Carbon data full-process tracing system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon data tracing, and discloses a carbon data full-process tracing system and method, and the system comprises a communication right verification module which is used for building a communication baseline and main data right verification, and carrying out the data verification; the emission accounting generation module is used for acquiring emission source activity data and generating candidate accounts; the account checking message module is used for checking the candidate accounts and generating a checking message; the bill of material checking module is used for establishing a bill of material and checking the consistency of the bill of material and the purchase quantity; the carbon footprint evaluation module is used for calculating the carbon footprint of a unit product and generating a report; and the annual summarizing and tracing module is used for counting annual emission, establishing a tracing path and generating an external verification package. According to the invention, full-process acquisition, checking, evaluation and tracing of carbon data are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of carbon data traceability technology, specifically involving a carbon data full-process traceability system and method. Background Technology

[0002] As the global climate change problem becomes increasingly severe, carbon emission accounting and traceability have become crucial aspects of corporate social responsibility and compliance requirements. Existing carbon accounting systems largely rely on manual reporting or decentralized ledger records, lacking a unified data ownership mechanism and chain-like evidence storage methods. This leads to problems such as insufficient credibility, high risk of tampering, and incomplete traceability chains in the collection, transmission, storage, and verification of carbon emission data. Particularly in complex corporate supply chains, the relationships between emission sources, raw materials, and products are difficult to accurately map, easily resulting in data fragmentation, which in turn affects the authenticity and verifiability of carbon footprint assessments and compliance disclosures.

[0003] Furthermore, existing technologies often focus only on data management at a single stage, such as monitoring a single emission source or calculating a product's carbon footprint, lacking systematic control over the entire data lifecycle. From the collection of emission source activity data, emission calculation, accounting and documentation verification, and bill of materials verification, to product carbon footprint assessment and annual summary traceability, existing methods lack a connecting mechanism and cannot achieve two-way traceability from upstream raw materials to downstream products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a carbon data full-process traceability system and method, which solves the technical problems of scattered carbon emission data collection, fragmented accounting process, untraceable information, and lack of data consistency verification in related technologies.

[0005] This invention provides a carbon data end-to-end traceability system, including: The communication rights confirmation and verification module is used to establish communication baselines and master data rights confirmation, and to perform data verification. Among them, master data rights confirmation includes: records of emission source identification and emission coefficients, records of suppliers and raw materials and annual procurement volume, and records of permissions for organizations, roles and users. The emissions accounting generation module is used to obtain monthly activity data of emissions sources, calculate monthly emissions based on the emissions coefficients in the emissions source ownership records, and generate monthly accounting entries as candidate accounting documents. The document verification module is used to verify the monthly activity data and monthly emissions of candidate documents. After the verification is approved, the document status is locked as verified and an verification message is generated. The bill of materials verification module is used to create product entries and assign responsible persons, establish a bill of materials and bind raw material identifiers and unit product usage, and verify the consistency of the bill of materials with the annual purchase quantity. Once the consistency is verified, a confirmation message is generated.

[0006] The carbon footprint assessment module is used to select the statistical period to which the audited documentation belongs during the product carbon assessment process, calculate the material carbon footprint based on the carbon intensity of raw materials and the amount used per unit product in the bill of materials, calculate the manufacturing allocated carbon footprint based on the monthly emissions in the audited documentation, as well as the total carbon footprint per unit product, and generate a carbon footprint report. The annual summary traceability module is used to summarize the company's total annual emissions, upstream total annual emissions, and downstream total annual emissions, establish traceability paths from products to emission sources and from emission sources to products, and perform annual locking to generate external verification packages.

[0007] Furthermore, the communication baseline includes: request number, timestamp, service load digest value, digest value of the previous successful message, and signature information; The data verification includes: verifying the uniqueness of the request number, verifying the validity of the timestamp, verifying the integrity of the business load summary value, verifying the continuity of the previous successful message summary value, and verifying the identity and permissions of the signature information.

[0008] Furthermore, the monthly activity data is obtained based on the emission source identifier, and the monthly emission amount is obtained by multiplying the monthly activity data by the emission coefficient. The monthly activity data, emission coefficient and monthly emission amount are bound together, and the emission source identifier and timestamp are attached to form a monthly accounting entry as a candidate accounting document.

