Multi-mode respiratory training system for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on behavioral design theory

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rehabilitation medical equipment and services, discloses a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease multi-mode respiratory training system based on behavioral design science, and aims to solve the technical problems that an existing respiratory training product is poor in patient compliance, poor in user experience and lack of personalized behavior guidance. The system comprises a hardware equipment cluster and a software service platform, a multi-dimensional intervention architecture is constructed based on an FBM behavior model, and closed-loop services of respiratory training, drug management, health monitoring and rehabilitation support are realized through an motivation promotion module, a capability optimization module, a multi-sensory prompt module and a data interaction module. The system effectively stimulates the training enthusiasm of a patient, reduces the operation threshold, improves the training and medication compliance, improves the respiratory function and life quality of the patient, reduces the consumption of medical resources, and has remarkable clinical application value and social and economic benefits through deep fusion of behavioral design and a multi-modal rehabilitation technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of COPD rehabilitation medical equipment and services, and more specifically, relates to a COPD multimodal breathing training system based on behavioral design. Background Technology

[0002] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It has a high prevalence, disability rate, and mortality rate, resulting in a heavy disease burden. Statistics show that approximately 100 million people in my country suffer from COPD, with a prevalence rate of 13.6% in people aged 40 and above, and this rate is increasing annually. More than one million people die from COPD each year, and it is estimated that the number of people with COPD worldwide will approach 600 million by 2050. COPD not only leads to a decline in respiratory function but also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, 36%-53% of patients experience psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, severely reducing treatment adherence and quality of life.

[0003] Currently, COPD treatment primarily combines drug therapy and non-drug therapy. Breathing training, as a core non-drug intervention, is highly recommended by domestic and international guidelines for its ability to strengthen respiratory muscles, improve cardiopulmonary function, and reduce psychological stress. However, the effectiveness of breathing training heavily relies on long-term patient adherence, and existing products have several shortcomings: First, insufficient patient motivation, with training being monotonous and lacking effective incentive mechanisms, leading to generally poor rehabilitation compliance; second, high operational barriers, with complex equipment parameters and unreasonable interactive design, making it difficult to adapt to middle-aged and elderly patients; third, insufficient feedback mechanisms, lacking real-time movement correction and visualization of rehabilitation progress; fourth, fragmented services, failing to achieve synergistic linkage between breathing training, medication management, and health monitoring; and fifth, neglect of psychological intervention and social support, failing to address both the physiological and psychological rehabilitation needs of patients.

[0004] Behavioral design, an interdisciplinary field integrating psychology, behavioral science, and design, guides user behavior change through conscious design activities and has proven effective in improving patient adherence in healthcare fields such as diabetes management and weight loss. However, current technologies lack a multimodal integrated system that deeply integrates behavioral design theory with COPD breathing training, covering the entire process of "training-medication-monitoring-support," making it difficult to meet the comprehensive needs of long-term home rehabilitation for COPD patients. Therefore, developing a multimodal breathing training system based on behavioral design to address the technical shortcomings of existing products is crucial for improving COPD rehabilitation outcomes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a COPD multimodal breathing training system based on behavioral design, which solves the technical problems of existing COPD breathing training products, such as low patient training and medication adherence, high operational threshold, lack of personalized guidance and multi-terminal collaborative management based on behavioral design, and failure to take into account both physiological and psychological rehabilitation needs.

[0006] A multimodal respiratory training system for COPD based on behavioral design principles includes a hardware cluster and a software service platform. The hardware cluster includes a respiratory trainer, a respiratory-driven aerosol inhaler, a smart bracelet, and a base. The software service platform is a patient-side app. The system constructs a multi-dimensional intervention architecture based on the FBM (Motivation-Capability-Cueing) behavioral model to achieve a closed-loop service for COPD patients' respiratory training, medication management, health monitoring, and rehabilitation support. Specifically, it includes: a motivation enhancement module, which stimulates patient training adherence through goal setting, reward feedback, and social support; a capability optimization module, which lowers the training threshold through simplified operation procedures, adaptable hardware design, and multi-terminal interconnection; a multi-sensory cueing module, which enables precise triggering of training and medication through visual, auditory, and voice guidance; and a data interaction module, which enables real-time synchronization and analysis of physiological data, training data, and medication data between the hardware devices and the app, supporting dynamic optimization of personalized rehabilitation plans.

[0007] Preferably, the motivation enhancement module specifically includes: establishing tiered rehabilitation goals, setting phased training durations and respiratory parameter target values ​​based on the patient's disease stage (GOLDI-IV); constructing a multi-level reward mechanism, including training points, rehabilitation level advancement, and achievement badges, with points redeemable for rehabilitation-related services or goods; a rehabilitation data visualization unit, which displays the improvement of respiratory function, training completion rate, and medication adherence rate in real time through trend charts and health index curves; and a social support unit, which integrates a patient mutual aid community, a family collaborative supervision portal, and a doctor's remote feedback channel to achieve multi-party participation in the training process.

