the actual electricity consumption of L1, L2, and L3 on the load side is also less than the contracted amount.

[0249] Therefore, the preliminary settlement amount should be the minimum of the contracted amount, the actual power generation of the generating unit, and the actual power consumption of the load, and allocated proportionally. For example, G1's contracted amount to L1 is 90 MWh, but G1's total power generation far exceeds this value, and L1's actual power consumption is 112.532 MWh. Therefore, the final contract settlement amount needs to be allocated according to L1's power consumption, calculated as 112.532 × (90 / 117) = 86.5631 MWh, thus ensuring that the contract settlement does not exceed the actual demand of the load side. According to this method, the preliminary total contract settlement amount is G1: 260.4106 MWh, G2: 88.6243 MWh, leaving 0.9034 MWh of unallocated power, which needs to be further clarified through power tracking. The preliminary traceability settlement results are shown in Table 5.

[0250] Table 5. Preliminary Settlement Data for Contracts in Five Time Periods (MWh)

[0251]

[0252] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the deviation in unit load during five time periods is shown in some embodiments of the present invention, representing Scenario 2. Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating the electrical load breakdown of the unit in five time periods according to scenario two of some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0253] like Figure 14As shown, the offset power consumption continues to be allocated. On the generation side, unit G1 failed to settle 0.8463 MWh due to its actual power generation being lower than the contracted total, while unit G2's unsettled offset was 0.0571 MWh. On the load side, L2's actual power consumption was 0.6272 MWh lower than the contracted amount, and L3's actual power consumption was 0.2762 MWh lower than the contracted amount. These offset power consumptions are allocated using power flow tracking theory. For example, G1's final settled power consumption for L2 is 97.7257 MWh, calculated as the contracted power consumption (97.1215 MWh) plus the offset power consumption from power flow tracking (0.6042 MWh). The final settlement results strictly satisfy the total quantity conservation principle, meaning the total generation volume (G1: 261.2569 MWh, G2: 88.6814 MWh) equals the total demand on the consumption side (L1: 112.532 MWh, L2: 120.883 MWh, L3: 116.5233 MWh), proving the effectiveness of this method in the "less generation, less consumption" scenario. The resulting deviation and final settlement volume are as follows... Figure 15 As shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[0254] Table 6. Unit load deviation electricity consumption (MWh) during 5 time periods

[0255]

[0256] Table 7 Final Settlement Electricity (MWh) for Units in 5 Time Periods

[0257]

[0258] In Scenario 3, a complex electricity market scenario of "partial over-generation and partial under-generation," during time period 20, the actual power generation of unit G1 exceeded the contracted amount, while the actual power generation of unit G2 fell short of the contracted amount, forming a mixed scenario of partial over-generation and partial under-generation. The contracted power volumes for G1 were 95 MWh (L1), 100 MWh (L2), and 84 MWh (L3), totaling 279 MWh, while the contracted power volumes for G2 were 131 MWh (L1), 110 MWh (L2), and 135 MWh (L3), totaling 376 MWh. However, in actual operation, after deducting a network loss of 0.491 MWh, an equivalent lossless power flow was formed, with G1 receiving 0.2156 MWh and G2 receiving 0.2754 MWh. G1's actual traded power generation reached 290.4775 MWh, exceeding the contracted value, while G2's actual traded power generation was only 371.0811 MWh, below the total contracted amount.

[0259] The "smallest of three" contract settlement method is adopted to initially match the electricity volumes of G1 and G2. In the case of the over-generating unit G1, since its actual generating capacity exceeds the contracted amount, and the overall load contract demand (L1: 95MWh, L2: 100MWh, L3: 84MWh, totaling 279MWh) is lower than the actual generating capacity of unit G1 (290.4775MWh), G1 does not need to reduce its initial traceability settlement volume and will be settled in full according to the contract (279MWh). On the other hand, for the under-generating unit G2, since its actual generating capacity (371.0811MWh) is lower than the contractually agreed value (376MWh), the settlement volume for each load needs to be reduced proportionally. For example, for load L1, G2's original contracted volume was 131MWh, but due to its insufficient overall generating capacity, it ultimately needs to be reduced proportionally, calculated as 131 × (371.0811 / 376) =

[0260] 129.2862 MWh, thus clarifying the preliminary settlement result after rounding down the contract. Ultimately, the preliminary settled contract electricity amounts are G1: 279 MWh, G2: 371.0811 MWh, totaling 650.0811 MWh. Compared to the total electricity consumption of 661.5586 MWh, there is still a deviation of 11.4775 MWh, which requires further matching. The preliminary traceability settlement results are shown in Table 8.