[0009] Furthermore, the candidate documentation is verified against monthly activity data and monthly emissions. Once approved, the documentation status is locked as "approved," and an approval message is generated, including: Step 11: Verify the monthly activity data and monthly emissions in each candidate account document, and compare the monthly emissions of the candidate account document with the corresponding monthly emissions of the previous statistical period. If the difference between the two exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, a review will be triggered. Step 12: After verification, update the status of the candidate account documents to "approved" and set read-only permissions. Step 13: Generate an audit message based on the audited documents and write it into the message chain. The audit message includes: request number, audit timestamp, summary value of the audited documents, summary of the previous message, auditor signature and auditor identifier.

[0010] Furthermore, step 11 specifically includes: Step 21: When the difference between the monthly emissions of the candidate account and the corresponding monthly emissions of the previous statistical period exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, the system generates an abnormal message. The abnormal message includes: the difference between the two, the preset fluctuation threshold, the submitter's identifier, and the generation timestamp. Step 22: Write the abnormal message into the message chain to form an abnormal chain node, and mark the status of the corresponding candidate account certificate as pending review; Step 23: Assign a review auditor, different from the initial review auditor, to review the candidate documents. The review auditor will perform a second check based on the monthly activity data, emission coefficients, and the difference between the two. If the review passes, a review report will be generated and the status of the candidate documents will be updated to "reviewed". If the review fails, a rejection report will be generated and the candidate documents will be marked as invalid.

[0011] Furthermore, establish product entries and bill of materials and perform consistency checks, including: Step 31: Create product entries and assign a person in charge to each product entry, and bind the person in charge's identifier to the product entry. The person in charge's identifier corresponds to the user identifier in the user rights confirmation record. Step 32: Create a bill of materials under the product item. The bill of materials consists of multiple raw material items. Each raw material item is bound to the raw material identifier in the confirmation record and the corresponding unit product usage is recorded. Step 33: Perform consistency verification between the total annual demand calculated from the bill of materials and the annual purchase quantity in the confirmation record. The total annual demand is obtained by multiplying the unit product usage by the annual output and summing the results. When the absolute value of the difference between the two is less than or equal to a first preset threshold, the verification is deemed successful. After the verification is successful, a confirmation message is generated and written into the message chain. The confirmation message includes: version information, verification result, generation timestamp, and signature of the person in charge.

[0012] Furthermore, in the product carbon assessment stage, the statistical period to which the audited documentation pertains belongs is selected. Based on the bill of materials and the audited documentation, the carbon footprint of each unit product is calculated, and a carbon footprint report is generated, including: Step 41: Determine the target product identifier and select the audited documents and vouchers within the statistical period, read the corresponding bill of materials, and obtain the output during the statistical period, as well as the monthly emissions of each emission source and the allocation coefficient to the product during the statistical period. Step 42: Accumulate the products of carbon intensity and unit product usage for each raw material item in the bill of materials to obtain the material carbon footprint per unit product. Step 43: Sum the products of the audited monthly emissions of each emission source during the statistical period and the allocation coefficient to obtain the total manufacturing emissions allocated to the target product, and calculate the ratio of the total manufacturing emissions to the output during the statistical period to obtain the manufacturing carbon footprint per unit product. Step 44: Add the material carbon footprint of a unit product to the manufacturing carbon footprint to obtain the total carbon footprint of a unit product; Step 45: Generate a carbon footprint report, which includes: material carbon footprint per unit product, manufacturing-allocated carbon footprint, and total carbon footprint.

[0013] Furthermore, the calculation process of the apportionment coefficient includes: Step 51: Calculate the annual output of the target product during the statistical period to obtain the target product output value; Step 52: Obtain the total monthly emissions of each emission source during the statistical period, and initially allocate them according to the proportion of annual output of each product to obtain the initial allocation coefficient. Step 53: Obtain the process energy consumption data of each product in the manufacturing process, and use it as a correction coefficient to perform weighted correction on the initial allocation coefficient to obtain the allocation coefficient. Step 54: Bind the allocation coefficient to the product identifier and write it into the review record for the statistical period.

[0014] Furthermore, the annual summary and traceability module specifically includes: Step 61: Based on the audited accounts and vouchers for each month of the year, sum up the monthly emissions of each emission source and obtain the company's total annual emissions. Step 62: Based on the raw material entries in the rights confirmation record and the bill of materials, use the raw material carbon intensity version information registered in the rights confirmation record to multiply the annual purchase quantity of each raw material by the corresponding carbon intensity and sum them up to obtain the total annual emissions of the upstream. Step 63: Based on the product of the total carbon footprint per unit product and the annual output of each product, and summed for all products, the total annual emissions of downstream products are obtained. Step 64: Establish the traceability path from the product to the emission source and the traceability path from the emission source to the product. The traceability path is stored in the form of a graph structure. Each path node of the traceability path corresponds to a unique product identifier or emission source identifier. The message chain field is recorded in the path node. The message chain field includes the request number, timestamp, and previous message summary value. Step 65: When all accounts and vouchers are in the audited state within the year, execute the year lock, set the annual data to read-only state, prohibit the addition, modification or deletion, and generate an external verification package. The external verification package includes four types of voucher lists: account and voucher list, material list, carbon footprint report and annual summary report.