[0008] Preferably, the capability optimization module specifically includes: a minimalist APP interface that supports one-button start training and automatic loading of personalized training plans, reducing operation steps to within 3 steps; a breathing trainer equipped with adjustable resistance and airflow speed parameter modules to adapt to the training needs of patients with different lung function levels; ergonomic design of all hardware devices, with non-slip soft material on the grip of the breathing trainer, and a lightweight smart bracelet with adjustable wrist circumference to reduce fatigue from long-term wear; and a multi-terminal interconnection unit to achieve data exchange between the breathing trainer, drug inhaler, and smart bracelet, enabling real-time linkage analysis of training data and physiological indicators.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-sensory prompting module specifically includes: a visual prompting unit, with the APP interface using blue as the main color scheme, a breathing light on the base synchronized with the training rhythm, and animations demonstrating standard breathing postures during training; an auditory prompting unit, with a built-in 60-80 BPM sedative music library, playing rhythmic guidance sounds during training, and real-time voice broadcasting of breathing stages (inhalation-breath holding-exhalation); and a schedule reminder unit, which pushes training time and medication time reminders based on the patient's daily routine, and supports customizable reminder frequency and methods.

[0010] Preferably, the collaborative mechanism between the hardware device cluster and the software service platform includes: the base serves as a data relay station and charging dock, supporting wireless charging and data synchronization of the breathing trainer and drug inhaler, and displaying training progress and device status in real time through a smart screen; the APP receives heart rate and blood oxygen saturation data collected by the smart bracelet, and automatically adjusts the resistance parameters and training duration of the breathing trainer when physiological indicators are abnormal; the doctor remotely obtains patient training data and physiological monitoring data through the APP, adjusts the training plan and medication regimen in real time, and feeds back to the patient.

[0011] Preferably, the breathing trainer integrates multi-mode training functions, including relaxation mode (4-7-8 breathing method, box breathing method), rehabilitation mode (abdominal breathing, pursed-lip breathing, active circulation breathing technique) and endurance training mode, and has a built-in respiratory parameter monitoring sensor to collect respiratory rate, respiratory depth and airflow velocity data in real time, generate training effect analysis reports through APP, and remind patients to correct their movements through vibration feedback when the training movements are not standard.

[0012] Preferably, the software service platform further includes a personalized training plan generation unit. This unit dynamically adjusts the training mode, training duration, and resistance parameters through algorithms based on the patient's basic information (age, gender, disease stage), physiological monitoring data (lung function indicators, heart rate variability), and training history data, to achieve a cyclical iteration of "assessment-training-feedback-optimization".

[0013] Preferably, the breathing-driven aerosol inhaler has a quantitative delivery function, which monitors the drug inhalation dose and inhalation rate through sensors and generates inhalation quality assessment results. When the inhalation quality is not up to standard, the APP pushes a standardized inhalation operation video and links with the breathing trainer to push targeted breathing control training to improve the effectiveness of drug inhalation.

[0014] Preferably, the smart bracelet uses photoplethysmography (PPG) to monitor heart rate and blood oxygen saturation, and uses a triaxial accelerometer to track motion and monitor respiratory rate. When blood oxygen saturation is detected to be below 90% or respiratory rate is abnormal, an APP health warning is triggered. It also integrates an emergency call function, allowing patients to send location information and help signals to preset contacts (family members, doctors) by pressing and holding the bracelet button.

[0015] Preferably, the patient-side APP also includes an AI assistant module, which has the following functions: providing real-time training guidance and Q&A based on training data and physiological indicators; pushing relaxation techniques and psychological support content based on the patient's psychological state assessment results; generating periodic health reports, including respiratory function improvement trends, medication adherence analysis, and training achievement status, providing data support for doctor-patient communication; and integrating a family interaction unit to allow family members to view the patient's recovery progress, send encouraging messages, and enhance the patient's training motivation.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] Significantly improves training and medication adherence: Based on the FBM behavior model, the triple intervention mechanism stimulates patients' intrinsic motivation through tiered rehabilitation goals, multi-level reward mechanisms, and social support. The user threshold is reduced by extremely simple operation and adaptable hardware design. Multi-sensory cues are used to accurately trigger training and medication behavior, effectively solving the problem of poor adherence caused by insufficient motivation, complicated operation, and lack of guidance.

