Fungicidal composition

Abstract

Disclosed is a fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), where components (A) and (B) are as defined in claim 1, and the use of these compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably fungi.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to novel antifungal compositions for treating plant pathogenic diseases, particularly plant pathogenic fungi, on useful plants, and to methods for controlling such diseases and / or fungi on useful plants.

[0002] Although many fungicidal compounds and compositions belonging to various chemical classes have been developed or are being developed for use as fungicides in beneficial plant crops, crop tolerance and activity against specific plant pathogens do not always meet the needs of agricultural practice in many respects. Therefore, there is a persistent need to discover new compounds and compositions with superior biological properties for the control or prevention of plant infection by plant pathogens. For example, compounds with greater biological activity, favorable activity spectra, increased safety, improved physicochemical properties, or increased biodegradability. Or, alternatively, compositions with broader activity spectra, improved crop tolerance, improved synergistic interactions or enhancing properties, or compositions exhibiting faster onset of action or longer residual activity, or compositions that reduce the number of applications and / or application rate required for effective control of plant pathogens, thereby enabling beneficial tolerance management practices, reducing environmental impact, and reducing operator exposure.

[0003] Some of these needs can be addressed by using compositions containing mixtures of different fungicidal compounds with different modes of action (e.g., by combining fungicides with different activity spectra).

[0004] Certain pyrazolyl-formamide derivatives are known to possess bioactivity against plant pathogenic fungi, as described in WO 2008 / 148570, WO 2010 / 063700, WO 2010 / 084078, and WO 2008 / 151828. On the other hand, various fungicides of different chemical classes are well known to be applied as plant fungicides to a wide range of cultivated plant crops. However, crop tolerance and activity against plant pathogenic fungi do not always meet the needs of agricultural practice in many situations and aspects. To overcome this problem, binary mixtures of pyrazolyl-formamides with certain fungicides are provided in WO 2012 / 041874 and WO 2015 / 049178.

[0005] According to the present invention, an antifungal composition is provided comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B) as an active ingredient, wherein component (A) is fluopyram and component (B) is fluopyram, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, N-oxide, diastereomer, enantiomer or tautomer thereof.

[0006] Fluopyram, also known as 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-N-[1-methyl-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)ethyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide, is known and prepared according to, for example, the description in WO 2010 / 067300. Certain binary mixtures of fluopyram are known from WO 2012 / 041874, WO 2015 / 049178 and WO 2022 / 157122.

[0007] Fluopyram, also known as N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, is known and prepared according to, for example, the description in WO 2015 / 185485. Certain binary mixtures of fluopyram are known from WO 2018 / 202428 and WO 2021 / 209630.

[0008] According to the present invention, a method for controlling diseases caused by plant pathogens on useful plants or their propagation material is provided, the method comprising applying to such useful plants, their sites or their propagation material a composition as defined in the present invention.

[0009] Furthermore, according to the present invention, use is provided for a composition comprising component (A) and component (B) as a fungicide.

[0010] According to the present invention, a method is provided for protecting plant-derived and / or animal-derived natural substances and / or their processed forms derived from the natural life cycle, the method comprising applying a combination of components (A) and (B) as defined in the present invention to said plant-derived and / or animal-derived natural substances or their processed forms.

[0011] It has been found that combining fluoxetine with fluoxetine can unexpectedly and significantly enhance the latter's effectiveness against fungi, and vice versa. Furthermore, the compositions of the present invention can effectively combat a broader spectrum of such fungi than when using a single active ingredient alone.

[0012] The benefits provided by certain fungicidal mixture compositions according to the invention may also include, in particular, favorable levels of bioactivity for protecting plants against fungal diseases or superior properties for use as an agrochemical active ingredient (e.g., greater bioactivity, favorable activity spectrum, increased safety, improved physicochemical properties, or increased biodegradability).

[0013] In each case, fluopyram and fluoxazine exist in free form, oxidized form such as N-oxides, or salt form (e.g., agronomically available salts). N-oxides are oxidized forms of tertiary amines or nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds. For example, they are described by A. Albini and S. Pietra in their 1991 book, "Heterocyclic N-oxides," published by CRC Press in Boca Raton.

[0014] As used herein, the term “component (A)” should be understood as fluopyram, or its agrochemically acceptable salt, N-oxide, diastereomer, enantiomer, or tautomer.

[0015] As used herein, the term “component (B)” should be understood as fluoxazine, or its agrochemically acceptable salt, N-oxide, diastereomer, enantiomer, or tautomer.

[0016] In general, the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) in the compositions of the present invention is 1000:1 to 1:1000, especially 100:1 to 1:100, more especially in a ratio of 50:1 to 1:50, even more especially in a ratio of 40:1 to 1:40, even more especially in a ratio of 25:1 to 1:25, very especially in a ratio of 10:1 to 1:10, even more especially in a ratio of 5:1 to 1:5, and especially in a ratio of 5:2 to 2:5. Preferred specific individual ratios include the following ratios: 1:1, 5:1, 5:2, 5:3, 5:4, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3, 3:1, 3:2, 2:1, 1:5, 2:5, 3:5, 4:5, 1:4, 2:4, 3:4, 1:3, 2:3, 1:2, 1:600, 1:300, 1:150, 1:100, 1:50, 1:40, 1:35, 1:20, 2:35, 4:35, 1:10, 1:75, 2:75, 4:75, 1:6000, 1 The ratios are 1:3000, 1:1500, 1:350, 2:350, 4:350, 1:750, 2:750, and 4:750. Among these, 1:100, 1:50, 1:25, 1:10, 1:5, and 2:5 are particularly preferred.

[0017] In one aspect of the invention, a fungicidal composition is provided, comprising fluopyram and fluopyram as fungicidal active ingredients, or their agrochemically acceptable salts, N-oxides, diastereomers, enantiomers, or tautomers.

[0018] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is from 100:1 to 1:100.

[0019] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 50:1 to 1:50.

[0020] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is from 50:1 to 1:4.

[0021] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is from 25:1 to 1:25.

[0022] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is from 10:1 to 1:10.

[0023] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is from 5:1 to 1:5.

[0024] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is from 4:1 to 1:4.

[0025] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 2:1 to 1:2.

[0026] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 1:2.

[0027] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 1:4.

[0028] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 50:1.

[0029] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 10:1.

[0030] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 5:1.

[0031] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 4:1.

[0032] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 2:1.

[0033] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 1:1.

[0034] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 1:2.

[0035] In one embodiment, in the fungicidal composition according to the invention, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is 1:4.

[0036] The fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluopyram according to the present invention can be particularly used to control diseases caused by certain plant pathogens, such as Phakpsora spp. and Erysiphe spp. on soybeans, preferably Phakpsora spp., especially Phakpsora pachyrhizi and Erysiphe diffusa on soybeans. The fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluopyram according to the present invention can also be used to control diseases caused by Puccinia spp. on wheat, especially Puccinia recondita on wheat.

[0037] In one embodiment, the fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine can be used to control diseases caused by diffuse powdery mildew on soybeans.

[0038] In one embodiment, the fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0039] In one embodiment, the fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine can be used to control diseases caused by *Cryptospira styracifolia* on wheat.

