Method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata-velvet antler mushroom under crop rotation forest by artificially utilizing material-soil separation cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a dictyophora rubrovolvata-velvet antler mushroom rotation under-forest cultivation method by using a material-soil separation cultivation method. Through seasonal crop rotation of dictyophora rubrovolvata and pilose antler mushrooms, time and resources of under-forest space are fully utilized, and efficient recycling of land is achieved. The dictyophora rubrovolvata grows in a medium-high temperature season from March to September, and the pilose antler mushrooms are cultivated in a low temperature period from November to February of the next year, such a peak shifting planting mode not only avoids excessive consumption of soil nutrients by a single crop, but also can improve the soil fertility by virtue of the improvement effect on the soil microenvironment in the growth process of different fungi. Meanwhile, a material-soil separation technology is adopted, so that the mushroom sticks and the soil are separated conveniently and efficiently, breeding and accumulation of diseases and pests in the soil are reduced, and the risk of continuous cropping obstacles is reduced. And due to the reutilization of the factory waste mushroom sticks, the production cost is reduced, and the recycling of agricultural wastes is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for artificial cultivation of *Dictyophora indicum* and *Fungiformis cuspidatum* under forest cover using a soil-material separation cultivation method. Background Technology

[0002] Red-topped bamboo fungus (Dictyophora indusiata Vent. ex PersFisch), also known as bamboo fungus, bamboo mushroom, and bamboo ginseng, is a cryptogamic fungus that parasitizes the roots of dead bamboo. It has been listed as one of the "Eight Treasures of Herbs" since ancient times. Bamboo fungus is rich in nutrients; the fruiting body contains 19 kinds of amino acids, accounting for 40% of its total weight, of which 8 are essential amino acids, accounting for 35%. Bamboo fungus is a precious wild delicacy in my country, admired by people both domestically and internationally. It is recognized internationally as an "excellent source of protein" and has the reputation of being a "modern health food" and "the pinnacle of human plant-based foods." In addition, red-topped bamboo fungus is also rich in vitamins C, B1, B2, and various trace elements, possessing significant nourishing and health-promoting effects.

[0003] Currently, the cultivation of *Dictyophora indicum* faces the following challenges: Most cultivation methods employ traditional soil-covering techniques, with the substrate directly contacting the soil. This leads to difficulties in separating the substrate later on, and the residual substrate easily breeds pests and diseases, increasing the risk of continuous cropping obstacles. Furthermore, long-term monoculture excessively depletes specific nutrients in the soil, causing a decline in soil fertility and impacting subsequent cultivation efficiency. *Dictyophora indicum*, a low-temperature edible fungus, boasts a crisp and tender texture and rich nutritional value, with market demand increasing year by year. However, its traditional cultivation relies heavily on artificially constructed greenhouses, which is not only costly but also results in low land resource utilization. In addition, a large amount of waste substrate from industrialized mushroom cultivation is not effectively utilized, wasting resources and potentially polluting the environment. Therefore, how to innovate cultivation methods to achieve efficient crop rotation of *Dictyophora indicum* with other edible fungi, improve land and resource utilization, reduce production costs, and decrease pest and disease occurrence has become a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for artificial cultivation of *Dictyophora indicum* and *Fungiformis edulis* in forest under rotation using a soil-material separation cultivation method, which is specifically achieved through the following technical solution.

