High-stress roadway broken surrounding rock multi-gradient bolting and grouting reinforcement device and method
By combining a microseismic sensor array and acoustic cross-hole CT with a four-channel composite drill rod and NPR anchor cable for dynamic control, the problem that grouting and anchoring cannot simultaneously address fractures of different scales in existing technologies has been solved. This has enabled effective reinforcement of fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways, improving construction safety and progress.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511746197.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing grouting and anchoring technologies cannot simultaneously address cracks of different scales. Coarse particles have difficulty penetrating micro-cracks, while fine particles have poor filling effect on macro-cracks. High-pressure grouting is prone to splitting the surrounding rock, while low-pressure grouting results in insufficient grout diffusion. Furthermore, improper construction can affect the construction progress, causing the best reinforcement opportunity to be missed, making it difficult to meet the support needs of high-stress roadways.
Microseismic sensor arrays and acoustic cross-hole CT are used to obtain the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock fractures. Multi-scale fracture layered grouting is achieved through a four-channel composite drill rod. Combined with the dynamic control mechanism of NPR anchor cable, the grouting pressure and diffusion radius of different channels are set, and the surrounding rock strain rate is dynamically monitored to achieve precise construction.
It significantly improved the overall strength and deformation resistance of the fractured surrounding rock, ensuring construction safety and progress, and achieving effective reinforcement of cracks of different sizes.
Smart Images
Figure CN121611482A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering support technology, and in particular to a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device and method for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways. Background Technology
[0002] As the depth of resource extraction increases, the challenges of supporting high-stress roadways intensify, especially when traversing fault fracture zones. The surrounding rock is affected by high ground stress, mining-induced stress, and its own fracture characteristics, resulting in intense fracture swelling and rheology, which threatens construction safety and production.
[0003] Current grouting and anchoring technologies have many limitations. Grout cannot accommodate cracks of different sizes. Coarse particles have difficulty penetrating micro-cracks, while fine particles have poor filling effect on macro-cracks. High-pressure grouting is prone to splitting the surrounding rock, while low-pressure grouting results in insufficient diffusion. Moreover, the process is mostly carried out in stages, which misses the best time for reinforcement after the surrounding rock is excavated, and also affects the progress, making it difficult to meet the needs of underground engineering.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of anchoring reinforcement device and method that can solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device and method for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways. By deploying a micro-seismic sensor array and acoustic cross-hole CT, the multi-scale distribution characteristics of fractures in the surrounding rock are obtained. The grouting pressure and diffusion radius parameters of the grout in different channels are set. Layered grouting of multi-scale fractures is achieved through a four-channel composite drill rod. Combined with the dynamic control mechanism of NPR anchor cables, the overall strength and deformation resistance of the fractured surrounding rock are significantly improved.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways, comprising a power control device, a grout discharge control device in front of the power control device, and a four-channel composite drill rod connected in front of the grout discharge control device. The four-channel composite drill rod includes an anchor body, which includes an outer grouting channel, a middle grouting channel, an inner grouting channel, and a central channel.
[0007] Preferably, a slurry storage tank is connected to the rear of the power control device, an engine is located in front of the slurry storage tank, and a track is located below the engine.
[0008] Preferably, an automatic rod changing device is provided next to the four-channel composite drill pipe, a telescopic arm is provided below the automatic rod changing device, a shackle cylinder is provided in front of the automatic rod changing device, a clamp is provided in front of the shackle cylinder, and a dust removal hood is provided in front of the clamp.
[0009] Preferably, the four-channel composite drill rod passes through the dust cover, and the shackle cylinder is connected to the clamp.
[0010] Preferably, the anchor body consists of, from the outermost layer to the innermost layer, the outermost layer of grouting channel, the middle layer of grouting channel, the innermost layer of grouting channel, and the central channel.
[0011] Preferably, an expansion plate is connected to the rear of the anchor bolt body, a pad is connected to the rear of the expansion plate, and a grouting port is provided behind the pad.
[0012] Preferably, a grouting controller is provided in front of the anchor bolt body, and a grating pressure gauge is provided on the grouting controller.
[0013] Preferably, a rotary nozzle is provided in front of the grouting controller, and the rotary nozzle is provided with a grout outlet.
[0014] Preferably, an anchor head is provided in front of the rotary nozzle.