[0261] Table 8. Preliminary Traceability Settlement Data for Contracts in 20-Hour Periods (MWh)

[0262]

[0263] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the deviation in unit load during 20 time periods is shown in some embodiments of the present invention, for scenario three. Figure 17 A schematic diagram illustrating the electrical load breakdown of the unit during 20 time periods in Scenario 3 according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0264] See Figure 16 , Figure 17As shown in Tables 9 and 10, during the deviation power extraction and allocation stage, G1 generates an excess of 11.4775 MWh of power. This excess power needs to be rationally allocated to each load to match the actual power demand to the greatest extent. G2, on the other hand, has had its contract settlement adjusted proportionally due to its under-generated power, so there is no additional deviation. Therefore, it can be assumed that the excess power used by the remaining loads can be entirely borne by unit G1. For example, in the L1 load settlement, G1 supplements an additional 4.2812 MWh, increasing its contract power from 95 MWh to 99.2812 MWh, thus more accurately meeting the actual demand of L1 (228.5674 MWh) and maintaining G1's share of L1 power supply at approximately 43.4%. Ultimately, after allocation, the entire system achieved strict total quantity conservation, meaning that the total power generation on the generation side (G1: 290.4775MWh + G2: 371.0811MWh = 661.5586MWh) after deducting network losses perfectly matched the total power consumption on the load side (L1: 228.5674MWh, L2: 212.1674MWh, L3: 220.8238MWh).

[0265] Table 9. Unit load deviation electricity consumption (MWh) during the 20-period period

[0266]

[0267] Table 10 Final Settlement Electricity (MWh) for 20-Hour Periods

[0268]

[0269] The scenario-based approach demonstrates stronger market adaptability and engineering feasibility. On one hand, by adopting the "smallest of three" principle, it combines market transactions with physical power flow, ensuring the certainty of contractual transactions while providing reasonable compensation for unsettled electricity under the power flow sharing mechanism. On the other hand, it enhances users' controllability over green electricity use, allowing them to optimize their carbon emissions by adjusting contract structures without entirely relying on changing their electricity consumption behavior. In the analysis, the method was validated in three scenarios from the perspectives of total quantity conservation and real-time unbiasedness. First, regarding total quantity conservation, the final settlement results of the three scenarios conform to the basic balance of the power system, i.e., the total power generation of the generating units equals the total electricity consumption of users plus network losses, with no power loss or unreasonable increases. Second, regarding real-time unbiasedness, experimental results show that the final settlement results not only consider contractual transactions but also do not exceed the actual power generation capacity of the generating units, indicating that the method can ensure the fairness and rationality of the settlement process. Overall, the method in this embodiment outperforms traditional methods in terms of green electricity control and market integration.

[0270] In summary, the traceability settlement method 300 for the coordinated operation of the electricity carbon market according to the present invention constructs a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information between each generating unit and each load. This yields a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generating unit supply auxiliary matrix. Furthermore, by combining the actual electricity consumption of each load and the actual power generation of each generating unit, a market entity contract traceability matrix (the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of each market entity) can be obtained. This allows for the determination of the deviation electricity of each generating unit, and by constructing a deviation power allocation traceability model, the deviation electricity component obtained by each load from each generating unit can be determined. Based on the market entity contract traceability matrix and the deviation electricity of each load, the final traceability settlement result is obtained. Finally, the carbon emissions and environmental rights of each load can be settled based on the final traceability settlement result. Therefore, the flow of traceability electricity can be accurately tracked, and the environmental responsibility of contracts and deviation electricity can be comprehensively considered, enabling precise traceability settlement of carbon emission responsibility and environmental rights for electricity trading and user electricity consumption.