[0005] A method for artificial cultivation of *Dictyophora indicum* and *Fungiformis cuspidatum* in forest understory using a soil-material separation cultivation method, characterized by the following steps: (a) Cultivation of red-topped bamboo fungus using separate substrate and soil from March to September. (1) Selection and surface cleaning of cultivated forest land: Suitable range for cultivated forest land: 0.6 ~ 0.8; (2) Soil treatment: Till the land. The tillage depth should be 20 to 25 cm. (3) Soil-substrate separation cultivation of mushroom sticks: ① Pretreatment of the mushroom logs: After removing the red-topped bamboo fungus logs from the bag, wrap them with a single layer of shade netting with 4-6 needles; ② Place the mushroom sticks into the soil-filled compartments, arranging them neatly, and fill all the gaps between the mushroom sticks with forest humus; ③ After arranging them, cover the surface of the mushroom sticks with an 8-10 stitch shade net to isolate them from the soil; ④ Cover the mushroom logs covered with shade netting with another 3-5cm of soil; (4) Management of mycelium on soil: After covering the soil, do not spray water. Cover the soil surface with a layer of white film to keep it moist. Maintain the ground temperature within 5-15 degrees. After about 30 days, the film will form. Use a sprayer to water the soil, and thoroughly water the 3-5cm soil layer. (5) Management during the fruiting stage: When the bamboo eggs grow to 1 to 2 cm, control the ground temperature to 18 to 25℃, the relative humidity of the ground to 65% to 70%, and the relative humidity of the air to 85% to 90%. Workers should be exposed to light during water replenishment and other operations, and diffused light should be provided during the fruiting stage. (6) Harvesting: Harvest when the skirt of the red-topped bamboo fungus has fully opened and the spore colloid has begun to autolyze and drip. (II) Separation and treatment of soil materials in October and November (1) Surface treatment: After harvesting bamboo fungus, use tools to clean up weeds, fallen leaves and other debris from the surface of the cultivation site; (2) Separating the mushroom sticks: Untie the shade net from one side along the surface of the box where the red-topped bamboo fungus is cultivated, use the shade net to lift the soil on the mushroom sticks to one side, take out the mushroom sticks covered by 4-6 pins of shade net under the shade net, and pull the separated mushroom sticks out of the site as soon as possible. (3) Surface disinfection: After digging out the mushroom sticks, first sprinkle a layer of lime in the trench, and then spray pyrethroid insecticide diluted 1000-1200 times; (4) Soil treatment: The soil cleared on one side is disinfected and piled up for one month; (III) Cultivation of deer antler mushroom (1) Preparation of mushroom sticks: The mushroom sticks are deer antler mushroom sticks that have been produced in a factory. They are transported to the cultivation site by logistics vehicles. The cost of using the mushroom sticks after cultivation is 0.1-0.3 yuan / stick, and they can produce 400-600g of mushrooms / stick. (2) Separate soil and substrate for cultivation of deer antler mushroom: The mushroom logs of deer antler mushroom are different from those of red-topped bamboo fungus. Deer antler mushroom logs are firm and do not easily fall apart. When cultivating, it is not necessary to wrap the mushroom logs with a single layer of 4-6 needle shade net. Place the deer antler mushroom logs in the soil-filled compartments and arrange them. After arranging them, cover the surface of the mushroom logs with another layer of 8-10 needle shade net to isolate the soil. Cover the mushroom logs with 3-5cm of soil again after covering them with the shade net. (3) Management of mycelium on soil: After covering the soil, do not spray water. Cover the soil surface with a layer of white film to keep it moist. Maintain the ground temperature within 5-15 degrees. After January of the following year, when the film forms, use a sprayer to water it and thoroughly water the 3-5cm soil layer. (4) Management during the mushroom growing stage: In February, the mushrooms sprout. Control the soil temperature to 18 to 25℃, the relative humidity of the ground to 65% to 70%, and the relative humidity of the air to 85% to 90%. Workers should be exposed to light during water replenishment and other operations. (5) Harvesting: Deer antler mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a height of 5-8cm.

[0006] Furthermore, the suitable range is 0.6 to 0.8, specifically meaning that the canopy of the forest can block 60%-80% of the sunlight.

[0007] Furthermore, regarding the selection of the cultivated forest land, the specific slope aspect is: the preferred slopes are semi-shaded and semi-sunny slopes, namely the east-facing, northeast-facing, and northwest-facing slopes.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific compartment to be opened in step (a)-(3)-② is a compartment with a width of 30cm, a depth of 5cm, and an unlimited length.