[0015] A method for reinforcing fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways using multi-gradient anchoring includes the following steps: S1. Deploy a microseismic sensor array to capture the direction of the main fracture; use acoustic trans-hole CT to identify the fracture aperture distribution characteristics; S2. Based on the detection results of S1, the grouting parameters are intelligently matched. The pressure parameters are generated by the critical grouting pressure threshold formula and the minimum effective diffusion pressure formula. For macroscopic cracks, cement grout is selected; for microscopic cracks, ultrafine cement-silica grout is used; and for nanopores, SiO2 nano sol is injected and a quick-setting agent is added. The formula for the critical grouting pressure threshold is as follows: ; In the formula: P max —Critical grouting pressure, MPa; σ t —Tensile strength of surrounding rock, MPa; σ c — Uniaxial compressive strength of surrounding rock, MPa; Minimum effective diffusion pressure formula: ; In the formula: —Minimum effective diffusion pressure, MPa; μ—Slurry dynamic viscosity, Pa·s; L—Slurry diffusion path length, m; Q—Grouting flow rate, m³ / s 3 / s; K—fracture permeability coefficient, m 2 ; — Average crack aperture, m; JRC — Crack roughness coefficient; γ — Correction coefficient; S3. Check the status of each component of the four-dimensional gradient drilling and anchoring machine, including the engine, slurry tank, power control device, and automatic rod changing device, to ensure that the equipment is operating normally; inject coarse-particle cement slurry, ultrafine cement, and SiO2 nano sol into the slurry tank respectively, and connect them to the drill rod channel through the slurry delivery pipe. S4. Move the equipment to the construction position using the tracks of the integrated machine, operate the telescopic boom to adjust the drilling angle of the four-channel composite drill rod to meet the requirements of roadway construction; at the same time, install a dust removal hood in front of the clamp to prevent dust from entering the equipment during drilling. S5. Drilling is carried out using a four-channel composite drill rod. When the drill rod reaches 3m, coarse grout is injected into the outer channel, and NPR anchor cables in a compressed state are implanted into the central channel. When the drill rod reaches 6m, fine grout is injected into the middle channel. When the final hole reaches 12m, nano grout is injected into the inner channel, and the expansion plates expand to lock the four-channel composite drill rod. The NPR anchor cables are then tensioned for curing. The anchor expansion pressure is designed as follows: ; ; In the formula: —Anchor expansion pressure, MPa; —Residual stress in the surrounding rock, MPa; —Slurry compaction strength, MPa; During drilling, dynamic feedback control is implemented, and precise response is achieved by relying on a real-time monitoring system. The surrounding rock strain rate is monitored by distributed optical fiber, and the high-pressure pulse grouting mode is immediately triggered when it exceeds the threshold. The grout diffusion is tracked by resistivity CT imaging. If the roof is found to be insufficiently filled, the drill bit nozzle is rotated to inject nano grout. When the micro-vibration energy exceeds the threshold, the system automatically stops the pump and starts NPR anchor cable over-tensioning. S6. After construction is completed, shut down all systems of the equipment, operate the automatic rod changing device to loosen the drill rod joint, and remove the drill rod; clean and inspect all parts of the equipment to prepare for the next operation, and at the same time, collect data on grout waste rate and anchor cable failure rate to evaluate the construction effect.
[0016] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device and method for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways. By deploying a micro-vibration sensor array and acoustic cross-hole CT, the multi-scale distribution characteristics of fractures in the surrounding rock are obtained, and the grouting pressure and diffusion radius parameters of grout in different channels are set. Layered grouting of multi-scale fractures is realized through a four-channel composite drill rod. Combined with the dynamic control mechanism of NPR anchor cable, the overall strength and deformation resistance of the fractured surrounding rock are significantly improved.
[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a four-dimensional gradient drilling and anchoring integrated machine, which is an embodiment of a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a four-channel composite drill rod according to an embodiment of a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a four-channel composite drill rod according to an embodiment of a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a method framework diagram of an embodiment of the multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement method for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement method for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways according to the present invention.
