Greenhouse planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of ganoderma lucidum

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of ganoderma lucidum, and belongs to the technical field of medicinal fungus cultivation. The technical problem to be solved is to provide the greenhouse planting method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the ganoderma lucidum, which can effectively improve the micro-ecological environment of greenhouse soil, improve the soil fertility, significantly relieve the continuous cropping obstacle of the ganoderma lucidum and improve the yield of the ganoderma lucidum. According to the technical scheme, the greenhouse planting method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of the ganoderma lucidum comprises the steps of (1) base fertilizer treatment, wherein a ganoderma lucidum planting field is irrigated, and base fertilizer treatment is conducted; (2) primary green manure crop planting: deeply ploughing and pulping soil, and planting green manure crops to enable the green manure crops to naturally grow; (3) secondary green manure crop planting: deeply ploughing the primary green manure crop obtained in the step (2), and planting the secondary green manure crop to enable the secondary green manure crop to naturally grow; and (4) ganoderma lucidum planting: applying an alkaline conditioner in the greenhouse, performing deep ploughing and fertilizing on the second-round green manure crops obtained in the step (3), and then planting ganoderma lucidum.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medicinal fungus cultivation, in particular to a greenhouse planting method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst. Ganoderma lucidum Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst. is also called Ganoderma lucidum, Xiancao and Changshengcao, and is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials with high medicinal value. The application history of Ganoderma lucidum can be traced back thousands of years. In the development of Ganoderma lucidum industry, the continuous cropping obstacle of Ganoderma lucidum is a big problem in the large-scale cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. The so-called "continuous cropping obstacle of Ganoderma lucidum" refers to the phenomenon that the growth becomes weak, the disease and insect pests are intensified, and the yield is reduced in the process of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in the same soil area for continuous planting, even under normal cultivation management conditions. According to the existing data, the out-yield rate of Ganoderma lucidum planted in new land is generally more than 98%, while the out-yield rate of Ganoderma lucidum after the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacle is about 47%, which is only half of that of Ganoderma lucidum planted in new land. Studies have shown that the use of winter idle space planting and the turning of green manure can not only rapidly increase the organic matter content of soil, but also regulate soil nutrient balance, improve soil nutrient transformation, increase soil microbial activity, inhibit soil-borne diseases and eliminate harmful substances in soil through nutrient absorption and root exudates during the growth of green manure. Green manure contains 15%-20% of organic matter, which can promote the mineralization and decomposition of soil organic matter and the circulation and transformation of soil nutrients after turning, and is beneficial to improve soil fertility and improve soil microbial environment. Therefore, green manure such as ryegrass and Chinese milk vetch can not only provide fertility for soil as green and environmentally friendly fertilizer, but also improve and repair the soil microbial environment to create a good growth environment for plants or microorganisms. Therefore, a method for continuous planting of Ganoderma lucidum is proposed.

[0003] The retrieved relevant patent documents are as follows: A method for facility planting of Ganoderma lucidum is disclosed in the document CN107996282A published on May 18, 2018. After harvesting of Ganoderma lucidum, water is poured into the Ganoderma lucidum planting shed, lime nitrogen and / or slaked lime are sprinkled on the field after pouring water, the shading system of the shed is removed, the agricultural film is retained, and the Ganoderma lucidum planting shed is closed for fumigation: after fumigation for 7-21 days, the soil in the shed is deep ploughed; after neutralization and disinfection of chlorine dioxide, the agricultural film is opened, and after the soil is dried, the seeds of Chinese milk vetch and / or ryegrass are scattered in the Ganoderma lucidum planting shed for natural growth; after deep ploughing of the soil for planting Chinese milk vetch and / or ryegrass, the next batch of Ganoderma lucidum is arranged. Through the operations of pouring water, disinfection, fumigation, deep ploughing and plant fertilization in the Ganoderma lucidum planting shed, the soil microbial ecosystem is reconstructed, and the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of Ganoderma lucidum is effectively solved.