[0040] In another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxetine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxetine of 50:1 to 1:4) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0041] In another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine of 10:1 to 1:10) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0042] In another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine of 5:1 to 1:5) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0043] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxetine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxetine of 4:1 to 1:4) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0044] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine of 2:1 to 1:2) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0045] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of 50:1) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0046] In yet another embodiment, the fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine of 10:1) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0047] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of 5:1) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0048] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram and fluoxazine of 1:2) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0049] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxetine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxetine of 1:4) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0050] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of 2:1) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0051] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxetine (in a weight ratio of 4:1) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0052] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of 1:1) can be used to control diseases caused by the rust fungus on soybeans.

[0053] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxetine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxetine of 10:1 to 1:1) can be used to control diseases caused by cryptic stalk rust on wheat.

[0054] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine of 10:1) can be used to control diseases caused by cryptic stalk rust on wheat.

[0055] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of 5:1) can be used to control diseases caused by cryptic stalk rust on wheat.

[0056] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxetine (in a weight ratio of 4:1) can be used to control diseases caused by *Cryptospira styracifolia* on wheat.

[0057] In yet another embodiment, the fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram and fluoxazine of 2:1) can be used to control diseases caused by cryptic stalk rust on wheat.

[0058] In yet another embodiment, a fungicidal composition of fluopyram and fluoxazine (in a weight ratio of fluopyram and fluoxazine of 1:1) can be used to control diseases caused by cryptic stalk rust on wheat.

[0059] It has been discovered, unexpectedly, that certain weight ratios of component (A) and component (B) can produce synergistic activity. Therefore, another aspect of the invention is a composition in which components (A) and (B) are present in amounts that produce a synergistic effect. This synergistic activity is evident from the fact that the fungicidal activity of the composition comprising components (A) and (B) is greater than the sum of the fungicidal activities of components (A) and (B) alone. This synergistic activity expands the scope of action of components (A) and (B) in two ways. First, by reducing the application rate of components (A) and (B), yet maintaining the same level of effectiveness, this means that even if the two individual components become completely ineffective at such low application rates, the mixture of active ingredients still achieves a high degree of plant pathogen control. Second, the spectrum of controllable plant pathogens is significantly broadened.

[0060] A synergistic effect exists as long as the combined effect of the active ingredients is greater than the sum of the effects of the individual components. For a given combination of active ingredients, the expected E follows the so-called Colby formula and can be calculated as follows (COLBY, SR, "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination," Weeds, Vol. 15, pp. 20-22; 1967):

[0061] ppm = milligrams of active ingredient (= ai) per liter of spray mixture

[0062] X = % effect of active ingredient (A) using p ppm of active ingredient.

[0063] Y = % effect of active ingredient (B) using q ppm of active ingredient.

[0064] According to Colby, using p + q ppm of active ingredients, the expected effect of (additive) active ingredient (A) + (B) is...

[0065] If the observed effect (O) is greater than the expected effect (E), then the combined effect is superadditive, i.e., a synergistic effect exists. Mathematically, a synergistic effect corresponds to a positive value of the difference (OE). In the case of purely complementary addition of the active ingredient (expected activity), the difference (OE) is zero. A negative value of the difference (OE) indicates a loss of activity compared to the expected activity.

[0066] However, in addition to the actual synergistic effect relative to the fungicidal activity, the compositions according to the invention may also have other unexpectedly advantageous properties. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: more favorable degradability; improved toxicological and / or ecotoxicological behavior; or improved characteristics of useful plants, including: emergence, crop yield, more developed root system, increased tillering, increased plant height, larger leaves, less basal leaf mortality, stronger tillering, greener leaf color, less fertilizer required, less seed required, more tillering, earlier flowering, earlier grain maturity, less lodging, enhanced bud growth, improved plant vigor, and earlier germination.