[0009] Furthermore, in steps (a)-(3)-②, the specific placement method is to place two rows of mushroom sticks in the forward direction with a spacing of 3-5cm in the forward direction, and the mushroom sticks in the horizontal direction are close together. The gaps between the mushroom sticks are filled with forest humus. 18-20 mushroom sticks are cultivated per square meter.

[0010] Furthermore, in steps (i)-(5) and (iii)-(4), diffused light is added during the fruiting stage, with a light intensity of 200 to 500 lx.

[0011] Furthermore, in steps (ii)-(3), after sprinkling a layer of lime, spray a pyrethroid insecticide diluted 1000-1200 times after an interval of 5 days.

[0012] Furthermore, the soil treatment in step (ii)-(4) specifically involves mixing 5%-10% lime into the soil that has been cleared on one side, spraying it thoroughly with a pyrethroid insecticide diluted 1000-1200 times after a 7-day interval, and then piling it up for one month.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (iii)-(2), the compartment to be opened is 30cm wide, 5cm deep, and of unlimited length.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (iii)-(2), the specific placement method is to place two rows of mushroom sticks in the forward direction with a spacing of 3-5cm in the forward direction, and the mushroom sticks in the horizontal direction are close together. The gaps between the mushroom sticks are filled with forest humus. 18-20 mushroom sticks are cultivated per square meter.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of this invention are reflected in: (1) The present invention adopts a soil separation method for cultivating red-topped bamboo fungus under forest, which can quickly remove the fungal sticks from the soil after planting red-topped bamboo fungus and reduce the risk of pests and diseases; (2) After the soil is separated from the material and sterilized and piled up, the cultivation of deer antler mushroom can continue; (3) The crop rotation varieties selected in this invention are red-topped bamboo fungus and deer antler mushroom. Red-topped bamboo fungus is a medium-high temperature variety, while deer antler mushroom is a low temperature variety. Deer antler mushroom can avoid the impact of pests and diseases on the land where red-topped bamboo fungus has been cultivated on deer antler mushroom by using the low temperature environment from November to February. (4) This invention utilizes the time and resources of the understory space through seasonal rotation of *Dictyophora indicum* and *Pleurotus ostreatus*, achieving efficient land recycling. *Dictyophora indicum* grows during the mid-to-high temperature season from March to September, while *Pleurotus ostreatus* is cultivated during the low temperature period from November to February of the following year. This staggered planting model not only avoids excessive consumption of soil nutrients by a single crop, but also improves soil fertility by leveraging the soil microenvironment improved by different fungi during their growth. Simultaneously, the use of material-soil separation technology makes the separation of the mushroom sticks from the soil convenient and efficient, reducing the breeding and accumulation of pests and diseases in the soil and lowering the risk of continuous cropping obstacles. The reuse of industrialized waste mushroom sticks reduces production costs and realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, meeting the requirements of green agricultural development. For high-altitude, cool climate regions such as Guizhou, this method can fully utilize the advantages of the local understory environment, effectively increasing the planting income per unit area through reasonable variety matching and cultivation management, providing local growers with a practical way to increase income, and possessing good economic and ecological benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further defined below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the descriptions provided.

[0017] Example 1 Implementation Location: State-owned Forest Farm, Huazuo Township, Nayong County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province (I) Cultivation stage of red-topped bamboo fungus 1. On March 5, 2024, 3 mu of land under the forest was selected for understory cultivation. The canopy closure was 0.7. 2,000 mushroom sticks were planted per mu, for a total of 6,000 mushroom sticks.