[0018] Optimize breathing training effects: The system integrates multimodal training functions such as relaxation mode, rehabilitation mode, and endurance training mode. Combined with real-time physiological data collection from the smart bracelet and breathing trainer, it generates personalized training plans through algorithms to achieve iterative cycle of assessment-training-feedback-optimization. At the same time, through real-time feedback methods such as vibration feedback, waveform comparison, and voice correction, it ensures the standardization of training movements and significantly improves respiratory muscle strength, breathing efficiency, and lung function.

[0019] Achieving coordinated management of medication and training: The respiratory-driven aerosol inhaler forms a closed-loop synergy with the breathing trainer and the APP. Through inhalation quality monitoring and targeted breathing control training, the effectiveness of drug inhalation is improved. Medication reminders and training plans are linked to adapt to the patient's routine, solving the problems of poor medication adherence and non-standard inhalation operation, and achieving a synergistic effect of training enhancing efficacy and medication supporting rehabilitation.

[0020] Balancing physiological and psychological rehabilitation needs: The system integrates psychological support modules and social interaction functions. Through AI assistants pushing relaxation techniques, patient mutual aid communities sharing rehabilitation experiences, and family members cooperating in supervision and conveying encouragement, it effectively alleviates the anxiety and depression of COPD patients. At the same time, it enhances patients' confidence in rehabilitation by visualizing rehabilitation data to show the trend of health improvement, thus achieving dual rehabilitation of both physiology and psychology.

[0021] Improving the accessibility and convenience of rehabilitation services: The system is adapted to home rehabilitation scenarios, and the hardware devices adopt an ergonomic design. The operation steps are simplified to within 3 steps, which is suitable for the usage habits of middle-aged and elderly users. The telemedicine function allows doctors to view patients' training and physiological data in real time, and issue personalized guidance, breaking the limitations of time and space, so that patients can obtain professional rehabilitation support without frequent trips to the hospital, thereby improving the accessibility of rehabilitation services.

[0022] Reduce medical resource consumption and disease burden: Through long-term standardized breathing training and medication management, the frequency of acute exacerbations and hospitalization rates of COPD patients can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the consumption of medical resources caused by disease deterioration. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a simplified block diagram of the behavioral design intervention logic in this invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a simplified flowchart of the hardware and software collaborative training process in this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a simplified block diagram of data interaction in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1-3 This invention provides a multimodal respiratory training system for COPD based on behavioral design. The system utilizes the FBM (Motivation-Ability-Cueing) behavioral model to construct an integrated hardware and software closed-loop architecture. Its core implementation involves a collaborative mechanism: data collection by a cluster of hardware devices, analysis and decision-making by a software service platform, and execution feedback from multi-dimensional intervention modules. The overall system architecture includes a cluster of hardware devices (respiratory trainer, respiratory-driven aerosol inhaler, smart bracelet, and base) and a software service platform (patient-side app and doctor-side backend). All components achieve real-time data interaction through technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Bluetooth 5.0, and Wi-Fi 6, supporting seamless switching between home, community, and medical institution scenarios.

[0028] Hardware device cluster:

[0029] (a) Breathing trainer:

[0030] Featuring a handheld, integrated design, the main body is made of medical-grade ABS resin, with a silicone anti-slip layer covering the grip area. Weighing less than 150g, it meets the ergonomic needs of middle-aged and elderly patients. The device has a breathing interface at the front (compatible with disposable sterile mouthpieces), a resistance adjustment knob on the side, and an integrated OLED display and operation buttons (power button, mode switch button, and confirmation button) on the back.

[0031] Multi-mode training: Built-in relaxation mode (4-7-8 breathing method, box breathing method), rehabilitation mode (abdominal breathing, pursed-lip breathing, active circulation breathing technique), endurance training mode, and the MCU chip controls the airflow valve to achieve switching of breathing rhythm and resistance for different training modes.

[0032] Parameter monitoring: Integrates a miniature airflow sensor (measurement range 0-10L / s, accuracy ±0.1L / s) and a pressure sensor (measurement range 0-5kPa) to collect parameters such as respiratory rate (8-30 breaths / minute), respiratory depth (0.5-3L), and airflow velocity in real time, with a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0033] Real-time feedback: When the training movements are not standard (such as pursed-lip breathing with an exhalation time of less than 4 seconds), the built-in vibration motor (vibration frequency 200Hz) triggers vibration feedback; the OLED display screen simultaneously displays a comparison chart of the breathing waveform and the standard waveform.

[0034] Data transmission: Data is synchronized with the APP and dock via Bluetooth 5.0. The battery life supports 8 hours of continuous training and 72 hours of standby. It supports USB-C fast charging (fully charged in 2 hours).

[0035] Resistance adjustment is achieved by using a stepper motor to control the opening of the airflow valve. The resistance level is divided into 5 levels (1-5), corresponding to airflow resistance of 0.5kPa-2.5kPa, which is suitable for GOLDI-IV COPD patients. It can be manually adjusted via APP or device knob, or automatically adjusted by the system based on the patient's lung function data.