[0067] In some cases, the compositions of the present invention may contain additional active ingredient component (C) different from component (B), wherein component (C) is selected from the group consisting of: (4E,10Z)-tetradec-4,10-dienyl acetate, (7E,9Z)-dodec-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol, (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate and (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol, (E)-tetrate-4-en-1-yl acetate, (S)-bioallethrin, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-ynyl acetate, (Z)-eicos-13-en-10-one, (Z)-Tetradec-7-en-1-al, (Z)-Tetradec-9-en-1-ol, (Z)-Tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate, 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol, 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)but-2-ol, 1-(5-bromo-2-pyridyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)prop-2-ol, 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridin-2-thione, 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-naphthylacetamide, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2,2-dichlorovinyl-2-ethylsulfinylethylmethyl phosphate, 2,4-D 2,4-DB, 2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)benzamide, 2-(1,3-dithiopentane-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperine ester, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindane-4-yl)pyridine-3-carbamate, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2-bromo-2-bromomethylglutaronitrile, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate, 2-imidazolium ketone, 2-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate, 2-thiocyanate ethyl laurate, 3- (4-Chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindane-4-yl]pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-indane-4-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-indane-4-yl)-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-yl dimethylcarbamate, 3-phenylphenol, 4,5-dichlorodithione-3-one,4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazin-3-carboxylon, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine, 4-(quinoxalo-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzyl nitrile, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyl-propyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3-one, 4-CPA, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-dimethylmethylcarbamate, 4-methylnon-5-ol and 4-Methylnon-5-one, 4-phenylphenol, 5-(1,3-benzodioxane-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol, 5-fluoro-2-(p-toluenemethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-(((E)-pyridin-3-ylmethylene)amino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-3(2H)-one, 5-methyl-6-thio-1,3,5-thiadiazine-3-ylacetic acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 11-ethyl-10,12-dioxo-2,5,8-trithia-4,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodecane-1(9),3,6-trien-6- Formonitrile, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene, [(9Z,11E)-tetradec-9,11-diene]acetate, [(Z)-dodec-9-ene]acetate, abamectin, acephate, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, activated ester, activated ester-S-methyl, flufenoxuron, cotton brown belt moth granulovirus, *Agrobacterium radiata*, cotton bollworm, albendazole, aldicarb, allethrin, isopentenyl adenine, allyl alcohol, chlorpyrifos, α-ecdysone, α-berberine alcohol, *Amblyocarb*, dimethoate, cypermethrin, flufenoxuron, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, indolesulfonamide, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos hydrochloride, amitraz, nitrothion, silver-striped noctuidovirus, *Microcera microcarpa*, pyrimidinol, fenvalerate. Fluphenazine, anthraquinone, Antoxin, aphid parasitoids, oat aphid parasitoids, aphid gall midges, methyl methamidophos, aureomycin, alfalfa silver-striped moth nucleopolyhedrovirus, avermectin B1a, oxycycline, azadirachtin A, pyridaben, methyl pyrazophos, phosmet, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, pyraclostrobin, Bacillus sphaeroides, Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, Bacillus thuringiensis Israel subsp., baculovirus, pyrethrum, Beauveria bassiana, benzalkonium chloride, benomyl, benzoyl permethrin, benzoyl permethrin, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, bifenazate, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, bio-allethrinBio-allethrin, bio-permethrin, bio-benzylfuran, dithionin, diflubenzuron, bifenthrin, bifenthrin, pyraclostrobin, borax, Bordeaux mixture, cyazofamid, bromocypermethrin, bromofenofos, bromodiphenyl phosphate, bromothion, ethyl bromothion, bromophos, cymoxanil, ethirimol sulfonate, thiamethoxam, busherin, busulfan, N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate butyl-3-ynyl ester, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, methyl ethyl ketone, trichlorfon butyrate, decanoate, butoxy(polypropylene glycol), methyl ethyl ketone sulfonate, butylamine, thionyl phosphate, cholecalciferol, calcium phosphate, calcium polysulfide, canbendazole, captan, chlorpyrifos Carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, carbamate, carbendazim hydrochloride, carbofuran, thiocarbofuran, carbofuran, carbofuran, cyprofen, cyprofen, fenitrothion, fenitrothion hydrochloride, cephalexin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, cyclohexanenitrile, servadin, chlorpyrifos, chitosan, chlorfenapyrone, chloralose, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, amitraz, ethephon, oxychloride , chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, dicofol, flufenoxuron, chlorpyrifos, chlormequat chloride, amitraz hydrochloride, cloconazole, bromochlorfenapyr, diflubenzuron, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlortetracycline, chlorthion, ethoxysulfuron, cholecalciferol, cyclophosphamide, common lacewing, fenvalerate, fenvalerate I, fenvalerate II, cis-jasmone Cis-benzanylfuran, cis-chlorpyrifos, clenbuterol, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos (acetamide), codling moth pheromone, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper octanoate, copper oleate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper sulfate, copper carbonate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, cyromazine, eugenol, chlorpyrifos, pyraclostrobin, cryolite, ladybug, pyridaben, thiamethoxam, cuprous oxide, benzoylphos, phosmet, cymoxanil, cyfluthrin, cycloamide, pyrethroid, cycloflufenoxam, codling moth granulovirus, pyridaben, cycloflufenoxam, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyproconazole, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin Azoxystrobin, cyromazine, cytokinins, D-methrin, Siberian leafminer wasp, DAEP, dazomet, DCPM, imazalil, buprofen, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin-O, fenpropathrin-S, demeton-O, demeton-S, methyl demeton-S, sulfadiazine, dimethomorph, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate, isochlorophos, dichlorothiazolamide, benzylsulfonamide, dichloronaphthoquinone, 2,4-D propionic acid, dichlorvos, sclerotinia, cyhalothiamethoxam, pyridaben, chlorfenapyr, trichlorfon, xylenol, fenpropathrin, dicyclopentadiene, ethoxysulfuron, DEET, difenoconazole, difenoconazole, fenpropathrin, thiamethoxam, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, fluazinon, pyrimethanil, dimethomorph ...Methoxyfenozide, Dimethoate, Sclerotinia sclerotinib, Thiamethoxam, Methionine, Dimethoate, Dimethoate, Dimethoate, Dimethyl disulfide, Dimethyl phthalate, Difenoconazole, Azoxystrobin, Dimethoate, Tebuconazole, High-efficiency Tebuconazole, Acaricide, Acaricide, Acaricide, Dichlorvos, Difenoconazole, Difenoconazole, Difenoconazole, Difenoconazole, Difenoconazole, Diphenylamine, Diphenylamine, Dithiocarbamate, Diphenylamine, Dithiocarbamate, Diphenylamine, Dithiocarbamate, Dithiocarbamate, Dithiocarbamate, Didecano-8-en-1-yl acetate, Dodecylmorpholine, Dimethoate, Dimethoate, Dimethoate, Flufenoxam, Cotton bollworm pheromone, Doramectin, Dimethoate, DSP, Ecdysterone, Dimethoate, Emafenoxam, EMPC, Encarnea, Encarsia formosa, Endothiocarbamate, Dimethoate, Indomethacin, Enoxaflutole Ester, Enrofloxacin, Pathogenic Bacteria, Pathogenic Fungi, Pathogenic Viruses, EPBP, Flutriafol, Epranosin, California Aphid, S-Cypermethrin, Imazalil, Thiazolamide, Ethiophanate-methyl, Ethiophanate, Ethiophanate-methyl, Ethyl methoxyquin, Ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, Ethyl formate, Ethylhexyl glycol, Ethylhexyl ether, Ethoxyfenozide, Tebuconazole, Ethiophanate-methyl, Eugenol, Erythromycin, EXD, Pyrimethanil, Oxadiazon, Valproic acid, Farnesol and Nerolidol, Fibentel, Imidacloprid, Azoxystrobin, Benzylphos, Chlorpyrifos, Quinalox, Fenbendazole, Cyproconazole, Benzophenazole, Phenylebium nitrate, Phenyrimidine, Fenoxycarb, Pyrimethanil, Mefenoxam, Cyclopyralid, Fenitrothion, Butylcarbamide, Chlorantraniliprole, Benthiocarb Phenoxypyrimidine, isoprothiolane, phenoxycarb, seed dressing agent, phenylpropamide, pyrethroid, cypermethrin, benzyl benzoate, butylmorpholine, pyraclostrobin, abamectin, fenthion, ethyl fenthion, triphenyltin, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, cypermethrin, ferric sulfate, imazalil, ferric phosphate, fipronil, flufenoxuron, flupyradifurone, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron Fluopyram, flufenoxuron, flupyrazole, fluquinazole, flusilazole, sulfadiazine, fluthiamethoxam, fluopyram, fluopyram, fenpyroxenol, fluopyram, captan, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, formaldehyde, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr hydrochloride, phosmet, phosphonocarb, tris(ethyl phosphonic acid), aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate), phosphonothion, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, phosphonothion, berberine, fenpyroxen, furazolidone, formazan, furazolidone, furazolidone