A light storage energy intelligent management system and method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to photovoltaic thermal power energy management and direct current micro-grid control field, specifically to a kind of photovoltaic energy storage energy wisdom management system;Contain PVT power generation unit, liquid cooling circuit, energy storage unit, acquisition circuit and hardware controller;System is through monitoring bus voltage, PVT temperature and environmental parameter, establishes photovoltaic output increment and liquid cooling pumping power consumption, energy storage discharge loss energy efficiency game mechanism;The core is when bus voltage drops, quantitative evaluation initiative cooling input-output ratio: if the power benefit brought by cooling is greater than the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage loss, then start circulating pump and execute maximum power tracking;Conversely, then keep liquid cooling off and by energy storage discharge support voltage;The present application realizes the change from traditional electric heating independent control to intelligent game decision, while effectively supporting bus voltage, maximum limit reduces system parasitic power consumption and prolongs energy storage life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic thermal power integrated energy management and DC microgrid control technology, specifically to a photovoltaic energy storage intelligent management system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the current distributed photovoltaic-storage energy management environment, photovoltaic thermoelectric systems and energy storage units are usually controlled as independent electrical or thermal modules. For voltage fluctuations occurring during DC microgrid operation, existing technologies generally employ compensation schemes that rely solely on the discharge of energy storage devices, or trigger liquid-cooling circuits based solely on fixed temperature thresholds. Due to the significant negative correlation between photovoltaic cell power generation efficiency and junction temperature, and the additional parasitic power consumption generated by the operation of liquid-cooled circulating pumps, traditional solutions often lack a comprehensive quantitative assessment of thermoelectric linkage gains and power consumption costs when dealing with bus voltage drops. This fragmented control logic prevents the system from effectively utilizing thermodynamic intervention to proactively support electrical performance when facing heavy loads or environmental fluctuations, easily leading to excessive energy storage resource depletion or ineffective pumping energy waste. Furthermore, the inherent physical lag of thermal systems makes it difficult for conventional control algorithms to meet the millisecond-level real-time voltage stabilization requirements of DC buses.

[0003] Therefore, how to break through the limitations of independent electrothermal control and improve the timeliness of DC bus voltage support and the overall energy efficiency of the system through real-time modeling of thermoelectric coupling characteristics and energy efficiency negotiation has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a smart management system and method for photovoltaic energy storage. Specifically, the technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0005] A smart management system for photovoltaic and energy storage includes:

[0006] DC bus;

[0007] The PVT power generation unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus via the first DC / DC converter. The PVT power generation unit is thermally coupled with a liquid cooling circuit including a circulating pump.

[0008] The energy storage unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter;

[0009] Voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, used to acquire DC bus voltage, PVT generator temperature and ambient temperature;

[0010] The hardware controller is electrically connected to the first DC / DC converter, the bidirectional DC / DC converter, the circulating pump, and the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, respectively.

[0011] The hardware controller is configured to execute the following control logic:

[0012] When the collected DC bus voltage is lower than the preset steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, the increase in photovoltaic output power that can be achieved by activating the liquid cooling circuit to reduce the temperature of the PVT power generation unit to the target set value under the current illumination and temperature is calculated. And the pumping power required to maintain the operation of the liquid cooling circuit. And obtain the current discharge loss of the energy storage unit. ;

[0013] If the increase in photovoltaic output power is greater than the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, then the output drive signal is used to start the circulating pump and adjust the duty cycle of the first DC / DC converter to output maximum power.

[0014] If the increase in photovoltaic output power is less than or equal to the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, the circulating pump remains off, and a discharge command is sent to the bidirectional DC / DC converter to compensate for the bus voltage.

[0015] Preferably, the hardware controller stores a pre-calibrated impedance-temperature characteristic curve table;

[0016] The specific steps for calculating the increase in photovoltaic output power include:

[0017] The hardware controller looks up the corresponding current internal resistance value in the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table based on the currently collected PVT power generation unit temperature.

[0018] Based on the target set value, look up the corresponding target internal resistance value in the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table;

[0019] Calculate the difference between the current internal resistance value and the target internal resistance value, and calculate the theoretical increase in the output voltage of the PVT power generation unit caused by the difference under the current loop current, based on Ohm's law.

[0020] Multiply the theoretical boost value by the current loop current to obtain the photovoltaic output power increment.

[0021] Preferably, the hardware controller is also configured with anomaly detection logic:

[0022] Within a preset time window after the output drive signal starts the circulating pump, the rate of change of the PVT power generation unit temperature is continuously monitored.

[0023] If the rate of change is lower than the preset cooling efficiency threshold, or if the temperature of the PVT power generation unit does not show a downward trend, the liquid cooling circuit is judged to be faulty.

[0024] The hardware controller immediately cuts off the drive signal of the circulating pump, forces a switch to the mode of sending a discharge command to the bidirectional DC / DC converter, and generates a hardware fault alarm code.

