Full-plough layer fertilizing method and fertilizing device based on corn straw deep plowing and returning

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil fertility cultivation, and relates to a full plough layer fertilizing method and fertilizing device based on corn straw deep plowing and returning, the method comprises the steps of building a full plough layer through deep plowing and returning, and the method comprises the steps of straw smashing: smashing corn straw and uniformly scattering the smashed corn straw in the field; livestock and poultry manure is selected and uniformly scattered in the field; deep ploughing operation is conducted, no upturned soil is turned in the deep ploughing operation, the upturned soil standing rate and the upturned soil returning rate are low, and the earth surface is flat after ploughing and burying; soil preparation operation: harrowing operation is performed, the ground is leveled after harrowing operation is completed, and soil is crushed in the harrowing process. According to the full-plough-layer fertilizing method based on corn straw deep ploughing and returning, multiple technologies such as straw smashing and total returning, organic fertilizer increasing, deep ploughing and soil preparation and chemical fertilizer reducing and deep application can be combined, less fertilizer is applied, and the soil fertility is effectively enhanced. Meanwhile, the fertilizing equipment can dig out the corn root system after pre-harvest, collect the root system, separate the root system from soil, cut off the root system and then return to the field, and the problem that the corn root system is not easy to treat is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil fertility improvement technology, specifically a method and device for improving the fertility of the entire tillage layer based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field. Background Technology

[0002] The core of farmland improvement is increasing soil organic matter, and straw is an important resource for increasing soil organic matter. Scientific straw return techniques not only promote the smooth implementation of straw return, but are also important measures and key approaches to improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, and ensure efficient and sustainable land output.

[0003] Existing technologies for soil fertility improvement generally employ single techniques such as increasing the application of organic fertilizer and returning straw to the field. There are few combinations of multiple techniques, such as returning all straw to the field after crushing, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, deep plowing and tillage, and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and applying it deeply. Due to the large amount of fertilizer applied, many factors need to be considered in the later stages, such as reasonable dense planting and pests and weeds. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a method and device for improving the fertility of the entire tillage layer based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field. This method and device combine the full return of crushed stalks to the field, increased application of organic fertilizer, deep plowing and tillage, and reduced and deep application of chemical fertilizers. They also optimize and integrate various aspects such as reasonable dense planting and pest and weed control, which is beneficial to the overall management of cornfield farmland.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In the first technical solution, a method for improving the fertility of the entire tillage layer based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field includes deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field to construct the entire tillage layer, including... Straw crushing: Crush the corn stalks and spread them evenly in the field; Animal manure spreading: Select animal manure and spread it evenly in the field; Deep tillage: Deep tillage is carried out to ensure that no clods are turned over, and that the clod standing rate and clod recovery rate are low, resulting in a flat surface after tillage. Land preparation: harrowing operation. After harrowing, the ground is leveled, and the soil is broken up during the harrowing process.

[0006] In the first technical solution, as a preferred embodiment, during the spreading of livestock and poultry manure, livestock and poultry manure is selected locally and nearby according to actual conditions. An organic fertilizer spreader is used to transport the organic fertilizer to the field for uniform spreading, and the spreading uniformity coefficient should be ≤30%. The application rate of livestock and poultry manure is calculated based on the soil fertility level and the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer, and the application rate is 30m3 / hm2 to 45m3 / hm2.

[0007] In the first technical solution, as a preferred embodiment, the land preparation operation is carried out by selecting one of three types of machinery: disc harrow, combined land preparation, or power harrow. When using a heavy harrow, harrow to a depth of 16-18 cm, ensuring no areas are missed, no soil is piled up, and the soil is finely broken up. After harrowing, the surface should be level enough for sowing. If the surface is not level after harrowing, perform a light harrowing to a depth of 10 cm before spring sowing. When using a combined tillage machine, tillage, harrowing, soil breaking, leveling, and compaction are completed in one operation. When using a power-driven harrow, the working depth can be changed by adjusting the angle of the harrow string, completing the soil breaking, leveling, and heavy compaction operations in one go, preventing moisture loss and wind erosion; After land preparation, planting methods such as flat planting or ridge planting are adopted. For ridge planting, the ridges are completed in autumn to bring the soil to a ready-to-sow state.

