Ganoderma lucidum spore powder high-quality and high-yield cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield ganoderma lucidum spore powder cultivation method, which relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, is suitable for shelf type spore production harvesting, and comprises the following steps: pushing a shelf unit into or covering a micro-negative pressure spore collection cabin, installing a sealed collection box in an air brake transition cabin, enabling a collection belt to be in place, and filtering and pre-operating a circulating air path; micro negative pressure in the cabin is established, one-way laminar flow is formed through top flow equalization, and a dew point safety window is controlled; spore powder is guided and settled on a collecting belt under the action of one-way laminar flow, and the collecting belt is wound into a sealed collecting box in a step-by-step section changing mode and is fully loaded and closed through an air brake transition bin for box changing; and carrying out load reduction shutdown according to an ending criterion, sealing, taking the box, cleaning and resetting. The method reduces escape and resuspension of spore powder, inhibits moisture adhesion and caking, realizes continuous segmented collection and batch consistency, reduces cross contamination and cleaning burden caused by cabin opening brushing, and is convenient for large-scale stable repeated implementation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. Background Technology

[0002] The industrial production of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder generally takes place in a three-dimensional shelf system in cultivation greenhouses or cultivation rooms. After the fruiting bodies enter the ejection process, a large number of mycelium sticks / logs will continuously release spores of micron size to obtain spore powder that meets the raw material quality requirements. It is necessary to maintain appropriate temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions in a long ejection window, and complete harvesting, temporary storage and batch switching in the same space. GB / T29344-2023 puts forward the standard for hygiene control in the harvesting and processing of spore powder.

[0003] In existing technologies, CN1869201B utilizes a collection plate and collection cylinder to partially cover and collect spores from individual fruiting bodies; CN101050428A uses a thin-film material to enclose the culture rack, forming a closed space with an internal bed plate to collect spores; CN104025810A proposes a collection system combining upper air intake, cyclone separation, and lower air blowing; CN205213466U et al. propose a mobile collector using suction head, cyclone separation, and filtration; and CN111788996A proposes using an inner / outer membrane to cover the spores in the container. These solutions can be used for spore harvesting under different conditions, but in large-scale continuous operations, recovery, cleaning, and handling procedures also need to be considered.

[0004] In the aforementioned harvesting scenarios involving concentrated shelving and personnel movement, spore powder, due to its small particle size, easily forms aerosols with airflow, moving and depositing within the space, remaining on shelves, walls, floors, and equipment. Harvesting actions (opening covers, removing boards, brushing, and transferring) or ventilation disturbances can cause resuspension, further mixing the spore powder with dust, culture medium debris, and microbial particles. For partial covering or bed-supported methods, the harvesting end generally requires opening the enclosure space for scraping / transferring, and airflow disturbances during movement can easily lead to dust escape and batch cross-contamination. For suction / extraction methods, continuous operation is often required during the ejection period, with pipelines and filter units for transport and retention. Powder adhesion and accumulation on pipe walls, bends, and filter media surfaces can increase maintenance frequency, fluctuate effective airflow, and make cleaning verification more difficult. In greenhouses with high humidity and temperature differences, spore powder easily absorbs moisture, clumps, adheres, and clogs, leading to downtime for cleaning and secondary dust generation.

[0005] If the above processes are not properly controlled, it may lead to a decrease in recyclable yield, an increase in the risk of impurities and microorganisms, an increase in personnel dust exposure, and difficulty in consistently meeting the hygiene and batch consistency requirements of standardized harvesting.

[0006] Therefore, the current technical challenge is that in the process of large-scale shelf cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder by ejection, the existing harvesting and transportation methods are difficult to achieve high-proportion, stable collection and dust escape / resuspension inhibition at the same time. Moreover, the maintenance downtime and cleaning burden caused by impurities and cross-contamination, moisture adhesion and clogging powder accumulation are still difficult to coordinate. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. This method involves establishing a slightly negative pressure chamber, creating unidirectional laminar flow at the top, and controlling the dew point safety window. Under the influence of this unidirectional laminar flow, the spore powder is guided and settles onto a collection belt. The collection belt is then stepped and wound into sealed collection boxes. At full load, the collection box is sealed and replaced via an airlock transition chamber. The machine is then stopped by unloading according to the termination criteria, and the boxes are sealed, removed, cleaned, and reset. This method reduces spore powder escape and resuspension, inhibits moisture adhesion and clumping, achieves continuous segmented collection and batch consistency, and reduces cross-contamination and cleaning burden caused by opening the chamber for brushing. It solves the technical problems described in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder includes: pushing or covering a shelf unit containing Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies into a micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber / cover and sealing it; installing a sealed collection box in the airlock transition chamber and positioning the collection belt; starting the circulating air filtration and pre-running at low speed. The pressure inside the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber is controlled to a micro-negative pressure state, and the top uniform air supply forms a unidirectional laminar flow. The dew point temperature and the surface temperature of the collection area where the collection belt is located are controlled to meet the dew point safety window. Under the action of unidirectional laminar flow, the spores are guided to the collection area and settled in the collection belt. The collection belt is stepped and changed according to the set trigger and rolled into the sealed collection box. When the sealed collection box is full, it is sealed and changed through the airlock transition chamber. According to the termination criteria, the load is reduced and the machine is stopped, and the collection belt stepping is stopped. The sealed collection box is taken out after being sealed by the airlock transition chamber, and the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber and the circulating air path are cleaned and reset.

[0009] Furthermore, after installing the sealed collection box in the airlock transition chamber and confirming the interlock between the inner and outer doors, the collection belt is inspected to ensure that the grounding terminal of the collection belt is reliably connected and that the initial flattened length is not less than 90% of the length of the collection area. Then, the pre-filter and medium-efficiency filter in the circulating air path are started to run at low speed for 1 to 5 minutes, so that the pre-run air speed is 0.03 m / s to 0.08 m / s.

[0010] Furthermore, the induced draft fan and circulating fan are started to enter closed-loop control, stabilizing the pressure in the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber at -5 Pa to -30 Pa, and adjusting the top uniform air supply to a unidirectional laminar flow of 0.05 m / s to 0.20 m / s. At the same time, the circulation ratio is set to 70% to 95% and the make-up air ratio is set to 5% to 30%.

[0011] Furthermore, the dew point temperature is calculated based on the temperature and relative humidity inside the enclosure, and the surface temperature in the collection area is collected and the lowest value is taken as the surface temperature of the collection area, so that the dew point temperature is 2 to 5 degrees Celsius lower than the surface temperature of the collection area. The dew point safety window is maintained through micro-dehumidification and heat preservation heating, and the relative humidity inside the enclosure is controlled at 70% to 85%.

[0012] Furthermore, the collection belt is triggered by a timed step-by-step change, with a step cycle of 0.5 hours to 4 hours and a single step length of 50 mm to 300 mm. The collected belt after stepping is continuously wound into the sealed collection box. When the sealed collection box reaches the preset capacity, the collection belt continues to step-by-step change after being sealed and changed through the airlock transition chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, a particle concentration signal C is obtained using a particle sensor, and a first threshold C1 is set to 20% to 50% of the peak value of the particle concentration signal C, and a second threshold C2 is set to 5% to 20% of the peak value. When the particle concentration signal C is higher than the first threshold C1 for 10 to 60 minutes, the current segment change is maintained. When the particle concentration signal C is lower than the second threshold C2 for 20 to 90 minutes, a step-by-step segment change of the collection belt is performed.

[0014] Furthermore, when the sealed collection box is fully loaded and the box is replaced through the airlock transition chamber, the following steps are performed in sequence: closing the inner door, evacuating the air to maintain a slight negative pressure in the transition chamber for 10 to 60 seconds, opening the outer door to remove the sealed collection box and insert an empty box, closing the outer door and balancing the pressure between the airlock transition chamber and the slight negative pressure spore collection chamber, and opening the inner door.

[0015] Furthermore, monitor the filtration pressure difference of the circulating air path. When the filtration pressure difference reaches 800 Pa to 1500 Pa, replace the pre-filter and medium-efficiency filter, and perform pulse backflushing in the pre-filtration section before the exhaust HEPA filter. The backflushing pressure is 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa and the pulse width is 50 ms to 200 ms.

[0016] Furthermore, when the cumulative operation time is 24 to 72 hours and the particle concentration signal C is 5% to 20% below the peak value for 6 to 12 consecutive hours, the machine will enter a load reduction shutdown. During load reduction, the collecting belt stepping will be stopped first and the induced draft and circulation will be maintained at a low speed for 2 to 5 minutes. Then, the top air supply and induced draft will be turned off in sequence and the sealed collecting box will be taken out through the airlock transition chamber.