[0018] 2. On March 6, 2024, soil treatment: the land was tilled to a depth of 20 to 25 cm. 3. From March 10th to March 20th, 2024, the substrate-soil separation cultivation of the mushroom logs will be carried out: ① Pretreatment of the mushroom sticks: After removing the red-topped bamboo fungus mushroom sticks from the bag, wrap them with a single layer of 4-needle shade netting; ② Place the mushroom logs in a soil box that is 30cm wide, 5cm deep, and of unlimited length. Arrange two rows of mushroom logs in the direction of the soil, with a 5cm spacing between them. Place the mushroom logs close together in the horizontal direction. Fill all the gaps between the mushroom logs with forest humus. Cultivate 20 mushroom logs per square meter. ③ After arranging them, cover the surface of the mushroom sticks with a 10-needle shade net to isolate them from the soil; ④ Cover the mushroom logs covered with shade netting with another 5cm of soil.

[0019] 4. On March 21, 2024, mycelium management on soil: After covering the soil, do not spray water. Cover the soil surface with a layer of white mulch to keep it moist. Maintain the ground temperature between 5-15 degrees Celsius. After 29 days, when the mycelium has covered the soil and formed a film, use a sprayer to water it and thoroughly water the soil layer.

[0020] 5. On May 16, 2024, management during the fruiting stage: When the bamboo eggs grow to 1 to 2 cm, control the soil temperature to 18 to 25℃, the relative humidity of the ground to 65% to 70%, and the relative humidity of the air to 85% to 90%. Workers should be exposed to light during watering and other operations. During the fruiting stage, supplement with diffused light with a light intensity of 200 to 500 lx.

[0021] 6. Harvesting will begin on July 16, 2024: Harvest when the skirt of the red-topped bamboo fungus has fully opened and the spore colloid has begun to autolyze and drip.

[0022] (II) Soil Separation and Soil Treatment Stage 1. On October 9, 2024, surface treatment was carried out on the cultivation site of red-topped bamboo fungus in the forest farm: After the bamboo fungus was harvested, tools were used to clean up weeds, fallen leaves and other debris from the cultivation site. 2. On October 10, 2024, the mushroom sticks were separated: along the surface of the box where the red-topped bamboo fungus was cultivated, the shade net was removed from one side, the soil on the mushroom sticks was lifted to one side using the shade net, and the mushroom sticks covered by the 6-pin shade net were taken out. The separated mushroom sticks were pulled out of the site as soon as possible. 3. Surface disinfection on October 10, 2024: After digging out the mushroom sticks, first sprinkle a layer of lime in the trench, and after 5 days, spray with a 1000-fold diluted pyrethroid insecticide. 4. On October 15, 2024, soil treatment: Mix 5%-10% lime into the soil that has been cleared on one side. After 7 days, spray thoroughly with a pyrethroid insecticide diluted 1000-1200 times, and then pile it up for one month.

[0023] (III) Cultivation stage of deer antler mushroom 1. Preparation of mushroom spawn on November 25, 2024: The mushroom spawn used is deer antler mushroom spawn produced in a factory. It is transported to the cultivation site by logistics vehicles. The cost of using the cultivated mushroom spawn is 0.1-0.3 yuan / spawn, and it can produce 400-600g of mushrooms / spawn. The total area is 3 mu, with 2900 mushroom spawn per mu, for a total of 5700 mushroom spawn.

[0024] 2. On November 26, 2024, the cultivation of *Pleurotus ostreatus* using a separate substrate and soil: The substrate for *Pleurotus ostreatus* differs from that of *Dictyophora indicum* (red-topped bamboo fungus). *Pleurotus ostreatus* substrate is sturdy and does not easily fall apart. During cultivation, it is not necessary to wrap the substrate with a single layer of 4-6 needle shade netting. The substrate is placed in a 30cm wide, 5cm deep, and unlimited length compartment in the soil. Two rows of substrate are arranged in a longitudinal direction with a 3cm spacing between them. The substrate is placed close together laterally, and the gaps between the substrates are filled with forest humus. 20 substrates are cultivated per square meter. After arranging the substrate, an 8-needle shade netting is placed over the substrate to isolate it from the soil. Finally, a 3cm layer of soil is placed over the substrate covered with the shade netting.