[0025] Preferably, it also includes a vehicle-to-grid interface for connecting external electric vehicle loads;

[0026] The hardware controller is configured with load surge response logic:

[0027] Real-time monitoring of the rate of change of current through the vehicle-to-grid interface;

[0028] When the rate of change of current exceeds the preset impact threshold and causes the DC bus voltage to drop, the hardware controller ignores the comparison between the photovoltaic output power increment and the pumping power consumption, directly forces the circulation pump to start at its maximum speed, and simultaneously controls the first DC / DC converter to enter constant voltage output mode until the DC bus voltage recovers to above the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold.

[0029] Preferably, the calculation logic for pumping power consumption is as follows:

[0030] The hardware controller acquires the speed-power characteristic data of the circulating pump;

[0031] Based on the target mass flow rate of the cooling medium required to reduce the temperature of the PVT power generation unit to the target set value. The target rotational speed of the circulating pump is obtained by mapping.

[0032] Based on the target speed and speed-power characteristic data, the corresponding real-time power consumption value is read as the pumping power consumption.

[0033] Preferably, the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit includes:

[0034] A Hall voltage sensor is connected across the positive and negative terminals of a DC bus to generate an analog voltage signal.

[0035] An analog-to-digital converter, connected to a Hall voltage sensor, is used to convert analog voltage signals into digital voltage values ​​and send them to the hardware controller.

[0036] A surface-mount thermistor is physically attached to the backplane of the PVT power generation unit to sense the temperature of the PVT power generation unit.

[0037] Preferably, the logic executed by the hardware controller further includes:

[0038] When the collected DC bus voltage is higher than or equal to the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, the hardware controller enters standby monitoring state, reads the data of the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit only at the preset low frequency sampling frequency, keeps the circulating pump in a stopped state, and does not execute the calculation steps of photovoltaic output power increment, so as to reduce the power consumption of the controller itself.

[0039] Preferably, the duty cycle adjustment step of the first DC / DC converter is as follows:

[0040] The hardware controller calculates the baseline duty cycle using a maximum power point tracking algorithm;

[0041] While starting the circulating pump, the reference duty cycle is fed forward to compensate based on the target internal resistance value, and a corrected drive pulse signal is generated and sent to the gate of the switching transistor of the first DC / DC converter.

[0042] A smart management method for photovoltaic energy storage, executed by a hardware controller, includes the following steps:

[0043] S100: Real-time acquisition of DC bus voltage, PVT generator temperature and ambient temperature through voltage and temperature acquisition circuit;

[0044] S200: Compares the DC bus voltage value with the preset steady-state voltage lower limit threshold;

[0045] S300: If the DC bus voltage is lower than the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, perform energy efficiency optimization calculation: The hardware controller retrieves the preset impedance-temperature characteristic curve table from its built-in storage unit, and calculates the estimated photovoltaic output power increment generated by starting the liquid cooling circuit based on the current PVT power generation unit temperature value and the preset impedance-temperature characteristic data, and calculates the pumping power consumption required to maintain the operation of the liquid cooling circuit.

[0046] S400: Execute shunt control strategy: If the estimated increase in photovoltaic output power is greater than the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, a first control command is generated to drive the circulation pump to start and adjust the first DC / DC converter to output maximum power; if the estimated increase in photovoltaic output power is less than or equal to the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, a second control command is generated to keep the circulation pump off and control the bidirectional DC / DC converter to perform discharge operation to compensate for voltage.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. This invention breaks through the limitations of independent electrical and thermal control in traditional photovoltaic-storage systems by establishing an energy efficiency game mechanism between photovoltaic output increment, liquid cooling pump power consumption, and energy storage discharge loss. When the bus voltage drops, the system can intelligently quantify the input-output ratio of thermal intervention and only activate active cooling when the benefit exceeds the cost. This not only effectively utilizes the temperature characteristics of photovoltaic cells to provide voltage support, but also avoids the parasitic power consumption waste caused by blindly activating liquid cooling, thus maximizing the service life of energy storage components.

[0049] 2. For high-power load switching scenarios such as vehicle-to-grid interaction, this invention designs a special load impact response logic; by monitoring the rate of change of current, the system can bypass conventional energy efficiency comparison and directly use the maximum cooling capacity of the thermal system as a physical voltage damper; this forced intervention method provides the electrical control system with a valuable voltage stabilization time window, and together with transient power compensation, effectively suppresses the oscillation of the bus voltage when facing sudden loads, ensuring the reliability of microgrid operation;

[0050] 3. By introducing a pre-calibrated impedance-temperature characteristic curve table and a feedforward compensation mechanism, this invention transforms the complex electrochemical and thermodynamic coupling modeling into low-cost table lookup and algebraic operations; the control system can adjust the converter's duty cycle in advance based on internal resistance prediction before the actual temperature drop, eliminating the impact of the second-level delay of the thermodynamic system on electrical control; this allows thermal intervention to participate in the real-time voltage stabilization process of the DC bus, meeting the millisecond-level response speed requirements of power electronic equipment;

[0051] 4. This invention incorporates closed-loop feedback logic for the liquid cooling circuit, which monitors the rate of temperature change to identify abnormal operating conditions such as idling and blockage of the circulating pump in real time, and automatically switches to a safe mode in case of a fault to prevent unnecessary work. At the same time, the system adaptively adjusts the sampling frequency and calculation intensity according to the bus voltage status, and enters a low-frequency standby state when the power grid is stable. This hardware and software collaborative design not only improves the overall robustness of the system, but also takes into account the energy-saving requirements of the controller itself. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0053] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0056] Example 1:

[0057] Please see Figure 1 A smart management system for photovoltaic energy storage includes:

[0058] DC bus;

[0059] The PVT power generation unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus via the first DC / DC converter. The PVT power generation unit is thermally coupled with a liquid cooling circuit including a circulating pump.