[0019] Figure Labels 1. Anchor bolt body; 2. Grouting controller; 3. Grout outlet; 4. Grating pressure gauge; 5. Rotary nozzle; 6. Anchor head; 7. Pad plate; 8. Grouting port; 9. Expansion plate; 10. Outer grouting channel; 11. Middle grouting channel; 12. Inner grouting channel; 13. Central channel; 14. Engine; 15. Grout storage tank; 16. Power control device; 17. Grout outlet control device; 18. Automatic bolt changing device; 19. Dust hood; 20. Clamp; 21. Telescopic boom; 22. Track; 23. Shackle cylinder. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0022] Example 1 This invention provides a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, the system includes a power control device 16, a slurry discharge control device 17 in front of the power control device 16, and a slurry storage tank 15 connected to the rear of the power control device 16. The slurry storage tank 15 is used to store slurry with different proportions, and to transport the slurry into the drill rod. The slurry discharge control device 17 controls the drilling of the drill rod. The power control device 16 can control the drilling of the drill rod.
[0023] A four-channel composite drill rod is connected to the front of the slurry control device 17. An automatic rod changing device 18 is installed next to the four-channel composite drill rod. After drilling a sufficient distance, the automatic rod changing device 18 will automatically replace the four-channel composite drill rod. A telescopic arm 21 is installed below the automatic rod changing device 18. The telescopic arm 21 can control the angle of the drill rod. A shackle cylinder 23 is installed in front of the automatic rod changing device 18. A clamp 20 is installed in front of the shackle cylinder 23. The shackle cylinder 23 can drive the clamp 20 to tighten and loosen the four-channel composite drill rod joint while replacing the four-channel composite drill rod. A dust hood 19 is installed in front of the clamp 20 to prevent dust from entering the device during drilling.
[0024] The four-channel composite drill pipe passes through the dust collector 19, and the shackle cylinder 23 is connected to the clamp 20. An engine 14 is located in front of the slurry tank 15, and a track 22 is located below the engine 14, which can drive the device to move.
[0025] The four-channel composite drill rod includes an anchor body 1, which includes an outer grouting channel 10, a middle grouting channel 11, an inner grouting channel 12, and a central channel 13. The anchor body 1 consists of an outer grouting channel 10, a middle grouting channel 11, an inner grouting channel 12, and a central channel 13, from the outer layer to the inner layer. Different channels deliver different types of grout.
[0026] An expansion plate 9 is connected to the rear of the anchor bolt body 1. The expansion plate 9 can expand and lock the four-channel composite drill rod. A pad 7 is connected to the rear of the expansion plate 9. A grouting port 8 is set behind the pad 7. The grouting port 8 is connected to the grouting control device 17. A grouting controller 2 is set in front of the anchor bolt body 1. The grouting controller 2 is used to control grouting. A grating pressure gauge 4 is set on the grouting controller 2. The grating pressure gauge 4 is used to measure the pressure on the anchor head 6 of the four-channel composite drill rod. A rotary nozzle 5 is set in front of the grouting controller 2. A grouting hole 3 is set on the rotary nozzle 5. The grouting hole 3 is used to spray grout. An anchor head 6 is set in front of the rotary nozzle 5.
[0027] This embodiment describes a multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement method for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways, such as... Figure 4 Figure 5As shown, the steps are as follows: S1. A 12-channel microseismic sensor array was deployed to capture the direction of the main fracture, with a propagation rate exceeding 5 mm / d; a trans-orifice acoustic CT with a 2 m aperture spacing was used to invert the fracture density to 0.45 fractures / m. 3 The connectivity rate reached 62%; with the help of 360° panoramic borehole imaging, the distribution characteristics of fracture aperture were identified; S2. Based on the detection results of S1, the grouting parameters are intelligently matched. The pressure parameters are generated by the critical grouting pressure threshold formula and the minimum effective diffusion pressure formula. For macroscopic cracks, cement grout is selected; for microscopic cracks, ultrafine cement-silica grout is used; and for nanopores, SiO2 nano sol is injected and a quick-setting agent is added. The formula for the critical grouting pressure threshold is as follows: ; In the formula: P max —Critical grouting pressure, MPa; σ t —Tensile strength of surrounding rock, MPa; σ c — Uniaxial compressive strength of surrounding rock, MPa; Minimum effective diffusion pressure formula: ; In the formula: —Minimum effective diffusion pressure, MPa; μ—Slurry dynamic viscosity, Pa·s; L—Slurry diffusion path length, m; Q—Grouting flow rate, m³ / s 3 / s; K—fracture permeability coefficient, m 2 ; — Average crack aperture, m; JRC — Crack roughness coefficient; γ — Correction coefficient; S3. Check the status of each component of