[0004] The retrieved relevant non-patent documents are as follows: The journal *Biotechnology Bulletin* published an article titled "The Control Effect of Lime on Continuous Crop Obstacles in Ganoderma Lucidum and Its Microbial Community Analysis," Volume 4, dated November 24, 2020. This article discloses the effects of lime treatment on continuous cropping casing soil on Ganoderma lucidum yield, disease rate, and microbial community changes, providing a theoretical basis for controlling continuous cropping obstacles in Ganoderma lucidum. Using Ganoderma lucidum casing soil from four years of continuous cropping (CK) as a control, the casing soil was treated with 22.5 kg of lime (LI45), 45 kg of lime (LI90), and 45 kg of lime evenly spread (LS90). ITS1 and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing were then performed on the CK, LI45, and LI90 groups using the Shemina NovaSeq platform. The results showed that, at the same dosage, lime immersion treatment significantly improved continuous cropping obstacles in Ganoderma lucidum compared to lime evenly spread treatment. Furthermore, in the lime immersion treatment group, the yield, yield, and abundance of some microbial communities showed a dose-dependent effect. Compared with the control group, the LI90 group showed the most significant effect, with an increase of approximately 68.89% in the yield and approximately 135.87% in the production rate, while reducing the disease rate by approximately 54.90%. At the fungal level, the relative abundance of Aspergillus and other fungi in the LI90 group was significantly lower than that in the control group. At the bacterial level, the relative abundance of Bacillus and Acidophilus in the casing soil of the LI90 group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the relative abundance of Bacillus and Acidophilus showed a dose-dependent increase. In conclusion, lime soaking treatment in the LI90 group can reduce the inhibitory effect of continuous cropping of Ganoderma lucidum, which may be related to the reduction of pathogens such as Aspergillus and the increase of various beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus in the casing soil of continuous cropping of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0005] The prior art represented by the aforementioned documents has at least the following unresolved technical problems or defects: (1) It may inhibit the availability of soil trace elements. The relevant evidence is: the literature titled “The control effect of lime on the continuous cropping obstacle of Ganoderma lucidum and its microbial community analysis”. The lime treatment disclosed in this literature will increase the soil pH, but may reduce the availability of some trace elements (such as iron, manganese, copper and zinc). 2) It may damage the soil structure and cause secondary soil salinization or compaction. The relevant evidence is: the literature titled "The Control Effect of Lime on the Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum Covering and Its Microbial Community Analysis". The lime disclosed in this literature contains a lot of calcium ions. Long-term use will cause calcium ion accumulation. If drainage is poor, secondary soil salinization or compaction may occur. 3) It may damage the soil microbial community and cause soil microecological imbalance. The relevant evidence is: the literature titled "The Control Effect of Lime on the Continuous Cropping Obstacle of Ganoderma lucidum Covering and Its Microbial Community Analysis". The literature discloses that lime is highly alkaline and will kill microorganisms in the soil, including harmful and beneficial bacteria. Short-term use will aggravate the soil microbial imbalance, and long-term use will damage the soil microbial diversity and affect the soil nutrient cycling system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide: A greenhouse cultivation method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of Ganoderma lucidum, and related technologies, to solve the defects of existing technologies, increase soil organic matter content, enhance soil microbial activity, inhibit soil-borne diseases and eliminate harmful substances in the soil, and improve the yield of Ganoderma lucidum and the production of spores, or a combination thereof.

[0007] Terminology Explanation: Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains. Unless otherwise stated, all patents, patent inventions, and disclosures cited throughout this document are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Where multiple definitions exist for terms herein, the definitions provided in this chapter shall prevail.

[0008] It should be understood that the above brief description and the following detailed description are exemplary and for illustrative purposes only, and do not limit the subject matter of the invention in any way. In this invention, the singular is used in conjunction with the plural unless otherwise specifically stated. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the use of “or” or “or” means “and / or”. Furthermore, the use of the term “comprising” and other forms such as “including,” “containing,” and “contains” are not limiting.

[0009] Definitions of standard chemical terms can be found in the references "Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition" and "Implementation Guidelines for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) of Chinese Medicinal Materials".

[0010] Unless otherwise stated, conventional methods within the scope of the art, such as morphological identification, molecular biological identification, streak plate separation, and soil physicochemical property testing, shall be used.

[0011] Unless specifically defined herein, the use of all commercially available products herein employs standard techniques. For example, it may be carried out using the manufacturer's instructions for use with the kit, or in accordance with methods known in the art or the description of this invention. The techniques and methods described herein can generally be implemented according to conventional methods well known in the art, based on the descriptions in the various summary and more specific documents cited and discussed in this specification.

[0012] The term "Ganoderma" used in this article refers to the general term for fungi of the genus Ganoderma in the family Polyporaceae of the phylum Basidiomycota. Common medicinal varieties such as Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense are traditionally considered to have medicinal value, and modern research also focuses on their active ingredients.

[0013] The term "green manure" used in this article refers to herbaceous plants (such as milkvetch and alfalfa) that are specifically planted and then plowed into the soil or cut and returned to farmland to improve soil fertility and quality. Their core function is to replace or supplement chemical fertilizers and achieve soil nutrient cycling.

[0014] The term "soil organic matter" used in this article refers to the total amount of carbon-containing organic compounds in the soil, including plant and animal remains, microbial bodies and their decomposition and transformation products (such as humus). It is one of the core indicators of soil fertility and plays a key role in soil structure, nutrient cycling and biological activity.

[0015] The term "ryegrass" used in this article refers to perennial or annual forage crops belonging to the genus *Lolium* of the Poaceae family. Common varieties include perennial ryegrass and multiflora ryegrass. It is an excellent forage crop widely introduced and cultivated around the world, and is also commonly used for ornamental landscaping and golf course fairway construction.

[0016] The term "soil microecological environment" used in this article refers to the dynamic balance system in soil composed of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc.), protozoa, nematodes, and other microorganisms, along with abiotic factors such as soil minerals, organic matter, water, air, and temperature. In this system, microorganisms regulate soil fertility through activities such as decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and transforming nutrients. Simultaneously, the competition and symbiotic relationships among microorganisms also affect soil health (e.g., inhibiting pathogen reproduction), forming the core foundation for crop growth and the maintenance of soil function.

[0017] The term "Ganoderma lucidum yield" used in this article refers to a key indicator for measuring the efficiency of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. It represents the percentage of cultivated units that successfully produce harvestable Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies (i.e., "Ganoderma bodies") within a certain cultivation scale (e.g., a certain number of bags or beds), out of the total number of cultivated units. In this article, the yield is expressed as (number of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies / actual number of plants) * 100%. The yield is affected by factors such as spawn vigor, substrate formulation, temperature and humidity (suitable temperature for Ganoderma lucidum fruiting is 25-28℃, humidity 85%-95%), and ventilation conditions. A higher yield indicates more reasonable cultivation techniques and environmental control.