[0060] The energy storage unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter;

[0061] Voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, used to acquire DC bus voltage, PVT generator temperature and ambient temperature;

[0062] The hardware controller is electrically connected to the first DC / DC converter, the bidirectional DC / DC converter, the circulating pump, and the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, respectively.

[0063] The hardware controller is configured to execute the following control logic:

[0064] When the collected DC bus voltage is lower than the preset steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, the increase in photovoltaic output power that can be achieved by activating the liquid cooling circuit to reduce the temperature of the PVT power generation unit to the target set value under the current illumination and temperature is calculated. And the pumping power required to maintain the operation of the liquid cooling circuit. And obtain the current discharge loss of the energy storage unit. ;

[0065] If the increase in photovoltaic output power is greater than the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, then the output drive signal is used to start the circulating pump and adjust the duty cycle of the first DC / DC converter to output maximum power.

[0066] If the increase in photovoltaic output power is less than or equal to the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, the circulating pump remains off, and a discharge command is sent to the bidirectional DC / DC converter to compensate for the bus voltage.

[0067] This embodiment provides a smart management system for photovoltaic energy storage; the system aims to solve the problem of the disconnect between electrical control and thermodynamic control in existing photovoltaic thermoelectric systems (PVT), especially the technical problem that DC microgrids cannot effectively utilize thermoelectric coupling characteristics for active support when facing voltage drops;

[0068] In this embodiment, the system mainly includes a DC bus, a PVT power generation unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage and temperature acquisition circuit, and a core hardware controller.

[0069] The DC bus serves as the energy exchange hub of the system, connecting various source, load, and storage devices. The PVT power generation unit is a component integrating photovoltaic power generation and heat collection, connected in parallel to the DC bus via a first DC / DC converter. To actively control the temperature of the PVT power generation unit, this embodiment includes a liquid-cooled circuit with a circulating pump thermally coupled to the backplane of the PVT power generation unit. The liquid-cooled circuit refers to a closed or open fluid circulation system, whose function is to actively adjust the junction temperature of the PVT photovoltaic cells by changing the flow rate of the cooling medium, thereby altering the internal resistance characteristics of the photovoltaic cells. The energy storage unit is connected in parallel to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter, responsible for processing energy during system energy surpluses and deficits.

[0070] The hardware controller is the core decision-making unit of this system. It establishes electrical connections with the first DC / DC converter, the bidirectional DC / DC converter, the circulating pump, and the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit to realize data acquisition and command issuance.

[0071] The hardware controller is configured to execute an innovative control logic based on an energy efficiency game:

[0072] The controller monitors the DC bus status in real time through the acquisition circuit. When the acquired DC bus voltage is lower than the preset steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, it indicates that the system is in a voltage drop state due to heavy load or insufficient light. At this time, the controller does not immediately rely on the energy storage unit to discharge as in the traditional solution, but instead starts thermoelectric linkage optimization calculation.

[0073] The controller calculates the increase in photovoltaic output power that could be achieved by activating the liquid cooling circuit to reduce the temperature of the PVT power generation unit to a target set value under the current illumination and temperature conditions, based on the negative temperature coefficient characteristic of photovoltaic cells. Simultaneously, the controller also calculates the pumping power required by the circulating pump to maintain the cooling process. ;

[0074] Among them, the target set value It can be achieved through preset fixed empirical values ​​or based on the current ambient temperature. The optimal junction temperature for photovoltaic cell efficiency is determined through real-time dynamic calculation; specifically, in this embodiment... Defined based on current irradiance The theoretical junction temperature at which the photovoltaic cell's energy conversion efficiency reaches its local maximum value;

[0075] Among them, the discharge loss of the energy storage unit The calculation logic is as follows: obtain the real-time conversion efficiency of the bidirectional DC / DC converter. and the current equivalent internal resistance of energy storage batteries Through the formula:

[0076]

[0077] The calculation yielded the result; among which, The total real-time discharge loss of the energy storage unit via the bidirectional DC / DC converter; This is the battery terminal current. This refers to the real-time output power of the bidirectional DC / DC converter.

