A high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method, comprising: a support mechanism; a heating mechanism disposed on the support mechanism; multiple extrusion mechanisms disposed at intervals on the heating mechanism, wherein the heating mechanism heats the multiple extrusion mechanisms respectively, and each of the extrusion mechanisms has a feed hopper; and a power mechanism disposed on the support mechanism and connected to the multiple extrusion mechanisms for driving the multiple extrusion mechanisms. This invention relates to the field of cable extrusion technology, adopting an integrated structural design with a compact layout. The heating mechanism has multiple independent heating spaces corresponding to each extrusion mechanism to meet different temperature requirements. The power mechanism drives the multiple extrusion mechanisms to achieve power distribution through transmission components and splitting components. A waste heat recovery mechanism covers the heating mechanism to recover scattered heat and feeds it back to the feed hopper of the extrusion mechanism for material preheating, ultimately achieving the technical effects of compact structure, energy saving and high efficiency, and simple control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable extrusion technology, specifically to a high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Cables are an indispensable component of modern power communication systems. At present, cables mainly consist of a conductor, an insulation layer covering the conductor, a shielding layer, a flame-retardant layer, an armor layer, and an outer sheath. During production, the shielding layer, insulation layer, and protective layer are mostly made of polymer materials, so an extruder is needed to evenly wrap these materials around the outside of the conductor.

[0003] Currently, extruders mainly heat materials to melt them into a material flow, which then solidifies to form various outer layers on the conductor. Since the curing temperature of the materials used for different layers is different, it is necessary to configure multi-stage extrusion processes or use multi-layer extruders for co-extrusion.

[0004] However, multi-stage extrusion processes mean a longer processing cycle. This is because the repeated heating, cooling, and curing processes not only waste energy with each heating but also result in a long production cycle and insufficient interlayer bonding. Currently, multi-layer co-extrusion is also used for processing. Multi-layer co-extrusion can simultaneously complete multi-level extrusion and compounding through a special extruder head, shortening the production cycle. However, this extrusion equipment still requires the use of multiple different extrusion devices and multiple heating systems, which still cannot solve the problem of energy waste in heating equipment. In view of this, in-depth research was conducted on the above problems, which led to this case. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method, thus solving the existing technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-efficiency cable extruder, comprising:

[0007] Supporting institutions;

[0008] A heating mechanism is provided on the supporting mechanism;

[0009] Multiple extrusion mechanisms are spaced apart from the heating mechanism, and the heating mechanism heats the multiple extrusion mechanisms respectively. Each of the extrusion mechanisms has a feed hopper.

[0010] A power mechanism is provided on the support mechanism and is connected to the plurality of extrusion mechanisms for driving the plurality of extrusion mechanisms;

[0011] A waste heat recovery mechanism is connected to a heating mechanism and covers the heating mechanism.

[0012] The waste heat recovery mechanism is also connected to the feed hopper of the extrusion mechanism. The waste heat recovery mechanism is used to recover the waste heat of the heating mechanism and transport the waste heat to the feed hopper for preheating.

[0013] Furthermore, the heating mechanism (2) is divided into multiple independent heating spaces, each of which corresponds to any extrusion mechanism (4), and the multiple extrusion mechanisms (4) can operate in different temperature environments.

[0014] In some embodiments, the heating mechanism further includes: a plurality of electric heaters, a plurality of insulating sleeves, a plurality of embedding holes, and a through sleeve;

[0015] Multiple electric heaters are embedded in the isolation sleeves, multiple isolation sleeves are spaced apart on the support mechanism, multiple isolation sleeves have multiple embedding holes, multiple extrusion mechanisms are embedded in the multiple embedding holes, and the through sleeve is detachably connected to the multiple isolation sleeves.

[0016] In some embodiments, the through sleeve has multiple mounting slots, the isolation sleeve has mounting parts, and the mounting parts of the multiple isolation sleeves are connected to the multiple mounting slots by multiple bolts;

[0017] The through sleeve has a through hole, and a plurality of mounting slots are arranged in a ring array outside the through hole.

[0018] In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery mechanism includes: a main recovery channel, a recovery ring, and multiple circulation pipes;

[0019] The main recovery channel is abutted against the opposite side of the plurality of isolation sleeves. The recovery ring sleeve is sleeved outside the plurality of isolation sleeves and has a reflux cavity inside the recovery ring sleeve. The reflux cavity is connected to the main recovery channel. The plurality of isolation sleeves are disposed between the recovery ring sleeve and the main recovery channel. The end of the isolation sleeve facing away from the electric heater abuts against the main recovery channel. The plurality of circulation pipes are connected to the plurality of extrusion mechanisms and are connected to the reflux cavity and the main reflux channel.