[0018] The term "Ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield" used in this article refers to the total weight (usually expressed in grams or kilograms) of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder collected from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum per unit time (such as one fruiting cycle). Ganoderma lucidum spore powder consists of reproductive cells ejected from the tubes beneath the cap of the Ganoderma lucidum when it matures. Its yield is closely related to the Ganoderma lucidum variety (such as "red Ganoderma" or "purple Ganoderma"), the number and maturity of the fruiting bodies, the cultivation environment (such as the duration of light exposure and CO2 concentration), and the collection method (such as bagging collection). It is a core production capacity indicator in the industrial production of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

[0019] The term "base fertilizer" used in this article refers to fertilizer applied to the soil before sowing or transplanting crops, or during the dormant period of perennial crops. Its function is to provide basic nutrients (especially long-lasting nutrients) for the entire growth cycle of crops, while also improving soil structure (such as organic base fertilizers). Common types include well-rotted farmyard manure (compost, stable manure), compound fertilizers, and slow-release fertilizers. For example, spreading well-rotted sheep manure before planting vegetables, or adding sawdust, bran, and other nutrient substrates to the culture medium before planting Ganoderma lucidum, can also be considered "base fertilizer" in a broad sense.

[0020] The term "deep tillage" used in this article refers to the operation method of turning over and loosening the deep soil layer (usually ≥20 cm deep, far exceeding the 10-15 cm of conventional shallow tillage) using tillage machinery (such as deep tillage plows, rotary tillers, etc.) and mixing some of the surface straw, stubble, organic fertilizer, etc. into the deep soil layer.

[0021] The term "pulping" as used in this article refers to a pretreatment or processing technique commonly used in agriculture and agricultural product processing. It involves using machinery (such as pulpers and crushers) to break down and grind materials (e.g., fresh crop straw, green manure, fruits and vegetables, Ganoderma lucidum culture medium) into a paste or slurry. Pulping increases the surface area of ​​the material, facilitating subsequent processing—for example, pulverizing green manure and then turning it into the soil accelerates decomposition; pulverizing Ganoderma lucidum culture medium makes nutrients more evenly distributed, which is beneficial for mycelial absorption.

[0022] The term "alkaline conditioner" as used in this article refers to a class of substances used in agriculture, horticulture, and cultivation to neutralize acidic media (soil, cultivation substrate, or culture medium), raise their pH value to the target range, and improve the physical and chemical properties and fertility of the media.

[0023] The term "lime" used in this article refers to a soil conditioner and disinfectant commonly used in agricultural production, whose main components are calcium oxide (quicklime) or calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime). Its core functions include: first, regulating soil pH, lowering the pH of acidic soils (such as southern red soil), and improving the growth environment for crops (such as wheat and corn) and microorganisms; second, providing calcium (an essential secondary element for crops); and third, disinfection and sterilization, such as by applying lime before sowing to inhibit the activity of soil pathogens (such as wilt pathogens) and underground pests (such as grubs). In addition, it can also be used to adjust the pH of Ganoderma lucidum culture media (the suitable pH for Ganoderma lucidum culture media is 5.5-6.5; lime is added to neutralize excessive acidity).

[0024] The term "soil conservation mechanism" used in this article refers to a systematic mechanism that maintains or improves soil quality, fertility, and ecological functions through a series of agronomic and ecological measures, preventing soil degradation (such as erosion, compaction, salinization, and decline in organic matter). Common measures include: planting green manure and returning straw to the field to replenish organic matter; crop rotation and fallow to avoid continuous cropping obstacles; increasing the application of organic fertilizers to improve soil structure; adopting no-till and mulch planting to reduce soil erosion; and rationally applying chemical fertilizers and pesticides to avoid soil pollution. Its core objective is to achieve a combination of soil use and maintenance to ensure long-term sustainable agricultural production.

[0025] The term “Ganoderma replanting obstacle” used in this article refers to a combination of physiological and pathological obstacles that occur when Ganoderma is planted on the same plot of land or cultivation substrate (such as sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and other artificial cultivation substrates) for multiple seasons or years. This obstacle results in stunted growth and development of Ganoderma, a significant decrease in yield, deterioration in quality (such as the content of effective ingredients and the morphology of fruiting bodies), and an increase in the frequency of pests and diseases.

[0026] In a first aspect, the present invention provides: a greenhouse cultivation method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of Ganoderma lucidum, comprising the following steps: (1) Base fertilizer treatment: Irrigate the Ganoderma lucidum planting area and apply base fertilizer; (2) First round of green manure crop planting: Deeply till the soil and slurry it, then plant green manure crops and let them grow naturally; (3) Planting of second-round green manure crops: Deeply cultivate the first-round green manure crops obtained in step (2) and plant the second-round green manure crops to allow them to grow naturally; (4) Ganoderma lucidum cultivation: Apply alkaline conditioner in the greenhouse, and then cultivate Ganoderma lucidum after deep plowing the second round of green manure crops obtained in step (3) to fertilize the soil.

[0027] These include technical features such as: base fertilizer treatment, second-round fertilizer application, green manure crops, deep tillage and pulping, and alkaline conditioners.

[0028] Preferably, in step (1), the water level is higher than the furrow surface. Preferably, before the water treatment in step (1), the step of harvesting and cleaning the greenhouse Ganoderma lucidum is also included.

[0029] More preferably, the harvesting and cleaning process involves removing residual Ganoderma lucidum residue, plant debris, weeds, and other impurities from the shed. The base fertilizer type mentioned in step (1) is selected from at least one of the following: chicken manure organic fertilizer, sheep manure organic fertilizer, old peat organic fertilizer, and dendrobium organic fertilizer; Preferably, it is at least one of old peat organic fertilizer and Dendrobium organic fertilizer; A further preferred option is: Dendrobium organic fertilizer.

[0030] The amount of base fertilizer applied in step (1) is 150-500 kg / mu; Preferably, the amount of base fertilizer applied in step (1) is 200 kg / mu.