[0078] The controller performs critical energy efficiency comparison judgments:

[0079] If the calculated increase in photovoltaic output power is greater than the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, and the game theory inequality applies:

[0080]

[0081] This indicates that the system is currently in a state of positive power gain; this means that by consuming a small amount of pumping power... In exchange for a significant increase in power output on the photovoltaic side In terms of instantaneous power, there is a benefit; therefore, the hardware controller outputs a drive signal to start the circulation pump, which actively reduces the internal resistance of the photovoltaic by lowering the temperature, while adjusting the duty cycle of the first DC / DC converter to track the new maximum power point.

[0082] Conversely, if the calculation result shows This indicates that opening the liquid cooling circuit at this time would be counterproductive in terms of energy efficiency. The controller then keeps the circulation pump off and instead sends a discharge command to the bidirectional DC / DC converter to use battery energy to compensate for the bus voltage.

[0083] Through the above control logic, this system breaks through the limitations of traditional constant temperature control or independent electric heating control, and creatively transforms thermal energy management into a virtual power gain means. When the bus voltage drops, the system can intelligently determine whether to exchange voltage support through active cooling, thereby maximizing the overall energy efficiency of the system while ensuring the stability of the bus voltage and avoiding ineffective pumping power consumption waste.

[0084] Example 2:

[0085] The hardware controller stores a pre-calibrated impedance-temperature characteristic curve table.

[0086] The specific steps for calculating the increase in photovoltaic output power include:

[0087] The hardware controller looks up the corresponding current internal resistance value in the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table based on the currently collected PVT power generation unit temperature.

[0088] Based on the target set value, look up the corresponding target internal resistance value in the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table;

[0089] Calculate the difference between the current internal resistance value and the target internal resistance value, and calculate the theoretical increase in the output voltage of the PVT power generation unit caused by the difference under the current loop current, based on Ohm's law.

[0090] Multiply the theoretical boost value by the current loop current to obtain the photovoltaic output power increment.

[0091] This embodiment provides a specific mathematical model and engineering implementation of the photovoltaic output power increment calculation method in Embodiment 1. In order to achieve millisecond-level fast decision-making and avoid solving complex real-time thermodynamic differential equations, this embodiment adopts a lookup table mapping method.

[0092] In this embodiment, the hardware controller pre-stores an impedance-temperature characteristic curve table obtained through calibration experiments; the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table refers to the equivalent series internal resistance of the PVT power generation unit under different light intensities. With panel temperature A data table showing the nonlinear mapping relationship between the parameters; this data comes from environmental chamber test data before the product leaves the factory; the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table can be represented as a piecewise linear function or an exponential fitting model in actual engineering, for example:

[0093]

[0094] in, Reference temperature The internal resistance below, This is the temperature coefficient of internal resistance, and its unit is . ;

[0095] The specific steps for calculating the increase in photovoltaic output power are as follows:

[0096] Anchored to the current state; the hardware controller relies on the real-time temperature of the PVT power generation unit collected by sensors. Look up the corresponding current internal resistance value in the above curve table. Based on the preset target setting value Calculate the difference between the two internal resistance values Based on Ohm's law, in the current loop current Under the assumption that the instantaneous voltage remains constant, the theoretical increase in output voltage of the PVT generator unit due to the decrease in internal resistance is... The calculation formula is as follows: (Using the formula...) Calculate the voltage compensation caused by the decrease in internal resistance;

[0097] in, The real-time current value flowing through the input side of the first DC / DC converter, acquired by a current sensor;

[0098] The change in internal resistance obtained from the table comes from the difference calculation in the above steps;

[0099] Ultimately, the increase in photovoltaic output power is obtained. ;

[0100] This formula characterizes the additional power potential released due to the decrease in temperature and internal resistance;

[0101] By introducing the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table and the above calculation model, the complex electrochemical and thermodynamic coupling problem is simplified into a table lookup and algebraic operation with extremely low computational cost. This enables the embedded controller to complete the quantitative evaluation of the thermal intervention effect in microseconds, solving the technical bottleneck of traditional thermal system response lag that prevents it from participating in real-time electrical control.

[0102] Example 3:

[0103] The hardware controller is also equipped with anomaly detection logic:

[0104] Within a preset time window after the output drive signal starts the circulating pump, the rate of change of the PVT power generation unit temperature is continuously monitored.

[0105] If the rate of change is lower than the preset cooling efficiency threshold, or if the temperature of the PVT power generation unit does not show a downward trend, the liquid cooling circuit is judged to be faulty.

[0106] The hardware controller immediately cuts off the drive signal of the circulating pump, forces a switch to the mode of sending a discharge command to the bidirectional DC / DC converter, and generates a hardware fault alarm code.

