Cultivation method for increasing yield of imitated wild herba epimedii

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for increasing the yield of imitated wild herba epimedii, and relates to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The method comprises the steps of seed source optimization treatment, simulated wild habitat construction, precise planting, dynamic field management and scientific harvesting and alternate planting, specifically, high-quality seeds or rhizomes treated with rooting powder are screened, a simulated wild habitat is constructed in a forest land meeting specific altitude, gradient and soil conditions, qualified seedlings are planted according to the standard plant row spacing, and the seedlings are planted in the forest land. Dynamic regulation and control are achieved through illumination regulation and control, precise water and fertilizer management and comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests, scientific harvesting is conducted after planting is conducted for two years, and rotation and soil improvement are conducted. According to the method, through fine regulation and control in the whole process, the simulated wild quality of the herba epimedii is guaranteed (effective components are close to the wild level), meanwhile, the seed germination rate and the seedling survival rate are remarkably increased, the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, the planting period is prolonged, the land productivity is improved, the unit area yield and planting benefits are increased, and many defects of an existing cultivation technology are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, specifically to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of wild-simulated Epimedium. Background Technology

[0002] Epimedium, a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb, has a wide range of medicinal uses, and market demand is increasing year by year. However, wild Epimedium resources are facing depletion due to long-term over-harvesting, and its wild growth environment is limited by natural conditions, resulting in slow growth and low yield, making it difficult to meet market demand. Currently, there are many shortcomings in the technology for artificially cultivating Epimedium: some cultivation methods ignore the characteristics of a semi-wild habitat, leading to a decrease in the content of effective components; improper seed source treatment results in low seed germination and seedling survival rates; lack of precise field management leads to frequent problems such as water and fertilizer imbalance and inadequate pest and disease control, ultimately affecting yield and quality; and unreasonable harvesting and crop rotation systems lead to a decline in land productivity and poor benefits from continuous planting. Therefore, developing a cultivation method for Epimedium that balances semi-wild characteristics, yield, and quality has become an urgent need in the current field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for increasing the yield of Epimedium in a simulated wild environment. Through the whole-process regulation of seed source optimization, simulated wild habitat construction, precise planting, dynamic field management and scientific harvesting, the yield and planting benefits of Epimedium can be significantly improved while ensuring its simulated wild quality, thus solving many problems existing in the current cultivation technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for increasing the yield of Epimedium brevicornu in a simulated wild environment includes the following steps: Select robust plants from the natural distribution area of ​​wild Epimedium, collect mature fruits with open pericarps and exposed, brown seeds, thresh them, and select seeds with a purity of ≥80%, a thousand-seed weight of 4.5~4.7g, and a germination rate of ≥90%. After irradiating with ultraviolet light for 20~30 minutes, mix them with humus substrate disinfected with 1% carbendazim at a ratio of 1:3 and store them in a cool, dry