[0008] In the first technical solution, as the preferred option, after deep plowing and returning to the field to construct the full tillage layer, the amount of fertilizer is determined based on the soil fertility level and the target yield; Compared with the local conventional fertilizer usage, nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 10% to 13%, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are reduced by 15% to 18%. All phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer in one go, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied in several times at a ratio of 4:6 for base fertilizer and 1:1 for topdressing, or quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer at the time of sowing. Base fertilizer is applied to the soil layer of 10 to 12 cm in conjunction with mechanical sowing, and topdressing is applied to the soil layer of 15 to 20 cm in conjunction with inter-row cultivation.

[0009] In the first technical solution, as a preferred embodiment, the whole-tillage fertilization method based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field also includes supporting technologies: Reasonable dense planting: Select medium-to-late maturing varieties with compact or semi-compact plant types, and determine the sowing density according to the soil fertility level and target yield; in the second spring, after the soil temperature at 5cm depth has stabilized above 8℃, use mechanized methods to complete fertilization and sowing operations in one go, and promptly compact the seedling strips after sowing. Chemical weed control: Choose pre-emergence or post-emergence weed control depending on the rainfall of the season. If the rainfall is small, it is advisable to choose atrazine suspension and acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate for pre-emergence weed control. If the rainfall is abundant, nicosulfuron, basil, and broadleaf herbicides should be mixed and sprayed after emergence. Pest and disease control: Conduct scientific monitoring and early warning of pest and disease occurrence, and select highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides based on variety resistance and regional pest and disease characteristics, and apply pesticides in a timely and precise manner; Harvest at the appropriate time: Mechanical harvesting should be carried out 7-15 days after the physiological maturity of corn, when the moisture content of the kernels is 20%-25%, and harvesting should be delayed as appropriate.

[0010] In the second technical solution, a whole-tillage soil improvement device based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field includes a cutting assembly, a collecting assembly and a root soil stripping assembly arranged sequentially from front to back in the traction direction. The cutting assembly includes a horizontally placed drive shaft with multiple blade holders on the drive shaft, and each blade holder is equipped with a cutting blade. The cutting edges on two adjacent tool holders bend toward the same area, and the cutting edges on two adjacent tool holders are arranged at staggered angles.

[0011] In the second technical solution, preferably, the cutter holder is also provided with a plow blade, the main cutting edges of the cutting blade and the plow blade extend back to back, the ends of the cutting blade and the plow blade are bent on the same side, and the ends of the cutting blade and the plow blade on two adjacent cutter holders are bent toward the same area.

[0012] In the second technical solution, preferably, the collecting component is a floating collecting component, which includes a plurality of screen shovels arranged side by side at intervals, with the front ends of the screen shovels sinking and facing the cutting component; The tail of the sieve shovel is connected to the support beam via a hinged connection structure; The lower part of the sieve shovel is connected to a support wheel for contacting the ground via a rod.

[0013] In the second technical solution, preferably, a flexible connecting material for filling gaps is provided between adjacent screen shovels.

[0014] In the second technical solution, preferably, there are 2N screen shovels, and a horizontally placed sleeve is provided below the Nth screen shovel. A spring is provided inside the sleeve, and the two ends of the spring pull two adjacent flexible connecting materials.

[0015] The beneficial effects of using this invention are: This invention proposes a method for improving soil fertility in the entire tillage layer based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field. This method combines multiple technologies, including full return of crushed corn stalks to the field, increased application of organic fertilizer, deep plowing and tillage, and reduced application of chemical fertilizers, resulting in less fertilizer use and effectively enhancing soil fertility. Simultaneously, the soil improvement equipment can excavate the corn root system after harvest, collect the roots, separate them from the soil, and then cut the roots before returning them to the field, solving the problem of difficult corn root management. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a whole-tillage soil improvement device based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a full-tillage soil improvement device based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an active conveyor belt.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter assembly.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a floating collection component.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the tightening mechanism.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the usage state of the floating collection component.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tightening mechanism.