[0107] This embodiment further enhances the reliability of the system by introducing anomaly monitoring logic for the liquid cooling circuit;

[0108] In actual operation, the circulating pump may experience malfunctions such as dry running, pipe blockage, or coolant leakage. If the system issues a cooling command but the temperature does not drop, it will not only fail to provide voltage support but also waste pumping energy. Therefore, in this embodiment, the hardware controller is configured to continuously monitor the rate of change of the PVT power generation unit temperature within a preset time window after the circulating pump is started by the output drive signal. ;

[0109] The cooling efficiency threshold is a preset negative parameter used to characterize the minimum cooling rate under normal cooling conditions; this threshold The formula for obtaining it is:

[0110]

[0111] in, The required heat power to be removed is calculated for this example. For the specific heat capacity of the panel, For panel quality; the controller will monitor the rate of change in real time. and If the cooling rate remains lower than the theoretical value after executing the cooling command, the comparison will be made. If this occurs, the fault logic will be triggered; here, 50% is the preferred percentage threshold. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can adjust it within the range of 30% to 70% based on the system's thermal inertia and the rated flow rate of the circulating pump.

[0112] If the monitored rate of change is lower than the threshold, or if the temperature does not show a downward trend at all, the controller determines that the liquid cooling circuit is faulty.

[0113] Once a fault is detected, the hardware controller immediately performs fail-safe operations: cuts off the drive signal of the circulating pump to prevent the pump body from overheating and being damaged, forces a switch to the control strategy, sends a discharge command to the bidirectional DC / DC converter to take over the voltage support task, and generates a hardware fault alarm code for maintenance personnel to troubleshoot.

[0114] A closed-loop feedback mechanism for the thermal system was constructed, which effectively prevented the risk of ineffective work and bus voltage instability caused by thermal system failures, and significantly improved the robustness and safety of the system.

[0115] Example 4:

[0116] It also includes a vehicle-to-grid interface for connecting external electric vehicle loads;

[0117] The hardware controller is configured with load surge response logic:

[0118] Real-time monitoring of the rate of change of current through the vehicle-to-grid interface;

[0119] When the rate of change of current exceeds the preset impact threshold and causes the DC bus voltage to drop, the hardware controller ignores the comparison between the photovoltaic output power increment and the pumping power consumption, directly forces the circulation pump to start at its maximum speed, and simultaneously controls the first DC / DC converter to enter constant voltage output mode until the DC bus voltage recovers to above the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold.

[0120] This embodiment is designed with a dedicated load impact response logic for the typical high-power impact scenario of vehicle-to-grid interaction.

[0121] The system is equipped with a vehicle-to-grid interface for connecting to external electric vehicles. When an electric vehicle connects for fast charging or reverse discharge, it generates significant power fluctuations. Simultaneously, the hardware controller monitors the rate of current change through this interface in real time. ;

[0122] The impact threshold is a preset current change rate limit used to identify whether a sudden load switching occurs. When the current change rate is detected to exceed the threshold and cause a drop in DC bus voltage, the controller will enter emergency support mode. In this mode, the controller ignores the comparison results of photovoltaic output power increment and pumping power consumption in Example 1. In other words, at this time, whether it is cost-effective or not is no longer considered, but stability is given priority.

[0123] The controller directly forces the circulating pump to its maximum speed, utilizing the maximum fluid velocity to rapidly remove heat and reduce the PVT's internal resistance as quickly as possible. Simultaneously, it controls the first DC / DC converter to enter constant voltage output mode, leveraging the increased current output capability after the internal resistance reduction to forcibly clamp the bus voltage. To overcome the physical delay in cooling the thermal system, the hardware controller simultaneously sends a transient current injection command to the bidirectional DC / DC converter at the same time as the circulating pump is forcibly started, injecting power... Must meet:

[0124]

[0125] in, The preset thermal inertia time constant of the thermodynamic system is used to characterize the physical lag time of temperature change caused by liquid cooling loop regulation; The current surge detected by the vehicle-to-grid interface; This represents the photovoltaic output power currently being collected in real time. The initial power recorded at the start of the instantaneous recording; The DC bus voltage is collected in real time by the hardware controller;

[0126] The time difference caused by thermal inertia is eliminated by replacing the prediction model with the difference of real-time power sampling values. Offset;

[0127] Until it recovers to above the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold;

[0128] It solves the problem of lag in response of conventional PID control when facing high-power pulse loads; by bypassing the conventional energy efficiency optimization logic, it uses the maximum cooling capacity of the thermal system as a physical voltage damper, which provides the electrical control system with a valuable voltage stabilization time window and effectively suppresses bus voltage oscillation in V2G scenarios.

[0129] Example 5:

[0130] The calculation logic for pumping power consumption is as follows:

[0131] The hardware controller acquires the speed-power characteristic data of the circulating pump;

[0132] Based on the target mass flow rate of the cooling medium required to reduce the temperature of the PVT power generation unit to the target set value. The target rotational speed of the circulating pump is obtained by mapping.

[0133] Based on the target speed and speed-power characteristic data, the corresponding real-time power consumption value is read as the pumping power consumption.

[0134] This embodiment details the process described in Embodiment 1. The precise calculation logic;

[0135] To accurately assess the energy efficiency cost, the hardware controller stores a flow resistance-power consumption characteristic model of the circulating pump; this model is calibrated based on fluid dynamics principles and establishes a mapping relationship between cooling medium flow rate, pump speed and electrical power.