place for 2~3 months; or select underground rhizomes with 2~3 buds, cut them into 8~10cm sections, and soak them in 50~100mg / kg ABT5 rooting powder solution for 5s for later use. Preferably, the seed storage substrate is a 1:1 mixture of fine river sand and humus. During storage, the substrate should be checked every 15 days to maintain a moisture content of 15% to 20% and prevent mold growth and heat generation. Select shady or semi-shady forest land at an altitude of 500-2500m and a slope of ≤25°. The canopy density of the forest land should be controlled at 0.4-0.7. The soil should be slightly acidic sandy loam with a soil layer thickness of ≥40cm and an organic matter content of ≥3%, which meets the GB15618 Soil Environmental Quality Standard. After clearing weeds, make beds 1.2-1.5m wide and 0.1-0.2m high, and apply 2-3kg / m² of well-rotted farmyard manure when tilling the land. The tilling depth should be ≥20cm. Preferably, the forest land should be selected from broad-leaved forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, with a soil pH of 5.5 to 7.0. When preparing the land, a 30cm wide working road should be reserved, and a 20cm deep drainage ditch should be dug around the perimeter. In spring or autumn, use the trench planting method. Dig planting trenches 8-10 cm deep with a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a plant spacing of 10-15 cm. Place the seedlings or rhizomes with the buds facing upwards, spread out the fibrous roots, cover with 6-8 cm of soil, compact, and cover with a 3-5 cm layer of fallen leaves. Plant 4000-5000 plants per 667 m². Preferably, the seedlings are Grade I or Grade II seedlings. Grade I seedlings are required to be >10cm in height, >5cm in root length, and ≥2 buds. Grade II seedlings are required to be 5-10cm in height, 2-5cm in root length, and ≥1 bud. The seedling qualification rate is ≥90%. Shade control: In non-forest planting areas, construct 1.8~2.0m high shade canopies to maintain a light intensity of 2000~2300Lux. In forest planting areas, adjust the canopy density through pruning. Water and fertilizer management: Maintain soil moisture at 25%~30%, spray with 300mg / kg compound microbial agent after leaf expansion, spray with 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the young fruit stage, and apply 1~2kg / m² of well-rotted farmyard manure after harvest; Irrigation is carried out by drip irrigation in the morning and evening, and drainage is completed within 24 hours in case of water accumulation; Loosening the soil and weeding: This should be done 3 times a year, after leaf expansion, during the young fruit stage, and after harvest. The weeding depth should be ≤5cm to avoid damaging the surface root system. Topdressing: Apply in 3 applications. In the first year, apply 0.5%~1.0% urea solution after leaf expansion, and apply 0.01%~0.05% boric acid solution during the young fruit stage. From the second year onwards, apply 6~8g / m² inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in spring, and 15~45g / m² organic compound fertilizer after harvest. The fertilizer should meet the GAP planting standards for Chinese medicinal herbs. Integrated pest management: Remove diseased plant debris; spray with 50% carbendazim at a dilution of 500-600 times at the early stage of leaf spot disease; control viral diseases by killing the vectors of the virus; combine physical and biological control methods, set up yellow sticky traps to kill aphids and other vectors of the virus, and prioritize the application of Bacillus thuringiensis preparations when pests occur. Two years after planting, harvest the above-ground stems and leaves in autumn, taking care not to damage the roots and rhizomes. Harvest continuously for 3-4 years, then allow the plants to rest for 2-3 years. Use a curved sickle for harvesting, cutting 3-5 cm above the ground. Within 24 hours of harvesting, move the plants to a cool, well-ventilated place to air dry, avoiding direct sunlight. After drying, the moisture content of the stems and leaves should be controlled below 14%.