[0031] Preferably, the deep tillage depth in step (2) is 25-35cm; more preferably, it is 30cm. Preferably, the deep tillage method is deep tillage using a rotary tiller.

[0032] The green manure crop mentioned in step (2) is selected from at least one of alfalfa, ryegrass, milkvetch, oats, honesty, sesbania, and vetch. Preferably, the green manure crop is at least one of ryegrass and milkvetch; Ryegrass is a further preferred choice.

[0033] The application rate of green manure crops in step (2) is 1-5 kg / mu; Preferably, the application rate of the green manure crop in step (2) is 2.5 kg / mu.

[0034] Preferably, the natural growth conditions described in step (2) are as follows: after sowing, spray a layer of water on the surface, close a layer of shade net, and after the seeds germinate and take root, open the shade net and roll up the net around the seeds for ventilation.

[0035] Preferably, the height of the green manure crop in step (2) during free growth is 15-30cm; More preferably, the green manure crop grows to a height of 20cm.

[0036] Preferably, the deep tillage depth in step (3) is 25-35cm; more preferably, it is 30cm. Preferably, the deep tillage method is deep tillage using a rotary tiller.

[0037] The green manure crop mentioned in step (3) is selected from at least one of alfalfa, ryegrass, milkvetch, oats, honesty, sesbania, and vetch. Preferably, the green manure crop is at least one of ryegrass and milkvetch; Ryegrass is a further preferred choice.

[0038] The application rate of green manure crops in step (3) is 1-5 kg / mu; Preferably, the application rate of the green manure crop in step (3) is 2.5 kg / mu.

[0039] Preferably, the natural growth conditions described in step (3) are as follows: after sowing, spray a layer of water on the surface, close a shade net, and after the seeds germinate and take root, open the shade net and roll up the net around the seeds for ventilation.

[0040] Preferably, the height of the green manure crop in step (3) during free growth is 15-30 cm; More preferably, the green manure crop grows to a height of 20cm.

[0041] The alkaline conditioner in step (4) is selected from at least one of calcium cyanamide, wood ash, lime powder, lime water, and gypsum powder. Preferably, the alkaline conditioning agent is at least one of calcium cyanamide and lime powder; More preferably, the alkaline conditioning agent is lime powder.

[0042] The amount of alkaline conditioner applied in step (4) is 10-30 kg / mu; Preferably, the application rate of the alkaline conditioner is 20 kg / mu.

[0043] In step (4), the deep tillage depth of the green manure crop is 25-35cm; more preferably 30cm.

[0044] Preferably, the deep tillage and fertilization operation described in step (4) is preceded by an irrigation operation.

[0045] More preferably, the water level is such that the water surface is higher than the furrow surface.

[0046] Based on further solutions to the technical problems of the present invention, or simultaneous solutions to multiple technical problems, the preferred solution in the technical solution provided in the first aspect of the present invention includes: The first preferred option is that the type of base fertilizer mentioned in step (1) is selected from at least one of the following: chicken manure organic fertilizer, sheep manure organic fertilizer, old peat organic fertilizer, and Dendrobium organic fertilizer; preferably, at least one of Dendrobium organic fertilizer and old peat organic fertilizer; further preferably, Dendrobium organic fertilizer; wherein, the amount of base fertilizer applied in step (1) is 150-500 kg / mu; preferably, the amount of base fertilizer applied in step (1) is 200 kg / mu. This technical solution, based on solving the technical problem of "increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield", further solves the technical problem of "further increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield".

[0047] The second preferred option: the green manure crop in step (2) is selected from at least one of alfalfa, ryegrass, milkvetch, oats, honesty, sesbania, and vetch; preferably, the green manure crop is at least one of ryegrass and milkvetch; more preferably, ryegrass; wherein, the application rate of the green manure crop in step (2) is 1-5 kg / mu; preferably, the application rate of the green manure crop in step (2) is 2.5 kg / mu. This technical solution, based on solving the technical problem of "increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield", further solves the technical problem of "further increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield".

[0048] The third preferred option: wherein the green manure crop in step (3) is selected from at least one of alfalfa, ryegrass, milkvetch, oats, honesty, sesbania, and vetch; preferably, the green manure crop is at least one of ryegrass and milkvetch; more preferably, ryegrass; wherein the application rate of the green manure crop in step (3) is 1-5 kg / mu; preferably, the application rate of the green manure crop in step (3) is 2.5 kg / mu. This technical solution, based on solving the technical problem of "increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield", further solves the technical problem of "further increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield".

[0049] The fourth preferred option: The alkaline conditioner in step (4) is selected from at least one of calcium cyanamide, wood ash, lime powder, lime water, and gypsum powder; preferably, the alkaline conditioner is at least one of calcium cyanamide and lime powder; more preferably, the alkaline conditioner is lime powder; wherein, the application rate of the alkaline conditioner in step (4) is 10-30 kg / mu; preferably, the application rate of the alkaline conditioner is 20 kg / mu. This technical solution, based on solving the technical problem of "increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield", further solves the technical problem of "further increasing soil organic matter content and improving Ganoderma lucidum yield".

[0050] Secondly, the present invention provides the application of the greenhouse cultivation method in alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0051] This includes technical features: applications.