[0015] This invention provides a method for end-to-end carbon data traceability, comprising the following steps: Step 71: Establish communication baseline and master data ownership, and perform data verification; wherein, master data ownership includes: records of emission source identification and emission coefficients, records of suppliers and raw materials and annual procurement volume, and records of permissions for organizations, roles and users; Step 72: Obtain monthly activity data of emission sources, calculate monthly emissions based on emission coefficients in emission source ownership records, and generate monthly accounting entries as candidate accounting documents. Step 73: Verify the monthly activity data and monthly emissions of the candidate vouchers. After the review is approved, lock the voucher status as approved and generate an review message. Step 74: Create product entries and assign responsible persons, establish a bill of materials and bind raw material identifiers and unit product usage, verify the consistency of the bill of materials with the annual purchase quantity, and generate a confirmation message after passing the verification.

[0016] Step 75: In the product carbon assessment stage, select the statistical period to which the audited documentation belongs, calculate the material carbon footprint based on the carbon intensity of raw materials and the amount used per unit product in the bill of materials, calculate the manufacturing carbon footprint based on the monthly emissions in the audited documentation, and the total carbon footprint per unit product, and generate a carbon footprint report. Step 76: Summarize the company's total annual emissions, upstream total annual emissions, and downstream total annual emissions, establish traceability paths from products to emission sources and from emission sources to products, and perform annual locking when all annual accounts and documents are in an audited state, generating an external verification package.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By establishing a communication baseline and master data ownership mechanism, this invention ensures the integrity, uniqueness, and traceability of carbon data during collection, transmission, and storage, effectively avoiding data tampering and issues of unknown origin; by introducing a monthly accounting entry and audit message mechanism, and through step-by-step verification and review, it achieves phased verification and locking of carbon emission data, ensuring the authority and reusability of basic data; by combining bills of materials and emission records, it calculates and generates the carbon footprint of each unit product, realizing full-chain accounting from raw materials to manufacturing; by establishing a multi-dimensional emission aggregation mechanism for enterprises, upstream, and downstream, and constructing a traceability path through a graph structure, it achieves bidirectional traceability between emission data and products. The final generated external verification package can be disclosed and verified as an authoritative certificate, improving the transparency and credibility of carbon data management, thereby providing systematic and refined technical support for enterprise carbon accounting, carbon emission reduction, and compliance disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modules of the carbon data full-process traceability system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the carbon data end-to-end traceability system includes: The communication rights confirmation and verification module 1 is used to establish the communication baseline and master data rights confirmation, and to perform data verification. The master data rights confirmation includes: records of emission source identification and emission coefficients, records of suppliers and raw materials and annual procurement volume, and records of permissions of organizations, roles and users. Emission accounting generation module 2 is used to obtain monthly activity data of emission sources, calculate monthly emissions based on emission coefficients in emission source confirmation records, and generate monthly accounting entries as candidate accounting documents. The document verification message module 3 is used to verify the monthly activity data and monthly emissions of candidate documents. After the verification is approved, the document status is locked as verified and an verification message containing verification information and summary value is generated. The Bill of Materials (BOM) verification module 4 is used to create product entries and assign responsible persons, establish a BOM and bind raw material identifiers and unit product usage, and verify the consistency of the BOM with the annual purchase quantity. Once the consistency is verified, a confirmation message is generated.