[0017] Furthermore, batch cleaning and reset includes running the filter with low-speed circulating air for 3 to 10 minutes with the door closed, replacing the primary and secondary filters, then wiping the inner wall of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber and the removable parts of the collection area with food-grade disinfectant and drying with low dew point air for 10 to 30 minutes, and sealing the collection box according to the batch number to record traceability information.

[0018] This invention provides a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which has the following beneficial effects: By placing the shelving unit within a micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber and establishing a sealed chamber with pre-running circulating air filtration, a complete isolation boundary is formed between the harvesting space and the outside world. The spore release process is determined by the airflow within the chamber rather than by random convection within the shed, reducing the entry of external dust sources and the escape of spores. This also provides repeatable initial conditions for continuous harvesting. Simultaneously, the establishment of micro-negative pressure constraint, top uniform flow forming unidirectional laminar flow, and dew point safety window ensure that the spore migration direction within the chamber is fixed towards the collection area, and condensation does not occur on the surface of the collection zone. This reduces disordered deposition and resuspension of spores on the walls and corners, inhibits unstable phenomena such as spore clumping and local blockage caused by moisture, and makes the harvesting window stable and controllable.

[0019] The spores are guided to settle into the collection belt by unidirectional laminar flow, and then continuously rolled into the sealed collection box by step-by-step switching of the collection belt. This transforms the spores from a spatial aerosol state to a sealable solid-phase receiving state. Materials from different time periods are managed in segments within the same harvesting cycle, avoiding disturbance and cross-contamination caused by manual opening of the chamber for brushing or handling, and forming a material flow path that is well connected with the post-processing process.

[0020] When the sealed collection box is full, it is sealed and replaced via an airlock transition chamber while maintaining door sequence interlocking. Box replacement and retrieval do not require opening the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber, isolating the main harvesting chamber from personnel and preventing dust dispersion and outside air re-entry during box replacement. The micro-negative pressure minimizes pressure fluctuations on the settling layer within the chamber, improving the stability and hygiene control of continuous operations. By monitoring the circulating airflow filtration status and maintaining the filter media as needed, the airflow organization and micro-negative pressure boundary within the chamber do not drift due to accumulated filtration load. This maintains a unidirectional laminar flow constrained settling path throughout the harvesting cycle, reducing uncertainties such as local backflow, settling position shift, and resuspension of deposited powder caused by airflow attenuation, ensuring consistent collection conditions between the collection belt and the sealed collection box. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, comprising, Step 1: Introduce the shelf unit in the spore-producing period into the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber and form a stable sealed boundary, so that a controllable airflow and a closed transfer path can be established under the same boundary conditions.

[0024] In greenhouses or cultivation rooms with shelving units, spores migrate as aerosols with airflow and deposit on walls, floors, and equipment surfaces. Personnel entering and exiting, door curtain swaying, or fan starting and stopping can all cause resuspension. If the airtight boundary of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber is not formed or if there are leakage channels at the boundary, external dust sources will enter the spore collection space under the pressure difference. The released spores may also escape along the gaps and cause secondary pollution in the external area. At the same time, leakage will force an increase in the airflow to maintain the pressure difference, further aggravating internal disturbance and deposition resuspension.

[0025] Therefore, it is necessary to construct the shelf unit-micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber into a repeatable closed boundary during the pre-harvest treatment stage, and reserve flow equalization gaps and collection area space for subsequent unidirectional laminar flow on a structural scale.

[0026] The process follows a single-chain sequence: cleaning the interface, positioning the gaps, tightening the seal, and finally verifying the boundaries. Interface cleaning and shelf unit positioning can be performed in parallel, but sealing and boundary verification must be completed before pre-running to prevent leakage of residual floating dust before it is filtered and trapped. To ensure the uniformity of subsequent airflow, the relative positions of the shelf units within the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber need to be defined as reproducible geometric relationships, especially the gap between the top of the shelf and the top flow equalization area, the gap between the bottom of the shelf and the collection area, and the width of the lateral maintenance passage. Simultaneously, the compression of the sealing skirt determines the equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the leakage channel, which is a sensitive variable and needs to be stabilized through mechanical locking and compression verification.

[0027] When using a push-in arrangement, first set a guide rail and a limiting block on the base of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber, so that the shelf unit can be pushed forward along the guide rail and stop at the limiting block; when using an in-situ cover arrangement, first lower the cover of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber along the outer contour of the shelf to the positioning hole of the base, so that the cover and the positioning pin of the base can be properly engaged.

[0028] Subsequently, the height of the shelf unit is checked based on the collection area, so that a collection area gap of 30 mm to 80 mm is formed between the lowest crossbeam at the bottom of the shelf and the working plane of the collection belt, and a flow equalization gap of 80 mm to 150 mm is formed between the top cap plane of the highest layer of the shelf and the top flow equalization plate. The above gaps are measured at both ends with a steel ruler or feeler gauge, and the allowable deviation is no more than ±5 mm, so as to ensure that the cross-sectional change of the subsequent airflow channel is controllable and that no local high-speed jet is introduced.

[0029] After positioning, the contact surface of the sealing skirt is wiped with a 70% to 75% (v / v) ethanol aqueous solution. After wiping, the surface is left to stand at 20 to 25 degrees Celsius for 3 to 8 minutes until no visible liquid film remains. The hatch is then closed and the sealing skirt is tightened. The door locking mechanism maintains the compression of the sealing skirt at 15% to 35% of its original thickness. The compression is measured by reading the scale window of the preset limit block or by converting the change in door gap measured with a feeler gauge. This tightening method ensures continuous circumferential contact of the sealing skirt, thereby reducing through-leakage channels formed along door gaps and uneven ground, and providing a stable boundary for subsequent establishment of a micro-negative pressure.

[0030] After the sealing skirt is tightened, boundary verification is performed using the differential pressure sensor integrated into the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber. The differential pressure sensor is a transmitter with a range of -100 Pa to 100 Pa and an indication error not exceeding ±0.5 Pa. The installation point is chosen in the middle of the chamber, near the side wall, to avoid areas with the highest local wind speeds. The differential pressure transmitter is calibrated at two points using a micro-manometer before the start of each production season, with calibration points at 0 Pa and -20 Pa. During verification, the circulating fan or induced draft fan is run at low speed for 30 to 90 seconds to bring the internal pressure difference to -10 Pa to -20 Pa and stabilize for more than 5 seconds. Then, the fan is stopped and a 60-second timer is started, recording the pressure difference rise. If the pressure difference rise does not exceed 5 Pa within 60 seconds, the seal integrity is considered to meet the pre-operation requirements; otherwise, the process is repeated to re-check the sealing skirt compression, door lock position, and the fit between the cover and the base. This pressure criterion prevents leakage problems from surfacing during subsequent continuous operation, thereby reducing particulate contamination and downtime caused by temporary glue repairs or repeated disassembly and reassembly.

[0031] During use, the three-dimensional clearance of the shelf unit is limited and the sealing skirt is compressed in a controlled manner, so that the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber obtains a stable geometric boundary and leakage equivalent cross-sectional area; then, the leakage is exposed in a short time by the pressure holding criterion and returned to assembly correction, so that the airflow organization in the pre-operation stage can complete the particle interception preparation within the closed boundary.

[0032] Furthermore, the collection belt, sealed collection box, airlock transition chamber, and filter air path are connected in series to form a closed collection link. The residual floating dust in the chamber is removed by low-speed pre-run without causing significant resuspension, while the surface condition and electrostatic condition of the collection belt are pre-adjusted.

[0033] In the actual scenario of continuous batch harvesting, the spore powder and culture medium debris remaining in the chamber from the previous batch will become the source of impurities for the next batch. At the same time, if the collection belt is oily, damp, or has static charge, it will cause the spore powder to adhere strongly in a local area, clump together, or be shaken off again during subsequent winding, thereby increasing the dust load when the airlock is opened and closed.

[0034] Current methods, primarily relying on bed board support or manual scraping, typically depend on opening the cover to collect dust. However, the airflow disturbance during cover opening amplifies the aforementioned residue and resuspension issues. Therefore, before harvesting, it is necessary to position the sealed collection box within the airlock transition chamber and, under the sealed state of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber, controllably prepare the surface and electrostatic conditions of the collection belt. Then, a low-speed airflow is used to send the residual floating dust into the filtration section for interception, ensuring that historically residual particles are not drawn into the unidirectional laminar flow migration path during the subsequent second step.