[0052] Preferably, the greenhouse cultivation method described above is widely adaptable to various types of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation greenhouses (including solar greenhouses, plastic film greenhouses, glass greenhouses, etc.) and mainstream planting modes such as ridge planting and bed planting. It is not limited by regional climate differences. By flexibly adjusting the green manure crop varieties (such as ryegrass, wheat, oats, etc.), the type of base fertilizer (organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, well-rotted farmyard manure, etc.), the dosage of alkaline conditioner, and the Ganoderma lucidum planting period, it is suitable for greenhouses with mild obstacles that have been continuously cropped for 2-3 years, as well as greenhouses with moderate to severe obstacles that have been continuously cropped for more than 4 years. It can also meet the continuous cropping needs of common medicinal Ganoderma lucidum varieties such as Ganoderma lucidum var. rubrum, Ganoderma lucidum var. rubrum, and Ganoderma lucidum var. rubrum. The process requires no modification to greenhouse hardware or reliance on specialized equipment, and can be seamlessly integrated into conventional planting procedures. While reducing the use of chemical agents and aligning with the concept of green planting, it significantly improves soil organic matter content, aggregate structure, and micro-ecological environment, reduces the base number of pathogens, thereby enhancing Ganoderma lucidum mycelial vitality, reducing the rate of fruiting body malformation, and increasing yield and the content of effective components (polysaccharides and triterpenoids). It effectively solves the pain points of existing technologies such as limited alleviation effects, high costs, and environmental pollution. It is suitable for full-scale Ganoderma lucidum greenhouse continuous cropping cultivation from family farms to large-scale industrial bases, providing core technical support for the sustainable development of the Ganoderma lucidum industry and possessing significant economic and ecological benefits. In this invention, Examples 1-5 at least support the protection scope of the technical features "base fertilizer", "green manure crops", "deep plowing and pulping" and "alkaline conditioner".

[0053] The technical feature "base fertilizer" is derived from the aforementioned explanation and / or the corresponding technical features "Dendrobium organic fertilizer, chicken manure, sheep manure, old peat" in Examples 1-5, which are summarized by the common feature "fertilizer applied to the soil in advance before crop sowing or transplanting, or during the dormancy period of perennial crops". Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably presume that the technical feature "base fertilizer", its subordinate concepts, its substantially equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace "base fertilizer" based on existing technology and conventional technical means and common knowledge should all fall within the protection scope of the technical feature "base fertilizer". For example, replacing "base fertilizer" with organic base fertilizer while keeping other technical features unchanged still falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0054] The technical feature "green manure crop" is derived from the aforementioned explanation and / or the corresponding technical features "ryegrass" and "milk clover" in Examples 1-5, summarized by the common feature "herbaceous plants that are specially planted and then plowed into the soil or cut and returned to the farmland to improve soil fertility and enhance soil quality." Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably presume that the technical feature "green manure crop," its subordinate concepts, and its substantially equivalent technical means, as well as technical means that can replace "green manure crop" based on existing technology and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the technical feature "green manure crop." For example, replacing "green manure crop" with "green beans" or "oats" while keeping other technical features unchanged still falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0055] The technical feature "deep tillage and pulping" is summarized from the aforementioned explanation and / or the corresponding technical features in Examples 1-5, such as "deep tillage depth is 25-35cm; more preferably 30cm", and is further summarized from the common features "the operation method of turning over and loosening the deep soil layer (usually ≥20cm, far exceeding the conventional shallow tillage of 10-15cm) by tillage machinery (such as deep tillage plows, rotary tillers, etc.) and mixing the surface straw, stubble, organic fertilizer, etc. into the deep soil layer" and "the process of crushing and grinding materials (such as fresh crop straw, green manure, fruits and vegetables, Ganoderma lucidum culture medium raw materials, etc.) into a paste or slurry by machinery (such as pulping machines, crushers). Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably presume that the technical feature "deep plowing and pulping", its subordinate concepts, its basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can replace "deep plowing and pulping" based on existing technical levels and conventional technical means and common knowledge should all fall within the protection scope of the technical feature "deep plowing and pulping". For example, if "deep plowing and pulping" is replaced with "deep turning and harrowing" while other technical features remain unchanged, it still falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0056] The technical feature "alkaline conditioner" is derived from the aforementioned explanation and / or the corresponding technical features in Examples 1-5, such as "at least one of calcium cyanamide, wood ash, lime powder, lime water, and gypsum powder," through the common feature "a general term for substances used in agriculture, horticulture, and cultivation to neutralize acidic media (soil, cultivation substrate, or culture medium), raise their pH value to a target range, and improve the physicochemical properties and fertility of the media." Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably presume that the technical feature "alkaline conditioner," its subordinate concepts, and substantially equivalent technical means, as well as technical means that can replace "alkaline conditioner" based on existing technology and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of the technical feature "alkaline conditioner." For example, replacing "alkaline conditioner" with "lime water" while keeping other technical features unchanged still falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0057] In this invention, embodiments 1-5 at least support the protection scope of the technical feature "the application of the greenhouse cultivation method in alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Ganoderma lucidum".

[0058] The technical feature "application of the greenhouse cultivation method in alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum" is summarized from the aforementioned explanation and / or the corresponding technical features in Examples 1-5, such as "widely adaptable to various types of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation greenhouses (including solar greenhouses, plastic film greenhouses, glass greenhouses, etc.) and mainstream planting modes such as ridge planting and bed planting, not limited by regional climate differences, and obtained by flexibly adjusting the green manure crop varieties (such as ryegrass, wheat, oats, etc. of the Gramineae family), the type of base fertilizer (organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, decomposed farmyard manure, etc.), the amount of alkaline conditioner, and the Ganoderma lucidum planting period." Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the technical feature "application of the greenhouse cultivation method in alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum," its subordinate concepts and their basically equivalent technical means, and the technical means that can replace "application of the greenhouse cultivation method in alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum" based on the existing technical level and conventional technical means and common knowledge, should all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0059] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) Planting and turning over green manure (such as ryegrass) during the fallow period after harvesting Ganoderma lucidum logs can achieve a dual improvement effect: on the one hand, the organic matter content of the soil can be rapidly increased through the decomposition of green manure; on the other hand, the nutrient absorption and root secretion during the growth process of green manure can effectively regulate the soil nutrient balance, promote the efficient conversion of nutrients, and create a superior soil environment for subsequent Ganoderma lucidum cultivation.