[0025] 3. On November 28, 2024, mycelial soil management: After covering the soil, do not spray water. Cover the soil surface with a layer of white mulch to keep it moist. Maintain the ground temperature within 5-15 degrees Celsius. After January of the following year, when the film forms, use a sprinkler to water the soil, thoroughly watering the 3-5cm soil layer.

[0026] 5. February 2, 2025, management during the mushroom growth stage: In February, the antler mushrooms sprout. Control the soil temperature to 18 to 25℃, the relative humidity of the ground to 65% to 70%, and the relative humidity of the air to 85% to 90%. Workers should be exposed to light during watering and other operations. During the mushroom growth stage, supplement with diffused light with a light intensity of 200 to 500 lx.

[0027] 6. Harvesting on February 20, 2025: Deer antler mushrooms can be harvested when they reach a height of 5-8cm.

[0028] Based on the above embodiments and comparative results, this invention, through seasonal crop rotation of *Dictyophora indicum* and *Pleurotus ostreatus*, fully utilizes the time and resources of forest understory space, achieving efficient land recycling. *Dictyophora indicum* grows during the mid-to-high temperature season from March to September, while *Pleurotus ostreatus* is cultivated during the low temperature period from November to February of the following year. This staggered planting model not only avoids excessive consumption of soil nutrients by a single crop but also enhances soil fertility by improving the soil microenvironment through the growth processes of different fungi. Simultaneously, the use of soil-material separation technology makes the separation of the mushroom substrate from the soil convenient and efficient, reducing the breeding and accumulation of pests and diseases in the soil and lowering the risk of continuous cropping obstacles. The reuse of waste mushroom substrate from factory production reduces production costs and realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, meeting the requirements of green agricultural development. For high-altitude, cool climate regions such as Guizhou, this method can fully leverage the advantages of the local forest understory environment, effectively increasing the planting yield per unit area through reasonable variety matching and cultivation management, providing local growers with a practical and feasible way to increase income, and demonstrating good economic and ecological benefits.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in this invention should be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata under a red toadstool and deer horn mushroom rotation forest by using artificial soil separation cultivation method, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: (1) Cultivation of forest land selection and surface cleaning: the cultivation of forest land suitable range: 0.6 ~ 0.8; (2) Cultivation of soil treatment: plough land, after plough land, plough depth is 20 to 25 cm; (3) material soil separation cultivation of stick: ① stick pretreatment: the red to bamboo fungus stick out of the bag first with 4-6 needle single layer shading net for wrapping; ② stick into the soil open compartment, put the stick, the gap between the stick is all using the undergrowth of forest to fill; ③ after arranging in the stick surface in covering a layer of 8-10 needle shading net for isolation of soil; ④ cover good shading net stick on again cover 3-5 cm of soil; (4) mycelium on the soil management: cover good soil, not spray, cover a layer of white mulch on the soil surface, keep moist, the ground temperature is maintained at 5-15 degrees, about 30 days, film, using spray irrigation, 3-5 cm soil layer all pour through water; (5) management of fruiting stage: in the bamboo egg growth to 1 to 2 cm stage, control the ground temperature 18 to 25 ℃, ground relative humidity is 65% to 70%, air relative humidity is 85% to 90%, workers to supplement water during the operation see light, fruiting stage to supplement the scattered light; (6) harvest: in the red to bamboo fungus gill has been completely open, spore colloid begins to dissolve to drip before harvest; (2) separation of material soil and soil treatment (1) surface treatment: after picking bamboo fungus, use tools to clean up the surface of the cultivation site weeds, fallen leaves, etc.; (2) separation of stick: along the cultivation of red to bamboo fungus box side open shading net, the stick on the soil with shading net to one side, the stick under the 4-6 needle shading net cover take out, separate stick as soon as possible to pull out of the site; (3) surface disinfection: after digging out the stick, first in the ditch, then spray 1000-1200 times diluted pyrethroid insecticides; (4) soil treatment: the soil on one side, after disinfection, put in a month; (Three) cultivation of deer mushroom (1) preparation of stick: stick with factory out of the mushroom deer mushroom stick, using logistics vehicles to transport to the cultivation site, using the cultivation of stick cost 0.1-0.3 yuan / stick, can out of the mushroom 400-600 g / stick; (2) material soil separation cultivation of deer mushroom: deer mushroom stick and red to bamboo fungus stick is different, deer mushroom stick solid is not easy to open, cultivation of stick does not need to use 4-6 needle single layer wrapping, put the stick in the soil open compartment, put the stick; After arranging in the stick surface in covering a layer of 8-10 needle shading net for isolation of soil, cover good shading net stick on again cover 3-5 cm of soil; (3) mycelium on the soil management: cover good soil, not spray, cover a layer of white mulch on the soil surface, keep moist, the ground temperature is maintained at 5-15 degrees, after January, next year, film, using spray irrigation, 3-5 cm soil layer all pour through water; ​ (4) fruiting stage management: in February, deer mushroom sprouts, control the ground temperature 18 to 25℃, the ground relative humidity is 65% to 70%, the air relative humidity is 85% to 90%, and the light is seen during the operation of workers such as water replenishment; (5) harvesting: deer mushroom height reaches 5-8cm, can be harvested.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating Dictyophora rubrovolvata under the forest of the Dictyophora rubrovolvata-velvet antler mushroom rotation system is characterized in that, The suitable range: 0.6 ~ 0.8, specifically, the crown layer of the forest can block 60%-80% of sunlight.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method for cultivating Dictyophora indusiata and Antler-like Mushroom in a red toadstool soil separation cultivation method and a deer horn mushroom rotation forest is characterized in that, The cultivation forest is selected, and the specific slope direction is: the first choice is the semi-shady and semi-shady slope, that is, the east slope, the northeast slope and the northwest slope.