[0020] In some embodiments, the extrusion mechanism includes: an extrusion channel, a conveying screw, a plurality of heat exchange plates, and a discharge port;

[0021] The extrusion channel passes through the embedded hole, the conveying screw is rotatably mounted on the extrusion channel, the extrusion channel is provided with a discharge port, the discharge port is spaced apart from the feed hopper, and a plurality of heat exchange plates are evenly arranged on the extrusion channel, the plurality of heat exchange plates being located inside the isolation sleeve;

[0022] The feed hopper has a circulation channel, which is connected to the circulation pipe.

[0023] In some embodiments, the power mechanism includes: a power housing, a power component, a transmission component, and multiple transfer components;

[0024] The power housing is disposed on the support mechanism, the power component is installed on the power housing, the transmission component is disposed inside the power housing and connected to the power component, the power housing is provided with a plurality of transfer components, the plurality of transfer components are connected to the transmission component, and the plurality of transfer components are respectively connected to a plurality of conveying screws;

[0025] The multiple transfer actuators are connected to the transmission component via multiple synchronizers, and the multiple synchronizers can adjust the rotational speed of the transfer actuators.

[0026] In some embodiments, the support mechanism includes: a base, a support housing, and a pair of bearings;

[0027] The support housing is disposed on the base, and a pair of shaft supports are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support housing. The through sleeve is detachably connected to the shaft supports, and the power housing is disposed on the base.

[0028] In some embodiments, there are two through sleeves, which are symmetrically connected at both ends of the length direction of the plurality of isolation sleeves. Two retaining sleeves are provided outside the through hole of the two through sleeves, and a pair of shaft supports are embedded in the two retaining sleeves of the two through sleeves.

[0029] In some embodiments, the extruder further includes an extruder head that is sequentially connected to the extrusion ends of a plurality of extrusion mechanisms for forming cables.

[0030] A cable extruder application method, implemented based on the aforementioned high-efficiency cable extruder, includes the following steps:

[0031] Inspect the equipment, set the basic parameters of the heating mechanism for preheating, and check the working status of the sensors;

[0032] According to the performance requirements, the material proportions are made, the power mechanism is started, and the initial speed of the extrusion mechanism is adjusted;

[0033] The material is fed into the extrusion mechanism and subjected to multi-layer extrusion processing at a set rate;

[0034] Waste heat recovery mechanisms are used to collect and reuse the heat scattered during the extrusion process;

[0035] Processing of multi-layer co-extrusion molded finished products.

[0036] Beneficial effects:

[0037] This invention provides a high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method. It offers the following advantages: A compact layout is achieved through integrated structural design. A support mechanism serves as the skeleton to support multiple extrusion mechanisms, a power mechanism, a heating mechanism, and a waste heat recovery mechanism. The heating mechanism has multiple independent heating spaces corresponding to each extrusion mechanism to meet different temperature requirements. The power mechanism drives multiple extrusion mechanisms through transmission and distribution components to achieve power distribution. The waste heat recovery mechanism covers the heating mechanisms to recover scattered heat and feeds it back to the extrusion mechanism's feed hopper for material preheating. An integrated control panel with an electrical box enables sensor data collection and command issuance. Modular integration reduces the equipment's footprint. Waste heat recovery improves heating efficiency and material melting rate. A single power source and synchronizer speed regulation simplify the control process, ultimately achieving a compact structure, energy efficiency, and simple control. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a first three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method described in this invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a top view of the high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method described in this invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a second three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method described in this invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion mechanism structure of the high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method described in this invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power mechanism structure of the high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method described in this invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the waste heat recovery mechanism of a high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a third three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method described in this invention.

[0046] Figure 9 This invention relates to a high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method. Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram.

[0047] Figure 10 This is a fourth three-dimensional structural diagram of the high-efficiency cable extruder and its application method described in this invention.