[0024] The reference numerals in the figures include: 10-Frame, 11-Traction rod, 12-Drive belt, 13-Bearing beam, 20-Cutter assembly, 21-Drive shaft, 22-Cutter holder, 23-Cutting blade, 24-Plow blade, 30-Floating collection assembly, 31-Filling section, 32-Screw shovel, 33-Support wheel, 34-Flexible connecting material, 35-Support beam, 36-Hinged connection structure, 37-Tightening mechanism, 371-Sleeve, 372-Cylinder spring, 40-Floating pressure roller assembly, 41-Pressure roller, 42-Spring, 51-Active conveyor belt, 511-Crushing protrusion, 52-Passive conveyor belt, 53-Screw plate, 60-Crusher, 70-Plower, 80-Flattening roller. A-Furrow, B-Ridge top. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this technical solution clearer, the following detailed description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, further illustrates this technical solution. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of this technical solution.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This invention proposes a method for improving the fertility of the entire tillage layer based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field. The core technologies of this technology are full-scale return of crushed corn stalks to the field, increased application of organic fertilizer, deep plowing and tillage, and reduced application of chemical fertilizers. It also optimizes and integrates supporting technologies such as reasonable dense planting and pest and weed control.

[0028] 1. Deep plowing and returning straw to the field with organic fertilizer to create a full tillage layer Straw crushing: After the corn reaches full maturity, a large corn harvester is used for harvesting, and at the same time the corn stalks are crushed (length ≤20 cm) and evenly spread in the field.

[0029] Livestock and poultry manure spreading: Select livestock and poultry manure from nearby areas based on actual conditions. Use an organic fertilizer spreader to transport the organic fertilizer to the field and spread it evenly. The spreading uniformity coefficient should be ≤30%. Calculate the application rate of livestock and poultry manure based on soil fertility grade and organic fertilizer nutrient content. The recommended application rate is 30 m³. 3 / hm 2 ~45 m 3 / hm 2 .

[0030] Deep plowing: High-horsepower tractors and hydraulic reversible plows are used for deep plowing, with a plow width greater than 40 cm selected. If a four-furrow plow is used, the power output is generally greater than 160 horsepower. Deep plowing aims to achieve zero clods, low clod standing rate and clod recovery rate, and a smooth surface after plowing.

[0031] Land preparation: After deep plowing, one of three types of machinery can be selected for land preparation: disc harrow, combined tillage machine, or power harrow. Specifically: 1. When using a disc harrow, harrow to a depth of 16-18 cm, ensuring no areas are missed, no soil is piled up, and the soil is finely broken up. The surface should be level enough for sowing. If the surface is not level after harrowing, perform a light harrowing to a depth of 10 cm before spring sowing; 2. When using a combined tillage machine, plowing, harrowing, breaking up soil, leveling, and compacting can be completed in one operation; 3. When using a power harrow, the working depth can be adjusted by changing the harrow string angle, completing breaking up soil, leveling, and heavy compaction in one operation to prevent moisture loss and wind erosion.

[0032] After land preparation, planting methods such as flat planting or ridge planting are adopted. For ridge planting, the ridges are completed in autumn to bring the soil to a ready-to-sow state.

[0033] II. Fertilizer Reduction and Deep Conditioning Determine the appropriate fertilizer application rate based on soil fertility level and target yield. Generally, compared with the local conventional fertilizer application rate, nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced by 10% to 13%, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be reduced by 15% to 18%. All phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizer in one application. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in several applications at a base fertilizer to topdressing ratio of 4:6, or quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer at sowing time in a 1:1 ratio. Base fertilizer should be applied to the soil layer of 10 to 12 cm in conjunction with mechanical sowing, and topdressing should be applied to the soil layer of 15 to 20 cm in conjunction with inter-row cultivation.

[0034] In addition to the core technologies mentioned above, this invention also proposes supporting technologies corresponding to the aforementioned core technologies, specifically: 1. Reasonable planting density It is recommended to select mid-to-late maturing varieties with compact or semi-compact plant types, and determine the sowing density based on soil fertility and target yield. In the second spring, after the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm has stabilized above 8℃, fertilization and sowing should be completed in one go using mechanized methods, and the seedlings should be heavily compacted promptly after sowing.