4. The artificial soil separation cultivation method of Dictyophora rubrovolvata - Cornus officinalis rotation forest underground cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1) - (3) - ②, the specific compartment is a compartment with a width of 30cm, a depth of 5cm and an unlimited length.

5. The artificial soil separation cultivation method of Dictyophora rubrovolvata - Cornus officinalis mushroom under-plantation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1) - (3) - ②, the specific placement method is to place 2 rows of fungus sticks in the same direction with a distance of 3-5cm, and the fungus sticks are placed closely in the transverse direction. The gap between the fungus sticks is filled with undergrowth humus, and 18-20 fungus sticks are planted per square.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the artificial soil separation cultivation method of Dictyophora rubrovolvata - Cornus officinalis mushroom under cultivation is characterized by, In step (1) - (5) and step (3) - (4), scattered light is supplemented during the fruiting stage, and the light intensity is 200 to 500lx.

7. The artificial soil separation cultivation method of Dictyophora rubrovolvata - Cornus officinalis rotation forest underground cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2) - (3), after spreading a layer of lime, 1000-1200 times diluted pyrethroid insecticides are sprayed after 5 days.

8. The artificial soil separation cultivation method of Dictyophora rubrovolvata - Cornus officinalis mushroom under cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2) - (4), the soil treatment is that the soil cleaned on one side is mixed with 5%-10% lime, and after 7 days, 1000-1200 times diluted pyrethroid insecticides are sprayed and stacked for one month.

9. The artificial soil separation cultivation method of Dictyophora rubrovolvata - Cornus officinalis mushroom under cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3) - (2), the specific compartment is a compartment with a width of 30cm, a depth of 5cm and an unlimited length.

10. The artificial soil separation cultivation method of Dictyophora rubrovolvata - Cornus officinalis mushroom under cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3) - (2), the specific placement method is to place 2 rows of fungus sticks in the same direction with a distance of 3-5cm, and the fungus sticks are placed closely in the transverse direction. The gap between the fungus sticks is filled with undergrowth humus, and 18-20 fungus sticks are planted per square.

Images