Furanyl permethrin, furfural, gibberellic acid, chlorophenoxyacetic acid, glyphosate, cotton boll weevil pheromone I, cotton boll weevil pheromone II, cotton boll weevil pheromone III, cotton boll weevil pheromone IV, biguanide octanoic acid salt, benzyl ether, chlorfenapyr, hexamethylenetetramine, heptamethrin, *Heterobacter oryzae* and *Heterobacter macrocarbamate*, hexaconazole, cetyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, flufenoxuron, hexaconazole,Hexamethylenetetramine, fenthiocarb, phenoxypyrimidine, isoprothiolane, fenoxycarb, seed dressing agent, phenylpropionamide, pyrethroid, cypermethrin, benzyl benzoate, butylmorpholine, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, fenthion, ethyl fenthion, triphenyltin, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, cypermethrin, ferric ammonium, imazalil, ferric phosphate, fipronil, flufenoxuron, flupyradifurone, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron Azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, fluopyram, flufenoxuron, flupyrazole, fluquinazole, flusilazole, sulfadiazine, fluthiamethoxam, fluoxastrobin, fluopyram, fenpyroxenol, fluopyram, captan, terbufos, chlorpyrifos, formaldehyde, imidacloprid, imidacloprid hydrochloride, fenpropathrin, methamidophos, tris(ethyl phosphonic acid), aluminum tris(ethyl phosphonate), fenpropathrin, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, terbufos, betaine alcohol, fenpropathrin, furazolidone Ling, Furabi, Furazolidone, Furazolidone, Furfural, Gibberellin, Frucamide, Glyphosate, Cotton Boll Weevil Sex Pheromone I, Cotton Boll Weevil Sex Pheromone II, Cotton Boll Weevil Sex Pheromone III, Cotton Boll Weevil Sex Pheromone IV, Biguanide Octyl Acetate, Benzylfentanyl, Chlorfenapyr, Hexamethylenetetramine, Heptenphos, *Heterotrophic cephalopoda* and *Heterotrophic cephalopoda*, Hexaconazole, Cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Hexadecyl Ester, Flufenoxuron, Hexyl ester, Hexylamide, Thiamethoxam, Polymer beetle, Cycloconazole (racemic-(1S,2S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol), Fusarium oxychloride, Quicklime (calcium hydroxide), Hymexazol, Pyrimethanil, Icaridin, Hypericin, Imazalil, Imazalil sulfate, Imidazole, Imidacloprid, Biguanide octylamine, Indoxacarb, Fluopyram, Iodosulfonamide, Izoxystrobin, Chlorothalonil, Fluquinazon, Isoprothiolane, Iprodione, Iprodione, Dendrobium dimethoate, Dendrobium dimethoate, IPSP, Isamidofos, Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos, Flubenzamide, Iprodione, Iprodione, Iprodione, Isoprothiolane, Pyrazothrin, Iprodione Phosphate, isothiazine, oxazolidin, ivermectin, Japanese golden beetle pheromone, jasmine ester I, jasmine ester II, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormone III, thiamethoxam, kanamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, kinetin, acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, Kustag subsp., lambda-cyhalothrin, *Amblymia ulmoides*, bromofenofos, levamisole, bark beetle alcohol, liraconazole, fly attractant ring, lufenuron, chlorfenapyr, thiamethoxam, m-isopropylphenyl methyl carbamate, mirid bug, magnesium phosphide, malathion, maleic hydrazine, carbofuran, cabbage looper nucleopolyhedrovirus, mancozeb, mancozeb, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, mancozeb, masidonis, mebendazole, phosmet, methamidophosMediterranean fruit fly sex pheromone, chlorfenapyr, stigmacal, meloxicam, pyraclostrobin, methoxyfenozide, methyl parathion, mepiquat chloride, chlorpyrifos, difenoconazole, sulfadiazine, cyfluthrin, metalaxyl, high-efficiency metalaxyl, metaldehyde, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam potassium, thiamethoxam sodium, yellow aphid wasp, Metarhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium anisopliae beetle, methyl benzamide, tebuconazole, chlorfenapyr, methamidophos, sulfadiazine Carbendazim, Phoxim, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiophanate-methyl, Methomyl, Acetaminophen, Methionil, Methoxyquinoline, Methoxybenzylpyrrolizide, Methoxyfenozide, Methylthiocarbamate, Methyleugenol, Iodomethacin, Methylnedecylamide, Mancozeb, Tetrafluthrin, Dimethoate, Phenoxybenzonitrile, Imidacloprid, Benomyl, Metyltetraprole, Dimethoate, Zicocarb, MGK 264), milbemime, oxomil, phosmet, molotovatec, moxicillin, housefly pheromone, cyproconazole, methylphenidate, *Lactobacillus verrucae* preparation, N-[2-[2,4-dichlorophenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-[(2-isopropylphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, sodium mancozeb, dibromophos, NC-170, nemesisin, *Salmonella reesei* nuclear polyhedrosis virus and *Salmonella reesei* nuclear polyhedrosis virus, nicotinamide ethanolamine salt, nicotine, nicotine sulfate, nicotinic acid, acetamiprid, nitrazepam, nitropyrrolizine, cypermethrin, isopropyltriazine, rodenticide, nornicotine, fluazinam, fluazinam Urea, fluoropyrimidinol, O,O,O',O'-tetrapropyl dithiophosphate, octadec-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate, octadec-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate, octathione, furazolidone, oleic acid, omethoate, tussock moth pheromone, small flower bug, oxime ether, oseltamivir, oxysone, oxadiazon, glyphosate, oxamyl, octylpyridinium chloride, cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide Sulfuric acid, fluthiazopyrone, oxifenedazol, oxendazole, quinoline copper, oxacrylic acid, oximazole, oxychloride, sulfonyl phosmet, isopropoxyphos, sulfonyl phosmet, oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline dihydrate, paclobutrazol, fumigatus flavox, parathion, parathion, methyl parathion, pabendazole, isoprothiolane, tebuconazole, penicillin ester, fluopyram, pyraclostrobin, permethrin, mineral oil, pH 60-38, Cyazofamid, Indomethacin, Phosphate, Chlorpyrifos, Fusoxam, Cotton-like Phosphate, Glyphosate, Imidacloprid, Chlorpyrifos, Ammonium Phosphate, Phosphine, Phosphine, Phoxim, Methyl Phosphate, Tetrachlorophthalide, Phytosyl Seymide, Bisoxam, Azoxystrobin, Pimobendan, Warfarin, Piperazine, Synergist, Synergist, Pyrimidine Phosphate, Piperazine, Methylpyrimidine Phosphate, Fthiophanate-methyl, Polyoxin B, Polyoxin D, Potassium Ethyl Xanthate, Potassium Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate, Praziquantel, Precozid I, Precozid II, Precozid III, Pyrimidine Phosphate, Allylfenthiazole, Prochloraz, Iprodione, ProfenofosCypermethrin, Cyclocarboxylic acid, Calcium cyclocarboxate, Dimethoate, Mancozeb, Propanil, Cymoxanil, Propanol, Acarbendazim, Propiconazole, Propineb, Propine zinc, Propionic acid, Propyraclostrobin, Chlorpropamide, Prothioconazole, Prothioconazole, Prothioconazole, Phosphate, Butyl ester, Fluopyram, Pymetrozine, Pyraclostrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Dihydroxynaphthalene Acid thiamethoxam, azoxystrobin, pymetrozine, pyrazosulfuron, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, benzalkonium chloride, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrin (natural product), pyrethroid (natural product), pyridaben, pyridaben, pyridaben, pyridaben, pyridaben, pyridaben-4-amine, pyridabenoxime, pyrifluquinazon, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, pyridaben, pyridaben, pyridaben Immunochlor, pyriproxyfen, pyrrolidine, quinquercetin, *Paspalum notatum* extract, quinoline, methyl quinoline, algae-inoquinoline, quinoline amide, quinoline, quinoxaline, pentachloronitrobenzene, R-1492, R-metalaxyl, *Polygonum cuspidatum* extract, ribavirin, rotenone, ryanodine (Renia), *Veratrum sambac*, octamethrin, red onion glycoside, octanoyl methylamine, fluoxastrobin, silachlor, cymoxanil, sesamin, pyridaben, siloxyfen, siloxane, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, sofosfoam, sodidin, ethyl spinosad, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, spirotetramat methyl ester, spirocyclohexane, *Steinernema bifolia*, *Steinernema spp.*, *Steinernema spp.*, *Steinernema spp.*, *Steinernema spp.*, *Steinernema spp.*, *Steinernema spp.*, *Steinernema spp.*, *Steinernema spp.* (riobravis), mole crickets, *Streptomycin*, streptomycin sesquisulfate, bark beetle extract, sulfonylurea, sulfamethrin, sulfur, thiopropionate, tar, flumethrin, TCMTB, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide, pyridaben, quinacrine, butylpyrimidine phosphate, tetrachloronitrobenzene, flufenoxuron, heptafluthrin, dithiophos, cyclopentenepropargyl, thiram, terbufos, chlorpyrifos, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate, trichlorfon, pyrethroid, tetramethylflufenoxuron, tetracycline, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, copper thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, methyl ethyl phosphate, thiazophos, thiafenprox, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, thioflufenoxuron, thiodimethylamine, insecticidal ring, hydrogen oxalate insecticidal ring Thiamethoxam, Dimethoate, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiophanate-methyl, Quinalphos, Thiamethoxam, Thiamethoxam Disodium, Carbendazim, Bacillus thuringiensis, Thiamethoxam, Tiamulin, Thioxamamide, Methyl thiophanate, Azoxystrobin, Trifluralin, Tetrabromosulfuron, Trans-cypermethrin, Tratamide, Triadimefon, Triadimefon, Triadimefon, Benzoate, Azoxystrobin, Triazophos, Imidazin, Tributylester, Trichlorfon, Chlorpyrifos, Trichlorfon-3, Trichogramma, Trichloropyridinium, Trichloropyridinium ester, Tricyclazole, Tridemorpholine, Triphenylmorpholine, Azoxystrobin, Fluopyram, Cyclofenac, Azoxystrobin, Mediterranean fruit fly sex pheromone, Mediterranean fruit fly sex pheromone A, Mediterranean fruit fly sex pheromone B1, Mediterranean fruit fly sex pheromone B2.Mediterranean fruit fly pheromone C, [unclear - possibly a brand name or product] ...