[0036] (ii) Breathing-driven aerosol inhalers:

[0037] It adopts a press-type metered spray structure, with a built-in drug storage compartment (capacity 100 sprays / bottle), metered delivery valve (accuracy ±5%), inhalation sensor module, breathing sensor port on the top, and status indicator lights (red / green / yellow) on the side.

[0038] Quantitative delivery: The electromagnetically controlled metering valve enables precise control of the dosage for each spray (standard dose 100μg / spray, supports custom settings within the range of 50-200μg), and is compatible with commonly used medications such as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids.

[0039] Inhalation monitoring: It integrates airflow and pressure sensors to monitor inhalation rate (0.5-3L / s) and inhalation duration (≥1 second is considered effective inhalation). When the inhalation rate is too fast (>3L / s) or the duration is insufficient, the yellow indicator light will flash and a correction prompt will be pushed through the APP.

[0040] Medication reminder: Built-in RTC clock module supports setting daily medication time (up to 3 times). When the time is up, the green indicator light flashes and a voice reminder is issued via Bluetooth to the APP ("Please take XX medication on time, and maintain a steady and deep breathing rate when inhaling").

[0041] Data recording: Automatically records medication time, dosage, and inhalation quality assessment results. The storage capacity supports 1,000 records, and the data retention period is 1 year. It can be synchronized to the APP via dock or Bluetooth.

[0042] (III) Smart Bracelet:

[0043] Featuring a lightweight design (weight ≤30g), wrist circumference adjustment range of 14-22cm, and a medical-grade silicone strap, it supports IP67 water resistance. The watch face integrates a 0.96-inch OLED touchscreen, and an emergency call button is located on the side (triggered by pressing and holding for 3 seconds).

[0044] Health monitoring: The photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor is used to monitor heart rate (50-150 beats / minute, accuracy ±1 beat / minute) and blood oxygen saturation (85%-100%, accuracy ±2%); a triaxial accelerometer is used to track motion (step frequency, exercise duration) and monitor respiratory rate (8-30 beats / minute), with a sampling frequency of 50Hz.

[0045] Health alert: Preset blood oxygen saturation threshold (90%) and abnormal respiratory rate range (<10 breaths / minute or >25 breaths / minute). When the monitored data exceeds the threshold, the wristband vibrates (vibration frequency 150Hz) and displays a red alert icon, and pushes the alert information to the APP at the same time.

[0046] Emergency Call: Press and hold the emergency call button for 3 seconds to automatically send a text message (containing real-time location, heart rate, and blood oxygen data) and make a phone call to two preset contacts (family members and doctors). The location information is obtained through the phone's GPS positioning with an error of ≤10 meters.

[0047] Data synchronization: Real-time data synchronization with the APP via Bluetooth 5.0; battery life supports 5 days of continuous use and 15 days of standby; supports wireless charging (fully charged in 2 hours with the dock).

[0048] (iv) Base:

[0049] It features a square desktop design (15cm×15cm×5cm), with four wireless charging zones on the top (compatible with breathing trainers, medication inhalers, and smart bracelets), and a 2.4-inch smart screen on the front. It also includes a built-in Wi-Fi module (supporting 802.11b / g / n) and a Bluetooth gateway.

[0050] Wireless charging: Adopts Qi wireless charging standard, with an output power of 5W / 10W adaptive. It automatically starts charging after the breathing trainer or drug inhaler is placed, with a charging efficiency of ≥75%.

[0051] Data relay: As a data relay station between hardware device cluster and APP, it receives data from each hardware via Bluetooth gateway and uploads it to the APP server via Wi-Fi. The data transmission latency is ≤1 second, and it supports offline storage (up to 7 days of data storage, which will be automatically synchronized after the network is restored).

[0052] Visual cues: A ring-shaped breathing light is located on the top, supporting switching between red, green, and blue colors. During training, it synchronizes with the breathing rhythm (the light turns on when inhaling and turns off when exhaling). The red light flashes when the device is low on battery, and the green light stays on when data synchronization is successful.

[0053] Status monitoring: The smart screen displays the remaining battery power of each device, training progress (today's training completion rate), and medication reminder countdown in real time. It also supports touch operation to query historical data (training / medication records for the past 7 days).

[0054] Software service platform (patient-side APP):

[0055] The app is developed based on Android 8.0 and above and iOS 12.0 and above. It adopts the MVVM architecture and implements three core functional modules: data management, intervention module, and interactive display. The operation steps are simplified to within 3 steps, which is adapted to the usage habits of middle-aged and elderly users.