[0035] The process follows a sequence: first, connecting the sealed transfer channel; second, adjusting the geometric and electrical boundaries of the collection belt; and finally, establishing low-speed circulation and filtration. The assembly of the sealed collection box and the threading and tensioning of the collection belt can be performed concurrently. However, the interlock verification of the airlock transition chamber must be completed after assembly and before pre-operation to ensure that the slight negative pressure generated during pre-operation does not directly connect to the outside environment through misoperation. During the pre-operation phase, air quality is maintained primarily through circulation, supplemented by make-up air. The make-up air valve opening is controlled between 0 and 10%, and the exhaust volume equals the make-up air volume to maintain a stable total air volume within the chamber. This logic ensures that pre-operation mainly serves the function of migrating internal particles to the filtration section and trapping them, without introducing new external particle loads.

[0036] First, install the sealed collection box on the collection box guide rail of the airlock transition chamber, so that the interface surface of the sealed collection box is coaxially fitted with the sealing ring of the collection belt roll-up end, and then lock it with quick-release clamps; the sealing ring material is silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 50 to 70 degrees, and the compression is controlled at 10% to 20% of its cross-sectional diameter to balance sealing performance and repeated installation and disassembly life.

[0037] Subsequently, the inner and outer doors of the airlock transition chamber were interlocked and tested. The interlocking method employed a dual restriction of mechanical interlocking and electrical limit switches. Specifically, the outer door latch could not be released if the inner door was not fully closed, and the inner door's unlocking solenoid was only energized when the outer door's limit switch signal was closed. This interlocking test was verified by manually pulling the door handles, requiring that neither door could be opened simultaneously with a single-handed force of up to 50 Newtons. After assembly, the equalizing valve connecting the transition chamber and the main cabin was briefly opened to ensure the pressure difference between the transition chamber and the main cabin was consistent for 10 to 30 seconds. The equalizing valve was then closed, and the inner door remained closed, ensuring that the transition chamber would not experience door gap suction due to pressure fluctuations during pre-operation. This docking and interlocking process ensured that the sealed collection box was ready to be sealed and removed at any time, while simultaneously cutting off the direct airflow between the outside and the main cabin.

[0038] After the sealed collection box is assembled, the collection belt is threaded and tensioned to ensure it forms a straight surface on the working plane of the collection area and avoids rubbing against the bottom structure of the shelf. The collection belt uses a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin layer structure with a thickness of 0.08 mm to 0.15 mm, and its surface resistivity is controlled at 10. 7 Euros per square meter up to 10 9 The grounding resistance is measured to be no more than 10 ohms per square meter, and a copper foil conductive strip is installed on the return side of the collection belt and connected to the grounding terminal. The grounding resistance is measured to be no more than 10 ohms using a grounding resistance tester.

[0039] To ensure that the initial coverage area of ​​the collection belt meets the continuous settlement requirements during pre-operation and step two, a geometric criterion for the initial flattening length ratio K is introduced, satisfying the following relationship: , Among them, the initial flattening length ratio K is used to characterize the coverage of the initial flattening length of the collection strip to the length of the collection area, and the value is not less than 0.90 and preferably not less than 0.95; Initial flattening length Use a steel tape measure to measure along the centerline of the collection belt. The starting point of the measurement is the entrance edge of the collection belt when it enters the collection area, and the ending point is the exit edge of the collection belt when it leaves the collection area.

[0040] Collection area length Use a steel tape measure to measure along the inside of the collection area's border.

[0041] After completing the geometric and electrical boundary tuning, the circulating fan is started to enter low-speed pre-run, so that the average wind speed in the collection area is maintained at 0.03 m / s to 0.08 m / s, preferably 0.05 m / s, and the pre-run time is maintained at 2 to 3 minutes. The wind speed is measured by taking a hot-wire anemometer calibrated in an environment of 20 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius, taking a point at each of the three sections of the collection area (front, middle and rear) and taking the arithmetic mean, with an allowable deviation of no more than ±10.

[0042] During the pre-operation period, the air supply valve is kept open between 0 and 10%, and the valve at the sealed collection box interface is kept closed. This allows residual floating dust in the chamber to migrate to the filter section and be intercepted under low-turbulence airflow. At the same time, the surface of the collection belt releases residual static charge under grounding conditions, reducing local strong adhesion and surface dust caused by static electricity when entering step two.

[0043] As an example: In a cultivation room, the shelf unit has a four-layer structure. The operator places the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber cover outside the shelf unit and aligns it with the base positioning pin. Then, the contact surface of the sealing skirt is wiped with an ethanol aqueous solution and the surface is allowed to dry. The chamber door is then closed, and the compression of the sealing skirt is controlled to 20% of its original thickness. After completion, the fan is used to briefly pressurize the chamber to a pressure difference of -15 Pa, and the fan is stopped for 60 seconds. If the pressure difference recovers to less than 5 Pa, the seal integrity is deemed to have passed. Subsequently, the operator installs the sealed collection box in the airlock transition chamber and completes the interlock test of the inner and outer doors. Then, the collection tape is threaded and connected to the grounding terminal. The grounding resistance is measured to be less than 10 ohms and the initial flattened length ratio K is greater than 0.95. Finally, the circulating fan is started and pre-run at an average wind speed of 0.05 m / s for 3 minutes. The pressure difference in the filtration section is stable and the number of visible floating particles in the chamber is less than before the pre-run. The micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber remains sealed and is ready to proceed to step two.

[0044] In use, by interlocking the airlock transition chamber, equalizing the pressure, and connecting and solidifying the sealed collection box into a reproducible closed transfer channel, the pre-run and subsequent box replacement processes do not require opening the main chamber. Furthermore, by coupling the geometric coverage and grounding boundary of the collection belt with the low-speed pre-run dust removal, the residual floating dust in the chamber is filtered and intercepted under low-disturbance conditions. At the same time, the surface of the collection belt is in a dry, rollable, and electrostatically controlled state. This ensures that the particle migration during the establishment of micro-negative pressure and unidirectional laminar flow in step two mainly comes from the release of the current batch of spores rather than historical residues, and the closed collection link is already in an executable state before entering the continuous harvesting stage.

[0045] Step 2: In the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber where the sealing integrity has been confirmed in Step 1, a reproducible pressure differential boundary is first formed. Then, without damaging the pressure differential boundary, the circulating air path and the make-up air channel are adjusted to provide a stable air volume and clean boundary for subsequent laminar flow velocity and dew point control.

[0046] During the sporulation period, the densely packed spores on the shelves are suspended as particles and migrate with air disturbances. If there is a lack of a stable pressure difference between the inside and outside of the spore collection chamber, bidirectional airflow will occur at the gaps in the chamber doors and the sealing skirt when the fan starts and stops, thus introducing external dust sources and causing spores to escape. The harvesting process also requires a certain amount of fresh air to maintain oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal. However, if the proportion of fresh air is too high, it will bring in dust particles and moisture load from inside the shed and amplify dew point fluctuations. If the proportion of fresh air is too low, moisture load will accumulate in the circulating air path and increase the risk of condensation. Therefore, it is necessary to use the pressure difference as the primary control variable to lock the airflow direction, and at the same time, use the circulation ratio and the makeup air ratio to limit the gas exchange boundary, so that the subsequent laminar flow and dew point criteria can be continuously established under the same boundary conditions.

[0047] The process should be executed in the following order: first differential pressure, then air volume, then make-up air, and finally verification. Differential pressure must be established before make-up air is opened to avoid the make-up air forming local positive pressure and spraying out when the differential pressure is not stable. The valve opening of the circulating air path and the make-up air channel is allowed to be iterated slightly after the differential pressure is stable, but after each iteration, it should be returned to the differential pressure set point for verification to ensure that the differential pressure boundary is not destroyed due to changes in air volume.

[0048] In practice, the operator first confirms that the pre-filter and medium-efficiency filter are installed in the correct direction and records the initial filtration pressure difference. Then, the induced draft fan is started at low speed to bring the pressure difference inside the chamber into the range of -5 Pa to -30 Pa, and the set point is brought to converge to -10 Pa to -20 Pa and maintained for no less than 2 minutes. Subsequently, the circulating fan is turned on and gradually increased to stabilize the circulation ratio at 70% to 95%, and the makeup air ratio is limited to 5% to 30% through the makeup air valve. After the boundary between circulation and makeup air is formed, the pressure difference is checked for drift using the pressure difference set point as the upper constraint. If the pressure difference deviates by more than ±2 Pa, it is corrected by fine-tuning the induced draft fan speed as the main method and fine-tuning the opening of the makeup air valve as a secondary method. The pressure difference and filtration pressure difference are checked again within 30 consecutive minutes.

[0049] The differential pressure inside the cabin is measured by a differential pressure transmitter with a range of -100 Pa to 100 Pa and an indication error of no more than ±0.5 Pa. The pressure taps are located on the side wall in the middle of the cabin and avoid the high-speed area below the top flow equalization plate. The differential pressure transmitter is calibrated at two points with a micromanometer before each harvest season, with the calibration points being 0 Pa and -20 Pa.