[0068] Preferably, component (C) is selected from the group consisting of: prothioconazole, tebuconazole, chlorfenapyr, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, cyproconazole, propiconazole, fluconazole, bromoconazole, prochloraz, hexaconazole, fenbendazole, benzyl benzoate, spirocycline, benzo[a]fluoroquinolones, cycloflufenoxam, fluopyram, fluopyram, isopropoxyfen, pyraclostrobin, fluopyram, bifenthion, boscalid, fluindazole, tetrazolium. Azoxystrobin, oxadiazon, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, phenoxybenzonitr, fluopyram, methylbenzamide, fluchlorothalonil, benzyl benzoyl benzonitr, flumethrin, (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester and (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester (these compounds can be found according to WO The following compounds may be prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 193387: N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropaneformamide and N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide, or their (R) or (S) enantiomers or mixtures thereof (these compounds may be prepared according to the method described in WO 2017 / 055473), copper salts, sulfur, mancozeb, captan, chlorothalonil, and phosphates and their salts.

[0069] More preferably, component (C) is selected from the group consisting of: prothioconazole, chlorfenapyr, difenoconazole, cyproconazole, benzyl sulfadiazine, benzo[a]fluoroquinolones, fluopyram, isopropoxyl, fluopyram, pyraclostrobin, oxadiazon, methyl benzamide, (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester and (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoic acid methyl ester (these compounds can be selected according to WO The following compounds may be prepared according to the method described in WO 2020 / 193387: N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropaneformamide and N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propionamide, or their (R) or (S) enantiomers or mixtures thereof (these compounds may be prepared according to the method described in WO 2017 / 055473), copper salts, mancozeb and chlorothalonil.

[0070] In embodiments of the invention in which the composition comprises component (A), component (B), and component (C), the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) to component (C) may be selected from 20:1:1, 1:20:1, 1:1:20, 10:1:1, 1:10:1, 1:1:10, 5:2:1, 2:1:5, 1:5:2, 5:1:1, 1:5:1, 1:1:5, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, or 1:1:1.

[0071] Some compositions according to the present invention have systemic action and can be used as fungicides for leaf, soil and seed treatment.

[0072] Using the composition according to the invention, plant pathogenic microorganisms present on various useful plants or plant parts (fruits, flowers, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) can be inhibited or destroyed, while also protecting later-growing plant parts from attack by plant pathogenic microorganisms.

[0073] The compositions according to the invention can be applied to plant pathogenic microorganisms, useful plants threatened by microbial attack, their sites, their propagation materials, stored goods or technical materials.

[0074] The composition according to the invention can be applied before or after useful plants, their propagation materials, stored goods or technical materials are infected by microorganisms.

[0075] Another aspect of the invention is a method for controlling diseases caused by plant pathogens on useful plants or their propagation material, the method comprising applying a composition according to the invention to the useful plants, their sites, or their propagation material. A preferred method comprises applying the composition according to the invention to the useful plants or their sites, more preferably to the useful plants. A further preferred method comprises applying the composition according to the invention to the propagation material of the useful plants.

[0076] Throughout this document, the term "composition" refers to different mixtures or combinations of components (A) and (B), such as in a single "ready-to-use with water" form, in a combined spray mixture (consisting of a separate formulation of a single active ingredient component) (e.g., a "tank mix"), and in combination of single active ingredients (when applied sequentially, i.e., one after another within a reasonably short period of time, such as hours or days). For the purposes of this invention, the order in which components (A) and (B) are applied is not critical.

[0077] These active ingredient combinations are effective against harmful microorganisms (e.g., microorganisms) that cause plant pathogenic diseases, particularly against plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria.

[0078] Combinations of active ingredients may be particularly effective against plant pathogenic fungi belonging to the following categories: Ascomycetes (e.g., *Aureobasidium*, *Cyclocarya*, *Erythrina*, *Sclerotium*, *Cyclocarya*, *Uncaria*); Basidiomycetes (e.g., *Hemileia*, *Rhizoctonia*, *Laminaria*, *Stenocarya*, *Ustilago*, *Tilletia*); and Fungi (…). (also known as Deuteromycetes; e.g., *Botrytis*, *Helminthosporium*, *Rhizosporium*, *Fusarium*, *Syngonium*, *Cercosporium*, *Alternaria*, *Pyridae*, and *Pseudocercosporella*)); Oomycetes (e.g., *Phytophthora*, *Peronospora*, *Albugo*, *Bremia*, *Pythium*, *Pseudosclerospora*, *Plasmopara*). Preferably, the compositions of the present invention are effective against plant pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera *Syngonium*, *Cytophyta*, *Pyridae*, *Sclerotium*, *Colletotrichum*, *Uncaria*, *Nematocystis*, *Pyrophyta*, *Pseudosclerospora*, or *Plasmopara*. In particular, among these genera, plant pathogenic fungi include *Syngonium leucosporium*, *Syngonium argentea*, *Syngonium oryzae*, *Syngonium rotundifolium*, *Syngonium spp. ... or *Syngonium spp.*.

[0079] According to the present invention, "useful plants" typically include the following plant species: grapevines; cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, or oats; rice; sugar beets, such as sugar beets or forage beets; fruits, such as pome, drupes, or soft fruits, for example, apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, or blackberries; legumes, such as beans, lentils, peas, or soybeans; oil crops, such as rapeseed, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor oil plants, cocoa beans, or peanuts; and cucumber plants, such as zucchini, asparagus, etc. Melons or cantaloupes; fiber plants such as cotton, flax, hemp, or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, or tangerines; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, melons, or peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocados, cinnamon, or camphor; corn; tobacco; nuts (including peanuts); coffee; sugarcane; tea; vines; hops; durian; bananas; natural rubber plants; turf or ornamental plants such as flowering plants (including roses), shrubs, broadleaf trees, or evergreen trees, such as conifers. This list does not represent any limitation; however, preferably, useful plants may be selected from wheat, barley, rice, soybeans, apples, grapes, cucumbers, peanuts, or bananas. More preferably, the useful plant is soybean.

[0080] The term "useful plants" should be understood to also include useful plants that have developed tolerance to herbicides such as bromobenzonitrile or herbicides (e.g., HPPD inhibitors, ALS inhibitors such as flusulfuron, flusulfuron, and triflusulfuron, EPSPS (5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase) inhibitors, and GS (glutamine synthase) inhibitors) through conventional breeding or genetic engineering. An example of a crop that has developed tolerance to imidazolinones (e.g., methoxyfenozide) through conventional breeding (mutation) is Clearfield® summer canola. Examples of crops that have developed tolerance to herbicides or herbicides through genetic engineering include glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady®, Herculex I®, and LibertyLink®.