[0056] (a) Motivation Enhancement Module:

[0057] Step-by-step rehabilitation goal setting:

[0058] Based on the basic information (age, gender, GOLD classification) and initial lung function data entered during patient registration, a step-by-step target is automatically generated: the initial target for GOLDI level patients is "train once a day, 10 minutes each time, breathing depth ≥1.5L"; after each week of achieving the target, it is automatically upgraded to "train twice a day, 12 minutes each time, breathing depth ≥1.8L", and so on.

[0059] The target can be manually adjusted through the doctor's backend, and supports custom training duration and respiratory parameter target values.

[0060] Multi-tiered reward mechanism:

[0061] Training Rewards: 10 points for completing 1 training session, an additional 50 points for 7 consecutive days of training, and a "Rehabilitation Star" badge for perfect monthly attendance; points can be redeemed for remote medical consultation time (100 points = 15 minutes), rehabilitation assistive devices (such as sterile mouthpieces, wristbands, etc.) and other services / goods.

[0062] Rehabilitation levels: There are 1-10 rehabilitation levels. To advance to a higher level, you need to meet two conditions: accumulated points and improved lung function (e.g., to advance from level 3 to level 4, you need to accumulate 500 points and improve your breathing depth by 10%). When you advance to a higher level, an app pop-up will be triggered to congratulate you and the community will announce the results.

[0063] Rehabilitation data visualization:

[0064] Line charts are used to show the trends of respiratory rate, respiratory depth, and training completion rate over the past 7 / 30 days. Bar charts are used to compare medication adherence rate with the data from the previous month. A health index curve (out of 100) is used to comprehensively evaluate the training effect and physiological indicators. Data is updated daily at 24:00.

[0065] You can click on a data point to view detailed records (such as the specific time of training on a certain date, and details of breathing parameters).

[0066] Social Support Unit:

[0067] Patient support community: Supports posting training experiences and asking questions for help. Other users can like and comment. The APP algorithm prioritizes recommending content from patients with the same GOLD level. A "Rehabilitation Role Model" section is set up to showcase the 10 patients with the best rehabilitation results each month.

[0068] Family members can collaborate on supervision: After binding the patient's account through the APP, family members can view the patient's training / medication records and send encouraging text messages (supporting preset templates such as "You stuck to your training today, great job!"). Family members will receive a notification when the patient completes the training.

[0069] Remote doctor feedback: After viewing patient data through the backend, doctors can issue personalized guidance (such as "It is recommended to increase the proportion of pursed-lip breathing training"). The guidance content is pushed to the patient's APP in the form of a pop-up window, supporting both voice and text formats.

[0070] (II) Capability Optimization Module:

[0071] Minimalist Interaction Design:

[0072] The homepage features a "One-Click Training" button. Clicking it automatically loads the personalized training plan for the day (no need to select a mode or duration). During training, only "Inhale-Breath Holding-Exhale" animation prompts and the remaining time are displayed, with no other operation options.

[0073] The medication management page has two core function entry points: "Medication Reminder Switch" and "Dosage Adjustment". The operation process is simplified to "Turn on the switch - Set the time - Confirm", with no more than 3 steps in total.

[0074] Personalized training plan generation:

[0075] Based on heart rate and blood oxygen data collected by smart bracelets and respiratory parameters collected by breathing trainers, combined with the patient's training history (such as training completion rate and movement standard in the past 3 days), the training program is dynamically adjusted through gradient boosting tree algorithm.

[0076] Example: If a patient's blood oxygen saturation is below 93% for two consecutive days, the system will automatically shorten the training time from 15 minutes to 10 minutes and reduce the resistance level by one level; if the training completion rate is 100% for one week and the breathing depth meets the standard, the system will automatically increase the proportion of endurance training mode.

[0077] Multi-terminal interconnection is achieved:

[0078] It supports one-click pairing of breathing trainers, medication inhalers, smart bracelets and APP (automatic pop-up prompt within Bluetooth search range), and automatically synchronizes device parameters and historical data after successful pairing.

[0079] Training data and physiological indicators are linked for analysis: When the smart bracelet detects a heart rate of ≥100 beats / minute, the APP automatically pauses the training and sends a "Please rest for 5 minutes before continuing" prompt, while adjusting the resistance of subsequent training.

[0080] (III) Multi-sensory cue module:

[0081] Visual cues:

[0082] The main color scheme of the APP interface is RGB(51,153,255) blue, which is consistent with the research conclusion in the document that "blue accelerates relaxation after stress"; the training page has dynamic breathing animation (blue circle expansion-hold-contraction), and the animation rhythm matches the training mode (such as the 4-7-8 breathing method corresponding to the animation expansion for 4 seconds, holding for 7 seconds, and contraction for 8 seconds).