[0136] During the calculation process, the controller, based on the current irradiance and ambient temperature, calculates the parameters required to maintain the PVT power generation unit at the target setpoint. Required heat power to be removed; Required heat power to be removed The calculation formula is:

[0137]

[0138] in, The heat absorption rate of the panel; The ambient temperature; Light intensity collected by the radiation sensor, in units of: ; The area of ​​the PVT power generation unit, in units of: ; The combined heat dissipation coefficient of the panel and its environment, with a typical value range of [value missing]. The maintenance was calculated using this model. The net heat required to be discharged provides a known quantity for the reverse derivation of the subsequent flow rate qm;

[0139] Reverse derivation using fluid thermodynamics formulas:

[0140]

[0141] in, For the required heat exchange rate;

[0142] This refers to the specific isobaric heat capacity of the cooling medium.

[0143] This represents the temperature difference between the current panel temperature and the inlet temperature of the cooling medium; here... ,in, The inlet temperature of the coolant is collected in real time by the inlet water temperature sensor to ensure the physical accuracy of the heat exchange calculation. The target mass flow rate of the cooling medium is to be determined.

[0144] The controller calculates the target mass flow rate using the above formula. Then, based on the pump characteristic curve of the circulating pump, the target speed that meets the flow rate requirement is mapped to obtain;

[0145]

[0146] in, This is the rated speed of the circulating pump. Its rated flow rate; if the obtained Exceeding the pump's maximum speed limit Then let ;in, The maximum operating speed limit value preset for the circulating pump;

[0147] Read the real-time power consumption value corresponding to the speed from the speed-power characteristic data table, define it as pumping power consumption, and substitute it into the main control logic for energy efficiency comparison.

[0148] Example 6:

[0149] The voltage and temperature acquisition circuit includes:

[0150] A Hall voltage sensor is connected across the positive and negative terminals of a DC bus to generate an analog voltage signal.

[0151] An analog-to-digital converter, connected to a Hall voltage sensor, is used to convert analog voltage signals into digital voltage values ​​and send them to the hardware controller.

[0152] A surface-mount thermistor is physically attached to the backplane of the PVT power generation unit to sense the temperature of the PVT power generation unit.

[0153] In addition, the acquisition circuit is equipped with an inlet water temperature sensor located at the outlet of the liquid cooling loop circulation pump, which is used to feed back the initial temperature of the cooling medium to the controller, thereby supporting energy efficiency calculation.

[0154] An inlet water temperature sensor, installed in the inlet pipe of the liquid cooling circuit, is used to acquire the real-time temperature value of the cooling medium entering the PVT power generation unit. ;

[0155] This embodiment describes the specific hardware implementation of the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit;

[0156] For voltage acquisition, this embodiment uses a Hall voltage sensor connected between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. The Hall sensor converts the high-voltage bus voltage into a low-voltage analog signal through magneto-electric isolation, which is then input to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC converts the analog signal into a digital voltage value and sends it to the hardware controller. This method ensures strong and weak current isolation and improves the system's anti-interference capability.

[0157] For temperature acquisition, this embodiment uses a surface-mount thermistor, which is physically attached to a specific temperature measurement point on the backplate of the PVT power generation unit; this sensor is used to sense the temperature of the PVT power generation unit in real time and convert the resistance change into a voltage signal for the controller to read.

[0158] It provides a low-cost and high-precision sensing layer hardware solution, especially the application of surface-mount thermistors, which can closely follow the junction temperature changes of photovoltaic cells, providing an accurate data foundation for the aforementioned thermoelectric linkage control.

[0159] Example 7:

[0160] The logic executed by the hardware controller also includes:

[0161] When the collected DC bus voltage is higher than or equal to the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, the hardware controller enters standby monitoring state, reads the data of the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit only at the preset low frequency sampling frequency, keeps the circulating pump in a stopped state, and does not execute the calculation steps of photovoltaic output power increment, so as to reduce the power consumption of the controller itself.

[0162] This embodiment supplements the standby monitoring logic of the system under normal voltage conditions;

[0163] When the collected DC bus voltage is higher than or equal to the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, it indicates that the system energy supply and demand are balanced and no additional voltage support is required. At this time, the hardware controller enters the standby monitoring state. In this state, the controller adaptively adjusts the sampling strategy according to the DC bus voltage status, reduces the sampling frequency to the preset low-frequency sampling frequency, keeps the circulating pump in the stopped state, and does not perform complex power increment calculation steps.

[0164] This on-demand computing strategy minimizes the power consumption of the controller itself and the standby power consumption of peripheral actuators, aligning with the design philosophy of green energy conservation.

[0165] Example 8:

[0166] The specific steps for adjusting the duty cycle of the first DC / DC converter are as follows:

[0167] The hardware controller calculates the baseline duty cycle using a maximum power point tracking algorithm;

[0168] While starting the circulating pump, the reference duty cycle is fed forward to compensate based on the target internal resistance value, and a corrected drive pulse signal is generated and sent to the gate of the switching transistor of the first DC / DC converter.