[0081] The term “useful plant” should be understood to also include useful plants that have been transformed by the use of recombinant DNA technology to enable them to synthesize one or more selectively acting toxins, such as those known to come from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.

[0082] Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, such as those from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, such as CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1), or Cry9c, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs), such as VIP1, VIP2, VIP3, or VIP3A; or insecticidal proteins from nematode-parasitic bacteria, such as species of the genus Photorhabdus or species of the genus Xenorhabdus, such as Photorhabdus luminescens and Xenorhabdus spp. (nematophilus); toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion venom, spider venom, bee venom, and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as streptotoxins; lectins, such as pea lectin, barley lectin, or snowdrop lectin; agglutinin; protease inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, potato glycoprotein, cystatin, and papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), such as ricin, maize-RIP, absinthecin, loofah seed toxin, saponin toxin, or cassia root toxin; steroid metabolic enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, decidual steroid-UDP-glycosyltransferase, cholesterol oxidase, decidualin inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers such as sodium or calcium channel blockers, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptor, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinase, and glucanase.

[0083] In the context of this invention, δ-endotoxins (e.g., CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1), or Cry9c) or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) (e.g., VIP1, VIP2, VIP3, or VIP3A) should be understood to obviously also include mixed toxins, truncated toxins, and modified toxins. Mixed toxins are generated through novel recombination of different combinations of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02 / 15701). An example of a truncated toxin is a truncated CryIA(b), expressed in Bt11 corn from Syngenta Seed SAS as described below. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are substituted. In such amino acid substitutions, it is preferable to insert a protease recognition sequence that is not naturally present into the toxin, for example, as in the case of CryIIIA055, inserting a cathepsin-D-recognition sequence into the CryIIIA toxin (see WO 03 / 018810).

[0084] Examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93 / 07278, WO 95 / 34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 03 / 052073.

[0085] Methods for preparing such transgenic plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described in, for example, the disclosures mentioned above. CryI type deoxyribonucleic acid and its preparation are known, for example, from WO 95 / 34656, EP-A-0 367474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 90 / 13651.

[0086] Toxins, including those found in genetically modified plants, enable the plants to tolerate harmful insects. These insects can be found in any insect taxonomy, but are particularly common in beetles (Coleoptera), dipterans (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera).

[0087] Transgenic plants containing one or more genes encoding insecticidal resistance and expressing one or more toxins are known, and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (a corn variety expressing CryIA(b) toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (a corn variety expressing CryIIIB(b1) toxin); YieldGardPlus® (a corn variety expressing both CryIA(b) and CryIIIB(b1) toxins); Starlink® (a corn variety expressing Cry9(c) toxin); Herculex I® (a corn variety expressing CryIF(a2) toxin and the enzyme phosphatidinium N-acetyltransferase (PAT) for acquiring resistance to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (a cotton variety expressing CryIA(c) toxin); Bolgard I® (a cotton variety expressing CryIA(c) toxin); Bolgard II® (cotton variety expressing CryIA(c) and CryIIA(b) toxins); VICOT® (cotton variety expressing VIP toxin); NewLeaf® (potato variety expressing CryIIIA toxin); NatureGard® and Protecta®.

[0088] Other examples of such genetically modified crops are:

[0089] 1. Bt11 corn, from Syngenta Seed Company, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France, Registry No. C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. Genetically modified Zeamays corn has been transgenic to express a truncated CryIA(b) toxin, resulting in resistance to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides). Bt11 corn has also been transgenic to express PAT enzymes to gain tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate.

[0090] 2. Bt176 corn, from Syngenta Seed Company, 27 Hobbit Road, F-31 790 Saint-Soville, France, Registry No. C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. This genetically modified corn variety has been transgenic to express the CryIA(b) toxin, resulting in resistance to attack by the European corn borer (corn borer and mealybug). Bt176 corn has also been transgenic to express the PAT enzyme for tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium.

[0091] 3. MIR604 maize, from Syngenta Seed Company, 27 Hobbit Road, F-31 790 Saint-Soville, France, Registry No. C / FR / 96 / 05 / 10. This transgenic maize has been shown to be resistant to insects by expressing a modified CryIIIA toxin. This toxin is derived from Cry3A055, modified by inserting a cathepsin-D protease recognition sequence. The preparation of this type of transgenic maize plant is described in WO 03 / 018810.

[0092] 4. MON 863 corn, from Monsanto Europe SA, 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C / DE / 02 / 9. MON 863 expresses CryIIIB(b1) toxin and is resistant to certain Coleoptera.

[0093] 5. IPC 531 cotton, from Monsanto Europe, 270-272 Teflon Boulevard, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C / ES / 96 / 02.

[0094] 6.1507 maize, from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, Registry No. C / NL / 00 / 10. Genetically modified maize expressing the protein Cry1F to acquire resistance to certain lepidopteran insects and expressing the PAT protein to acquire tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate.

[0095] 7. NK603 × MON 810 corn, from Monsanto Europe, 270-272 Boulevard de Teveren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, Registry No. C / GB / 02 / M3 / 03. This hybrid corn variety was created by crossing the genetically modified cultivar NK603 with MON 810, using conventional breeding methods. The NK603 × MON 810 transgenic corn expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS obtained from the *Agrobacterium* sp. strain CP4, conferring tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (containing glyphosate); and also contains the CryIA(b) toxin obtained from *Bacillus thuringiensis* subsp. *kurstaki*, conferring tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, including the European corn borer.

[0096] Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants were also described in BATS (Zentrum für Biosicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit, BATS Center, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) report 2003. http: / / bats.ch ).

[0097] The term "useful plant" should be understood to also include useful plants that have been transformed using recombinant DNA technology to enable them to synthesize selectively active antipathogenic substances, such as so-called "pathogenesis-associated proteins" (PRPs, see, for example, EP-A-0 392 225). Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesizing such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 95 / 33818, and EP-A-0 353 191. Methods for producing such transgenic plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described in, for example, the disclosures mentioned above.

[0098] Antipathogenic substances that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as sodium and calcium channel blockers, such as viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthase; bibenzyl synthase; chitinase; glucanase; so-called "pathogenesis-associated proteins" (PRP; see, for example, EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, such as peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see, for example, WO 95 / 33818); or proteins or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defense (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 03 / 000906).

[0099] As used herein, the term "site" for useful plants is intended to include places where useful plants grow, where plant propagation material of useful plants is sown, or where plant propagation material of useful plants will be placed in the soil. An example of such a site is a field on which crop plants grow.

[0100] The term "plant propagation material" should be understood to refer to the reproductive parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the propagation of the plant, as well as nutrient materials, such as cuttings or tubers (e.g., potatoes). References may include, for example, seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and parts of the plant. References may also include germinating plants and young plants that will be transplanted after germination from the soil or after emergence. These young plants can be protected before transplanting by complete or partial treatment via maceration. Preferably, "plant propagation material" should be understood to mean seeds.

[0101] A further aspect of the invention is a method for protecting plant- and / or animal-derived natural substances and / or their processed forms derived from the natural life cycle from fungal attack, the method comprising applying a combination of components (A) and (B) to said plant- and / or animal-derived natural substances or their processed forms.