[0021] The carbon footprint assessment module 5 is used to select the statistical period to which the audited documentation belongs in the product carbon assessment process, calculate the material carbon footprint based on the carbon intensity of raw materials and the amount used per unit product in the bill of materials, calculate the manufacturing allocated carbon footprint based on the monthly emissions in the audited documentation, as well as the total carbon footprint per unit product, and generate a carbon footprint report. The annual summary traceability module 6 is used to summarize the company's total annual emissions, upstream total annual emissions, and downstream total annual emissions, establish traceability paths from products to emission sources and from emission sources to products, and perform annual locking to generate external verification packages.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the master data ownership confirmation is used to uniquely confirm and permanently store the basic data required for subsequent carbon emission data collection and processing. Specifically, this includes: generating a unique emission source identifier for each emission source and recording its corresponding emission coefficient; the emission coefficient is used to represent the emission intensity of the emission source under unit activity data conditions. Master data ownership confirmation also includes supplier and raw material ownership records, wherein a unique raw material identifier is established for each raw material, and the corresponding annual purchase quantity is recorded. Master data ownership confirmation also includes permission records for organizations, roles, and users, used to define the boundaries of responsibility and scope of authority for different users in data entry, review, and modeling operations.

[0023] The communication baseline includes: request number, timestamp, service load digest value, previous successful message digest value, and signature information; wherein, the service load digest value is calculated by a hash function on the submitted data content and is used to verify whether the data has been tampered with during transmission; the previous successful message digest value is used to form a chain-like sequential relationship, thereby realizing the continuity of the data chain; the signature information is generated based on a key algorithm and is used to confirm the submitter's identity and verify their operation authority.

[0024] The data verification includes: verifying the uniqueness of the request number to avoid duplicate submissions; verifying the validity of the timestamp to ensure that the submission operation is within the allowed time frame; verifying the integrity of the business load digest value to confirm that the transmitted data content has not been tampered with; verifying the continuity of the digest value of the previous successful message to ensure the integrity and order of the message chain; and verifying the identity and permissions of the signature information to confirm that the submitter's identity is authentic and that they have the corresponding operation permissions.

[0025] The above process ensures the security and uniqueness of master data ownership information when it is written into the system, and guarantees the continuity and tamper-proof nature of messages in the communication baseline, thus providing a reliable foundation for subsequent carbon data collection, calculation, verification, and traceability. This method not only improves the reliability of data processing but also ensures complete traceability based on the message chain at any subsequent stage.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the monthly activity data is obtained based on emission source identification, and the monthly emission amount is obtained by multiplying the monthly activity data by an emission coefficient. The monthly activity data, emission coefficient, and monthly emission amount are bound together, and an emission source identification and timestamp are added to form a monthly accounting entry as a candidate accounting document. The monthly activity data refers to the activity volume of an emission source within a specific statistical month, such as electricity consumption, natural gas consumption, fuel consumption, or production output. The monthly activity data is obtained through monitoring equipment collection or manual entry.

[0027] This embodiment ensures a one-to-one correspondence between emission data and rights confirmation records by binding emission source identifiers with emission coefficients, avoiding problems such as unclear data sources or inconsistent coefficient usage; through timestamps and structured storage, it guarantees the traceability and immutability of monthly accounting entries.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the candidate voucher is verified against monthly activity data and monthly emissions. After the verification is approved, the voucher status is locked as verified, and an verification message containing verification information and a summary value is generated, including: Step 11: Verify the monthly activity data and monthly emissions in each candidate account document, and compare the monthly emissions of the candidate account document with the corresponding monthly emissions of the previous statistical period. If the difference between the two exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, a review will be triggered. Step 12: After verification, update the status of the candidate documentation to "approved" and set read-only permissions to prevent it from being tampered with or overwritten in subsequent processes. Through status locking and access control, ensure that the approved documentation serves as the sole legitimate data source for subsequent carbon footprint modeling and annual summarization. Step 13: Generate an audit message based on the audited documents and write it into the message chain. The audit message includes: request number, audit timestamp, summary value of the audited documents, summary of the previous message, auditor signature and auditor identifier.

[0029] Through the above implementation process, the present invention can realize the item-by-item verification and cross-period comparison of candidate accounts and vouchers, ensuring that the account and voucher data undergoes complete verification before being locked, and preventing abnormal data from entering the subsequent modeling stage; by generating an audit message containing a summary and signature and writing it into the message chain, the audit record of the account and voucher has traceability and non-repudiation.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 11 specifically includes: Step 21: When the difference between the monthly emissions of the candidate account certificate and the corresponding monthly emissions of the previous statistical period exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, the system generates an abnormal message to record the abnormal situation. The abnormal message includes: the difference between the two, the preset fluctuation threshold, the submitter's identifier, and the generation timestamp. Step 22: Write the abnormal message into the message chain to form an abnormal chain node, and mark the status of the corresponding candidate account / document as pending review. The message chain is a chained storage structure that links the message digest values ​​of successive messages, ensuring data continuity and tamper-proofing. By embedding abnormal situations in the message chain, it can be ensured that all abnormal handling processes are traceable. Step 23: Assign a review auditor, different from the initial review auditor, to review the candidate documents. The review auditor will perform a second check based on the monthly activity data, emission coefficients, and the difference between the two to verify the consistency and reasonableness of the data. If the review passes, a review message will be generated and the status of the candidate documents will be updated to "reviewed". If the review fails, a rejection message will be generated and the candidate documents will be marked as invalid. The review message and the rejection message will also be written into the message chain to store the results of the review passing or rejection, respectively.