[0083] The ring-shaped breathing light on the base is synchronized with the animation on the APP. During training, the brightness and rhythm of the light are consistent with the breathing rhythm, helping patients to intuitively grasp the training rhythm.

[0084] Auditory cues:

[0085] It has a built-in 60-80BPM calming music library (including natural sound effects such as flowing water and birdsong, and classical music such as Bach's Goldberg Variations), which plays automatically during training, with the volume set to 50% by default (supports adjustment from 0-100%).

[0086] The voice guidance uses a gentle female voice, and the prompts during the training phase are: "Inhale - 3 - 2 - 1 - Hold your breath - 3 - 2 - 1 - Exhale - 3 - 2 - 1". If the movements are not standard, the prompt is: "Please slow down the exhalation speed and keep your lips half closed".

[0087] Schedule reminder:

[0088] It supports custom training reminders (up to 3 times / day) and medication reminders (up to 3 times / day). Reminder methods include APP pop-up, phone ringtone, and vibration. You can choose "repeated reminder" (once every 5 minutes, up to 3 times).

[0089] Personalized reminders: Medication reminders include the name of the medication (e.g., "Please use salbutamol inhaler"), and training reminders include the training focus for the day (e.g., "Today's focus is on diaphragmatic breathing").

[0090] (iv) AI Assistant Module:

[0091] Real-time guidance and Q&A:

[0092] It supports voice / text questions (such as "How to practice diaphragmatic breathing" or "Will not training today affect rehabilitation?"). The AI ​​assistant replies in real time based on the knowledge base, with a voice recognition accuracy of ≥95% and a text reply delay of ≤2 seconds.

[0093] During training, breathing parameters are analyzed in real time. When the breathing rate is too fast, an automatic prompt will appear: "The current breathing rate is too fast. It is recommended to slow down and breathe in accordance with the animation."

[0094] Psychological support content push:

[0095] Based on heart rate variability (HRV) data from smart bracelets and psychological status questionnaires completed by patients (sent once a week), the risk level of anxiety / depression is determined. When the risk is high, relaxation techniques (such as "Try the 4-7-8 breathing method to relieve anxiety") and short articles on psychological counseling are sent.

[0096] Periodic health reports:

[0097] A weekly health report is generated every Monday, including the trend of respiratory function improvement (e.g., "breathing depth increased by 8% compared to last week"), medication adherence rate (e.g., "medication adherence rate this week is 92%)", and training achievement status (e.g., "training achievement was achieved for 5 / 7 days this week"), which can be shared with doctors / family members with one click.

[0098] Hardware and software collaboration process:

[0099] (I) Breathing Training Coordination Process:

[0100] The patient can start the training program with "one-click training" through the APP. The APP will synchronize the training mode, duration and resistance parameters to the breathing trainer and base. The breathing light on the base will start flashing and the trainer will automatically load the corresponding resistance level.

[0101] The patient wears a smart bracelet and holds a breathing trainer with the mouthpiece to begin training. The trainer collects respiratory rate, depth, and airflow speed data in real time and synchronizes them to the APP every 2 seconds; the smart bracelet collects heart rate and blood oxygen data simultaneously and synchronizes them to the APP every 5 seconds.

[0102] The app analyzes data in real time: if the breathing movements are standard, the current training parameters are maintained; if the movements are not standard, the vibration feedback of the trainer and the voice prompt of the app are triggered; if the heart rate is ≥110 beats / minute or the blood oxygen is ≤90%, the training is immediately paused and a rest reminder is sent.

[0103] After training, the app generates a training report (including a score for the accuracy of movement and the improvement of breathing parameters), updates the score and rehabilitation level, and synchronizes it to the family and doctor's devices; the breathing light on the base turns green and stays on, indicating that the training is complete.

[0104] (II) Medication Coordination Process

[0105] When it's time to take the medication, the app, the inhaler, and the base will all send reminders simultaneously, and the green indicator light on the inhaler will flash.

[0106] The patient picks up the inhaler and presses the button to spray the medication. The inhaler's sensors collect data on the inhalation rate and duration, which are then synchronized to the app in real time.

[0107] The app analyzes inhalation quality: if inhalation is effective (speed 0.5-3L / s, duration ≥1 second), it records successful medication and updates medication adherence rate; if inhalation is ineffective, it pushes a standardized inhalation operation video ("Please keep your head tilted back, press and inhale at a steady speed for 3 seconds"), and links the breathing trainer to push 5 minutes of breathing control training.

[0108] Doctors can view medication records in real time from the backend and can issue personalized guidance for ineffective inhalation cases, which can be pushed to patients via the APP.

[0109] (III) Remote monitoring and collaboration process

[0110] Doctors can view patients' real-time physiological data (heart rate, blood oxygen, respiratory parameters), training records, and medication records through the backend, and can filter by time range (last 1 day / 3 days / 7 days) and data type.