[0050] To standardize the sign and boundaries of differential pressure, intra-chamber differential pressure is introduced. Relationship: , Where: Internal static pressure The static pressure inside the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber is obtained from the pressure tap inside the differential pressure transmitter, controlling the pressure difference within the chamber corresponding to the target. Setting range: -5 Pa to -30 Pa; External static pressure The static pressure of the external environment of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber is obtained from the pressure tap on the outside of the differential pressure transmitter; the pressure difference inside the chamber... : A control quantity used to constrain airflow direction and mitigate escape risk, preferably set at -10 Pa to -20 Pa, with allowable fluctuations not exceeding ±2 Pa; The differential pressure stability criterion uses timed multi-point readings, requiring differential pressure within the chamber. Twelve consecutive readings within two minutes, with 10-second intervals between readings, fell within the allowable fluctuation range. This closed-loop and criterion ensured the reproducibility of the pressure differential boundary and maintained the cabin pressure differential even with subsequent increases in laminar flow velocity. As a constraint, positive pressure external spraying is avoided.

[0051] Among them, the circulating volumetric flow rate is introduced. Makeup air volumetric flow rate With total supply air volume flow rate And make it clear: , Circulating volumetric flow rate The air volume is measured at the cross-section of the straight pipe section at the outlet of the circulating fan using a Pitot tube or an air volume hood, and the unit is cubic meters per hour. Makeup air volumetric flow rate The air volume flow rate is directly measured at the air intake hood, and the unit is cubic meters per hour; total supply air volume flow rate. Circulating volumetric flow rate With make-up air volume flow rate Sum; Cyclic proportion The control target is 0.70 to 0.95, with a preferred range of 0.80 to 0.90; air makeup ratio The control target is 0.05 to 0.30, with a preferred value of 0.10 to 0.20.

[0052] The circulating air valve and the makeup air valve are graduated butterfly valves with their openings fixed by locking nuts to prevent drift caused by operational vibrations. A pre-filter is installed at the makeup air inlet before the air enters the chamber, and a medium-efficiency filter is connected in series in the circulating air path to stabilize the cleanliness of the circulating gas. When the circulation ratio is set to 80% to 90%, the input of external dust sources is reduced; when the makeup air ratio is set to 10% to 20%, oxygen supply and carbon dioxide discharge have a continuous channel. When the makeup air ratio needs to be adjusted to the 5% to 30% boundary on-site, the differential pressure closed-loop setpoint remains unchanged as the upper constraint. Airflow verification uses an airflow hood to measure the makeup air volumetric flow rate and a Pitot tube to measure the dynamic pressure at the circulating fan outlet section and convert it to airflow. Instrument zero-point calibration is performed before measurement. The filtration boundary uses the filtration differential pressure as a prerequisite: the sum of the initial filtration differential pressures of the pre-filter and the medium-efficiency filter should not exceed 150 Pa; if it does, the filter media must be replaced before proceeding to the next step.

[0053] During use, a pressure differential is established within the chamber. The differential pressure closed loop and stability criteria enable the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber to form a stable airflow direction constraint and reduce outflow and crossflow; by locking the circulation ratio, makeup air ratio and filtration boundary, the gas exchange in the chamber occurs within a controllable clean boundary, providing a stable air volume basis and pollutant boundary for subsequent laminar flow velocity setting and dew point safety window establishment.

[0054] Furthermore, a top-down unidirectional laminar flow is established within the pressure difference and air volume boundary, ensuring that the spore powder migration path is stably directed towards the collection area. At the same time, a dew point safety window is formed in the collection area and the circulating air path to avoid moisture absorption, clumping, adhesion, and blockage caused by condensation. This provides a dry and retractable powder state for the stepping of the collection belt and the airlock closure transfer in step three.

[0055] After ejection, spores are suspended in a particulate state, and their migration is affected by both gravitational settling and local turbulence. Within the resistance field formed by the shelf beams and caps, if there is jetting and backflow in the airflow, spores will form non-uniform deposits on the sidewalls and corners. Subsequently, under pressure fluctuations caused by fan adjustments or personnel movement, they will be resuspended and repeatedly deposited. Excessive laminar flow velocity will carry away culture medium debris and increase impurities, while insufficient velocity will cause spores to stagnate between layers and reduce migration efficiency towards the collection area. On the other hand, high humidity and diurnal temperature variations in the greenhouse will cause the metal surfaces of the collection belt support plates, guide rollers, or circulating air paths to fall below the air dew point temperature during cooling, forming a condensation film. This water film causes spores to absorb moisture, clump together, and adhere to the collection belt and roller surfaces, resulting in scattering during winding and increasing dust load during airlock opening and closing. Therefore, it is necessary to establish laminar flow velocity, flow uniformity deviation, and dew point criteria as coupling conditions within the same process chain, and use the spore production temperature and humidity window as a constraint for dew point control to avoid simply dehumidifying and disrupting the spore production process.

[0056] The process follows the sequence of first equalizing the flow, then fixing the velocity, then controlling the dew point, and finally verifying the results. Small iterations are allowed between wind speed, relative humidity, and dew point difference, but the previously set pressure difference boundary must not be breached during the iteration process.

[0057] The operator first checks the seal between the top flow equalization plate and the chamber to prevent high-speed short circuits from forming in the flow equalization plate bypass gaps; then, the operator maintains the pressure differential inside the chamber. With the setpoint unchanged, the frequency of the circulating fan is increased to create a measurable downward airflow at the top. Wind speed distribution is measured at the inlet, middle, and outlet of the collection area. When the maximum deviation of the average wind speed at these three locations does not exceed ±10, the system enters a constant speed phase, setting the laminar flow wind speed between 0.05 m / s and 0.20 m / s, preferably between 0.08 m / s and 0.15 m / s. After constant speed is achieved, dew point control is initiated. First, the temperature and humidity of the upper and lower parts of the chamber are read and the dew point temperature is calculated. Then, the lowest surface temperature of the collection area is measured, and it is determined whether the dew point difference meets the safety window requirement. If the dew point difference is insufficient, micro-dehumidification is activated to lower the dew point temperature. If micro-dehumidification lowers the relative humidity below 70%, the return air section is activated to restore the relative humidity, while maintaining the temperature between 26°C and 33°C, preferably between 28°C and 32°C. Finally, the pressure difference inside the chamber is checked during 30 minutes of continuous operation. The laminar flow velocity and dew point criteria are simultaneously satisfied, and the fan frequency and valve opening are recorded as the operating baseline for entering step three.

[0058] Laminar flow velocity was measured using a hot-wire anemometer with a range of 0 m / s to 1 m / s and an indication error not exceeding ±0.02 m / s. Zero-point calibration was performed in an environment of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius before measurement. The measurement location was selected at a height of 30 to 50 mm above the collection belt to reflect the effective wind speed before reaching the collection belt. Measurements were taken at three points (left, center, and right) at each location, and the arithmetic mean was calculated.

[0059] After the wind speed is set, the allowable deviation is controlled within ±10% of the set value. When the deviation exceeds the limit, the main adjustment is to fine-tune the frequency of the circulating fan, and the secondary adjustment is to fine-tune the opening of the circulating air valve. The pressure difference inside the chamber is checked after each adjustment. Whether it is still within the allowable fluctuation range; in order to reduce lateral backflow, a guide skirt is set below the top flow equalization plate so that the downward airflow continues to flow downward when it approaches the edge of the shelf.

[0060] Furthermore, dew point control is based on dew point temperature. With the lowest surface temperature of the collection area The difference is used as the criterion, where The temperature and humidity were calculated by temperature and humidity sensors with an accuracy of ±0.3 degrees Celsius and ±2 relative humidity. One sensor was placed in the upper part and one in the lower part of the cabin to capture stratification. The temperature was obtained from a platinum resistance thermometer attached to a support plate on the back of the collection tape. The platinum resistance thermometer used a four-wire connection and was calibrated at two points: an ice-water mixture and a 30°C constant temperature bath. A dew point difference was introduced to avoid condensation film. Criteria: , Where: dew point temperature Dew point temperature: Characterized by the temperature at which air reaches saturation; the control objective is to achieve the desired dew point temperature. Below the lowest surface temperature of the collection area ; Minimum surface temperature of the collection area : Characterizes the surface temperature in the collection zone where condensation most easily occurs; values ​​are measured using a platinum resistance thermometer; dew point difference. : A safety margin used to compensate for sensor errors and transient fluctuations; the value ranges from 2 degrees Celsius to 5 degrees Celsius, preferably 3 degrees Celsius.