[0031] Through the above implementation methods, this invention introduces an anomaly handling and review mechanism into the accounting and documentation review process. This effectively identifies abnormal fluctuations in monthly emissions and ensures the objectivity and impartiality of data review through secondary verification by different auditors. Simultaneously, by utilizing chained storage of anomaly messages, review messages, and rejection messages, the entire anomaly handling process is fully traceable and auditable, enhancing the system's data credibility and security.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, establishing product entries and a bill of materials and performing consistency verification includes: Step 31: Create product entries and assign a person in charge to each product entry. Bind the person in charge's identifier to the product entry. The person in charge's identifier corresponds to the user identifier in the user rights confirmation record to ensure that the subsequent creation and verification process of the bill of materials has a traceable responsible party. Step 32: Create a bill of materials under the product item. The bill of materials consists of multiple raw material items. Each raw material item is bound to the raw material identifier in the ownership record to ensure the uniqueness and consistency of the raw material reference. The corresponding unit product usage is also recorded, that is, the amount of raw materials required to produce one unit of the product. Through this binding method, the bill of materials is consistent with the raw material record in the master data ownership record, avoiding the situation where the source of raw materials is unclear or tampered with. Step 33: Verify the consistency between the estimated annual demand from the bill of materials and the annual purchase quantity in the confirmation record. The annual demand is obtained by multiplying the unit product usage by the annual output and summing the results. The annual demand reflects the total amount of raw materials that the product should theoretically consume within the year. When the absolute value of the difference between the two is less than or equal to a first preset threshold, the verification is considered successful. After the verification is successful, a confirmation message is generated and written into the message chain. The confirmation message includes: version information, verification result, generation timestamp, and signature of the person in charge. If the verification fails, a reviewer is assigned to review it. If the review confirms that the difference is abnormal, a rejection message is generated, and the bill of materials is marked as invalid.

[0033] Through the above implementation methods, this invention can simultaneously verify the consistency between raw material usage and annual procurement volume while establishing product entries. This ensures both the accuracy of the product bill of materials and the matching relationship between raw material consumption data and supply chain data. This process achieves closed-loop verification between the production and supply stages, improving the credibility and completeness of carbon data traceability.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, during the product carbon assessment stage, the statistical period to which the audited documentation belongs is selected, the carbon footprint of each unit product is calculated based on the bill of materials and the audited documentation, and a carbon footprint report is generated, including: Step 41: Determine the target product identifier and select the audited documents within the statistical period, read the corresponding bill of materials, and obtain the output during the statistical period, as well as the monthly emissions of each emission source and the allocation coefficient to the product during the statistical period; wherein, the allocation coefficient is used to represent the proportion of the emissions of a certain emission source among different products during the statistical period, so as to achieve fair allocation across products. Step 42: The carbon intensity of each raw material item in the bill of materials is multiplied by the amount used per unit product to obtain the material carbon footprint of the unit product, which is used to reflect the emission level of the product in the raw material use stage. Step 43: Based on the sum of the products of the audited monthly emissions of each emission source and the allocation coefficient during the statistical period, the total manufacturing emissions allocated to the target product are obtained, and the ratio of the total manufacturing emissions to the output during the statistical period is calculated to obtain the manufacturing carbon footprint per unit product, which is used to reflect the emission level of the product in the production and manufacturing process. Step 44: Add the material carbon footprint of a unit product to the manufacturing carbon footprint to obtain the total carbon footprint of a unit product, which is used to comprehensively measure the carbon emission level of the product during the statistical period. Step 45: Generate a carbon footprint report, which includes: material carbon footprint per unit product, manufacturing-allocated carbon footprint, and total carbon footprint.