[0005] Soil improvement measures are taken during the rotation period: the plowing depth is 25-30cm, 2000-3000kg / 667m² of well-rotted compost is applied, and clover is intercropped as green manure. One month before the end of the rotation, the green manure is removed and compacted into the soil.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Seed source optimization treatment significantly improves seed germination rate and rhizome survival rate: Through ultraviolet light disinfection, humus substrate storage, and treatment of rhizomes with ABT5 rooting powder, the seed germination rate is greatly improved, and the rhizome survival rate is also greatly improved, laying the foundation for high yield. Simulated wild habitat construction ensures quality and growth adaptability: Strict selection of altitude, slope, canopy density and soil conditions simulates the growth environment of wild Epimedium, so that the content of effective ingredients in cultivated Epimedium is close to that of wild plants, while improving the plant's stress resistance. Dynamic field management enables precise control: through refined management of light, water and fertilizer, weeding and topdressing, resource waste and growth imbalance are avoided, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced, and the incidence of pests and diseases is greatly reduced. Scientific harvesting and rotation extend the planting cycle and maintain land productivity: reasonable harvesting time and methods avoid damage to plants, and rotation combined with soil improvement measures enable sustainable land use and greatly improve the benefits of continuous planting. Detailed Implementation

[0007] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0008] A method for increasing the yield of Epimedium brevicornu in a simulated wild environment includes the following steps: S1: Seed source optimization treatment: Select robust plants from the natural distribution area of ​​wild Epimedium, collect mature fruits with open pericarps and exposed brown seeds, thresh the seeds and select seeds with a purity of ≥80%, a thousand-seed weight of 4.5~4.7g and a germination rate of ≥90%. After irradiating with ultraviolet light for 20~30 minutes, mix with humus substrate disinfected with 1% carbendazim at a ratio of 1:3 and store in a cool and dry place for 2~3 months; or select underground rhizomes with 2~3 buds, cut them into 8~10cm sections, and soak the roots in 50~100mg / kg ABT5 rooting powder solution for 5s for later use. S2: Construction of simulated wild habitat: Select shady or semi-shady forest land at an altitude of 500~2500m and a slope of ≤25°. The canopy density of the forest land should be controlled at 0.4~0.7. The soil should be slightly acidic sandy loam with a soil layer thickness of ≥40cm and an organic matter content of ≥3%, which meets the GB15618 Soil Environmental Quality Standard. After clearing weeds, make beds with a width of 1.2~1.5m and a height of 0.1~0.2m. Apply 2~3kg / m² of decomposed farmyard manure in combination with tilling, and tillage depth ≥20cm. S3: Precision planting: In spring or autumn, use trench planting method. Dig planting trenches 8-10cm deep with a row spacing of 20-25cm and a plant spacing of 10-15cm. Place the seedlings or rhizomes with the buds facing upwards. After the fibrous roots are spread out, cover with 6-8cm of soil, compact it, and cover with a 3-5cm layer of fallen leaves. Plant 4000-5000 plants per 667m². S4: Dynamic Field Management: Shade Control: Construct 1.8-2.0m high shade canopies in non-forest planting areas to maintain a light intensity of 2000-2300 Lux. Adjust canopy density in forest planting areas through pruning. Water and Fertilizer Management: Maintain soil moisture at 25%-30%. Spray with 300mg / kg compound microbial agent after leaf expansion. Spray with 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the young fruit stage. Apply 1-2kg / m² of well-rotted farmyard manure after harvest. Integrated Pest and Disease Management: Remove diseased plant debris. Spray with 50% carbendazim at 500-600 times dilution at the initial stage of leaf spot disease. Control viral diseases by killing the vectors that transmit the virus. S5: Scientific harvesting: After two years of planting, harvest the above-ground stems and leaves in autumn, avoiding damage to the roots and rhizomes. After three to four consecutive harvests, allow the plants to rest for two to three years. Preferably, in step S1, the seed storage substrate is a 1:1 mixture of fine river sand and humus. During storage, it is checked every 15 days to maintain the substrate moisture content at 15% to 20% and prevent mold growth and heat generation. Prioritize broad-leaved forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in step S2, with soil pH values ​​of 5.5 to 7.0. During land preparation, reserve a 30cm wide working path and dig drainage ditches 20cm deep around the perimeter. Priority is given to selecting Grade I or Grade II seedlings in step S3. Grade I seedlings are required to have a height of >10cm, a root length of >5cm, and ≥2 buds. Grade II seedlings are required to have a height of 5-10cm, a root length of 2-5cm, and ≥1 bud. The seedling qualification rate is ≥90%. Priority is that in step S4, loosening the soil and weeding should be carried out three times a year, after leaf expansion, during the young fruit stage, and after harvest. The weeding depth should be ≤5cm to avoid damaging the surface root system. Irrigation should be carried out by drip irrigation in the morning and evening, and drainage should be completed within 24 hours in case of water accumulation. Preferred, the topdressing in step S4 is carried out in 3 times: after the leaves unfold in the first year, apply 0.5%~1.0% urea solution, and apply 0.01%~0.05% boric acid solution during the young fruit stage; from the second year onwards, apply 6~8g / m² inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in spring, and apply 15~45g / m² organic compound fertilizer after harvest. The fertilizers meet the GAP planting standards for Chinese medicinal herbs. Prioritize the use of a combination of physical and biological control methods in step S4 for pest and disease control, such as setting up yellow sticky traps to kill aphids and other vectors that transmit the disease, and spraying Bacillus thuringiensis preparations when pests occur. Preferably, in step S5, the harvesting tool is an arc-shaped sickle, and the cutting height is 3-5cm from the ground. After harvesting, the leaves should be moved to a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade within 24 hours, avoiding direct sunlight. After drying, the moisture content of the stems and leaves should be controlled below 14%.

[0009] Prioritize soil improvement measures during the rotation period: tillage to a depth of 25-30cm, apply 2000-3000kg / 667m² of well-rotted compost, intercrop clover for green manure planting, and remove the green manure and plow it into the soil one month before the end of the rotation period.