[0035] 2. Chemical weed control Choose pre-emergence or post-emergence weed control based on the rainfall of the season. If the rainfall is light, pre-emergence weed control is recommended using atrazine suspension concentrates and acetochlor emulsifiable concentrates. If the rainfall is abundant, after emergence, use a mixture of nicosulfuron, fenvalerate, and broadleaf herbicides for spraying, strictly following the instructions for use.

[0036] 3. Pest and disease control Conduct scientific monitoring and early warning of pest and disease occurrence, and select highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides based on variety resistance and regional pest and disease characteristics, and apply pesticides in a timely and precise manner.

[0037] 4. Harvest at the right time Mechanical harvesting should be carried out 7-15 days after the corn reaches physiological maturity, when the kernel moisture content is 20%-25%. Harvesting can be delayed as appropriate.

[0038] The method disclosed in this embodiment is suitable for corn planting areas in Northeast China with flat land and an effective soil layer thickness of more than 30cm.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment proposes a whole-tillage soil enrichment device based on deep plowing and returning of corn stalks to the field. This whole-tillage soil enrichment device based on deep plowing and returning of corn stalks to the field is used to implement the step of straw crushing and returning to the field in the whole-tillage soil enrichment method based on deep plowing and returning of corn stalks to the field in the above embodiment 1.

[0041] Specifically, the whole-tillage soil improvement device based on deep plowing and returning corn stalks to the field in this embodiment is especially suitable for situations where corn roots remain in the field after corn harvesting and stalks are crushed and returned to the field. This device can turn over the corn in the field, remove the soil after the roots are peeled off, crush the corn roots and return them to the field.

[0042] The main structure of this device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, its outer contour is a metal frame 10, which serves as a mounting frame for other components and can also connect to a tractor vehicle.

[0043] Specifically, the forward direction of this device is as follows: Figure 1 As indicated by the arrow, a traction rod 11 is installed at the front of the frame 10. This traction rod 11 is used to connect to the traction equipment, allowing the device to be towed forward. At the bottom front of the frame 10 is a cutter assembly 20, which is used to remove corn roots from the soil for subsequent processing. A drive belt 12, which can be a chain drive belt, is installed on the side of the frame 10 to power the cutter assembly 20 and the rotating components used for subsequent processing.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the internal components of the frame 10 are exposed after the side plates are removed. In this device, the components arranged from front to back in the traction direction are: a cutter assembly 20, a floating collection assembly 30, a floating pressure roller assembly 40, a pressing conveyor belt assembly, and a post-processing section. In this embodiment, the post-processing section includes a crusher 60, a plow 70, and a flattening roller 80 arranged sequentially. In other embodiments, the positions of the flattening roller 80 and the plow 70 can be interchanged. Alternatively, in some feasible embodiments, plowing equipment can be added as needed.

[0045] In this embodiment, the cutting assembly 20 is used to cut the corn roots in the soil, and the cut corn roots along with the soil are turned over and moved above ground. The floating collection assembly 30 is used to adjust the height of the front receiving part according to the different shapes and undulations of the ground, and collect the corn roots along with the soil into the equipment. The subsequent floating pressure roller assembly 40 and the counter-pressing conveyor belt assembly are used to perform preliminary separation and further separation of corn roots and soil. The separated soil is thrown back to the ground, and the separated corn roots enter the post-processing part for multiple processes such as corn root crushing and returning to the field, crushing material harrowing and leveling, and ground leveling.

[0046] Since the crusher 60, the plow 70 and the flattening roller 80 are all conventional technologies, their structure and working principle will not be described in detail.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, the cutting assembly 20 in this application is the core component for cutting corn roots and plowing out the roots from the ground. In this embodiment, the cutting assembly 20 includes a horizontally placed drive shaft 21, on which multiple blade holders 22 are arranged. Each blade holder 22 is equipped with a cutting blade 23. The ends of the cutting blades 23 on two adjacent blade holders 22 are bent towards the same area, and the cutting blades 23 on two adjacent blade holders 22 are arranged at staggered angles. The blade holder 22 is also equipped with a plowing blade 24. The main cutting edges of the cutting blade 23 and the plowing blade 24 extend back to back, and the ends of the cutting blade 23 and the plowing blade 24 are bent on the same side. The ends of the cutting blades 23 and the plowing blade 24 on two adjacent blade holders 22 are bent towards the same area.