[0035] Through the above implementation process, this invention can achieve accurate accounting and decomposition of carbon footprint at the product level, ensuring the independence and traceability of carbon emissions in the raw material and manufacturing processes, improving the transparency and verifiability of carbon accounting, and providing strong support for corporate carbon emission management and carbon compliance.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation process of the apportionment coefficient includes: Step 51: Calculate the annual output of the target product during the statistical period to obtain the target product output value; Step 52: Obtain the total monthly emissions of each emission source during the statistical period, and initially allocate them according to the proportion of annual output of each product to obtain the initial allocation coefficient. Step 53: Obtain the process energy consumption data of each product in the manufacturing process, and use it as a correction coefficient to perform weighted correction on the initial allocation coefficient to obtain the allocation coefficient; the process energy consumption data can be electricity consumption, gas consumption or equipment working hours data; by introducing process energy consumption data for weighted correction, the actual situation of energy consumption differences of different products in the manufacturing process can be reflected, thereby avoiding the deviation caused by simply allocating according to output. Step 54: Bind the allocation coefficient to the product identifier and write it into the review record for the statistical period.

[0037] Through the above process, this invention not only achieves initial allocation based on production ratio, but also improves the rationality of the allocation coefficient by introducing process energy consumption data for correction. This method can more accurately reflect the actual carbon emission load of different products in the manufacturing process, improve the fairness and traceability of carbon accounting results, and provide a reliable data foundation for generating product carbon footprint reports.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the annual summary and traceability module specifically includes: Step 61: Based on the audited accounts and vouchers for each month of the year, sum up the monthly emissions of each emission source and obtain the company's total annual emissions. Step 62: Based on the raw material entries in the rights confirmation record and the bill of materials, use the raw material carbon intensity version information registered in the rights confirmation record to multiply the annual purchase quantity of each raw material by the corresponding carbon intensity and sum them up to obtain the total annual emissions of the upstream. Step 63: Based on the product of the total carbon footprint per unit product and the annual output of each product, and summed for all products, the total annual emissions of downstream products are obtained. Step 64: Establish traceability paths from the product to the emission source and from the emission source to the product. These traceability paths are stored in a graph structure. Each path node corresponds to a unique product identifier or emission source identifier. A message chain field is recorded in each path node, including a request number, timestamp, and the previous message digest value, used to achieve data association and sequence verification between path nodes. This graph structure enables forward queries from the final product to the emission source and reverse queries from the emission source to the final product, thus ensuring the end-to-end traceability of carbon emission data. Step 65: When all accounts and vouchers are in the audited state within the year, execute the year lock, set the annual data to read-only state, prohibit the addition, modification or deletion, and generate an external verification package. The external verification package includes four types of voucher lists: account and voucher list, material list, carbon footprint report and annual summary report. This verification package can provide standardized data vouchers for external audits or third-party verifications, ensuring the transparency and credibility of the verification process.

[0039] Through the synergistic effect of the above steps, this invention not only achieves full-chain statistics of enterprise annual emissions, but also establishes a two-way traceability path from emission source to product. Furthermore, through annual locking and the generation of external verification packages, it provides complete technical support for the long-term preservation, third-party verification, and compliant disclosure of carbon emission data.

[0040] This embodiment also provides a method for full-process carbon data traceability, including the following steps: Step 71: Establish communication baseline and master data ownership, and perform data verification; wherein, master data ownership includes: records of emission source identification and emission coefficients, records of suppliers and raw materials and annual procurement volume, and records of permissions for organizations, roles and users; Step 72: Obtain monthly activity data of emission sources, calculate monthly emissions based on emission coefficients in emission source ownership records, and generate monthly accounting entries as candidate accounting documents. Step 73: Verify the monthly activity data and monthly emissions of the candidate vouchers. After the review is approved, lock the voucher status as "reviewed" and generate an review message containing review information and summary value. Step 74: Create product entries and assign responsible persons, establish a bill of materials and bind raw material identifiers and unit product usage, verify the consistency of the bill of materials with the annual purchase quantity, and generate a confirmation message containing version information and verification results after passing the verification.

[0041] Step 75: In the product carbon assessment stage, select the statistical period to which the audited documentation belongs, calculate the material carbon footprint based on the carbon intensity of raw materials and the amount used per unit product in the bill of materials, calculate the manufacturing carbon footprint based on the monthly emissions in the audited documentation, and the total carbon footprint per unit product, and generate a carbon footprint report. Step 76: Summarize the company's total annual emissions, upstream total annual emissions, and downstream total annual emissions, establish traceability paths from products to emission sources and from emission sources to products, and perform annual locking when all annual accounts and documents are in an audited state, generating an external verification package.