[0111] When the system detects abnormal data (such as blood oxygen ≤88%, no training for 3 consecutive days, medication adherence rate ≤60%), it automatically pushes warning information to the doctor's terminal, and the doctor can send remote guidance or initiate video consultation through the APP.

[0112] After the doctor adjusts the training plan / medication regimen, the data is synchronized to the patient's APP, breathing trainer, and drug inhaler in real time, and the devices automatically update the parameter settings.

[0113] Equipment / Module Core technical parameters Implementing standards Breathing trainer Respiratory rate measurement range: 8-30 breaths / minute, accuracy ±1 breath / minute Meets the YY / T0980-2016 standard for medical breathing trainers. Breathing trainer Resistance adjustment range: 0.5-2.5kPa, 5 adjustable levels. Suitable for GOLDI-IV patients Drug inhaler Quantitative accuracy: ±5%, single dose range 50-200μg Meets GB19510.1-2013 Medical Inhaler Standard smart bracelet Blood oxygen saturation measurement range: 85%-100%, accuracy ±2%. A PPG sensor is used, with a sampling frequency of 50Hz. smart bracelet Heart rate measurement range: 50-150 beats / minute, accuracy ±1 beat / minute Supports adaptive measurement of motion and resting states. APP Data synchronization delay: ≤1 second Bluetooth 5.0 + Wi-Fi 6 dual-link transmission base Wireless charging efficiency: ≥75% Qi wireless charging standard, 5W / 10W adaptive output power

[0114] User flow implementation:

[0115] (a) Initial setup process:

[0116] Patients can download the app from their mobile app store, register, fill in basic information (age, gender, GOLD classification, medication), and upload their recent lung function test report.

[0117] The app automatically generates an initial rehabilitation plan, and the patient follows the prompts to complete the pairing of hardware devices (the breathing trainer, medication inhaler, and smart bracelet are brought close to the phone / base in sequence to complete the pairing automatically).

[0118] Complete the initial psychological state questionnaire and basic breathing test (use a breathing trainer to complete 3 minutes of abdominal breathing), and calibrate personalized parameter thresholds (such as respiratory depth target value and heart rate warning threshold) via the APP.

[0119] (II) Daily usage procedure:

[0120] Training process: Open the APP → Click "One-click Training" → Wear the smart bracelet → Hold the breathing trainer and bite the mouthpiece → Follow the breathing light on the base and the APP animation / voice training → View the report after training → Earn points and level up.

[0121] Medication administration process: Receive medication reminder → Pick up the inhaler → Press the spray button and inhale evenly → APP will indicate the inhalation effect → Record successful medication administration.

[0122] Data viewing: View real-time physiological indicators and historical training / medication records through the "Health Data" section on the APP homepage, and view weekly / monthly health reports through the "Reports" section.

[0123] (III) Doctor Intervention Process:

[0124] Doctors view patient data through the backend → identify abnormalities (such as inadequate training or ineffective medication) → issue personalized guidance / adjustment plans → patients receive notifications on their apps → devices automatically update parameters → patients follow the new plan → doctors track the results.

[0125] Motivation enhancement mechanisms:

[0126] Through a triple-drive approach of "instant feedback + long-term incentives + social recognition": the points increase and action scores are displayed immediately after each training session (instant feedback), physical rehabilitation gifts are awarded for perfect monthly attendance (long-term incentives), and rehabilitation progress is publicized in the community to receive likes and comments (social recognition), which effectively improves patient training compliance.

[0127] Capability optimization mechanism:

[0128] By "lowering the operational threshold and adapting to individual differences," the following features are achieved: extremely simple APP operation (core functions can be completed in 3 steps or less), adjustable hardware parameters (adapting to different disease stages), and ergonomic design (reducing user fatigue), thus solving the problem of insufficient operation ability for middle-aged and elderly patients.

[0129] Prompt triggering mechanism:

[0130] By using "multi-sensory collaboration + scenario-based reminders", the training rhythm is enhanced through dual stimulation of vision (blue interface, breathing light) and hearing (sedative music, voice guidance), combined with personalized reminders based on the patient's daily routine (such as taking medication at 7 am and training at 8 pm before bedtime), ensuring that intervention measures are accurately delivered.

[0131] This implementation method combines behavioral design theory with the clinical needs of COPD rehabilitation, achieving system feasibility and practicality, and can effectively solve core problems such as poor patient training compliance and unsatisfactory user experience.