[0048] In the diagram: 1. Support mechanism; 2. Heating mechanism; 3. Waste heat recovery mechanism; 4. Extrusion mechanism; 5. Power mechanism; 6. Extruder head; 7. Electrical box; 11. Base; 12. Support housing; 13. Shaft support; 21. Electric heater; 22. Isolation sleeve; 23. Embedded hole; 24. Through sleeve; 25. Through hole; 26. Mounting groove; 27. Mounting component; 31. Main recovery channel; 32. Recovery ring sleeve; 33. Return chamber; 34. Circulation... 35. Circulating pipe; 36. Insulation plate; 41. Extrusion channel; 42. Conveying screw; 43. Heat exchange plate; 44. Discharge port; 45. Feed hopper; 46. Circulation channel; 51. Power housing; 52. Power component; 53. Transmission component; 54. Transfer component; 55. Synchronizer; 61. Inlet hole; 62. Output hole; 63. Extrusion hole; 551. Drive wheel; 552. Synchronous belt; 553. Adjusting component; 554. Driven wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Please see Figure 1-10 This invention provides an implementation scheme: In modern cable processing, extrusion is mainly used for each level of cable sheathing. Since the outer layer of the cable has a multi-layer structure, it is necessary to perform layered extrusion or use a multi-layer co-extrusion mechanism. However, current multi-layer cable processing requires heating and reacting each layer of material independently. This results in each layer of material requiring an independent heating method, which not only requires a large equipment footprint and complex equipment composition, but also makes control difficult. Furthermore, the heating device of each extruder needs to be controlled independently, and the heat scattered by the independent equipment will cause unnecessary energy waste.

[0051] To address the aforementioned issues, this application discloses a high-efficiency cable extruder, comprising: a support mechanism 1, multiple extrusion mechanisms 4, a power mechanism 5, a heating mechanism 2, and a waste heat recovery mechanism 3.

[0052] Heating mechanism 2 is located on support mechanism 1; multiple extrusion mechanisms 4 are spaced apart on heating mechanism 2, and heating mechanism 2 heats multiple extrusion mechanisms 4 respectively, each extrusion mechanism 4 having a feed hopper 45; power mechanism 5 is located on support mechanism 1, and power mechanism 5 is connected to multiple extrusion mechanisms 4 for driving multiple extrusion mechanisms 4; waste heat recovery mechanism 3 is connected to heating mechanism 2, and waste heat recovery mechanism 3 covers heating mechanism 2; waste heat recovery mechanism 3 is used to recover waste heat from heating mechanism 2, and waste heat recovery mechanism 3 is also connected to feed hopper 45 of extrusion mechanism 4.

[0053] The support mechanism 1 is the skeleton of the equipment. It supports multiple extrusion mechanisms 4, power mechanism 5, heating mechanism 2, and waste heat recovery mechanism 3. It also proposes a space planning mechanism. The power mechanism 5 provides power to the multiple extrusion mechanisms 4 to drive them to work. Each extrusion mechanism 4 corresponds to the extrusion processing of a single layer of cable material. The power mechanism 5 can distribute power to multiple extrusion mechanisms 4 to enable them to perform extrusion operations. The heating mechanism 2 is divided into multiple independent heating spaces, each corresponding to any one of the extrusion mechanisms 4. This structure allows the multiple extrusion mechanisms 4 to work in different temperature environments. Through the action of the multiple extrusion mechanisms 4, the extrusion control of multi-layer materials is achieved. At the same time, the multiple extrusion mechanisms 4 are arranged more closely, which improves the integration and space utilization, making the equipment layout and control more convenient.

[0054] Furthermore, the heating mechanism 2 is also connected to the waste heat recovery mechanism 3. Through the connection between the waste heat recovery mechanism 3 and the heating mechanism 2, the overflow energy can be recovered. The waste heat recovery mechanism 3 can also feed the heat back to the extrusion mechanism 4, reducing heat waste and increasing the heating rate, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, the heating mechanism 2 further includes: a plurality of electric heaters 21, a plurality of isolation sleeves 22, a plurality of embedding holes 23, and a through sleeve 24; the plurality of electric heaters 21 are embedded in the isolation sleeves 22, the plurality of isolation sleeves 22 are spaced apart on the support mechanism 1, the plurality of isolation sleeves 22 have a plurality of embedding holes 23, the plurality of extrusion mechanisms 4 are embedded in the plurality of embedding holes 23, and the through sleeve 24 is detachably connected to the plurality of isolation sleeves 22.

[0056] During implementation, multiple electric heaters 21 provide heat sources for the extrusion mechanism 4. The multiple electric heaters 21 are arranged in series on the isolation sleeves 22, and the multiple isolation sleeves 22 are placed on the support mechanism 1 in a spaced manner. Specifically, the shape of the isolation sleeves 22 can adopt a fan-shaped internal cavity structure. The multiple isolation sleeves 22 together form a cavity structure similar to a column. Multiple embedding holes 23 on the multiple isolation sleeves 22 pass through both ends of the isolation sleeves 22 along the length direction of the isolation sleeves 22, and are used to house the extrusion mechanism 4. The ring array distribution of the multiple isolation sleeves 22 can maximize the integration of the extrusion mechanism 4. Due to the increased integration, the scattering area is reduced to reduce heat loss. The through sleeves 24 connect the isolation sleeves 22 from the ends to achieve the installation function of the isolation sleeves 22, and at the same time enhance the installation and fixing effect of the multiple isolation sleeves 22.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, the through sleeve 24 is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves 26, the isolation sleeve 22 is provided with mounting members 27, and the mounting members 27 of the plurality of isolation sleeves 22 are connected to the plurality of mounting grooves 26 by a plurality of bolts; wherein, the through sleeve 24 is provided with a through hole 25, and the plurality of mounting grooves 26 are arranged in a ring array outside the through hole 25.