[0061] When the temperature inside the enclosure is between 0 and 60 degrees Celsius, the dew point temperature Calculated in Magnus form: , Ambient temperature T: Measured by a temperature sensor, in degrees Celsius, with a control window of 26°C to 33°C, preferably 28°C to 32°C; Relative humidity RH: Measured by a humidity sensor, in percentages, with a control window of 70% to 85%, preferably 72% to 78%. Constant : Take 17.62; constant Take 243.12; intermediate quantity A dimensionless quantity used to map temperature and humidity to dew point temperature; dew point temperature : The calculated dew point temperature, in degrees Celsius.

[0062] When the criteria are not met, the micro-dehumidification unit is activated first to process the return air in the circulating air path, lowering the return air dew point temperature while maintaining a constant makeup air ratio to reduce external humidity and heat disturbances. When micro-dehumidification causes the relative humidity to fall below 70%, a humidifier is activated in the return air section of the circulating air path to replenish water, and the humidifier spray particle size is controlled between 10 and 30 micrometers to reduce droplets entering the collection area. By prioritizing dehumidification followed by humidification, the dew point safety window is satisfied first, while maintaining a relative humidity of 70% to 85% and a temperature of 26 to 33 degrees Celsius within the sporulation window.

[0063] Median droplet volume in spray particle size The measurement method is given: median droplet volume diameter. : The droplet size ranges from 10 to 30 micrometers; Droplet size determination: Laser diffraction is used to measure droplets at a distance of 200 mm from the spray outlet, with an ambient temperature of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius; Humidifier type: Ultrasonic atomizing humidifier or two-fluid nozzle is preferred; When using a two-fluid nozzle, the combined parameters of the nozzle's water supply pressure and air supply pressure are adjusted. It falls into the above window.

[0064] As an example: After completing step one and passing the pressure maintenance criterion, the operator increases the frequency of the induced draft fan to 25 Hz, stabilizing the pressure difference inside the chamber at -15 Pa and ensuring the reading fluctuation does not exceed ±2 Pa. Then, the operator turns on the circulating fan, setting the circulation ratio to 85% and the makeup air ratio to 15%, and confirms that the sum of the initial filtration pressure differences of the primary and secondary filters is less than 150 Pa. Using a hot-wire anemometer, the operator measures the laminar flow velocity at the inlet, middle, and outlet of the collection area to be between 0.10 m / s and 0.11 m / s. After meeting the flow uniformity deviation requirement, the operator locks the opening of the circulating air valve. Subsequently, the operator reads the temperature and humidity and calculates the dew point temperature. If the dew point difference is insufficient, the micro-dehumidification unit is activated to achieve a dew point difference of 3 degrees Celsius and maintain the temperature inside the chamber at 30 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity at 75%. Under these operating conditions, there is no visible water film on the surface of the collection belt, no condensation on the guide rollers, and spore powder is deposited on the collection belt in dry powder form. No dust is observed drifting in the outer area of ​​the airlock transition chamber.

[0065] During use, laminar flow velocity and flow uniformity deviation are limited to measurable and verifiable process conditions to align the spore migration path and deposition location with the collection area and reduce backflow deposition; by using dew point temperature Minimum surface temperature of the collection area Difference from dew point Establishing a dew point safety window in conjunction with the spore-forming temperature and humidity window ensures the collection belt remains dry and retractable, reducing adhesion and clumping caused by condensation. This, in turn, forms a triple constraint of pressure difference boundary, laminar flow boundary, and dew point boundary. This allows step three to continue the collection belt stepping and airlock sealing of the spore-forming chamber without opening the micro-negative pressure chamber, and keeps the dust load within a controllable range during batch switching.

[0066] Step 3: Receive the internal pressure difference formed in Step 2 Laminar flow velocity and dew point temperature The safety window allows spores to migrate from the gas phase inside the chamber to the collection zone in the collection area and form a continuous settling layer. At the same time, it limits the flatness, tension and electrostatic state of the zone surface to prevent the settling layer from shaking off, scattering or sticking together during subsequent steps and box changes.

[0067] The resistance difference between the crossbeams and the cap within the shelving unit can lead to spore powder repeated deposition and resuspension in localized reflux zones if the settling interface is unstable. This results in uneven powder layer thickness and edge curling on the collection belt. Resuspension also carries deposited powder into the upper space, increasing impurity contamination and dust load in the airlock transition chamber. Simultaneously, the presence of damp spots, oil stains, or electrostatic adsorption points on the collection belt can cause spore powder to form adhesion nuclei on the belt surface and be pulled into clumps at the roll-up end, leading to secondary dust generation near the roll-up end. Therefore, the collection belt needs to be tuned as a solid-phase receiving interface to ensure continuous transfer of the gaseous particles to the solid-phase settling layer within a defined flow field.

[0068] Entry conditions are based on the internal pressure differential in step two. The pressure should be maintained at -10 Pa to -20 Pa, and the laminar air velocity should be maintained at 0.08 m / s to 0.15 m / s, meeting the dew point criterion. The belt surface adjustment should be completed before the spores enter the collection area to avoid powder dislodging caused by tension adjustments during settling. During settling operation, the collection belt should be kept stationary, maintaining only the wind field and dew point boundary, allowing the powder layer to accumulate naturally on the belt surface. When inspection or handling of abnormalities is required, the laminar air velocity should be switched to a transitional velocity while maintaining the internal pressure differential. Without changing anything, external operations are then performed to confine the disturbance to the outside of the airlock transition chamber and prevent it from entering the collection area.

[0069] To ensure that the shear strength of the settling layer is consistent with the water content, the observation cycle of the settling operation is further limited. Every 2 to 4 hours, the observation window is used to confirm that there is no visible water film on the surface of the collection zone, no strip-like adhesion, and that the edge of the settling layer has not lifted. If edge lifting or local clumping is found, the process is to return to step two to check the dew point difference and laminar flow uniformity deviation. After stabilization is restored, the settling operation is restarted instead of directly scraping the sediment in the chamber to avoid resuspension caused by human disturbance.

[0070] The deflection of the collection belt along its length in the collection area is measured with a ruler and controlled to be within 3 mm. The tensioning mechanism uses screw tensioning or counterweight tensioning, with tension force applied. The tension was measured and controlled between 10 and 40 Newtons on the return side using a spring scale. Below the lower limit, the belt surface will experience slight bulging under laminar flow and cause the edge of the settlement layer to roll up, affecting belt tension. Exceeding the upper limit will increase frictional heat generation on the guide rollers and amplify the minimum surface temperature of the collection area. Fluctuations in the dew point can interfere with the safety window for the dew point.

[0071] Furthermore, the collector strip's grounding terminal is connected to the grounding busbar, and the grounding resistance, measured with a grounding resistance tester, is no more than 10 ohms; the surface resistivity of the collector strip is measured with a surface resistivity tester and controlled within 10 ohms. 7 Euros per square meter up to 10 9 Euros per square meter. For surface cleaning, use an ethanol aqueous solution with a volume fraction of 70 to 75% to wipe. After wiping, let it stand outside the chamber for 3 to 8 minutes to ensure that there is no visible liquid film on the surface. When the relative humidity inside the chamber is higher than 80%, switch to blowing with low dew point dry air for 30 to 90 seconds before entering the chamber.

[0072] In use, the collection belt forms a smooth, dry and electrostatically controlled settling interface within the pressure difference and laminar flow boundary in step two, allowing the spore powder to continuously settle into a rollable powder layer.

[0073] Furthermore, based on the formed settlement layer, the collection belt is advanced in a low-disturbance manner to achieve segmented collection, and the sealed collection box is replaced through an airlock transition chamber, while filtering pressure differentials. Limit airflow fluctuations to ensure that stepping and box changing do not disrupt the pressure differential inside the chamber. Laminar boundary.

[0074] The sporulation period is long and the release intensity fluctuates. If not collected in segments, material from different time windows will accumulate in the sealed collection box, causing compaction and frictional heating at the roll-up end. If the dust is removed by opening the chamber or disassembling the collection box inside the chamber, airflow disturbances will cause the settling layer to fall and the suspended powder to redistribute. On the other hand, dust accumulation in the filtration section will increase the filtration pressure difference. The rise in airflow leads to a decrease in circulating air volume, which in turn causes the laminar flow velocity to deviate from the set value and induces local backflow. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the stepping-box changing-filter maintenance into the same cycle chain to avoid performing high-disturbance actions when the resistance is unstable.