[0169] This embodiment further refines the control strategy of the first DC / DC converter by introducing a feedforward compensation mechanism;

[0170] At the moment the circulating pump is started for cooling, the characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cell will shift. If the traditional MPPT algorithm is relied upon to slowly track the new maximum power point, it may cause a response delay. Therefore, in this embodiment, the hardware controller directly calculates the corresponding theoretical optimal duty cycle correction amount using the target internal resistance value obtained from the aforementioned table lookup when starting the circulating pump.

[0171] The controller calculates the baseline duty cycle based on the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. Simultaneously calculate the feedforward compensation amount. :

[0172] Calculate feedforward compensation :

[0173]

[0174] in, This is the real-time input voltage of the first DC / DC converter; the corrected drive pulse duty cycle is... ;

[0175] This linear compensation operator enables the converter to adjust the impedance matching point in advance based on the internal resistance prediction before the temperature has completely dropped to the target value, thus eliminating the impact of the second-level delay of the thermal system on the electrical control.

[0176] By using feedforward control, the impact of temperature changes on electrical characteristics is predicted in advance, enabling the DC / DC converter to adjust its operating point before the actual temperature drop. This greatly improves the system's dynamic response speed to thermal disturbances and achieves seamless integration of electrothermal control.

[0177] Example 9:

[0178] Please see Figure 2 A smart management method for photovoltaic energy storage, executed by a hardware controller, includes the following steps:

[0179] S100: Real-time acquisition of DC bus voltage, PVT generator temperature and ambient temperature through voltage and temperature acquisition circuit;

[0180] S200: Compares the DC bus voltage value with the preset steady-state voltage lower limit threshold;

[0181] S300: If the DC bus voltage is lower than the steady-state voltage lower limit threshold, perform energy efficiency optimization calculation: The hardware controller retrieves the preset impedance-temperature characteristic curve table from its built-in storage unit, and calculates the estimated photovoltaic output power increment generated by starting the liquid cooling circuit based on the current PVT power generation unit temperature value and the preset impedance-temperature characteristic data, and calculates the pumping power consumption required to maintain the operation of the liquid cooling circuit.

[0182] S400: Execute shunt control strategy: If the estimated increase in photovoltaic output power is greater than the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, a first control command is generated to drive the circulation pump to start and adjust the first DC / DC converter to output maximum power; if the estimated increase in photovoltaic output power is less than or equal to the sum of pumping power consumption and energy storage unit discharge loss, a second control command is generated to keep the circulation pump off and control the bidirectional DC / DC converter to perform discharge operation to compensate for voltage.

[0183] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic-storage-thermal-power linkage management method based on the above system; the method is executed by a hardware controller, and its core process includes the following steps:

[0184] S100: Status sensing; real-time acquisition of DC bus voltage, PVT generator temperature and ambient temperature through voltage and temperature acquisition circuits;

[0185] S200: Trigger judgment; compare the DC bus voltage value with the preset steady-state voltage lower limit threshold; this is the trigger condition for starting thermoelectric linkage;

[0186] S300: Energy efficiency optimization; if the voltage is too low, it enters the core calculation stage: based on the current temperature and impedance-temperature characteristic data, it calculates the estimated photovoltaic output power increment generated by starting the liquid cooling circuit, and calculates the pumping power consumption required to maintain the operation of the liquid cooling circuit; this step quantifies the exchange value of heat and electricity.

[0187] S400: Executes a split-feed operation; makes decisions based on calculation results: if the revenue covers the cost, generates a first control command to start the circulation pump and maximize photovoltaic output; if the revenue is insufficient, generates a second control command to shut down the circulation pump and switch to battery discharge.

[0188] By standardizing the S100 to S400 processes, the complex physical field coupling control is solidified into an executable software algorithm, ensuring that the system can automatically select the optimal voltage regulation strategy under various operating conditions, and realizing intelligent collaborative management of thermal and electrical energy.