[0058] During implementation, the multiple mounting slots 26 on the through sleeve 24 correspond to the positions of multiple mounting parts 27. The mounting slots 26 can adopt a fan-shaped structure, and the corresponding mounting parts 27 can also be set as fan-shaped structures. Through the cooperation of the mounting slots 26 and the mounting parts 27, the isolation sleeve 22 is limited and installed. At the same time, the isolation sleeve 22 is fixed by the bolt locking connection. The through hole 25 on the isolation sleeve 22 is convenient for hoisting and also serves as the installation of the waste heat recovery mechanism 3. Furthermore, the multiple mounting slots 26 are installed around the through sleeve 24 in a ring arrangement. At the same time, the through sleeve 24 can be connected to the support mechanism 1 to fix the heating mechanism 2 and the extrusion mechanism 4 to the support mechanism 1.

[0059] It should be noted that the electric heater 21 is preferably a thermoelectric heater, which is technically mature and easy to control. A material flow detection sensor needs to be set at the discharge port 44 to detect the temperature of the molten material flow. At the same time, multiple temperature sensors can be set at intervals on the isolation sleeve 22 to detect the internal ambient temperature.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, the waste heat recovery mechanism 3 includes: a recovery main channel 31, a recovery ring 32, and a plurality of circulation pipes 34; the recovery main channel 31 is attached to the opposite side of the plurality of isolation sleeves 22, the recovery ring 32 is sleeved on the outside of the plurality of isolation sleeves 22, and the recovery ring 32 has a return cavity 33 inside, the return cavity 33 is connected to the recovery main channel 31, the plurality of isolation sleeves 22 are disposed between the recovery ring 32 and the recovery main channel 31, the plurality of circulation pipes 34 are connected to the plurality of the extrusion mechanisms 4, and the end of the isolation sleeve 22 facing away from the electric heater 21 abuts against the recovery main channel 31.

[0061] During implementation, the waste heat recovery mechanism 3 needs to use a heat exchange medium to recover heat. Specifically, the main recovery channel 31 is the main flow channel for the recovered heat fluid. The recovery ring 32 wraps around the isolation sleeve 22. The inner layer of the recovery ring 32 is coated with a heat insulation layer and a reflective layer to prevent heat from scattering to the outside and causing energy waste. For easy maintenance, the recovery ring 32 adopts a split and detachable structure. By opening a return cavity 33 on the recovery ring 32 and connecting the return cavity 33 to the main recovery channel 31, heat can be absorbed from the inner and outer sides through the recovery cavity and the main recovery channel 31, thereby improving the heat recovery efficiency. A heat insulation plate 36 is also provided on the inner side of the recovery ring 32. The heat insulation plate 36 is distributed in a ring at intervals along the axial direction of the heat exchange main channel, which serves to isolate different extrusion channels 41 and isolation sleeve 22, and avoid mutual interference between different sections of the heating mechanism 2. At the same time, the heat insulation plate 36 can be concealed by slots to connect the main recovery channel 31 and the recovery ring 32.

[0062] To drive the heat exchange medium, a circulation machine 35 is installed at the end of the return chamber 33 and the recovery main channel 31. The circulation machine 35 connects the recovery main channel 31 and the return chamber 33, pumping the heat exchange medium that recovers heat into the recovery main channel 31 and the return chamber 33. The recovery main channel 31 and the return chamber 33 absorb the excess heat scattered by the heating mechanism 2 and then circulate it into the circulation pipe 34 to discharge the heat absorbed by the heat exchange medium into the extrusion mechanism 4 to preheat the material, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the material, accelerating the fusion of the material, shortening the production time, and improving efficiency.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, the extrusion mechanism 4 includes: an extrusion channel 41, a conveying screw 42, a plurality of heat exchange plates 43, and a discharge port 44; the extrusion channel 41 passes through the embedded hole 23, the conveying screw 42 is rotatably mounted on the extrusion channel 41, the discharge port 44 is provided on the extrusion channel 41, the discharge port 44 is spaced apart from the feed hopper 45, a plurality of heat exchange plates 43 are uniformly provided on the extrusion channel 41, and the plurality of heat exchange plates 43 are located inside the isolation sleeve 22; wherein, the feed hopper 45 is provided with circulation channels 46, and the circulation channels 46 are connected to the circulation pipe 34.