[0075] The default time-triggered rhythm means the collection belt advances once every 0.5 to 4 hours, with a single step length of... The particle size ranges from 50 mm to 300 mm, preferably from 100 mm to 200 mm; when finer segmentation with varying release intensity is required, a particle concentration signal is introduced. Assisted triggering, setting the first threshold With the second threshold Set as peak signal respectively 20 to 50 and 5 to 20, and the duration Set to 10 to 60 minutes, duration Set the time to 20 to 90 minutes to suppress noise.

[0076] Each step first enters a transition mode, reducing the laminar flow velocity to 0.05 m / s to 0.08 m / s, and the internal pressure difference... The process remains unchanged. After the suspended powder in the collection area descends, the stepper motor is turned on to propel the air. After propulsion is completed, the transition wind speed is maintained for 30 to 90 seconds before the laminar flow baseline is restored.

[0077] Define signal type and baseline: Particle concentration signal The light scattering particle sensor outputs a unit-time count value or equivalent voltage value; after the low-speed pre-run in step one, the average value over 3 consecutive minutes is selected as the particle concentration baseline. Define the particle concentration signal after baseline subtraction. : , Particle concentration baseline Used to subtract background dust and sensor zero-point drift. Particle concentration signal. : The relative concentration signal used to trigger step and end judgment. The unit can be count per minute or millivolt, but the instruction manual must specify a fixed output format and keep it consistent.

[0078] Define peak signal The defined window: within the first 2 hours after the start of step 3, samples are obtained at 1-minute intervals. The maximum value is defined as the peak signal. If a higher value is obtained after step three has run for more than 2 hours, an update is allowed. This represents the maximum value so far, but the threshold is updated synchronously after each update. Define the duration. , The statistical approach is to use a 5-minute moving average as the input for judgment to avoid triggering false actions by instantaneous spikes.

[0079] During the step transition operation, the frequency of the circulating fan and the induced draft fan are only allowed to be adjusted slightly in conjunction, with the goal of maintaining the pressure difference inside the chamber. The transition wind speed should remain constant and stabilized within the set range; the duration of the transition condition should not exceed 5 minutes to avoid prolonged low wind speeds causing spores to remain between shelves. (Regarding the step length...) The execution error is limited to ±2 mm using an encoder closed-loop control, and the allowable drift for the stepping cycle is limited to ±10 mm to ensure traceability of the segmented window and reduce powder shedding caused by instantaneous acceleration at the winding tip. The stepping action allows for one repeated reset correction, but the pressure difference inside the chamber is checked after each correction. With filtration pressure difference Is it within the permitted range?

[0080] The replacement of the sealed collection box is triggered when the winding length or weight reaches the preset capacity. The replacement sequence is fixed as follows: inner door closed, transition chamber evacuated to maintain a slight negative pressure, outer door opened for replacement, outer door closed, pressure equalization between the transition chamber and the main chamber, inner door opened to restore the winding channel, and filtration pressure differential continuously monitored throughout the replacement process. The stepping cycle setting is limited by both the available volume of the sealed collection box and the frequency of box replacement. Specifically, during the first 6 hours of operation, the powder collection rate is set at a certain amount per unit time. The trend estimate determines the number of steps that can be covered by a single box change, and the stepping cycle is fine-tuned to ensure that the box change interval is not less than 8 hours and not more than 24 hours. This fine-tuning is only allowed after the stepping transition condition is completed, and after each fine-tuning, the laminar flow velocity must be checked to return to the baseline and maintained for more than 10 minutes before proceeding to the next step, in order to avoid frequent adjustments causing sudden changes in the morphology of the settlement layer.

[0081] The removed sealed collection box should be immediately locked with quick-release clamps on the outside of the airlock transition chamber and a batch label should be affixed. The batch label should at least include the box replacement time and shelf number to facilitate material management according to time windows during subsequent drying, screening, and cell disruption processes. This sealing operation should be performed after the outer door is closed to avoid interfering with the pressure balance and internal pressure differential of the transition chamber. The recovery.

[0082] Step length Recorded by a stepper motor and an incremental encoder, with an encoder resolution of no less than 1 mm; powder collection amount per unit time The weight is obtained by weighing from the sealed collection box using a shear beam load cell with a range of 0 kg to 10 kg, a scale division of no more than 1 gram, and an indication error of no more than 2 grams. The weighing installation employs vibration-damping pads and mechanical limit switches to prevent zero-point drift caused by impacts during box replacement. The amount of powder collected per unit time is also considered. The formula for calculation is: , Where: mass change : using weighing mass signal In time With time Calculation of the difference The unit is grams, and Time interval : Use 60 to 180 minutes, preferably 120 minutes, to stably estimate the average powder collection rate; powder collection amount per unit time The unit is grams per hour, which serves as an auxiliary criterion for termination and transition during low-throughput phases.

[0083] The inner and outer doors of the airlock transition chamber are dually restricted by mechanical interlocks and limit switches, with the outer door opening time controlled between 30 and 120 seconds; air extraction and pressure equalization of the transition chamber are based on the internal pressure difference. As a constraint imposed by the higher authority, only when the internal pressure difference is... The inner door may only be opened when the pressure fluctuation returns to within ±2 Pa of the allowable range. (Filter pressure differential) Measured by a differential pressure transmitter, with a range of 0 Pa to 2000 Pa and an indication error not exceeding ±5 Pa, when filtering differential pressure. When the pressure reaches 800 Pa to 1500 Pa, it is preferable to replace the filter media or backflush the pre-filter under the step transition condition after completing one filter change; the backflushing air source pressure is controlled at 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa and the pulse width is 50 ms to 200 ms, so as to avoid backflow caused by sudden resistance changes at the laminar flow baseline.

[0084] As an example: within a four-tiered shelving unit, step two involves adjusting the internal pressure differential. The pressure was set to -15 Pa and stabilized, the laminar flow velocity was set to 0.12 m / s, and the dew point criterion was met. Below the lowest surface temperature of the collection area 3 degrees Celsius.

[0085] The operator first applies tension to the belt. Adjust to 25 N and confirm that the belt deflection is less than 3 mm. Then keep the collection belt stationary for 6 hours until a continuous powder layer forms on the belt surface without any sticky streaks. After entering the stepping stage, the operator advances the stepping length at a 1.5-hour interval. The laminar flow velocity is set at 150 mm, and before each propulsion, the laminar flow velocity is reduced to 0.06 m / s and maintained for 60 seconds. After propulsion, the transition velocity is maintained for 60 seconds before restoring the laminar flow baseline. During operation, when the sealed collection box reaches the preset capacity, the operator completes the airlock replacement according to the door sequence and immediately seals the removed sealed collection box. After replacement, the filtration pressure difference is... When the filter media is close to the threshold, the filter media replacement is completed under the transition condition; during the entire process, no visible dust falls on the ground outside the airlock transition chamber, and no powder compaction or agglomeration occurs at the end of the collection belt roll.

[0086] Filtration pressure difference Decomposed into pre-filter pressure differential With high-efficiency filtration pressure difference Pre-filtration pressure difference This refers to the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the filtration section containing the pre-filter and medium-efficiency filter. The maintenance threshold is 800 Pa to 1500 Pa, preferably 1000 Pa to 1200 Pa, and pulse backflushing or filter media replacement can be configured; high-efficiency filtration pressure difference. This refers to the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the HEPA filter. The maintenance threshold is 400 Pa to 800 Pa, preferably 500 Pa to 650 Pa, with replacement as the primary method and pulse backflushing not being used.

[0087] When using it, by adjusting the step length Powder collection per unit time This creates a reproducible time limit and achieves this by switching the airlock cartridge with the filter pressure difference. Maintenance is fixed within the same low-disturbance window to ensure that stepping and box changing do not disrupt the internal pressure differential. In conjunction with the laminar flow boundary, and within the dew point safety window, the spore powder settles, is entrained, and sealed for transfer in a dry powder state, thus providing a low-residue, easily cleanable material state basis for the end determination and cleaning reset in step four.

[0088] Step 4: During continuous harvesting in Step 3, some spores in the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber are deposited in the collection zone, while others enter the filtration section as suspended powder. If the timing and sequence of shutdown are not restricted, two deviations are likely to occur: either the release continues while shutdown is premature, or the release has diminished but high airflow continues for an extended period. The former causes the deposited and suspended powder to diffuse under uncontrolled airflow, forming batch residues; the latter causes the filtration load and filtration pressure difference to rise continuously, leading to airflow fluctuations. If the shutdown action causes a rapid rebound in the chamber pressure difference, it may also induce the settling layer to shake off and escape. Therefore, a reproducible termination criterion is used to determine the shutdown timing, and a sequence of unloading-cleaning-shutting down is used to maintain the continuous establishment of the closed boundary of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber.

[0089] The process involves determining entry conditions, implementing load reduction, removing suspended powder, and sequentially shutting down for continuous operation. Entry conditions are determined using cumulative operating time as a boundary, and a particle concentration signal is also incorporated. Or the amount of powder collected per unit time As evidence of release attenuation.

