Planting method of boletus edulis with high nutrition conversion rate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fungus cultivation, in particular to a boletus edulis planting method with a high nutrition conversion rate. Comprising the following steps: fermenting bagasse to obtain fermented bagasse; uniformly mixing the crushed fermented bagasse and eucalyptus wood chips with soybean powder, oat powder and lime powder, and adding water until the water content reaches 50-55% to obtain a culture medium; the culture medium is bagged, sterilized and cooled, and the treated culture medium is obtained; inoculating a liquid strain of the boletus edulis into the treated culture medium, and culturing in a dark place to obtain hyphae of the boletus edulis; the method comprises the following steps: covering the surfaces of boletus edulis hyphae with rice field soil, controlling the temperature, humidity and illumination culture, then adjusting the temperature and humidity, and continuously culturing for 5-7 days to obtain the boletus edulis with high nutrition conversion rate. According to the planting method, the nutritional ingredients in the boletus edulis are effectively increased, the production cost of the boletus edulis is reduced, the strain culture time is shortened, the hybrid resistance is high, and the nutrition conversion rate is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fungal cultivation technology, specifically to a method for cultivating Boletus edulis with a high nutrient conversion rate. Background Technology

[0002] Boletus edulis is a precious edible fungus belonging to the Boletaceae family. Its cap is yellowish-brown to brown, its stem is reddish-brown, and its flesh is pale yellow. When injured, it oxidizes and turns indigo blue within 3 seconds. It possesses medicinal properties such as clearing heat and relieving irritability, nourishing blood and harmonizing the stomach, and aiding digestion. Native to tropical and subtropical regions, it is found in China only in rubber forests or mixed pine and oak forests in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Hainan, and Hong Kong. Wild resources are extremely scarce. While artificial cultivation of Boletus edulis exists, the low nutrient conversion efficiency of artificially cultivated fungi results in low levels of protein, polysaccharides, and other nutrients, failing to meet human needs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method for cultivating Boletus edulis with a high nutrient conversion rate, thereby increasing the nutrient content of Boletus edulis.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a method for cultivating Boletus edulis with a high nutrient conversion rate, comprising the following steps: S1. Ferment sugarcane bagasse using compound microbial agents to obtain fermented sugarcane bagasse; S2. Mix the crushed fermented sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus wood chips with soybean powder, oat powder and lime powder evenly, then add water and stir to make the moisture content reach 50-55% to obtain the cultivation substrate. S3. The cultivation substrate is bagged, sterilized, and cooled to obtain the treated cultivation substrate; S4. Inoculate the liquid spawn of Boletus edulis into the treated cultivation substrate and culture in the dark for 40-50 days to obtain Boletus edulis mycelium. S5. Cover the surface of the Boletus mycelium with 2-3cm of paddy soil, control the temperature and humidity, and cultivate under light for 10-15 days. Then adjust the temperature and humidity and continue to cultivate for 5-7 days to obtain Boletus with high nutrient conversion rate.

[0005] Furthermore, the compound microbial agent consists of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungi, and Trichoderma viride, in a volume ratio of 3-4:2-3:1-2.

[0006] Furthermore, the fermentation conditions are: temperature 30-40℃, humidity 70-80%, pH 5.0-6.0, and fermentation cycle 10-15 days.

[0007] Furthermore, the amount of each component of the cultivation substrate is as follows: sugarcane bagasse 20-25 wt%, soybean flour 10-15 wt%, oat flour 1-5 wt%, lime powder 0.5-1.5 wt%, and the remainder is eucalyptus wood chips.

[0008] Furthermore, the crushing process involves crushing the fermented sugarcane bagasse to a particle size of 1-3 mm and the eucalyptus wood chips to a particle size of 0.5-1 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the light-protected culture is conducted under the following conditions: temperature 20-25℃ and humidity 80-85℃.

[0010] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity are controlled at 16-20℃ and 80-85℃.

[0011] Furthermore, the light cultivation involves irradiating the plant with diffused light for 8-12 hours daily, with red light (640-680nm) accounting for 45-50% and blue light (430-470nm) accounting for 30-35%, at a light intensity of 500-800 lux.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity are adjusted to 25-28℃ and 85-90% respectively.