[0064] During implementation, the extrusion mechanism 4 is used for extruding the multi-layer protective layer of the cable. The extrusion channel 41 serves as the main body of the extrusion process. The extrusion channel 41 should have an inner cavity. A conveying screw 42 is installed inside the extrusion channel 41. The conveying screw 42 is driven to rotate by the power mechanism 5. The conveying screw 42 cooperates with the inner cavity of the conveying channel, feeding material from the feed hopper 45 into the extrusion channel 41. Then, the material is conveyed towards the discharge port 44 by the conveying screw 42. During this process, because the extrusion channel 41 passes through the isolation sleeve 22, the material inside the extrusion channel 41 is heated by the electric heater 21. Sufficient heating is performed to melt the material within the extrusion channel 41, thereby completing the material processing of a single layer of cable. To accommodate the heating requirements of various material layers, the electric heaters 21 can be arranged in a linear array on the isolation sleeve 22. This allows the controller to control the operation of different numbers of electric heaters 21 within the isolation sleeve 22 corresponding to each extrusion channel 41 to achieve different heating effects. To improve the melting efficiency of the extrusion channel 41, a heat exchange plate 43 is provided on the extrusion channel 41. The heat exchange plate 43 cross-contacts with the heating end of the electric heater 21, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency and further increasing the heat exchange rate.

[0065] Furthermore, in order to enable the material to form a melt flow more quickly, a circulation pipe 34 is connected to the feeding hopper, which has a circulation channel 46. The circulation pipe 34 introduces the heat exchange medium that has undergone heat exchange into the feeding hopper. After the material enters the feeding hopper, it is preheated by the circulation channel 46 to increase the initial temperature, so that it can form a melt flow more quickly after entering the extrusion channel 41, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, the power mechanism 5 includes: a power housing 51, a power component 52, a transmission component 53, and a plurality of transfer components 54; the power housing 51 is disposed on the support mechanism 1, the power component 52 is installed on the power housing 51, the transmission component 53 is disposed inside the power housing 51 and connected to the power component 52, the power housing 51 is provided with a plurality of transfer components 54, the plurality of transfer components 54 are connected to the transmission component 53, and the plurality of transfer components 54 are respectively connected to a plurality of conveying screws 42; wherein, the plurality of transfer components 54 are connected to the transmission component 53 through a plurality of synchronizers 55, and the plurality of synchronizers 55 can adjust the rotational speed of the transfer components 54.

[0067] During implementation, the power housing 51 serves as the main structure of the power equipment. The transmission component 53 consists of a multi-stage transmission gear set. The power component 52 drives the transmission component 53 to achieve the function of output torque. At the same time, the transmission component 53 has multiple output ends, which are connected to multiple transfer components 54 respectively. The multiple transfer components 54 are connected to multiple conveying screws 42 respectively, providing power to the conveying screws 42 of multiple extrusion mechanisms 4. With the arrangement of the extrusion mechanism 4, the footprint of the equipment can be reduced. Furthermore, through the single power structure output and the power distribution of the transmission component 53, the power diversion function is realized, thereby improving the output efficiency.

[0068] It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the control of the transfer effect, a synchronizer 55 is also provided on the transmission component 53. The synchronizer 55 can adjust the output speed of the transfer component 54 to provide different output effects.

[0069] Specifically, the synchronizer 55 may include: a drive pulley 551, a timing belt 552, an adjusting member 553, and a driven pulley 554; wherein the drive pulley 551 is disposed at the output end of the transmission member 53, the driven pulley 554 is disposed on the transfer member 54, the drive pulley 551 and the driven pulley 554 are driven by the timing belt 552, the adjusting member 553 is slidably disposed on one axial side of the drive pulley 551 and the driven pulley 554, and the adjusting member 553 is connected to the timing belt 552.

[0070] During implementation, the adjusting component 553 is an electronically controlled sliding component. Both the driving wheel 551 and the driven wheel 554 adopt a truncated conical structure and are arranged in parallel. The small diameter end of the driving wheel 551 corresponds to the large diameter end of the driven wheel 554, and vice versa. The synchronous belt 552 is slidably located on the same radial plane of the driving wheel 551 and the driven wheel 554 through the adjusting component 553. As the adjusting component 553 drives the synchronous belt 552 to slide, the wheel diameter ratio of the driving wheel 551 and the driven wheel 554 at the same time is changed, thereby adjusting the output speed of the transmission component 53 to meet the different speed requirements of different extrusion stages.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the support mechanism 1 includes: a base 11, a support housing 12, and a pair of shaft supports 13; the support housing 12 is disposed on the base 11, and a pair of shaft supports 13 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support housing 12; the power housing 51 is disposed on the base 11; wherein, there are two through sleeves 24, the two through sleeves 24 are symmetrically connected to both ends of the length direction of the plurality of isolation sleeves 22, and two retaining sleeves are provided outside the through hole 25 of the two through sleeves 24, and the pair of shaft supports 13 are embedded in the retaining sleeves of the two through sleeves 24.