[0060] (2) Planting and turning over green manure (such as ryegrass) during the fallow period after harvesting Ganoderma lucidum from logs can increase the activity of soil microorganisms, inhibit soil-borne diseases and eliminate harmful substances in the soil, thereby increasing the yield of Ganoderma lucidum and the production of spores.

[0061] (3) The method of the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, does not require the use of large amounts of chemical agents, is environmentally friendly, can be implemented without changing the basic structure of the greenhouse, and is easy to promote and apply.

[0062] (4) After treatment by the method of the present invention, the yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum can be significantly improved, the continuous cropping obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum can be effectively alleviated, the continuous cropping period of greenhouse Ganoderma lucidum can be extended, and the economic benefits can be improved.

[0063] (5) Compared with the prior art, the present invention has better technical effects in terms of Ganoderma lucidum yield and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder production.

[0064] According to experimental tests, this invention increases the yield of Ganoderma lucidum from about 70% in the existing technology to more than 82%.

[0065] Furthermore, based on the present invention: Based on the comparison of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1, this invention employs a combination of technical means such as "organic base fertilizer, green manure rotation (double-season ryegrass), and soil conditioning (lime tillage) triple technology," achieving a new technical effect of "increasing the yield of Ganoderma lucidum and the proportion of small Ganoderma lucidum." The combined technical effect is superior to the sum of the effects of each individual technical means. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The following non-limiting embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. The following content is merely an exemplary description of the scope of protection claimed by the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosed content, and such changes should also fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0067] The present invention will be further described below by way of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all instruments, devices, equipment, reagents, products, etc., used in the embodiments of the present invention are obtained through conventional commercial means.

[0068] The sources and specifications of the raw materials used in this invention are shown in the table below: Table 1. Raw Material Information

[0069] Example 1 The experiment was conducted in the Ganoderma lucidum greenhouse at the Baimu Base of Zhejiang Shouxian Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. After harvesting and clearing the Ganoderma lucidum, the greenhouse was flooded until the water level was above the bed surface. The soil was then deeply tilled and slurried using a rotary tiller. After the soil dried, drainage ditches were dug in each arch, and ryegrass and milkvetch were sown inside the greenhouse at 2.5 kg / mu. For the first-round ryegrass and milkvetch treatment, when the first round of ryegrass reached approximately 20 cm in length, lime was spread inside the greenhouse at 20 kg / mu, and the soil was flooded until the water level was above the bed surface, followed by deep tilling to fertilize the soil. The second round of ryegrass and milkvetch treatment involved the first round of ryegrass / milkvetch growing to approximately 20 cm, followed by deep plowing. A second round of ryegrass or milkvetch was then sown and planted. Once the second round reached approximately 20 cm, lime was spread inside the greenhouse at 20 kg / acre, and water was applied until the water level was above the bed surface. The second round of ryegrass or milkvetch was then deeply plowed to fertilize the soil. Before planting Ganoderma lucidum, soil samples were dried and taken for soil physicochemical property testing. Afterwards, Ganoderma lucidum from the same batch in good condition were removed from their bags and, once the mycelium had fully colonized the logs, were buried in soils treated differently for further management of Ganoderma lucidum growth. During this period, the light, temperature, and humidity inside the greenhouse were kept constant.

[0070] Example 2 The location was the Ganoderma lucidum greenhouse in the experimental cluster area of ​​the Baimu base of Zhejiang Shouxian Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. After harvesting and clearing the greenhouse of Ganoderma lucidum, water was poured into the greenhouse until the water level was higher than the bed surface. Chicken manure organic fertilizer was applied at a rate of 200 kg / mu. The soil was then deeply tilled and slurried using a rotary tiller. After the soil dried, drainage ditches were dug in each arch, and the first round of ryegrass was sown in the greenhouse at a rate of 2.5 kg / mu. When the first round of ryegrass grew to about 20 cm, it was deeply tilled. A second round of ryegrass was then sown. When the second round of ryegrass grew to about 20 cm, lime was spread in the greenhouse at a rate of 20 kg / mu, and water was poured in until the water level was higher than the bed surface. The second round of ryegrass was then deeply tilled to fertilize the soil. Before planting Ganoderma lucidum, soil samples were dried and taken for soil physicochemical property testing. Afterwards, Ganoderma lucidum from the same batch that was in good condition was removed from its bags and, once the mycelium had fully colonized the soil, logs were buried in soils with different treatments for further management of Ganoderma lucidum growth. During this period, the light, temperature, and humidity inside the greenhouse were kept constant. The yield of Ganoderma lucidum was 76.49%, with small Ganoderma lucidum accounting for 5.87%, and the spore conversion rate was 2.03%.

[0071] Example 3 The chicken manure organic fertilizer in Example 1 was replaced with sheep manure organic fertilizer, while all other treatments remained the same. The yield of Ganoderma lucidum was 82.93%, the proportion of small Ganoderma lucidum was 5.26%, and the spore powder conversion rate was 2.27%.

[0072] Example 4 The chicken manure organic fertilizer in Example 1 was replaced with old peat organic fertilizer, while all other treatments remained the same. The yield of Ganoderma lucidum was 82.13%, the proportion of small Ganoderma lucidum was 3.43%, and the spore conversion rate was 2.28%.