[0271] By way of example, and not limitation, readable media include readable storage media and communication media. Readable storage media stores information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Communication media generally embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in the form of modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and includes any information delivery medium. Any combination of the above is also included within the scope of readable media.

[0272] In the specification provided herein, the algorithms and displays are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other device. Various general-purpose systems can also be used with the examples of this invention. The required structure for constructing such systems is apparent from the above description. Furthermore, this invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It should be understood that the contents of the invention described herein can be implemented using various programming languages, and the above description of specific languages ​​is for the purpose of disclosing the best mode of implementation of the invention.

[0273] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0274] Similarly, it should be understood that, in order to streamline this disclosure and aid in understanding one or more aspects of the invention, features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof in the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention above.

[0275] Those skilled in the art will understand that modules, units, or components of the device in the examples disclosed in this invention can be arranged in the device as described in this embodiment, or alternatively, can be located in one or more devices different from the device in this example. The modules in the foregoing examples can be combined into a single module or further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0276] Unless otherwise specified, the use of ordinal numbers such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe ordinary objects merely indicates different instances of similar objects and is not intended to imply that the objects being described must have a given order in time, space, ordering, or any other manner.

Claims

1. A traceability settlement method for the coordinated operation of an electricity carbon market, executed in a computing device, comprising: Obtain contract transaction information between each generator set and each load, and construct a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information. The contract transaction matrix includes the contract transaction electricity between each load and each generator set. Based on the contract transaction matrix, a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generator supply auxiliary matrix are constructed. The load demand auxiliary matrix is ​​used to represent the proportion of the contract transaction electricity of each load and each generator in the total contract transaction electricity signed by each load. The generator supply auxiliary matrix is ​​used to represent the proportion of the contract transaction electricity of each generator and each load in the total contract transaction electricity signed by each generator. Obtain the actual power consumption of each load and the actual power generation of each generator set; Based on the load demand auxiliary matrix, the generator supply auxiliary matrix, the actual electricity consumption of each load, and the actual power generation of each generator, a market entity contract traceability matrix is ​​constructed. The market entity contract traceability matrix is ​​used to represent the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of each market entity. The market entities include loads and generators. The preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the market entity is the minimum value among the contract transaction electricity between the load and the generator, the actual electricity consumption of the load, and the actual transaction power generation of the generator. The actual transaction power generation of the generator is the actual power generation of the generator minus the network loss component allocated to the generator. The deviation power of each generator set is determined based on the actual power generation of each generator set and the market entity contract traceability matrix. A deviation power allocation source tracing model is constructed using the power flow tracing method; Based on the aforementioned deviation power allocation model and the deviation power of each generator set, the deviation power component obtained by each load from each generator set is determined to obtain the deviation power of each load. Based on the market entity contract traceability matrix and the deviation electricity of each load, the final traceability settlement result is obtained, and the total carbon emissions of each load and the total number of environmental rights certificates for each load are determined based on the final traceability settlement result.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, Based on the load demand auxiliary matrix, the generator supply auxiliary matrix, the actual electricity consumption of each load, and the actual power generation of each generator unit, a market entity contract traceability matrix is ​​constructed, including: Based on the load demand auxiliary matrix and the actual electricity consumption of each load, the load-side contract traceability matrix is ​​obtained; The actual transaction power generation of each generator set is obtained by subtracting the network loss component allocated to each generator set from the actual power generation of each generator set. Based on the generator set supply auxiliary matrix and the actual transaction power generation of each generator set, the generator set side contract traceability matrix is ​​obtained. Based on the load demand auxiliary matrix, generator supply auxiliary matrix, load-side contract traceability matrix, and generator-side contract traceability matrix, a market entity contract traceability matrix is ​​constructed.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, Using power flow tracing methods, a deviation power allocation source tracing model is constructed, including: The relationship between the generator power of each node and the power flowing through each node is established by using the power flow distribution matrix to establish a deviation power allocation model. This includes: expressing the deviation power of the load at each node as the sum of the deviation power contributed by the generators at each node, and obtaining the expression for the deviation power component obtained by the load at each node from the generators at each node.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The preliminary traceability settlement volume includes the preliminary traceability settlement volume of green electricity transactions and the preliminary traceability settlement volume of thermal power transactions; the deviation volume includes the deviation volume of green electricity and the deviation volume of thermal power. The total carbon emissions of each load and the total number of environmental equity certificates for each load are determined based on the final source tracing and settlement results, including: The indirect carbon emissions of the initial traceability settlement of the load are determined based on the initial traceability settlement of the green electricity transaction corresponding to the load, the initial traceability settlement of the thermal power transaction, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit. The indirect carbon emissions of the load's deviation electricity are determined based on the green electricity deviation component of the load from each generator set, the thermal power deviation component of the load from each generator set, and the carbon emission intensity of each generator set. The total carbon emissions of the load are determined based on the indirect carbon emissions from the preliminary traceability settlement of the load and the indirect carbon emissions from the load deviation.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The total carbon emissions of each load and the total number of environmental equity certificates for each load are determined based on the final source tracing and settlement results, including: Based on the market entity contract traceability matrix, a load preliminary indirect carbon emission vector is constructed. The load preliminary indirect carbon emission vector is used to represent the indirect carbon emission of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of each load. The indirect carbon emission of the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load is suitable for determination based on the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load green electricity transaction, the preliminary traceability settlement electricity of the load thermal power transaction, and the carbon emission intensity of each generating unit. A load deviation indirect carbon emission vector is constructed to represent the indirect carbon emission of the deviation electricity of each load. The indirect carbon emission of the load deviation electricity is suitable for determination based on the green electricity deviation electricity component obtained by each load from each generator set, the thermal power deviation electricity component obtained by each load from each generator set, and the carbon emission intensity of each generator set. The total carbon emissions for each load are determined based on the initial indirect carbon emission vector of the load and the indirect carbon emission vector of the load deviation.