[0048] In practical use, the drive shaft 21 can be connected to the power shaft of the traction equipment, or driven independently by a motor. Cutting blades 22 are spaced apart on the drive shaft 21, with cutting blades 23 fixedly connected to them. The main body of the cutting blade 23 extends radially along the drive shaft 21, and its end bends in the first direction. The cutting blade 23 on the adjacent cutting blade 22 extends in the opposite direction, and the ends of both cutting blades 23 bend inwards. This arrangement of cutting blades 23 can completely cut the underground corn roots, separating the cut corn roots and soil from the ground. The plow blade 24 separates the corn roots and soil from the ground by a considerable distance through its blade, effectively squeezing the corn roots and soil out of the ground. Since there are 2-3 plow blades 24 arranged side-by-side with different main blade lengths, multiple plow blades 24 can gradually plow the corn roots and soil completely out of the ground. The cutting blades 23 and plow blades 24 on the two cutting blades 22 form a group, as described above. Figure 4 As shown, it illustrates the arrangement of the cutting blades 23 and plowing blades 24 on two adjacent sets of blade holders 22.

[0049] After the corn roots, along with the soil, are forced out of the ground by the plow blades 24, they are collected by the floating collection component 30. For example... Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the main body of the floating collection component 30 is a sieve 32, which is a sheet metal plate. Multiple perforations are machined in the middle of the sieve 32. After the corn roots and soil enter the sieve 32, small soil particles and debris leak out. Figure 2 As shown, the front part of the sieve shovel 32 is bent to form a contact section 31. The contact section 31 has a small angle with the horizontal plane, which is used to contact the soil surface or maintain a small distance from the soil surface. A support wheel 33 is provided below the main body of the sieve shovel 32, and the support wheel 33 is connected to the side of the sieve shovel 32 through a connecting structure. Figure 5 As shown, the rear of the screen shovel 32 is connected to the support beam 35 via a hinged connection structure 36, and the support beam 35 is fixedly installed on the frame 10. This method of setting the screen shovel 32 allows the height and angle of the front contact section 31 of the screen shovel 32 to be adjusted according to the ground level, preventing the screen shovel 32 from failing due to ground undulations or from getting stuck in the soil, causing structural plastic damage.

[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, there are multiple sieve shovels 32 in this embodiment. Flexible connecting material 34 is provided on the sides of two adjacent sieve shovels 32. The flexible connecting material 34 can be nylon cloth, canvas, or wear-resistant material. The purpose of setting multiple sieve shovels 32 is to adopt the ridge planting method in some corn planting fields. Multiple floating sieve shovels 32 can fit into the ridge planting field. Some sieve shovels 32 are placed in the furrow A, and some sieve shovels 32 are placed on the top of the ridge B. In this way, the corn roots in the furrow A and the top of the ridge B will be collected into the device. The flexible connecting material 34 prevents the corn roots from leaking out in the gap between two adjacent sieve shovels 32.