[0072] During implementation, the base 11 supports the support shell 12. The support shell 12 is set on the base 11 and serves as the support for the heating mechanism 2. Multiple isolation sleeves 22 of the heating mechanism 2 are symmetrically installed from both sides through two through sleeves 24. Then, a pair of shaft supports 13 are embedded in the through holes 25 of the two through sleeves 24 to limit and fix the two through sleeves 24. The support shell 12 has multiple brackets to support and install the recovery ring 32 to further improve the rigidity of the recovery ring 32.

[0073] In some embodiments of this application, the extruder further includes an extruder head 6, which is sequentially connected to the extrusion ends of a plurality of extrusion mechanisms 4 for forming cables.

[0074] During implementation, the extruder head 6 is the main mechanism for forming the cable sheath. This application adopts multi-layer co-extrusion technology. Therefore, the extruder head 6 has a connected inlet hole 61 and an outlet hole 62. At the same time, the inner diameter from the inlet hole 61 to the outlet hole 62 increases gradually in a gradient. Each gradient hole is provided with multiple extrusion holes 63 that are connected to the discharge ports 44 of multiple extrusion mechanisms 4, so as to extrude different layers of materials into the extruder head step by step through different extrusion holes 63, thereby realizing the multi-layer co-extrusion operation.

[0075] It should be noted that, in order to form overall control of the extruder, an electrical box 7 is set on one side of the base 11. The electrical box 7 integrates various power switches, sensors and controllers of the aforementioned power mechanism 5, waste heat recovery mechanism 3, extrusion mechanism 4 and heating mechanism 2. Furthermore, a control panel is set on the electrical box 7. Various sensor data are collected through the control panel, and various control commands are issued to the controller based on the sensor data feedback and process requirements. During the production process, it is also necessary to use supporting facilities such as cable reels, traction equipment and cooling equipment.

[0076] In summary, this high-efficiency cable extruder achieves a compact layout through integrated structural design. A support mechanism serves as the skeleton, supporting multiple extrusion mechanisms, a power mechanism, a heating mechanism, and a waste heat recovery mechanism. The heating mechanism has multiple independent heating spaces corresponding to each extrusion mechanism to meet different temperature requirements. The power mechanism drives multiple extrusion mechanisms through transmission and distribution components to achieve power distribution. The waste heat recovery mechanism covers the heating mechanisms to recover scattered heat and feeds it back to the extrusion mechanism's feed hopper for material preheating. An integrated control panel in the electrical box enables sensor data collection and command issuance. The overall modular integration reduces the equipment's footprint, waste heat recovery improves heating efficiency and material melting rate, and a single power source and synchronizer speed regulation simplify the control process. Ultimately, it achieves a compact structure, energy efficiency, and simple control.

[0077] To complement the use of the high-efficiency cable extruder disclosed in this application, this application also discloses a method for applying the extruder:

[0078] Step S100: Inspect the equipment, set the basic parameters of the heating mechanism for preheating, and check the working status of the sensor.

[0079] Step S110: Check the integrity of the support mechanism, confirm that the base, support shell and shaft support are installed firmly, and that the heat insulation layer and reflective layer are undamaged; verify that the through sleeve and isolation sleeve are firmly connected by bolts, and that the mounting groove and mounting parts are matched without looseness.

[0080] Step S120: Start the preheating program of the heating mechanism. The electric heater uses thermoelectric heating to heat the inner cavity of the isolation sleeve in sections and set the initial temperature gradient. Simultaneously start the circulation machine of the waste heat recovery mechanism to start the circulation of the heat exchange medium in the main recovery channel and the recovery ring sleeve and preheat it to the working temperature.

[0081] Step S130: Verify the communication status between the electrical control panel and each sensor, including the temperature sensor and the material flow detection sensor, to ensure that data is transmitted to the controller in real time.

[0082] Step S200: Proportion the materials according to the performance requirements, start the power mechanism and adjust the initial speed of the extrusion mechanism.

[0083] Step S210: According to the requirements of the multi-layer structure of the cable, prepare materials of different layers, such as insulation layer, shielding layer and sheath layer, and load them into the feed hopper of each extrusion mechanism respectively; connect the circulation pipe through the circulation channel to ensure that the waste heat recovery medium can flow into the feed hopper for material preheating.