6. The method as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein, The determination of the total carbon emissions for each load and the total number of environmental rights certificates for each load based on the final source tracing and settlement results also includes: The number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for a load is determined based on the initial traceability settlement electricity volume of the green electricity transaction corresponding to the load and the conversion coefficient of the environmental rights certificate. The number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for the load is determined based on the green electricity deviation of the load and the environmental rights certificate conversion factor. The total number of environmental rights certificates for the load is determined based on the number of preliminary environmental rights certificates for the load.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, Obtain contract transaction information between each generator set and each load, and construct a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information, including: Obtain the contract transaction information between each generator set and each load within any hour, and construct a contract transaction matrix based on the contract transaction information. The contract transaction matrix contains the contract transaction electricity between each load and each generator set on an hourly time scale. The contracted electricity volume with an hourly time scale includes the electricity volume of medium- and long-term transactions broken down to the hour, the electricity volume of day-ahead transactions broken down to the hour, and the hourly transaction volume; the contracted transaction matrix includes the initial green electricity transaction matrix and the initial thermal power transaction matrix.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, Based on the contract transaction matrix, construct a load demand auxiliary matrix and a generator supply auxiliary matrix, including: Based on the contract transaction matrix, obtain the contract transaction electricity volume between each load and each generator set, and determine the total contract transaction electricity volume between each load and all generator sets. A load demand auxiliary matrix is ​​constructed based on the proportion of each load to the contracted electricity volume of each generator set and the total contracted electricity volume of all generator sets. Based on the contract transaction matrix, obtain the contract transaction electricity volume between each generator set and each load, and determine the total contract transaction electricity volume between each generator set and all loads. A generator supply auxiliary matrix is ​​constructed based on the proportion of contracted electricity volume between each generator set and each load, and the proportion of contracted electricity volume between each generator set and all loads.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, Also includes: Based on the total carbon emissions of each load, the corresponding node carbon potential is determined, and the node carbon potential is used to represent the carbon emissions generated by a node load consuming a unit of electricity. The load carbon flow rate of a node is determined based on the node carbon potential and the node load power. The load carbon flow rate of a node is used to represent the amount of carbon emissions generated by the generator set to supply the node load per unit time.

10. A computing device, comprising: At least one processor; and A memory storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are configured to be processed by the at least one processor, the program instructions including instructions for processing the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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