[0051] To avoid rapid wear caused by excessive friction between the flexible connecting material 34 and the ground, such as Figures 5-8 As shown, a tightening mechanism 37 is provided between two adjacent screen shovels 32. The tightening mechanism 37 is used to pull the flexible connecting material 34, keeping the flexible connecting material 34 taut and minimizing its contact with the ground. In this embodiment, there are 2N screen shovels 32. A horizontally placed sleeve 371 is provided below the Nth screen shovel 32. A spring 372 is provided inside the sleeve 371. The two ends of the spring 372 pull the two adjacent flexible connecting materials 34. In use, the tightening mechanism 37 is set below the screen shovel 32 corresponding to the top of the ridge B. The tightening mechanism 37 can float left and right to pull the flexible connecting material 34 through its built-in spring 372. The flexible connecting material 34 can also adjust its lateral edges according to the up and down movement of the screen shovel 32, so that the flexible connecting material 34 has a good ability to adapt to the terrain.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, after the corn root system and soil are harvested by the floating collection component 30, the entire corn root system and soil overcome gravity and friction and gradually move upwards through the sieve shovel 32 to the floating pressure roller component 40. The floating pressure roller component 40 initially crushes the corn root system and soil, separating the soil from the corn roots. The floating pressure roller component 40 includes a connecting rod on a pressure roller 41 mounted on a support beam 13 on the frame 10, which is inserted into the mounting hole of the support beam 13 via a spring 42. The lower end of the spring 42 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod of the pressure roller 41, and the upper end of the spring 42 abuts against the support beam 13. This structure of the floating pressure roller component 40 allows the pressure roller 41 to be configured to float up and down, and the loose soil is quickly crushed and peeled off. If there are soil clumps, the clumps of soil and corn roots can pass through the floating pressure roller component 40. In some feasible embodiments, the surface of the pressure roller 41 is covered with raised textures, and the pressure roller 41 can be driven to rotate independently by a motor. In other embodiments, the pressure roller 41 may also be poweredly connected to the drive shaft 21 via a belt and a tensioning wheel system.

[0053] The corn roots and relatively hard, clump-like soil that enter between the active conveyor belt 51 and the passive conveyor belt 52 will be further separated. In this embodiment, the top conveying surface of the active conveyor belt 51 is basically horizontal. The passive conveyor belt 52 is inclined, with a small gap between the front of the passive conveyor belt 52 and the active conveyor belt 51, and the gap between the active conveyor belt 51 and the passive conveyor belt 52 gradually decreases from front to back. Figure 3 As shown, in order to improve the efficiency of the active conveyor belt 51 and the passive conveyor belt 52 in crushing the soil, the surfaces of both the active conveyor belt 51 and the passive conveyor belt 52 are provided with densely distributed crushing protrusions 511. The relatively hard clumps between the active conveyor belt 51 and the passive conveyor belt 52 will be completely crushed.

[0054] like Figure 1 The transmission belt 12 shown can serve as the transmission structure between the drive shaft 21 and the drive roller of the active conveyor belt 51 in the cutter assembly 20. In other embodiments, the drive roller of the active conveyor belt 51 can also be driven by a separate motor. After being crushed, the soil flows through the inclined screen plate 53 and is then exposed, allowing the corn roots to enter the crusher 60 for further crushing and return to the field.

[0055] This device integrates the methods described in the above embodiments into a single device. The structure of this device is relatively simple, the maintenance cost is low, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0056] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, many changes can be made in the specific implementation and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. As long as these changes do not depart from the concept of the present invention, they all fall within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims

1. A whole plough layer fertilization method based on corn straw deep ploughing and returning to field, characterized in that: The deep ploughing and returning of the field to build the whole ploughing layer includes Straw crushing: crushing the corn straw uniformly and throwing it on the field; Livestock and poultry manure throwing: selecting livestock and poultry manure and throwing it uniformly on the field; Deep ploughing operation: deep ploughing operation is performed, and the deep ploughing operation is performed without ploughing, and the vertical and back ploughing rates are low, the ground is flat after ploughing and burying; Land preparation operation: harrowing operation is performed, and the ground is leveled after the harrowing operation is completed, and the soil is crushed during the harrowing process.