[0084] Step S220: Start the power mechanism's distribution system, adjust the wheel diameter ratio of the driving wheel and the driven wheel through the synchronizer, and set the initial speed of each conveying screw. For example, the insulation layer requires low speed and high shear, while the sheath layer requires high speed and high flow to ensure that the material is uniformly conveyed to the extrusion channel.

[0085] Step S300: Add the material to the extrusion mechanism and perform multi-layer extrusion processing at the set rate.

[0086] Step S310: Start the conveying screw to rotate, and the material is conveyed in the extrusion channel; the electric heater heats the extrusion channel in sections through the embedded holes of the isolation sleeve, and the heat exchange plate crosses and abuts against the heating end to enhance the heat transfer efficiency.

[0087] Step S320: Use temperature sensors to monitor the ambient temperature inside each isolation sleeve and the temperature of the molten material at the outlet in real time. Use the controller to dynamically adjust the power of the electric heater in the corresponding area to achieve precise temperature control of different levels of materials, such as 180-200℃ for the insulation layer and 220-240℃ for the sheath layer.

[0088] Step S330: Monitor the material flow detection sensor data to ensure continuous and stable molten material flow; if flow interruption or abnormal temperature is detected, trigger an alarm and automatically adjust the heating power or conveyor screw speed.

[0089] Step S400: Use a waste heat recovery mechanism to collect and reuse the heat scattered during the extrusion process.

[0090] Step S410: Start the circulation machine of the waste heat recovery mechanism, the main channel is attached to the outer wall of the isolation sleeve to absorb the overflow heat, and the return cavity of the recovery ring wraps around the outer periphery of the isolation sleeve, and absorbs waste heat bidirectionally through the heat exchange medium.

[0091] Step S420: The heat exchange medium carries heat through the circulation pipe into the circulation channel of the feed hopper to preheat the newly added material. The preheated material raises the initial temperature to 50-80℃, reducing subsequent heating energy consumption and improving melting efficiency. The preheated heat is finally returned to the main recovery channel and reflux chamber through the circulation machine to form a closed-loop heat cycle.

[0092] Step S500: Processing of multi-layer co-extruded finished products.

[0093] Step S510: Connect the discharge ports of multiple extrusion mechanisms to the extruder head. Through the gradient hole structure of the extruder head, the inner diameter increases step by step to achieve simultaneous extrusion of multiple layers of material. The material of each layer is stacked step by step in the extrusion holes in the extruder head to form a multi-layer co-extrusion structure.

[0094] Step S520: The cable is extruded through the output hole of the die head and quickly cooled and shaped by a cooling device, such as a water cooling tank or an air cooling system, to ensure the stability of the physical properties of each layer of materials, such as no bubbles in the insulation layer and a smooth surface of the sheath layer.

[0095] Step S530: Collect finished cables and conduct quality inspections, such as thickness uniformity, insulation resistance, and tensile strength; adjust process parameters based on the inspection results, including heating temperature, conveyor screw speed, and waste heat recovery efficiency, and optimize subsequent production processes.

[0096] This method achieves efficient, energy-saving, and precise extrusion processing of multi-layer cable sheathing through highly integrated equipment design, zoned heating control, closed-loop waste heat recovery, and multi-layer co-extrusion technology. It significantly reduces equipment footprint and energy consumption, and improves production efficiency and finished product quality.

[0097] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency cable extruder, characterized in that, include: Supporting structure (1); Heating mechanism (2) is provided on the support mechanism (1); Multiple extrusion mechanisms (4) are spaced apart from the heating mechanism (2), and the heating mechanism (2) heats the multiple extrusion mechanisms (4) respectively. Each of the extrusion mechanisms (4) has a feed hopper (45). A power mechanism (5) is provided on the support mechanism (1), and the power mechanism (5) is connected to a plurality of extrusion mechanisms (4) for driving the plurality of extrusion mechanisms (4). Waste heat recovery mechanism (3), which is connected to heating mechanism (2), and the waste heat recovery mechanism (3) covers the heating mechanism (2). The waste heat recovery mechanism (3) is also connected to the feed hopper (45) of the extrusion mechanism (4). The waste heat recovery mechanism (3) is used to recover the waste heat of the heating mechanism (2) and transport the waste heat to the feed hopper (45) for preheating. Furthermore, the heating mechanism (2) is divided into multiple independent heating spaces, each of which corresponds to any extrusion mechanism (4), and the multiple extrusion mechanisms (4) can operate in different temperature environments; The heating mechanism (2) further includes: multiple electric heaters (21), multiple isolation sleeves (22), multiple embedding holes (23), and through sleeves (24); Multiple electric heaters (21) are embedded in the isolation sleeves (22), multiple isolation sleeves (22) are spaced apart on the support mechanism (1), multiple isolation sleeves (22) have multiple embedding holes (23), multiple extrusion mechanisms (4) are embedded in the multiple embedding holes (23), and the through sleeve (24) is detachably connected to the multiple isolation sleeves (22). The through sleeve (24) has multiple mounting slots (26), and the isolation sleeve (22) has mounting parts (27). The mounting parts (27) of the multiple isolation sleeves (22) are connected to the multiple mounting slots (26) by multiple bolts. The through sleeve (24) has a through hole (25), and a plurality of mounting slots (26) are arranged in a ring array outside the through hole (25); The isolation sleeve adopts a fan-shaped internal cavity structure. Multiple isolation sleeves together form a cavity structure similar to a column. Multiple embedding holes on multiple isolation sleeves penetrate through both ends of the isolation sleeve along the length of the isolation sleeve to accommodate the extrusion mechanism. The ring array distribution of multiple isolation sleeves reduces heat loss.