[0010] It should be noted that this invention is a cultivation method for increasing the yield of wild-simulated Epimedium, and the specific steps are as follows: Seed source optimization: Healthy plants were selected from the natural distribution area of ​​wild Epimedium. Mature fruits with open pericarps and exposed seeds (brown in color) were collected. After threshing, seeds with a purity of 82%, a thousand-seed weight of 4.6g, and a germination rate of 91% were selected. After irradiation with ultraviolet light for 25 minutes, the seeds were mixed with a 1:3 ratio of fine river sand and humus (1:1) substrate disinfected with 1% carbendazim. The mixture was then stored in a cool, dry place for 2.5 months, with checks every 15 days during the storage period to maintain a substrate moisture content of 18%. Simulated wild habitat construction: Select a semi-shaded slope of mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest at an altitude of 1200m and a slope of 20°. The forest canopy closure is 0.6. The soil is slightly acidic sandy loam with a soil layer thickness of 45cm, organic matter content of 3.2%, and pH value of 6.2, which meets the GB15618 Soil Environmental Quality Standard. After clearing weeds, make beds 1.3m wide and 0.15m high. Apply 2.5kg / m² of decomposed farmyard manure during tilling. Till the soil to a depth of 22cm. Leave a 30cm wide working road during land preparation and dig a 20cm deep drainage ditch around the perimeter. Precision planting: In spring, trench planting is adopted. Dig planting trenches 9cm deep with a row spacing of 23cm and a plant spacing of 12cm. Select Grade I seedlings (11cm tall, 6cm long root, 2 buds, and a seedling qualification rate of 92%). Place the seedlings with the buds facing upwards, spread out the fibrous roots, cover with 7cm of soil, compact it, and cover with a 4cm layer of fallen leaves. Plant 4500 seedlings per 667m². Dynamic field management: In non-forest planting areas, construct 1.9m high shade canopies to maintain a light intensity of 2100 Lux; maintain soil moisture at 28%, using drip irrigation in the morning and draining water promptly when necessary; after leaf expansion, spray with 300mg / kg compound microbial agent and top-dress with 0.8% urea solution; during the young fruit stage, spray with 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and top-dress with 0.03% boric acid solution, while simultaneously loosening the soil and weeding to a depth of 4cm; after harvest, apply 1.5kg / m² of well-rotted farmyard manure and perform a third loosening of the soil and weeding; set up yellow sticky traps to kill aphids, and spray with 50% carbendazim at a dilution of 550 times at the initial stage of leaf spot disease; Scientific harvesting and rotation: In autumn, after two years of planting, use an arc-shaped sickle to cut the above-ground stems and leaves 4cm from the ground. Within 24 hours of harvesting, move them to a cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade. After drying, the moisture content of the stems and leaves should be 13%. After three consecutive years of harvesting, rotate the plants for two years. During the rotation period, plow to a depth of 28cm, apply 2500kg / 667m² of well-rotted compost, and intercrop with clover. One month before the end of the rotation, remove the green manure and plow it into the soil.

[0011] In this embodiment, the incidence of diseases and pests of Epimedium was 8%, the annual yield was 320 kg per 667 m², and the content of the active ingredient icariin was 0.85%, which is close to the level of wild Epimedium.

[0012] Alternatively, underground rhizomes with two buds can be selected as seed sources, cut into 9cm sections, and soaked in 80mg / kg ABT5 rooting powder solution for 5s for later use; the forest land should be selected on a shady slope of broad-leaved forest at an altitude of 800m and a slope of 15°, with a soil pH of 5.8; the seedlings should be Grade II seedlings (seedling height 8cm, root length 4cm, one bud, seedling qualification rate 91%); when applying fertilizer, apply 7g / m² inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in the second spring and 30g / m² organic compound fertilizer after harvest.