[0102] According to the present invention, the term "plant-derived natural material from its natural life cycle" refers to a plant or part thereof harvested from its natural life cycle and in a fresh-harvested form. Examples of such plant-derived natural material are stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, or grains. According to the present invention, the term "processing form of plant-derived natural material" is understood to refer to the form of plant-derived natural material resulting from improved processing. Such improved processing can be used to convert plant-derived natural material into a more storable form (stored goods). Examples of such improved processing include pre-drying, moistening, crushing, pulverizing, grinding, compressing, or roasting. Also falling under the definition of processing form of plant-derived natural material is wood, whether in log form, such as building timber, transmission towers, and fences, or in finished product form, such as furniture or objects made from wood.

[0103] According to the present invention, the term "animal-derived natural materials and / or their processed forms derived from their natural life cycle" is understood to refer to animal-derived materials such as hides, skins, leather, fur, hair, and the like, and not to materials present on the surface of a live animal. Therefore, the present invention does not extend to methods of processing live animals.

[0104] The combination according to the invention can prevent adverse effects such as spoilage, discoloration, or mold.

[0105] A preferred embodiment is a method for protecting plant-derived natural substances and / or their processed forms derived from the natural life cycle from fungal attack, the method comprising applying a synergistically effective amount of a combination of components (A) and (B) to the plant-derived and / or animal-derived natural substances or their processed forms.

[0106] Another preferred embodiment is a method for protecting fruits (preferably pome, stone fruit, berry and citrus fruit) and / or their processed forms derived from their natural life cycle, the method comprising applying a synergistically effective amount of a combination of components (A) and (B) to said fruit and / or its processed form.

[0107] These combinations of the present invention can also be used in the field of protecting industrial materials from fungal attack. According to the present invention, the term "industrial material" refers to non-living materials prepared for industrial use. For example, industrial materials intended to be protected from fungal attack can include adhesives, slurries, paper, boards, textiles, blankets, leather, wood, building materials, paints, plastic articles, cooling lubricants, water-based hydraulic fluids, and other materials that can be infected or decomposed by microorganisms. Cooling and heating systems, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and parts of production equipment (e.g., cooling water lines) that can be damaged by the proliferation of microorganisms can also be mentioned among the materials to be protected. The combinations according to the present invention can prevent adverse effects such as spoilage, discoloration, or mold growth.

[0108] These combinations of the present invention can also be used in the field of protecting technical materials from fungal attack. According to the present invention, the term "technical materials" includes paper; blankets; buildings; cooling and heating systems; ventilation and air conditioning systems, etc. The combinations according to the present invention can prevent adverse effects such as decay, fading, or mold growth.

[0109] The combination according to the invention is particularly effective against powdery mildew; rust; leaf spot species; early blight and mold; especially against *Syngonium*, *Stenophyllaria*, *Powdery Mildew*, *Sclerotium*, and *Tapesia* in cereals; *Laminaria* in soybeans; *Camponotus* in coffee; *Polycystis* in roses; *Alternaria* in potatoes, tomatoes, and melons; *Sclerotium* in turf, vegetables, sunflowers, and rapeseed; black rot, red fire disease, powdery mildew, gray mold, and vine blight in vines; *Botrytis cinerea* in fruits; *Monilinia* species in fruits; and *Penicillium* species in fruits.

[0110] Furthermore, the combinations according to the invention are particularly effective against seed-borne and soil-borne diseases, such as species of *Alternaria*, *Alternaria*, *Botrytis*, *Cercospora*, *Clavicepspurpurea*, *Cochliobolus sativus*, *Colletotrichum*, *Epicoccum* spp., *Fusarium graminearum*, *Fusarium moniliforme*, *Fusarium oxysporum*, *Fusarium proliferatum*, *Fusarium solani*, *Fusarium subglutinans*, *Gäumannomyces graminis*, *Helminthosporium* spp., *Microsorum nivalis*, and *Phoma*. *Pyrenophora graminea*, *Pyrenophora graminea*, *Rhizoctonia cerealis*, *Sclerotinia* spp., *Sphacelotheca reilliana*, *Tilletia* spp., *Typhula incarnata*, *Urocystis occulta*, *Ustilago* spp., or *Verticillium* spp.; particularly resistant to pathogens of cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, or oats; corn; rice; cotton; soybeans; turf; sugar beets; rapeseed; potatoes; pulse crops such as peas, lentils, or chickpeas; and sunflowers.

[0111] Furthermore, the compositions according to the invention are particularly effective against postharvest diseases such as *Botrytis cinerea*, *Colletotrichum musae*, *Curvularia lunata*, *Fusarium semitecum*, *Geotrichum candidum*, *Monilinia fructicol*, *Monilinia fructicol*, *Monilinia fructicol*, *Monilinia fructicol*, *Monilinia fructicol*, *Mucor piriformis*, *Penicilium italicum*, *Penicilium solitum*, *Penicillium digitatum*, or *Penicillium expansum*; especially against pathogens of fruits such as pomegranates (e.g., apples and pears), stone fruits (e.g., peaches and plums), citrus fruits, melons, papayas, kiwifruit, mangoes, berries (e.g., strawberries), avocados, pomegranates, and bananas, as well as nuts.

[0112] The amount of the combination of the present invention to be applied will depend on various factors, such as the compounds used; the object to be treated, such as plants, soil or seeds; the type of treatment, such as spraying, dusting or seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment, such as prevention or treatment; the type of fungus to be controlled or the timing of application.

[0113] Compositions comprising a combination of component (A) and component (B) can be applied, for example, as a single "ready-to-use" form, as a combined spray mixture (consisting of individual formulations of a single active ingredient component) (such as a "tank mix"), and when applied in a sequential manner (i.e., one after another within a reasonably short period of time, such as hours or days). For the purposes of this invention, the order in which the compound of component (A) and the active ingredient of component (B) are applied is not critical.

[0114] Some of the compositions according to the present invention have systemic activity and can be used as fungicides for leaf, soil and seed treatment.

[0115] Using the composition according to the invention, plant pathogenic microorganisms present on various useful plants or plant parts (fruits, flowers, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) can be inhibited or destroyed, while also protecting later-growing plant parts from attack by plant pathogenic microorganisms.

[0116] The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful for controlling large numbers of fungi in various useful plants or their seeds, especially in field crops such as potatoes, tobacco and sugar beets, as well as wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, mycelium, cotton, soybeans, rapeseed, legume crops, sunflowers, coffee, sugarcane, fruits in horticulture and viticulture, and ornamental plants, and fungi in vegetables such as cucumbers, beans and melons.

[0117] The composition according to the invention is applied by treating fungi, useful plants threatened by fungal attack, their sites, their propagation materials, natural substances of plant and / or animal origin and / or their processed forms, or industrial materials, preferably in synergistically effective amounts of components (A) and (B).

[0118] The compositions according to the invention may be applied before or after fungal infection of useful plants, their propagation materials, plant-derived and / or animal-derived natural substances derived from their natural life cycle and / or their processed forms, or industrial materials.

[0119] The compositions according to the invention are active ingredients with preventive and / or therapeutic value in the field of pest control, even at low application rates.

[0120] When fluoxazine is applied to useful plants in combination with 1 to 5000 g ai / ha, especially 2 to 2000 g ai / ha, for example 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 800, 1000, or 1500 g ai / ha, fluoxazine is applied at a ratio of 5 to 2000 g ai / ha, especially 10 to 1000 g ai / ha, for example 25, 50, 75, 100, or 200 g ai / ha.