[0042] It should be noted that the interval and threshold sizes are set for ease of comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the base number set by those skilled in the art for each set of sample data, as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value. Furthermore, the above formulas are all dimensionless calculations, and the formulas are derived from software simulations using a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms based on the guidance of the present embodiments, all of which are within the protection scope of the present embodiments.

Claims

1. A carbon data full-process tracing system, characterized in that, The application comprises: A communication authentication verification module for establishing a communication baseline and main data authentication, and performing data verification; wherein the main data authentication comprises: records of emission source identification and emission coefficient, records of suppliers and raw materials and annual purchase quantity, and permission records of organization, role and user; An emission accounting generation module for obtaining monthly activity data of emission sources, calculating monthly emission quantity according to the emission coefficient in the emission source authentication record, and forming monthly accounting items as candidate account certificates; An account certificate audit message module for checking the monthly activity data and monthly emission quantity of the candidate account certificates, locking the account certificate status as audited after the audit is passed, and generating an audit message; A bill of materials checking module for creating product items and specifying responsible persons, establishing a bill of materials and binding raw material identification and unit product consumption, performing consistency check on the bill of materials and annual purchase quantity, and generating a confirmation message after passing; A carbon footprint assessment module for selecting a statistical period to which the audited account certificate belongs in the product carbon assessment link, calculating material carbon footprint according to the carbon intensity of raw materials in the bill of materials and unit product consumption, calculating manufacturing apportioned carbon footprint according to the monthly emission quantity in the audited account certificate, and calculating the total carbon footprint of unit product, and generating a carbon footprint report; An annual summary and traceability module for summarizing enterprise annual total emission, upstream annual total emission, downstream annual total emission, establishing product to emission source and emission source to product traceability path, and performing annual locking, and generating an external verification package.

2. The carbon data full-process tracing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication baseline comprises: request number, timestamp, business load digest value, last successful message digest value and signature information; The data verification comprises: uniqueness verification of the request number, validity verification of the timestamp, integrity verification of the business load digest value, continuity verification of the last successful message digest value, and identity and permission verification of the signature information.

3. The carbon data whole-process tracing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monthly activity data is obtained based on the emission source identification, the monthly emission quantity is obtained by multiplying the monthly activity data and the emission coefficient, and the monthly accounting items as candidate account certificates are constituted by binding the monthly activity data, the emission coefficient and the monthly emission quantity, and adding the emission source identification and the timestamp.

4. The carbon data whole-process tracing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monthly activity data and the monthly emission quantity of the candidate account certificates are checked, the account certificate status is locked as audited after the audit is passed, and an audit message is generated, comprising: Step 11, checking the monthly activity data and the monthly emission quantity in the candidate account certificates, and comparing the monthly emission quantity in the candidate account certificates with the corresponding monthly emission quantity in the previous statistical period, if the difference between the two exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, triggering recheck; Step 12, updating the status of the candidate account certificates to audited and setting read-only permission after the check is passed; Step 13, generating an audit message based on the audited account certificate and writing it into the message chain, the audit message comprising: request number, audit timestamp, digest value of the audited account certificate, last message digest, auditor signature and auditor identification.

5. The carbon data full-cycle tracking system of claim 4, wherein, The step 11 specifically comprises: Step 21, when the difference between the monthly emissions of the candidate account and the corresponding monthly emissions of the previous statistical period exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, the system generates an abnormal message, which includes: the difference, the preset fluctuation threshold, the submitter identifier and the generation timestamp; Step 22, write the abnormal message into the message chain to form an abnormal chain node, and mark the state of the corresponding candidate account as pending review; Step 23, assign a review auditor different from the preliminary auditor to review the candidate account, and the review auditor performs secondary verification according to the monthly activity data, the emission coefficient and the difference between the two, if the review passes, generate a review message and update the candidate account status to audited, if the review fails, generate a rejection message and mark the candidate account as invalid.

6. The carbon data full-cycle tracking system of claim 1, wherein, Establish product items and bill of materials and perform consistency check, including: Step 31, create product items and assign a responsible person to each product item, bind the responsible person identifier with the product item, and the responsible person identifier corresponds to the user identifier in the user authorization record; Step 32, establish a bill of materials under the product item, which is composed of multiple raw material items, each raw material item binds the raw material identifier in the authorization record, and records the corresponding unit product consumption; Step 33, perform consistency check on the total annual demand calculated by the bill of materials and the annual purchase amount in the authorization record, wherein the total annual demand is obtained by multiplying the unit product consumption by the annual output and accumulating; when the absolute value of the difference is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, it is determined that the check is passed, and a confirmation message is generated after the check is passed and written into the message chain, the confirmation message includes: version information, verification result, generation timestamp and responsible person signature.