[0132] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A multi-modal respiratory training system for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on behavioral design science, characterized in that, The system comprises a hardware device cluster and a software service platform, the hardware device cluster comprises a breathing trainer, a breathing-driven aerosol inhaler, a smart bracelet and a base, and the software service platform is a patient end APP, the system is based on a FBM behavior model to construct a multi-dimensional intervention architecture, to realize a closed-loop service of breathing training, drug management, health monitoring and rehabilitation support for patients with COPD, and specifically comprises: A motivation improvement module to stimulate patient training compliance through target setting, reward feedback and social support; An ability optimization module to reduce training threshold through simplified operation process, adaptive hardware design and multi-terminal interconnection; A multi-sensory prompting module to realize precise triggering of training and medication through visual, auditory and voice guidance; A data interaction module to realize real-time synchronization and analysis of physiological data, training data and medication data between hardware devices and the APP, to support dynamic optimization of individualized rehabilitation programs.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The motivation improvement module specifically comprises: setting a step-by-step rehabilitation target, setting a stage training duration and a respiratory parameter target value based on the patient's disease stage; Constructing a multi-level reward mechanism, including training points, rehabilitation level promotion and achievement medals, points can be exchanged for rehabilitation-related services or physical objects; A rehabilitation data visualization unit to real-time display of respiratory function improvement, training completion rate and medication compliance through trend charts and health index curves; A social support unit to integrate a patient mutual aid community, a family member collaborative supervision portal and a doctor remote feedback channel to realize multi-subject participation in the training process.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein, The ability optimization module specifically comprises: The APP interaction interface adopts a minimalist design, supports single-key start training, automatic loading of individualized training plans, and reduces operation steps to within 3 steps; The breathing trainer is configured with a parameter module that can adjust resistance and airflow speed to adapt to the training needs of patients with different lung function levels; The hardware devices are ergonomically designed, the breathing trainer grip is provided with anti-slip soft material, the smart bracelet is lightweight and supports adjustable wrist circumference to reduce long-term wearing fatigue; A multi-terminal interconnection unit to realize data intercommunication between the breathing trainer, the drug inhaler and the smart bracelet, and real-time linkage analysis of training data and physiological indicators.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein, The multi-sensory prompting module specifically comprises: A visual prompting unit, the APP interface is mainly colored in blue, the base is provided with a breathing lamp to synchronize the training rhythm, and the training process displays the breathing posture standard through animation; An auditory prompting unit, a 60-80 BPM calming music library is built in, a rhythm guide sound is played during training, and a real-time voice broadcast is made for the breathing stage; A schedule reminder unit to push training time and medication time reminders based on the patient's work and rest habits, and support custom reminder frequency and method.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein, The coordination mechanism of the hardware device cluster and the software service platform includes: the base as a data relay station and a charging base, supporting wireless charging and data synchronization of the breathing training device and the drug inhaler, and real-time display of training progress and device status through an intelligent screen; the APP receives heart rate and blood oxygen saturation data collected by the smart bracelet, and automatically adjusts the resistance parameters and training duration of the breathing training device when physiological indicators are abnormal; the doctor end remotely obtains patient training data and physiological monitoring data through the APP, adjusts the training plan and medication scheme in real time, and feeds back to the patient end.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein, The breathing training device integrates multi-mode training functions, including relaxation mode, rehabilitation mode and endurance training mode, and built-in breathing parameter monitoring sensors that collect real-time data of breathing frequency, breathing depth and airflow speed, generate training effect analysis reports through the APP, and remind patients to correct through vibration feedback when training actions are not standard.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein, The software service platform also includes a personalized training plan generation unit that dynamically adjusts training mode, training duration and resistance parameters based on patient basic information, physiological monitoring data and training history data, and realizes the cycle iteration of evaluation-training-feedback-optimization.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein, The breathing-driven aerosol inhaler has a quantitative delivery function, monitors the drug inhalation dose and inhalation speed through a sensor, and generates an inhalation quality evaluation result; when the inhalation quality is not up to standard, the APP pushes a standardized inhalation operation video, and the breathing training device pushes targeted breathing control training to improve the effectiveness of drug inhalation.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein, The smart bracelet uses the photoplethysmography method to monitor heart rate and blood oxygen saturation, and realizes motion tracking and breathing frequency monitoring through a three-axis acceleration sensor; when the blood oxygen saturation is detected to be less than 90% or the breathing frequency is abnormal, the APP health warning is triggered; The integrated emergency call function allows the patient to send location information and a help signal to the preset contact by pressing the bracelet button for a long time.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein, The patient end APP also includes an AI assistant module that has the following functions: based on training data and physiological indicators, it provides real-time training guidance and question answering; combined with the patient's psychological state evaluation results, it pushes relaxation techniques and psychological support content; Generate periodic health reports, including respiratory function improvement trend, medication compliance analysis, and training compliance situation, to provide data support for doctor-patient communication; integrate a family interaction unit to support family members to view patient rehabilitation progress and send encouragement information to enhance patient training motivation.

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