[0073] Example 5 The chicken manure organic fertilizer in Example 1 was replaced with Dendrobium organic fertilizer, while all other treatments remained the same. The yield of Ganoderma lucidum was 84.07%, the proportion of small Ganoderma lucidum was 3.66%, and the spore powder conversion rate was 2.30%.

[0074] Comparative Example 1 The experiment was conducted in the Ganoderma lucidum greenhouse at the Baimu Base of Zhejiang Shouxian Valley Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. After harvesting and cleaning the Ganoderma lucidum, lime was spread inside the greenhouse at 20 kg / mu, and water was poured until the water level was above the bed surface. The soil was then deeply tilled and slurryed using a rotary tiller. Before planting the Ganoderma lucidum, soil samples were dried and taken for soil physicochemical property testing. Afterwards, Ganoderma lucidum from the same batch in good growth condition were removed from their bags and, once the mycelium had fully colonized the substrate, were buried in different treated soils for further management of Ganoderma lucidum growth. During this period, the light, temperature, and humidity inside the greenhouse were kept constant.

[0075] Example of testing: Testing method and calculation method: 1. Soil physicochemical properties: (1) Soil pH test: Soil pH was tested and calculated according to the detection and calculation methods in the agricultural industry standard NY / T 1377-2007 "Determination of Soil pH"; (2) Soil organic matter testing: Soil organic matter was tested and calculated according to the testing and calculation methods in the agricultural industry standard NY / T 1121.6-2006 "Soil Testing Part 6: Determination of Soil Organic Matter"; (3) Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium detection: Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were detected according to the detection methods in the forestry industry standards LY / T 1228-2015 "Determination of nitrogen in forest soil", LY / T 1232-2015 "Determination of phosphorus in forest soil" and LY / T 1234-2015 "Determination of potassium in forest soil" respectively; (4) Detection of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil: The detection methods of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were respectively referred to the forestry industry standards LY / T 1228-2015 "Determination of nitrogen in forest soil", LY / T 1232-2015 "Determination of phosphorus in forest soil" and LY / T 1234-2015 "Determination of potassium in forest soil". (5) Total water-soluble salt content test: The total water-soluble salt content was determined in accordance with the test and calculation methods in the agricultural industry standard NY / T1121.16-2006 "Soil Testing Part 16: Determination of Total Water-Soluble Salt Content in Soil", and was classified according to the classification standards of the Second Global Soil Survey.

[0076] 2. Ganoderma lucidum yield indicators: (1) Ganoderma yield (%): Number of Ganoderma yields / Actual number of plants * 100%; (2) Percentage of small Ganoderma lucidum: Number of small Ganoderma lucidum / Actual number planted * 100%; (3) Fruiting body conversion rate: the percentage of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body to the weight of the log; (4) Spore powder conversion rate: percentage of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder to the weight of log.

[0077] Example 1: Effects of different green manure treatments on Ganoderma lucidum yield and production rate Among them, the CK group was the pre-planting control group (no treatment); Table 2. Effects of different green manure treatments on Ganoderma lucidum yield and production rate

[0078] As shown in Table 2, the yield of Ganoderma lucidum was effectively improved after treatment with milkvetch and ryegrass. The spore conversion rate after the second round of milkvetch and ryegrass treatment was better than that after the first round of treatment. The spore conversion rate of the second round of ryegrass treatment exceeded 2.2%, reaching 2.27%. This indicates that compared with the control CK, milkvetch and ryegrass can effectively improve the yield of Ganoderma lucidum and the spore conversion rate, and the effect of the second round of ryegrass treatment is better.

[0079] Example 2: Detection of soil physicochemical properties and Ganoderma lucidum yield Soil physicochemical properties were sampled and tested before and after Ganoderma lucidum planting (Examples 2, 3, 4, and 5). The CK group was the control group (no treatment) before planting. The test results are shown in the table below: Table 3. Comparison of soil physicochemical properties before Ganoderma lucidum cultivation

[0080] The soil physicochemical properties are shown in Table 3. Compared with the control group (CK), only the treatment in Example 2 (two-round ryegrass + chicken manure organic fertilizer) effectively increased the soil pH (by 0.3), reaching a slightly acidic level. Compared with the CK group, the ryegrass + basal fertilizer treatments effectively increased the organic matter content in the soil to varying degrees. Among them, the treatment in Example 5 (two-round ryegrass + Dendrobium organic fertilizer) had the highest organic matter content (38.1 g / kg), followed by the treatment in Example 4 (two-round ryegrass + old peat). Regarding nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, all indicators, except for total phosphorus which remained at extremely low levels, were at medium to high levels after treatment. Compared with the CK group, except for the treatment in Example 2, the other treatments increased the total potassium and available phosphorus content in the soil. The total potassium content in the treatments in Example 3 (two-round ryegrass + sheep manure) and Example 5 reached extremely high levels, while the available phosphorus in the treatments in Example 4 and Example 5 increased by 139.3% and 115.6% respectively compared to the CK group. Compared with the control group, the ryegrass + basal fertilizer treatment increased the available potassium content to varying degrees. The highest available potassium content was observed in the treatment of Example 5 (154 mg / kg), followed by the treatment of Example 4 (140 mg / kg). The hydrolyzable nitrogen content decreased after the ryegrass + basal fertilizer treatment compared to before the treatment, with only the treatment of Example 5 reaching an extremely high level (152 mg / kg). Overall, the soil fertility of the treatment of Example 5 was at a relatively high level.