2. The high-efficiency cable extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery mechanism (3) includes: a main recovery channel (31), a recovery ring (32), and multiple circulation pipes (34); The main recovery channel (31) is attached to the opposite side of the plurality of isolation sleeves (22). The recovery ring sleeve (32) is sleeved on the outside of the plurality of isolation sleeves (22), and the recovery ring sleeve (32) has a reflux cavity (33). The reflux cavity (33) is connected to the main recovery channel (31). The plurality of isolation sleeves (22) are disposed between the recovery ring sleeve (32) and the main recovery channel (31), and the end of the isolation sleeve (22) away from the electric heater (21) abuts against the main recovery channel (31). The plurality of circulation pipes (34) are connected to the plurality of extrusion mechanisms (4), and the plurality of circulation pipes (34) are connected to the reflux cavity (33) and the reflux main channel.

3. The high-efficiency cable extruder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extrusion mechanism (4) includes: an extrusion channel (41), a conveying screw (42), multiple heat exchange plates (43), and a discharge port (44). The extrusion channel (41) passes through the embedded hole (23), the conveying screw (42) is rotatably mounted on the extrusion channel (41), the extrusion channel (41) is provided with a discharge port (44), the discharge port (44) is spaced apart from the feed hopper (45), and a plurality of heat exchange plates (43) are evenly arranged on the extrusion channel (41), and the plurality of heat exchange plates (43) are located inside the isolation sleeve (22); The feed hopper (45) has a circulation channel (46) distributed on it, and the circulation channel (46) is connected to the circulation pipe (34).

4. The high-efficiency cable extruder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power mechanism (5) includes: a power housing (51), a power component (52), a transmission component (53), and multiple transfer components (54); The power housing (51) is located on the support mechanism (1), the power component (52) is installed on the power housing (51), the transmission component (53) is located inside the power housing (51) and is connected to the power component (52), the power housing (51) is provided with a plurality of transfer components (54), the plurality of transfer components (54) are connected to the transmission component (53), and the plurality of transfer components (54) are respectively connected to the plurality of conveying screws (42); Among them, multiple transfer components (54) are connected to the transmission component (53) through multiple synchronizers (55), and the multiple synchronizers (55) can adjust the rotational speed of the transfer components (54).

5. The high-efficiency cable extruder according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support mechanism (1) includes: a base (11), a support shell (12), and a pair of axle supports (13); The support housing (12) is disposed on the base (11), and a pair of shaft supports (13) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support housing (12). The through sleeve (24) is detachably connected to the shaft support (13), and the power housing (51) is disposed on the base (11).

6. The high-efficiency cable extruder according to claim 5, characterized in that, There are two through sleeves (24). The two through sleeves (24) are symmetrically connected at both ends of the length direction of multiple isolation sleeves (22). Two sleeves are provided outside the through hole (25) of the two through sleeves (24). A pair of shaft supports (13) are embedded in the two sleeves of the two through sleeves (24).

7. The high-efficiency cable extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extruder also includes an extruder head (6), which is sequentially connected to the extrusion ends of a plurality of extrusion mechanisms (4) for forming cables.

8. A method for applying a cable extruder, characterized in that, The application method, implemented based on any one of claims 1-7, of a high-efficiency cable extruder includes the following steps: Inspect the equipment, set the basic parameters of the heating mechanism for preheating, and check the working status of the sensors; According to the performance requirements, the material proportions are made, the power mechanism is started, and the initial speed of the extrusion mechanism is adjusted; The material is fed into the extrusion mechanism and subjected to multi-layer extrusion processing at a set rate; Waste heat recovery mechanisms are used to collect and reuse the heat scattered during the extrusion process; Processing of multi-layer co-extrusion molded finished products.

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