the four-dimensional gradient drilling and anchoring machine, including the engine 14, slurry tank 15, power control device 16, and automatic rod changing device 18, to ensure that the equipment is operating normally; inject coarse-grained cement slurry, ultrafine cement, and SiO2 nano sol into the slurry tank 15 respectively, and connect them to the drill rod channel through the slurry delivery pipe. S4. Move the equipment to the construction position using the track 22 of the integrated machine, operate the telescopic boom 21 to adjust the drilling angle of the four-channel composite drill rod to meet the requirements of roadway construction; at the same time, install a dust cover 19 in front of the clamp 20 to prevent dust from entering the equipment during drilling. S5. Drilling is performed using a four-channel composite drill rod. When the drill rod reaches 3m, coarse grout is injected into the outer channel 10, and a compressed NPR anchor cable is simultaneously implanted into the central channel 13. When the drill rod reaches 6m, fine grout is injected into the middle channel 11. When the final hole reaches 12m, nano grout is injected into the inner channel 12, and the expansion plate 9 expands to lock the four-channel composite drill rod. The NPR anchor cable is then tensioned and cured to ensure grout solidification and anchoring effect. The anchor expansion pressure is designed as follows: ; ; In the formula: —Anchor expansion pressure, MPa; —Residual stress in the surrounding rock, MPa; —Slurry compaction strength, MPa; During drilling, dynamic feedback control is implemented, and precise response is achieved by relying on a real-time monitoring system. The surrounding rock strain rate is monitored by distributed optical fiber, and the high-pressure pulse grouting mode is immediately triggered when it exceeds the threshold. The grout diffusion is tracked by resistivity CT imaging. If the roof is found to be insufficiently filled, the drill bit nozzle is rotated to inject nano grout. When the micro-vibration energy exceeds the threshold, the system automatically stops the pump and starts NPR anchor cable over-tensioning. S6. After the construction is completed, shut down all systems of the equipment, operate the automatic rod changing device 18 to loosen the four-channel composite drill rod joint, and remove the four-channel composite drill rod; clean and inspect all parts of the equipment to prepare for the next operation, and at the same time, collect data on slurry waste rate and anchor cable failure rate to evaluate the construction effect.
[0028] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned multi-gradient anchoring reinforcement device and method for fractured surrounding rock in high-stress roadways. By deploying a micro-seismic sensor array and acoustic cross-hole CT, the multi-scale distribution characteristics of fractures in the surrounding rock are obtained, and the grouting pressure and diffusion radius parameters of grout in different channels are set. Multi-scale fracture layered grouting is achieved through a four-channel composite drill rod. Combined with the dynamic control mechanism of NPR anchor cable, the overall strength and deformation resistance of the fractured surrounding rock are significantly improved.
[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-stress roadway broken surrounding rock multi-gradient anchor-grouting reinforcement device, characterized in that: The power control device is provided with a slurry outlet control device in front, and a four-channel composite drill rod is connected in front of the slurry outlet control device, wherein the four-channel composite drill rod comprises an anchor rod body, and the anchor rod body comprises a slurry outer layer channel, a slurry middle layer channel, a slurry inner layer channel and a center channel.
2. The multi-gradient bolting and grouting device for broken surrounding rock in high stress roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slurry storage tank is connected behind the power control device, and an engine is arranged in front of the slurry storage tank, and a caterpillar track is arranged below the engine.
3. The multi-gradient bolting and grouting device for broken surrounding rock in high stress roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: An automatic rod changing device is arranged beside the four-channel composite drill rod, a telescopic arm is arranged below the automatic rod changing device, an unhooking oil cylinder is arranged in front of the automatic rod changing device, a gripper is arranged in front of the unhooking oil cylinder, and a dust removal cover is arranged in front of the gripper.
4. The multi-gradient bolting and grouting device for broken surrounding rock in high stress roadway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The four-channel composite drill rod passes through the dust removal cover, and the unhooking oil cylinder is connected with the gripper.
5. The multi-gradient bolting and grouting device for broken surrounding rock in high stress roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod body comprises, from outside to inside, the slurry outer layer channel, the slurry middle layer channel, the slurry inner layer channel and the center channel.