[0189] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for intelligent management of optical storage energy sources, characterized in that, The application relates to a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) power generation system, comprising: a direct current bus; a PVT power generation unit connected to the direct current bus in parallel via a first DC / DC converter, the PVT power generation unit being thermally coupled to a liquid cooling circuit comprising a circulating pump; a storage unit connected to the direct current bus in parallel via a bidirectional DC / DC converter; a voltage and temperature acquisition circuit configured to acquire a direct current bus voltage, a PVT power generation unit temperature and an ambient temperature; a hardware controller electrically connected to the first DC / DC converter, the bidirectional DC / DC converter, the circulating pump and the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit; the hardware controller is configured to execute the following control logic: When the collected direct current bus voltage is lower than the preset steady state voltage lower threshold, the increment of photovoltaic output power brought by starting the liquid cooling loop to reduce the PVT power generation unit temperature to the target set value under the current illumination and temperature is calculated , and the pumping power consumption required to maintain the operation of the liquid cooling loop ; and the current discharge loss of the energy storage unit is obtained ; if a photovoltaic output power increment is greater than the sum of a pumping power consumption and a storage unit discharge loss, an output driving signal is used to start the circulating pump and adjust a duty cycle of the first DC / DC converter to output maximum power; if the photovoltaic output power increment is less than or equal to the sum of the pumping power consumption and the storage unit discharge loss, the circulating pump is kept off, and a discharge instruction is sent to the bidirectional DC / DC converter to compensate for the bus voltage.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, a pre-calibrated impedance-temperature characteristic curve table is stored in the hardware controller; the step of calculating the photovoltaic output power increment specifically comprises: the hardware controller acquires a current internal resistance value corresponding to the PVT power generation unit temperature in the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table; a target internal resistance value corresponding to a target setting value is acquired in the impedance-temperature characteristic curve table; a difference between the current internal resistance value and the target internal resistance value is calculated, and a theoretical improvement value of a PVT power generation unit output terminal voltage caused by the difference under a current loop current is calculated according to Ohm's law; the theoretical improvement value is multiplied by the current loop current to obtain the photovoltaic output power increment.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a plurality of sensors configured to monitor the energy storage device and the energy source. the hardware controller is further configured with an abnormality monitoring logic: within a preset time window after the output driving signal starts the circulating pump, a change rate of the PVT power generation unit temperature is continuously monitored; if the change rate is lower than a preset cooling efficiency threshold value or the PVT power generation unit temperature does not show a downward trend, it is determined that the liquid cooling circuit is faulty; the hardware controller immediately cuts off the driving signal of the circulating pump, forcibly switches to the mode of sending the discharge instruction to the bidirectional DC / DC converter, and generates a hardware fault alarm code.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a power management system. a vehicle-network interaction interface is further included for connecting an external electric vehicle load; the hardware controller is configured with a load impact response logic: a current change rate through the vehicle-network interaction interface is monitored in real time; when the current change rate exceeds a preset impact threshold value and causes a direct current bus voltage drop, the hardware controller ignores the comparison result of the photovoltaic output power increment and the pumping power consumption, directly forcibly starts the circulating pump to a maximum speed, and controls the first DC / DC converter to enter a constant voltage output mode until the direct current bus voltage recovers to above a lower threshold value of a steady-state voltage.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, a calculation logic of the pumping power consumption is as follows: the hardware controller acquires rotating speed-power characteristic data of the circulating pump; According to the target mass flow of the cooling medium required to reduce the temperature of the PVT power generation unit to the target set value , the target rotating speed of the circulating pump is mapped. based on a target rotating speed and the rotating speed-power characteristic data, a corresponding real-time power consumption value is read as the pumping power consumption.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein, the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit comprises: a Hall voltage sensor connected across positive and negative electrodes of the direct current bus and configured to generate an analog voltage signal. An analog-to-digital converter connected with the Hall voltage sensor, for converting the analog voltage signal into a digital voltage value and sending it to the hardware controller; A patch-type thermistor physically attached to the back plate of the PVT power generation unit, for sensing the temperature of the PVT power generation unit.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a plurality of sensors configured to monitor the energy storage device and the energy source. The logic executed by the hardware controller further includes: When the collected DC bus voltage is higher than or equal to the lower threshold of the steady-state voltage, the hardware controller enters the standby monitoring state, only reads the data of the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit at a preset low-frequency sampling frequency, keeps the circulating pump in the shutdown state, and does not perform the calculation step of the photovoltaic output power increment, to reduce the power consumption of the controller itself. 8.The intelligent management system of optical energy storage according to claim 1, wherein, The duty cycle adjustment step of the first DC / DC converter is specifically: The hardware controller calculates the reference duty cycle through the maximum power point tracking algorithm; At the same time of starting the circulating pump, the reference duty cycle is fed forward compensated based on the target resistance value, to generate a corrected driving pulse signal sent to the gate electrode of the switching tube of the first DC / DC converter. 9.A method for intelligent management of optical storage energy, based on the system for intelligent management of optical storage energy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Executed by the hardware controller, including the following steps: S100: Real-time acquisition of the DC bus voltage value, PVT power generation unit temperature value and environmental temperature value through the voltage and temperature acquisition circuit; S200: Comparison of the DC bus voltage value with the preset lower threshold of the steady-state voltage; S300: If the DC bus voltage value is lower than the lower threshold of the steady-state voltage, perform energy efficiency optimization calculation: the hardware controller retrieves the preset impedance-temperature characteristic curve table from its built-in storage unit, and based on the current PVT power generation unit temperature value and the preset impedance-temperature characteristic data, calculates the estimated photovoltaic output power increment generated by starting the liquid cooling circuit, and calculates the pumping power consumption required to maintain the operation of the liquid cooling circuit; S400: Perform shunt control strategy: if the estimated photovoltaic output power increment is greater than the sum of the pumping power consumption and the discharge loss of the energy storage unit, generate a first control instruction to drive the circulating pump to start and adjust the first DC / DC converter to output maximum power; if the estimated photovoltaic output power increment is less than or equal to the sum of the pumping power consumption and the discharge loss of the energy storage unit, generate a second control instruction to keep the circulating pump in the closed state, and control the bidirectional DC / DC converter to perform discharge operation to compensate the voltage.

Images