[0081] 3. Ganoderma lucidum yield testing The yield and production rate of Ganoderma lucidum were statistically analyzed. The CK group served as the pre-planting control (no treatment). The results are shown in the table below: Table 4. Statistics on Ganoderma lucidum yield and production rate

[0082] As shown in Table 4, compared with the control group, different basal fertilizers plus double-rotted ryegrass treatments all improved the yield and spore conversion rate of Ganoderma lucidum, while reducing the number of small Ganoderma lucidum. Among them, the treatment in Example 5 (Dendrobium organic fertilizer + double-rotted ryegrass) had the highest yield (84.07%), which was 1.50 times that of the control group. The treatment in Example 3 (sheep manure organic fertilizer + double-rotted ryegrass) was second highest at 82.93%, which was 1.48 times that of control example 2. The proportion of small Ganoderma lucidum in the treatments in Example 5 and Example 4 (old peat + double-rotted ryegrass) was relatively low, at 3.66% and 3.43%, respectively. The treatment in Example 2 (double-rotted ryegrass + chicken manure organic fertilizer) had the lowest yield at 76.49% and the highest proportion of small Ganoderma lucidum at 5.87%. The conversion rates of all spores were above 2.0%, which were higher than those of the CK group. Among them, three treatments had a conversion rate of 2.2% or higher. The highest conversion rate was achieved by the treatment in Example 5 at 2.3%, followed by the treatment in Example 4 at 2.28%, while the lowest conversion rate was achieved by the treatment in Example 2 at 2.03%.

[0083] Verification of technical effectiveness and / or analysis of technical problem solving This invention is the first to organically combine three technologies: organic base fertilizer, green manure rotation (double-season ryegrass), and soil conditioning (lime tillage), forming a synergistic improvement system of "short-term fertility enhancement - medium-term nutrient regulation - long-term soil improvement". By utilizing the critical window period from the harvest of Ganoderma lucidum in greenhouses to the planting of the following year, and by scientifically arranging the continuous operation process of "base fertilizer application → two rounds of ryegrass planting and tillage → lime conditioning", the efficient spatial and temporal allocation of land resources is achieved.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention do not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A greenhouse cultivation method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) base fertilizer treatment: watering the ganoderma lucidum planting site and performing base fertilizer treatment; (2) first round of green manure crop planting: deep ploughing and beating the soil, and planting green manure crops to make them grow naturally; (3) second round of green manure crop planting: deep ploughing the first round of green manure crops obtained in step (2), planting second round of green manure crops, and making them grow naturally; (4) ganoderma lucidum planting: spreading and applying an alkaline conditioner in the greenhouse, and deep ploughing and fertilizing the second round of green manure crops obtained in step (3) to plant ganoderma lucidum.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The height of the watering in step (1) is higher than the ridge surface; Preferably, before the watering treatment in step (1), the method further comprises the step of harvesting and clearing the greenhouse ganoderma lucidum; further preferably, the harvesting and clearing is to remove the residual ganoderma lucidum dregs, plant residues, weeds and other impurities in the greenhouse.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The type of the base fertilizer in step (1) is selected from at least one of chicken manure organic fertilizer, sheep manure organic fertilizer, old peat organic fertilizer and dendrobium organic fertilizer; preferably, at least one of old peat organic fertilizer and dendrobium organic fertilizer; further preferably, dendrobium organic fertilizer; The application amount of the base fertilizer in step (1) is 150-500 kg per mu; preferably, 200 kg per mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The depth of the deep ploughing in step (2) is 25-35 cm; further preferably, 30 cm; Preferably, the deep ploughing is performed by a rotary cultivator.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The green manure crop in step (2) is selected from at least one of alfalfa, rye grass, Chinese artichoke, oat, two-month orchid, sesbania, and brome; preferably, at least one of rye grass and Chinese artichoke; further preferably, rye grass; The application amount of the green manure crop in step (2) is 1-5 kg per mu; preferably, 2.5 kg per mu.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The natural growth condition in step (2) is to spray a layer of water on the surface after sowing, close a layer of sunshade net, open the sunshade net and roll the net around for ventilation after the seeds germinate and take root; Preferably, the height of the free growth of the green manure crop in step (2) is 15-30 cm; further preferably, 20 cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The depth of the deep ploughing in step (3) is 25-35 cm; preferably, 30 cm; Preferably, the deep ploughing is performed by a rotary cultivator.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The green manure crop in step (3) is selected from at least one of alfalfa, rye grass, Chinese artichoke, oat, two-month orchid, sesbania, and brome; preferably, at least one of rye grass and Chinese artichoke; further preferably, rye grass; The application amount of the green manure crop in step (3) is 1-5 kg per mu; preferably, 2.5 kg per mu; Preferably, the natural growth condition in step (3) is to spray a layer of water on the surface after sowing, close a layer of sunshade net, open the sunshade net and roll the net around for ventilation after the seeds germinate and take root; Preferably, the height of the free growth of the green manure crop in step (3) is 15-30 cm; further preferably, 20 cm.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The alkaline conditioner in step (4) is selected from at least one of lime nitrogen, wood ash, lime powder, lime water and gypsum powder; preferably, at least one of lime nitrogen and lime powder; further preferably, lime powder; The application amount of the alkaline conditioner in step (4) is 10-30 kg per mu; preferably, 20 kg per mu; The deep ploughing depth of the green manure crop in step (4) is 25-35 cm, preferably 30 cm; Preferably, the method further comprises a water irrigation step before the deep ploughing and fertilizing step (4); further preferably, the water irrigation height is higher than the ridge surface.

10. The application of the greenhouse planting method according to any one of claims 1-9 in the field of alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Ganoderma lucidum.

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