[0121] In agricultural practice, the application rate of the composition according to the invention depends on the type of effect desired and is typically in the range of 20 to 4000 g of total composition per hectare.

[0122] When the compositions of the present invention are used to treat seeds, a ratio of 0.001 to 50 g of fluopyram / kg of seeds, preferably 0.01 to 10 g / kg of seeds, and 0.001 to 50 g of fluopyram / kg of seeds, preferably 0.01 to 10 g / kg of seeds, is generally sufficient.

[0123] The present invention also provides fungicidal compositions comprising a synergistically effective amount of a combination of fluopyram and fluoxazine, as mentioned above, an agriculturally acceptable carrier, and optionally a surfactant. In said compositions, the weight ratio of fluopyram to fluoxazine is preferably between 1000:1 and 1:1000, more preferably as described above.

[0124] The compositions of the present invention can be used in any conventional form, such as in the form of double-packaged powders for dry seed treatment (DS), emulsions for seed treatment (ES), flowable concentrates for seed treatment (FS), solutions for seed treatment (LS), water-dispersible powders for seed treatment (WS), capsule suspensions for seed treatment (CF), gels for seed treatment (GF), emulsion concentrates (EC), suspension concentrates (SC), suspension emulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS), water-dispersible particles (WG), emulsifiable particles (EG), water-in-oil emulsions (EO), oil-in-water emulsions (EW), microemulsions (ME), dispersible oil suspensions (OD), oil suspensions (OF), oil-soluble liquids (OL), soluble concentrates (SL), ultra-low volume suspensions (SU), ultra-low volume liquids (UL), technical grade (TK), dispersible concentrates (DC), wettable powders (WP), or any technically feasible formulations in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0125] Such compositions can be produced in conventional ways, such as by mixing the active ingredient with appropriate formulation inert agents (diluents, solvents, fillers, and optionally other formulation components, such as surfactants, biocides, antifreeze agents, adhesives, thickeners, and compounds that provide auxiliary effects). Conventional sustained-release formulations designed for long-term sustained efficacy can also be used. In particular, formulations intended for application in spray form, such as water-dispersible concentrates (e.g., EC, SC, DC, OD, SE, EW, EO, etc.), wettable powders, and granules, may contain surfactants such as wetting agents and dispersants, as well as other compounds that provide auxiliary effects, such as condensation products of formaldehyde and naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, fatty alkyl sulfates, and ethoxylated alkylphenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols.

[0126] Using the combination and diluent of the present invention, the seed dressing formulation is applied to seeds in a suitable seed dressing form, such as an aqueous suspension or dry powder having good adhesion to seeds, in a manner known per se. Such seed dressing formulations are known in the art. The seed dressing formulation may contain a single active ingredient or a combination of active ingredients in encapsulated form, for example, as a sustained-release capsule or microcapsule.

[0127] Typically, formulations comprise 0.01% to 90% by weight of an active agent, 0% to 20% of an agriculturally acceptable surfactant, and 10% to 99.99% by weight of a solid or liquid formulation inert agent and one or more adjuvants, the active agent being at least composed of a compound having formula I together with components (B) and (C), and optionally other active agents (particularly microbicides, preservatives, or the like). Concentrated forms of the composition typically contain between about 2% and 80% by weight of the active agent, preferably between about 5% and 70%. Application forms of the formulation may, for example, contain 0.01% to 20% by weight of the active agent, preferably between 0.01% and 5% by weight. However, commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates, and end users will typically use diluted formulations.

[0128] Biological examples:

[0129] The biological (fungal) activity of the compositions according to the invention in the form of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions was tested using one or more of the following methods (e.g., Examples 2 and 3). Standard instructions for liquid culture testing are provided in Example 1.

[0130] Example 1: Liquid culture experiment in a well plate:

[0131] A mycelial fragment or conidial suspension of a fungus (prepared fresh from a liquid culture of the fungus or from cryopreservation) was directly mixed into the nutrient liquid medium. A DMSO solution of the test compound (maximum 10 mg / mL) was diluted 50-fold with 0.025% Tween 20, and 10 µL of this solution was pipetted into a microtiter plate (96-well). Nutrient liquid medium containing fungal spores / mycelial fragments was then added to obtain the final concentration of the test compound. The test plate was incubated in the dark at 24°C and 96% relative humidity (rh). Depending on the disease system, inhibition of fungal growth was determined by photometry and observation after 3–7 days, and the percentage of antifungal activity relative to the untreated control was calculated.

[0132] Example 2: Soybean rust fungus (soybean rust):

[0133] Four weeks after planting, whole soybean plants were treated with the described active ingredient. One day after spraying, leaf discs were cut from the first trifoliate leaf. Each ratio was replicated five times. One day after treatment, the leaf discs were inoculated with *Soybean rust* (Asian soybean rust). Eleven days after inoculation, the leaf discs were evaluated, and the activity was derived from the relationship between the treated and untreated infected control groups. The ratios of the active ingredient used are given in g active ingredient (ai) / ha in Table 1.

[0134] Table 1:

[0135]

[0136] Example 3: Diffuse powdery mildew (soybean powdery mildew):

[0137] Four weeks after planting, whole soybean plants were treated with the described active ingredient. One day after spraying, leaf discs were cut from the first trifoliate leaf. Each ratio was replicated five times. One day after treatment, the leaf discs were inoculated with diffuse powdery mildew (soybean powdery mildew). The leaf discs were evaluated 11 to 14 days after inoculation, and the activity was derived from the relationship between the treated and untreated infected control groups.

[0138] Example 4: Hidden stalk rust fungus (brown rust):

[0139] Two weeks after planting, whole wheat plants were treated with the described active ingredient. Each ratio was replicated nine times. One day after treatment, the plants were inoculated with *Cryptostoma crypticum* (brown rust). Activity was assessed 12 days post-inoculation, derived from the relationship between the treatment and the untreated infected control group. The ratios of the active ingredient used are given in Table 2 as g active ingredient (ai) / ha.

[0140] Table 2:

[0141] .

Claims

1. A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B) as an active ingredient, wherein component (A) is fluopyram and component (B) is fluopyram, or an agrochemically acceptable salt, N-oxide, diastereomer, enantiomer or tautomer thereof.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein components (A) and (B) are present in synergistically effective amounts.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 50:1 to 1:50, and preferably 10:1 to 1:

10.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 5:1 to 1:5, and preferably 4:1 to 1:

4.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight ratio of (A) to (B) is 2:1 to 1:

2.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an agriculturally acceptable carrier and / or formulation aid, and optionally a surfactant.

7. A method for controlling diseases caused by plant pathogens on useful plants or their propagation material, the method comprising applying to said useful plant, its site or propagation material a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the useful plant is soybean.

9. The method according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the plant pathogen is a species of the genus *Laminaria*.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the plant pathogen is *Pseudomonas beanus* rust.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the useful plant is wheat.

12. The method according to claim 7 or claim 11, wherein the plant pathogen is a species of the genus *Stenophyllaria*.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the plant pathogen is a cryptic rust fungus.

14. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein components (A) and (B) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 are applied sequentially.

15. Use of a composition comprising component (A) and component (B) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 as a fungicide.

16. A method for protecting plant-derived and / or animal-derived natural substances and / or their processed forms derived from their natural life cycle, the method comprising applying to the plant-derived and / or animal-derived natural substances or their processed forms a combination of components (A) and (B) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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