7. The carbon data full-cycle tracking system of claim 1, wherein, In the product carbon assessment link, select the statistical period to which the audited account belongs, calculate the carbon footprint of the unit product based on the bill of materials and the audited account, and generate a carbon footprint report, including: Step 41, determine the target product identifier and select the audited account in the statistical period, read the corresponding bill of materials, and obtain the statistical period output, as well as the monthly emissions of each emission source in the statistical period and the allocation coefficient allocated to the product; Step 42, accumulate the product of the carbon intensity of each raw material item in the bill of materials and the unit product consumption to obtain the material carbon footprint of the unit product; Step 43, sum the product of the audited monthly emissions of each emission source in the statistical period and the allocation coefficient to obtain the total manufacturing emissions allocated to the target product, and calculate the ratio of the total manufacturing emissions to the statistical period output to obtain the manufacturing allocation carbon footprint of the unit product; Step 44, add the material carbon footprint of the unit product and the manufacturing allocation carbon footprint to obtain the total carbon footprint of the unit product; Step 45, generate a carbon footprint report, which includes: the material carbon footprint, the manufacturing allocation carbon footprint and the total carbon footprint of the unit product.

8. The carbon data full-cycle tracking system of claim 7, wherein, The calculation process of the allocation coefficient includes: Step 51, count the annual output of the target product in the statistical period to obtain the target product output value; Step 52, obtain the monthly emission amount of each emission source in the statistical period, and initially allocate it according to the proportion of the annual production of each product to obtain the initial allocation coefficient; Step 53, obtain the process energy consumption data of each product in the manufacturing link, and use it as a correction coefficient to weight and correct the initial allocation coefficient to obtain the allocation coefficient; Step 54, bind the allocation coefficient with the product identifier, and write it into the review record of the statistical period.

9. The carbon data full-cycle tracking system of claim 1, wherein, The annual summary tracking module specifically includes: Step 61, based on the audited accounts and certificates of each month in the year, monthly emission amounts of each emission source are accumulated month by month and summed up to obtain the total annual emission of the enterprise; Step 62, based on the material list and the raw material items in the right record, the annual procurement amount of each raw material is multiplied by the corresponding carbon intensity version information recorded in the right record to obtain the upstream annual total emission; Step 63, based on the product of the total carbon footprint of each product per unit product and the annual production, and summing up all products, the downstream annual total emission is obtained; Step 64, establish the tracking path from product to emission source and the tracking path from emission source to product, the tracking path is stored in the form of a graph structure, and each tracking path node corresponds to a unique product identifier or emission source identifier, and a message chain field is recorded in the path node, the message chain field includes request number, timestamp and previous message digest value; Step 65, when all accounts and certificates in the year are in the audited state, execute annual locking, set the annual data to read-only state, prohibit adding, modifying or deleting, and generate an external verification package, the external verification package includes: account certificate list, material list, carbon footprint report and annual summary report four types of certificate list.

10. A carbon data full-process tracing method, characterized by, The carbon data full-process tracking system according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: Step 71, establish a communication baseline and main data right, and perform data verification; wherein, the main data right includes: the record of emission source identifier and emission coefficient, the record of supplier and raw material and annual procurement quantity, and the permission record of organization, role and user; Step 72, obtain the monthly activity data of the emission source, calculate the monthly emission amount according to the emission coefficient in the emission source right record, and form the monthly accounting item as a candidate account certificate; Step 73, check the monthly activity data and monthly emission amount of the candidate account certificate, and lock the account certificate state to audited after passing the audit, and generate an audit message; Step 74, create a product item and specify the responsible person, establish a material list and bind the raw material identifier and the unit product consumption, and the material list is consistent with the annual procurement quantity, and the confirmation message is generated after passing; Step 75, select the statistical period to which the audited account certificate belongs in the product carbon assessment link, calculate the material carbon footprint according to the raw material carbon intensity in the material list and the unit product consumption, calculate the manufacturing allocation carbon footprint according to the monthly emission amount in the audited account certificate, and the total carbon footprint of the unit product, and generate a carbon footprint report; Step 76, aggregate the total annual emissions of the enterprise, the total annual emissions of the upstream, the total annual emissions of the downstream, establish the traceability path from product to emission source and from emission source to product, and perform annual locking when all the annual accounts and certificates are in the audited state, and generate an external verification package.

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