[0090] The operator records the start time when the operating baseline is stabilized in step three, and sets the cumulative operating time to 24 to 72 hours. When the cumulative operating time reaches the lower limit of the preset window, the end observation window is activated. For 6 to 12 consecutive hours, the circulation ratio, make-up air ratio, and dew point control set in step two are kept unchanged, and the particle concentration signal is recorded at 15-minute intervals. Or the amount of powder collected per unit time The trend.

[0091] When particle concentration signal Continuously below 5% to 20% of the peak value, or the amount of powder collected per unit time. When the concentration continuously falls below 0.5 to 2 grams per hour, the load reduction process begins. If any criterion is not met within the end observation window, the baseline from step three is maintained and collection continues, with the end observation window updated every 4 hours until the criterion is met before proceeding with the load reduction process. During the load reduction phase, the laminar flow velocity is reduced to 0.05 to 0.08 meters per second, and the pressure differential inside the chamber is maintained at -10 to -20 Pa using the induced draft fan; subsequently, the collection belt stepping is stopped and the inner door of the airlock transition chamber remains closed. Reduce the load and maintain it for 2 to 5 minutes as a suspended powder removal window. During this period, the circulating fan and the induced draft fan should be linked at low speed so that the suspended powder enters the filter section with the return air. After the removal window is completed, first reduce the circulating fan to the lowest speed and close the top air supply valve. Maintain the pressure difference in the chamber for 30 to 90 seconds, then turn off the induced draft fan and keep the chamber door closed for 1 to 3 minutes to allow the pressure difference to gradually return to zero. When the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber is equipped with an external exhaust branch, the external exhaust should continue to run for 30 to 60 seconds after the top air supply valve is closed before stopping to avoid backflow at the moment of shutdown.

[0092] Among them, particle concentration signal The particle count is obtained from a light-scattering particle sensor, which is installed on a straight section of the return air duct at least 200 mm from the bend. Before the start of the production season, the sensor is placed in clean air for zero-point testing, with zero-point drift controlled within 2% of the measurement range. The particle collection rate per unit time... The weight was obtained by weighing from a sealed collection box using a shear beam load cell with a range of 0 kg to 20 kg and an indication error not exceeding 0.05 kg. The weighing cycle was fixed at 10 minutes. After replacing the sealed collection box, the weight was zeroed and a mechanical limit switch was set to prevent impact drift. At the end of the observation window, the collection belt stepping rhythm and fan settings remained unchanged, and the recording rhythm was fixed at 15 minutes to minimize human disturbance to the particle concentration signal. Powder collection per unit time The impact.

[0093] The fixed shutdown procedure for load reduction is as follows: first, reduce airflow speed; then, stop in stages; finally, stop after cleaning; then, stop supply air first, and finally, stop induced draft air. Airflow speed is measured and controlled between 0.05 m / s and 0.08 m / s using a hot-wire anemometer. The internal pressure difference is measured and controlled between -10 Pa and -20 Pa using a differential pressure transmitter, with allowable fluctuations within ±2 Pa. The suspended dust removal window is controlled between 2 and 5 minutes, with allowable airflow speed deviation within the removal window controlled within 10% of the set value. The filtration pressure difference must not exceed 1500 Pa within the removal window. If it approaches 1500 Pa, the pre-filter must be replaced before proceeding to subsequent steps to ensure the airflow conditions for subsequent cleaning and reset verification can be reproduced.

[0094] When in use, by providing quantitative entry conditions for termination judgment and by providing boundaries for load reduction and sequential shutdown, the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber can complete the removal of suspended powder before shutdown and avoid rapid pressure rebound, providing low dust conditions for closed powder discharge and cleaning reset.

[0095] After shutdown, the spore powder in the sealed collection box needs to undergo drying, sieving, sterilization, and cell wall disruption processing. Meanwhile, a thin layer of deposited powder may still remain on the inner wall and shelves of the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber. If not removed, this powder will be carried up and cross-contaminated during the pre-run of the next batch in step one. If the chamber is opened for extensive cleaning, external dust sources may enter. If a water film remains after wet cleaning, it will form condensation nuclei and induce moisture adhesion when the dew point safety window is established in the next batch.

[0096] Therefore, the airlock transition chamber is used to seal off the powder, and dry and wet cleaning methods are used in conjunction with low dew point air drying to remove the deposited powder and condensation source. Then, the reset verification criteria are used to ensure that the product can directly proceed to the next batch in step one.

[0097] The process involves continuous execution of closed powder discharge and transfer, dry cleaning, wet cleaning, drying and resetting, and resetting verification. During closed powder discharge, the inner door of the airlock transition chamber is kept closed. The extraction valve is activated to make the pressure difference between the airlock transition chamber and the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber consistent and maintained for 10 to 60 seconds. Then, the outer door of the airlock transition chamber is opened, the sealed collection box is removed, and the powder outlet is immediately locked with a quick-release clamp. The sealed collection box is transferred to the post-processing buffer zone, where the temperature is 20 to 25 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity is below 50%. The sealed collection box undergoes hot air drying or vacuum drying at 40 to 55 degrees Celsius within 2 hours, followed by sieving and cell wall breaking.

[0098] Introducing pressure differential in the transition chamber Pressure difference in the transition chamber Defined as the difference between the static pressure inside the transition chamber and the static pressure of the external environment. The unit is Pascal (Pa). Evacuation target: Before opening the outer door, ensure... The pressure should be between -5 Pa and -20 Pa, preferably between -10 Pa and -15 Pa; the duration should be between 10 and 60 seconds. Pressure equalization criterion: Before opening the inner door, first open the pressure equalization valve to connect the transition chamber with the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber, until... Hold the pressure for 5 seconds before allowing the inner door to open. Air extraction equipment: Use a small DC centrifugal fan or a small vacuum pump combined with a throttle valve. A pre-filter is connected in series in the air extraction channel to prevent dust from being discharged externally.

[0099] After the dust discharge is completed, perform dry cleaning: With the door closed, start the circulating fan and run it at a speed of 0.03 m / s to 0.08 m / s for 3 to 10 minutes. At the same time, maintain the pressure difference inside the chamber at a low speed with the induced draft fan at -5 Pa to -15 Pa, so that the loose deposited dust enters the pre-filter and medium-efficiency filter with the return air. At the same time, use a soft brush to gently brush the outside of the shelves from top to bottom. After the dry cleaning is completed, check whether the pre-filter has formed continuous dust accumulation strips. If so, replace it and check that the sum of the initial filtration pressure difference of the pre-filter and the medium-efficiency filter does not exceed 150 Pa.

[0100] If there are adhesive strips on the guide plates, guide rollers, or edges of the collection area, proceed with wet cleaning: wipe only the removable guide plates and guide rollers of the collection area and the accessible areas of the inner wall of the chamber. Use a 70% to 75% (v / v) aqueous solution of ethanol or a 0.1% to 0.3% (w / w) aqueous solution of peracetic acid for 5 to 15 minutes. Then wipe with purified water to remove residue and dry immediately. If adhesive strips are still visible after wiping, repeat the wet cleaning once, and then proceed with drying and resetting. Drying and resetting involves purging with low dew point air for 10 to 30 minutes. The dew point temperature of the low dew point air is measured with a dew point meter and controlled between 0 and 10 degrees Celsius. The criterion for preventing condensation is that the surface temperature of the collection area is 3 degrees Celsius higher than the dew point temperature. When using a circulating belt collection system, run the collection belt unloaded for one revolution at a speed of 10 to 30 mm / s during the drying stage, allowing the belt surface to be dried over its entire length by the drying airflow. Stop the belt after observing that there are no adhesive stripes on the belt surface. The reset acceptance test involves a 60-second differential pressure hold check using a differential pressure transmitter, while simultaneously observing the particle concentration signal during a 2-minute low-speed pre-run. If the condition is stable and shows no upward trend, then it can proceed to the next batch, step one.

[0101] The airlock transition chamber door sequence is fixed as follows: inner door closed, airlock transition chamber pressure equalization, outer door opened, box removal and sealing, outer door closed. Pressure equalization is aimed at the pressure difference of the slightly negative pressure collection chamber. The sealing of the collection box adopts quick-release clamps and silicone rubber sealing rings, with a Shore hardness of 50 to 70 degrees and a compression amount controlled at 10% to 20% of the cross-sectional diameter. The post-processing steps are drying, sieving, sterilization, and cell wall disruption. Drying and sieving are not interchangeable. Sterilization is selected from either irradiation sterilization or moist heat sterilization and is completed before cell wall disruption.