[0013] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A breeding method for improving yield of Epimedium sagittatum in the wild, characterized by, Comprise the following steps: S1: seed source optimization treatment: select wild Epimedium natural distribution area of healthy plants, collect the peel open, seed exposed to brown mature fruit, after threshing screening purity ≥80%, 1000-grain weight 4.5~4.7g, germination rate ≥90% of the seed, after 20~30 minutes of ultraviolet irradiation, with 1% carbendazim disinfection humus matrix according to 1:3 ratio, placed in cool dry storage 2~3 months; or select with 2~3 bud sprouts of underground rhizome, cut into 8~10cm section, in 50~100mg / kg ABT 5 rooting powder liquid root immersion 5s for standby; S2: wild habitat construction: select the elevation 500~2500m, slope ≤25° of shady or semi-shady forest land, forest canopy density control at 0.4~0.7, soil for soil layer thickness ≥40cm, organic matter content ≥3% of slightly acidic sandy loam, meet GB15618 soil environmental quality standards; after removing weeds according to 1.2~1.5m wide, 0.1~0.2m high bed, combined with ploughing and applying 2~3kg / m² of compost farmyard manure, ploughing depth ≥20cm; S3: precision planting: spring or autumn using ditch planting method, according to row spacing 20~25cm, plant spacing 10~15cm, 8~10cm deep planting ditch, the seedling or rhizome according to bud head up, root stretch after covering 6~8cm, compaction and cover 3~5cm leaf layer, 4000~5000 plants per 667m²; S4: dynamic field management: shading control: non-forest planting area set up 1.8~2.0m high shade, maintain light intensity 2000~2300Lux, forest planting area through pruning to adjust canopy density; water and fertilizer management: keep soil moisture 25%~30%, after leaf expansion, spray 300mg / kg compound microbial agent, young fruit period, spray 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, after harvest, apply 1~2kg / m² of compost farmyard manure; pest control: remove the disease residues, spray 50% carbendazim 500~600 times solution at the initial stage of leaf brown spot and blight, control virus disease by killing the virus transmission insect vectors; S5: scientific harvesting: after 2 years of planting, cut the aboveground stems and leaves in autumn, avoid damaging the rhizome, continuous harvesting for 3~4 years, then rest for 2~3 years.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step S1, the seed storage substrate is a mixture of fine river sand and humus soil in a ratio of 1:

1. During storage, check every 15 days to maintain the moisture content of the substrate at 15%~20% to prevent mold growth and heating.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step S2, the forest land is preferably broad-leaved forest or mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest, and the soil pH is 5.5~7.

0. When preparing the land, reserve a 30cm wide working channel and dig a 20cm deep drainage ditch around the channel.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step S3, the seedlings are selected from grade I or grade II. Grade I seedlings require a height of >10cm, a root length of >5cm, and ≥2 bud sprouts. Grade II seedlings require a height of 5~10cm, a root length of 2~5cm, and ≥1 bud sprout. The pass rate of seedlings should be ≥90%.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, The soil scarification and weeding in step S4 is performed 3 times per year, after leaf unfolding, during the young fruit stage, and after harvesting, with a weeding depth of ≤5 cm to avoid damaging the surface root system; irrigation is performed using a drip irrigation method, in the morning and evening, and water accumulation is drained within 24 hours.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, The topdressing in step S4 is performed 3 times: 0.5% to 1.0% urea solution is applied after leaf unfolding in the first year, and 0.01% to 0.05% boric acid solution is applied during the young fruit stage; 6 to 8 g / m² inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring from the second year, and 15 to 45 g / m² organic compound fertilizer is applied after harvesting, with the fertilizers meeting the Chinese medicinal material GAP planting standards.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, The disease and pest control in step S4 uses a combination of physical control and biological control, yellow plates are set to trap and kill aphids and other disease transmission insect vectors, and when pests occur, Bacillus thuringiensis preparation is preferentially sprayed.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, The harvesting tool in step S5 is an arc-shaped sickle, the cutting height is 3 to 5 cm from the ground, the harvested material is moved to a shady and ventilated place to dry within 24 hours after harvesting, direct sunlight is avoided, and the stem and leaf moisture content is controlled to be below 14% after drying.

9. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, During the rotation period, soil improvement measures are taken: the plowing depth is 25 to 30 cm, 2000 to 3000 kg / 667m² of compost is applied, and clover is interplanted for green manure planting, and the green manure is removed and plowed into the soil 1 month before the end of the rotation period.