2. The whole plough layer fertilization method based on corn straw deep ploughing and returning to field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The livestock manure is selected on the spot and nearby according to the actual situation, the organic fertilizer is transported to the field by using an organic fertilizer spreader to be uniformly spread, and a uniformity coefficient of spreading should be less than or equal to 30%. 3 / hm 2 3 / hm 2 .​ 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In the land preparation operation, one of a disc harrow, a combined land preparation machine or a power harrow is selected to perform the land preparation operation; When the heavy harrow is used, the harrowing depth is 16-18 cm, and the soil is not missed and not piled up, and the soil is finely crushed, and the ground is flat after harrowing and reaches the state to be sown; if the ground flatness after the operation is poor, light harrowing is performed once before spring sowing, and the harrowing depth is 10 cm; When the combined land preparation machine is used, the ploughing, harrowing, soil crushing, land leveling and tamping operations are completed at one time; When the power-driven harrow is used, the operation depth is changed by adjusting the harrow string angle, and the soil crushing, leveling and heavy tamping operations are completed at one time to prevent loss of soil moisture and wind erosion; After the land preparation operation, the planting mode of flat cultivation or ridge cultivation is adopted, and if the ridge cultivation is adopted, the ridges are formed in the autumn to make the soil reach the state to be sown.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: After the deep ploughing and returning of the field to build the whole ploughing layer is completed, the fertilizer amount is determined according to the soil fertility level and the target yield; Compared with the amount of local conventional fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 10%-13%, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are reduced by 15%-18%, all the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer at one time, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied in several times according to the base and trace ratio of 4:6, or the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer at one time according to the ratio of 1:1 at the time of sowing; the base fertilizer is applied to the soil layer of 10-12 cm in combination with mechanical sowing, and the trace fertilizer is applied to the soil layer of 15-20 cm in combination with intertillage.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The whole ploughing layer fertilization method based on the deep ploughing and returning of the field to build the whole ploughing layer also includes a matching technology: Reasonable planting: a medium-late maturity variety with compact or semi-compact type is selected, and the sowing density is determined according to the soil fertility level and the target yield; in the spring of the second year, the soil temperature at the position of 5 cm is stable and reaches 8℃, the fertilization and sowing operations are completed at one time by using mechanization, and the seedling belt is tamped after sowing; Chemical weeding: pre-emergence or post-emergence weeding is selected according to the rainfall in the season, pre-emergence closed weeding is performed by using the glyphosate suspension agent and acetochlor emulsion oil if the rainfall is small, and mixed spraying is performed by using nicosulfuron, tribenuron and clomazone if the rainfall is abundant; Disease and pest control: scientific monitoring and early warning of the occurrence of diseases and pests are performed, efficient and low-toxic pesticides are selected according to the variety resistance and the regional disease and pest occurrence characteristics, and the pesticides are applied in time and accurately; Timely harvesting: mechanical harvesting is performed 7-15 days after the physiological maturity of corn, and the mechanical harvesting is performed when the grain moisture content is 20%-25%, and the corn is harvested in time.

6. A full ploughing layer fertilization device based on corn straw deep ploughing and returning to field, characterized in that: The cutting blade assembly, the collecting assembly and the root soil stripping assembly are sequentially arranged from front to back in the traction direction, the cutting blade assembly includes a transversely arranged transmission shaft, a plurality of blade seats are arranged on the transmission shaft, and a cutting blade is mounted on each blade seat; The cutting blades at the ends of the adjacent two blade seats are bent towards the same area, and the arrangement angles of the cutting blades on the adjacent two blade seats are staggered.

7. The corn straw based deep ploughing and returning to field full plough layer fertilization device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The knife seat is further provided with a plow blade, the main blade parts of the cutting blade and the plow blade extend in opposite directions, the ends of the cutting blade and the plow blade are bent on the same side, and the ends of the cutting blade and the plow blade on two adjacent knife seats are bent towards the same area.

8. The corn straw based deep ploughing and returning to field full plough layer fertilization device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The collecting assembly is a floating collecting assembly, which comprises a plurality of screen shovels arranged side by side and spaced apart, the front end of the screen shovel is sunken and faces the cutter assembly; The tail of the screen shovel is connected to the support beam through a hinged connection structure; The lower part of the screen shovel is connected with a support wheel for contacting the ground through a rod.

9. The corn straw deep ploughing and returning to field based full ploughing layer fertilization device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Flexible connecting materials for making up gaps are arranged between adjacent screen shovels.

10. The corn straw deep ploughing and returning to field based full ploughing layer fertilization device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The screen shovels are 2N in number, a horizontally arranged sleeve is arranged below the Nth screen shovel, a cylinder spring is arranged in the sleeve, and the two ends of the cylinder spring pull two adjacent flexible connecting materials.

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