6. The multi-gradient bolting and grouting device for broken surrounding rock in high stress roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: An expansion sheet is connected behind the anchor rod body, a backing plate is connected behind the expansion sheet, and a slurry injection port is arranged behind the backing plate.
7. The high-stress roadway broken surrounding rock multi-gradient bolting and grouting reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slurry injection controller is arranged in front of the anchor rod body, and a grating pressure gauge is arranged on the slurry injection controller.
8. The multi-gradient bolting and grouting device for broken surrounding rock in high stress roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotary nozzle is arranged in front of the slurry injection controller, and a slurry outlet hole is arranged on the rotary nozzle.
9. The multi-gradient bolting and grouting device for broken surrounding rock in high stress roadway according to claim 8, characterized in that: An anchor head is arranged in front of the rotary nozzle.
10. A multi-gradient bolting and grouting reinforcement method for broken surrounding rock of a high-stress roadway, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, a microseismic sensor array is laid out to capture the main fissure direction; a sound wave cross-hole CT is used to identify the fissure opening distribution characteristics; S2, based on the detection results of S1, slurry injection parameters are matched, wherein the pressure parameters are generated by a critical slurry injection pressure threshold formula and a minimum effective diffusion pressure formula; for macro fissures, cement slurry is selected; for micro fissures, superfine cement-silica slurry is used; for nano pores, SiO2 nano sol is injected and a quick-setting agent is added; The critical slurry injection pressure threshold formula is as follows: ； In the formula: P max Critical grouting pressure, MPa; σ t Tensile strength of surrounding rock, MPa; σ c Uniaxial compressive strength of surrounding rock, MPa; The minimum effective diffusion pressure formula is as follows: ； wherein: — minimum effective diffusion pressure, MPa; μ — dynamic viscosity of the grout, Pa-s; L — grout diffusion path length, m; Q — grouting flow rate, m 3 / s; K — fracture permeability, m 2 ; — average fracture opening, m; JRC — fracture roughness coefficient; γ — correction coefficient; S3, the states of all components of the four-dimensional gradient drill-anchor integrated machine are checked, including the engine, the slurry storage tank, the power control device and the automatic rod changing device, to ensure normal operation of the equipment; different gradient slurry injection materials, such as coarse particle cement slurry, superfine cement and SiO2 nano sol, are injected into the slurry storage tank, and are connected with the drill rod channels through slurry conveying pipes; S4, the equipment is moved to the construction site by the caterpillar track of the integrated machine, the telescopic arm is operated to adjust the drilling angle of the four-channel composite drill rod, so that it meets the requirements of roadway construction; at the same time, a dust removal cover is installed in front of the gripper to prevent dust from entering the inside of the equipment during drilling; S5, drilling is performed by using the four-channel composite drill rod; when the four-channel composite drill rod drills to 3m, coarse slurry is injected into the slurry outer layer channel, and a compressed NPR anchor cable is implanted into the center channel; when the four-channel composite drill rod drills to 6m, fine slurry is injected into the slurry middle layer channel; when the final hole is drilled to 12m, nano slurry is injected into the slurry inner layer channel, and the expansion sheet is expanded to lock the four-channel composite drill rod; the NPR anchor cable is tensioned, and maintenance work is performed; The anchor expansion pressure is designed as follows: ； ； In the formula: - anchorage expansion pressure, MPa; - residual stress of surrounding rock, MPa; - slurry compaction strength, MPa; During drilling, dynamic feedback control is implemented, relying on real-time monitoring system to achieve accurate response, through distributed optical fiber monitoring of rock strain rate, when exceeding the threshold value, high pressure pulse grouting mode is triggered immediately; with resistivity CT imaging to track the diffusion of slurry, if the roof filling is insufficient, the drill bit nozzle is rotated to supplement the nano slurry; when the microseismic energy exceeds the threshold value, the system automatically stops the pump and starts the NPR anchor cable over tensioning; S6、After the construction is completed, the equipment systems are closed, the four-channel composite drill pipe joint of the automatic rod changing device is loosened, the four-channel composite drill pipe is removed, the equipment components are cleaned and inspected, the next operation is prepared, the slurry waste rate and anchor cable failure rate data are counted, and the construction effect is evaluated.