[0102] The dry cleaning process involves an airflow window of 0.03 m / s to 0.08 m / s for 3 to 10 minutes, a wet cleaning contact time window of 5 to 15 minutes with wiping from top to bottom along the airflow direction, and a low dew point temperature window of 0 to 10 degrees Celsius for drying within 10 to 30 minutes. The dew point temperature is measured by a dew point meter with an error not exceeding 1 degree Celsius. The dew point meter is calibrated using a two-point method before the start of the production season. The surface temperature of the collection area is measured by a surface thermometer with an error not exceeding 0.5 degrees Celsius, used to verify the anti-condensation criterion of a surface temperature exceeding the dew point temperature by 3 degrees Celsius. Reset verification also utilizes a 60-second differential pressure hold and particle concentration signal. The three criteria are: trend stability, the sum of the initial filtration pressure difference between the pre-filter and the medium-efficiency filter not exceeding 150 Pa. If any one of these criteria is not met, the process returns to the corresponding cleaning or filter media replacement stage and is repeated for verification. Among these, the chamber pressure difference and dew point temperature are sensitive variables and are given priority for strict control. The dry cleaning operation time is a robust variable and can be adjusted according to the amount of deposit within 3 to 10 minutes.

[0103] As a supplement, hot air drying: hot air temperature 40°C to 55°C, wind speed 0.5 m / s to 2 m / s, drying time 2 to 8 hours; vacuum drying: drying temperature 35°C to 50°C, vacuum pressure 10 kPa to 30 kPa (absolute pressure), drying time 2 to 10 hours; drying endpoint: based on the moisture content of the spore powder. The endpoint is reached at 5% to 8% moisture content. The weight loss was determined by drying at 105 degrees Celsius, and the constant weight criterion was that the difference between two consecutive weighings should not exceed 1 milligram.

[0104] As a supplement, the preparation of the ethanol-water solution is as follows: 95% ethanol and purified water are mixed at a volume ratio of 74:26 to 79:21 to obtain a 70% to 75% ethanol-water solution; the preparation of the peracetic acid-water solution is as follows: 5% peracetic acid stock solution is diluted with purified water at a mass ratio of 1:16 to 1:49 to obtain a 0.1% to 0.3% solution; Residue control: After wet cleaning, the surface must be wiped twice with purified water, and after drying in low dew point air, the surface should be visually inspected and wiped with a white cloth until there is no obvious acidic / irritating odor as acceptance of the operation; For metal parts, it is recommended to complete drying and resetting within 30 minutes after cleaning to avoid corrosion.

[0105] As an example: At the end of a continuous harvest, the operator finds that the amount of pollen collected per unit time... The concentration was below 1 gram per hour for 8 consecutive hours, and the particle concentration signal... The pressure was below 10% of the peak value, so the laminar flow velocity was reduced to 0.06 m / s while maintaining a pressure differential of -15 Pa. The collecting belt stepping was stopped, and the fan was shut down at low speed for 3 minutes, with the supply air stopping first and the induced draft air stopping last. Then, the last sealed collecting box was removed and sealed according to the airlock transition chamber door sequence. The sealed collecting box was then placed in a post-treatment buffer zone at 22°C and 45% relative humidity and dried with 50°C hot air for 1 hour. The operator returned to the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber and, with the door closed, ran at a wind speed of 0.05 m / s for 8 minutes for dry cleaning and replaced the primary filter with visible dust accumulation. The guide plates and guide rollers in the collection area were wiped with a 75% ethanol aqueous solution and kept in contact for 10 minutes, then wiped with purified water and dried with low dew point air at 5°C for 20 minutes. During reset verification, the pressure differential rose less than 5 Pa within 60 seconds, and the particle concentration signal was detected after 2 minutes of low-speed pre-run. If the reading is stable and shows no upward trend, the operator records the end of the batch and proceeds to step one of the next batch.

[0106] When in use, by locking the sequence of the airlock transition chamber doors, sealing the collection box and the post-processing sequence, limiting the process windows of two-stage cleaning and low dew point drying and providing reset acceptance criteria, the micro-negative pressure spore collection chamber is in a low-residue, dry and controllable filtration state starting condition before the next batch enters step one.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0109] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0110] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0111] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, characterized in that: Comprising, Push the shelf unit containing Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies into the micro-negative pressure spore collection cabin / cover and seal it, install the sealed collection box in the airlock transition chamber and position the collection belt, start the circulating air path filtration and low-speed pre-operation; Control the pressure in the micro-negative pressure spore collection cabin to be in a micro-negative pressure state, form unidirectional laminar flow with top uniform flow air supply, and control the dew point temperature and the surface temperature of the collection area where the collection belt is located to meet the dew point safety window; Under the action of unidirectional laminar flow, guide the spore powder to the collection area and make it settle on the collection belt, step the collection belt according to the set trigger and wind it into the sealed collection box, and when the sealed collection box is full, replace the box through the airlock transition chamber. According to the end criterion, reduce the load and stop the collection belt stepping, take out the sealed collection box through the airlock transition chamber, and clean and reset the micro-negative pressure spore collection cabin and the circulating air path.

2. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of Ganoderma spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: After installing the sealed collection box in the airlock transition chamber and confirming the interlocking of the inner door and the outer door, check the collection belt to ensure that the ground terminal connection is reliable and the initial flat length is not less than 90% of the length of the collection area; Then start the low-speed pre-operation of the primary filter and the medium filter of the circulating air path for 1-5 minutes, so that the pre-operation wind speed is 0.03-0.08 m / s.

3. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of Ganoderma spore powder according to claim 2, characterized in that: Start the air inducer and the circulating fan to enter closed-loop control, stabilize the pressure in the micro-negative pressure spore collection cabin at -5 to -30 Pa, adjust the top uniform flow air supply to unidirectional laminar flow with a speed of 0.05-0.20 m / s, and set the circulating ratio to 70-95% and the air supplement ratio to 5-30%.

4. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of Ganoderma spore powder according to claim 3, characterized in that: Calculate the dew point temperature according to the temperature and relative humidity in the cover, collect the surface temperature in the collection area and take the minimum value as the surface temperature of the collection area, make the dew point temperature lower than the surface temperature of the collection area by 2-5°C, and maintain the dew point safety window through micro-dehumidification and heat preservation heating, and control the relative humidity in the cover at 70-85%.

5. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of Ganoderma spore powder according to claim 4, characterized in that: The collection belt steps according to the timing trigger, the stepping cycle is 0.5-4 hours and the single stepping length is 50-300 mm, and the stepped collection belt is continuously wound into the sealed collection box; when the sealed collection box reaches the preset capacity, replace the box through the airlock transition chamber and continue the collection belt stepping.

6. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of Ganoderma spore powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: Use the particle sensor to obtain the particle concentration signal C, set the first threshold C1 to be 20-50% of the peak value and the second threshold C2 to be 5-20% of the peak value, keep the current section when the particle concentration signal C is higher than the first threshold C1 for 10-60 minutes, and execute the collection belt stepping when the particle concentration signal C is lower than the second threshold C2 for 20-90 minutes.

7. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of ganoderma spore powder according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the sealed collection box is full and needs to be replaced, the door sequence of closing the inner door, maintaining the micro-negative pressure in the transition chamber for 10 to 60 seconds, opening the outer door to take out the sealed collection box and install an empty box, closing the outer door and balancing the pressure between the transition chamber and the micro-negative pressure collection chamber, and opening the inner door is executed in sequence.

8. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of ganoderma spore powder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The filter pressure difference of the circulating air path is monitored, and when the filter pressure difference reaches 800 to 1500 Pa, the primary filter and the medium filter are replaced, and pulse backflushing is performed at the pre-filtering section before the exhaust HEPA, with a backflushing pressure of 0.3 to 0.6 MPa and a pulse width of 50 to 200 ms.

9. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of ganoderma spore powder according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the cumulative operation time is 24 to 72 hours and the particle concentration signal C is continuously lower than 5 to 20% of the peak value for 6 to 12 hours, the load reduction shutdown is entered, and during the load reduction, the collection belt is first stopped and the air induction and circulation are maintained at low speed for 2 to 5 minutes, then the top air supply and air induction are closed in sequence, and the sealed collection box is taken out through the airlock transition chamber.

10. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of ganoderma spore powder according to claim 9, characterized in that: The batch cleaning reset includes running the low-speed circulating air with filtration for 3 to 10 minutes under the condition that the chamber door is closed, and replacing the primary filter and the medium filter, then wiping the inner wall of the micro-negative pressure collection chamber and the detachable parts in the collection area with food-grade disinfectant and blowing them dry with low-dew-point air for 10 to 30 minutes, and storing the sealed collection box according to the batch number to record the traceability information.

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