[0013] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application provides a method for cultivating Boletus edulis with high nutrient conversion rate. The sugarcane bagasse used is rich in vitamins, semi-vitamins, and lignin. After fermentation, the lignin-cellulose structure is broken down, increasing the lignin degradation rate and cellulose utilization, providing an easily accessible carbon source for mycelial growth. A suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio is achieved by mixing sugarcane bagasse with eucalyptus wood chips and soybean flour, promoting mycelial growth, improving the nutrient conversion rate of Boletus edulis, and increasing nutrient content. Its loose, porous structure promotes oxygen permeation, and the high water retention capacity of the sugarcane bagasse, combined with eucalyptus wood chips, helps retain water, maintaining mycelial growth vitality and the necessary moisture. Sugarcane bagasse, being slightly acidic, is neutralized to neutral by lime powder, creating a suitable growth environment for mycelium. Eucalyptus sawdust contains potassium, which promotes stipe enlargement and increases fruiting rate. Eucalyptus sawdust has high moisture content, is porous and tough, has strong water absorption, is easily decomposed, and is rich in carbon and nitrogen nutrients, which is beneficial for mycelial penetration and growth, shortening the growth cycle. High-temperature sterilization of eucalyptus sawdust destroys its lignin-cellulose structure, increasing the degradation rate of lignin and cellulose and improving utilization efficiency. High-temperature sterilization causes the volatilization of eucalyptus aromatic oils, which does not affect mycelial growth and maturation, and also enhances resistance to contaminating microorganisms, synergistically inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms with lime powder. This product inhibits the growth of unwanted microorganisms, improves pest and disease control, promotes mycelial growth, and increases the nutrient conversion rate of *Boletus edulis*. Soybean flour contains crude protein and free amino acids, providing a key nitrogen source for mycelial growth. The soybean phospholipids in soybean flour enhance mycelial resistance. The combination of soybean flour and oat flour avoids excessive mycelial growth caused by a single nitrogen source. Combined with sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus sawdust, it provides a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio for *Boletus edulis* growth. Oat flour contains β-glucan and B vitamins, promoting mycelial network development. Its porous structure can absorb moisture, maintaining substrate moisture content, and forming a complementary nutrient structure with soybean flour. Oat flour produces… The coumarin-like substances in this product can induce primordia differentiation and improve the uniformity of fruiting. Oat flour is loaded with zinc and selenium, while lime powder provides calcium. Both transport trace elements through the mycelial network, forming a trace element network. Lime powder neutralizes the acidity of sugarcane bagasse, creating a suitable growth environment for mycelium. It also works synergistically with eucalyptus wood chips to inhibit pathogens, reduce contamination rates, and improve mycelial purity. Furthermore, it provides calcium, promoting stipe calcification and reducing transport damage. The method used in this application precisely controls the growth of *Boletus edulis* at different stages by regulating temperature, humidity, and light. Through the complementary functions of the raw materials, it achieves high yield and improved quality of *Boletus edulis*. The cultivation method of this application effectively improves the nutrient composition of the culture medium, reduces the production cost of *Boletus edulis*, shortens the culture time, promotes mycelial growth, and exhibits strong resistance to contamination and high bioconversion rate. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 Images of Boletus edulis mycelium under different conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The materials involved in the specific embodiments of this application include sugarcane bagasse with an average particle size of 2 mm, eucalyptus wood chips with an average particle size of 1 mm, 15cm×35cm polypropylene bags for bagging, Aspergillus niger selected from Henan Provincial Industrial Microbial Strain Engineering Technology Research Center (No. BNCC384190), white rot fungus selected from Henan Provincial Industrial Microbial Strain Engineering Technology Research Center (No. BNCC336258), and Trichoderma viride selected from Henan Provincial Industrial Microbial Strain Engineering Technology Research Center (No. BNCC336558).

[0018] Example 1 A method for cultivating Boletus edulis with high nutrient conversion rate includes the following steps: S1. Sugarcane bagasse was fermented using a compound inoculant of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride at 35℃, 75% humidity and pH 5.0 (volume ratio of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride is 3:2:1, total inoculum is 6%) for 12 days to obtain fermented sugarcane bagasse. S2. Mix 20wt% fermented sugarcane bagasse and 68.5wt% eucalyptus wood chips with 10wt% soybean flour, 1wt% oat flour and 0.5wt% lime powder evenly, then add water and stir to make the moisture content reach 52% to obtain the cultivation substrate. S3. Pack the cultivation substrate into bags, each bag weighing an average of 1.5 kg, and then autoclave (temperature 121℃, time 90 min). After that, cool to 30℃ to obtain the treated cultivation substrate. S4. Inoculate the liquid spawn of Boletus edulis into the treated cultivation substrate at an 8% inoculation rate on a sterile operating table. Incubate in the dark for 45 days (temperature 25℃, humidity 85%) to obtain Boletus edulis mycelium. Sterilize the inoculation knife with a 75% alcohol cotton ball 3cm from the side wall of the bag, cut into the substrate layer at an 18° angle, and cut a 1×1×1cm substrate block containing mycelium. Place it in a sterilized petri dish and incubate in the dark at 25℃ and 85% humidity for 2 days. Observe the mycelial growth. S5. Cover the surface of the Boletus mycelium with 3cm of paddy soil, control the temperature at 16℃ and humidity at 82%, and cultivate under light for 13 days (12 hours of diffused light per day, with 45% red light at 650nm and 30% blue light at 450nm in the diffused light, and a light intensity of 500 lux). Then adjust the temperature to 26℃ and humidity at 88% and continue to cultivate for 7 days to obtain Boletus with high nutrient conversion rate.

[0019] Example 2 A method for cultivating Boletus edulis with high nutrient conversion rate includes the following steps: S1. Sugarcane bagasse was fermented using a compound inoculant of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride at 35℃, 75% humidity and pH 5.0 (volume ratio of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride is 3:2:1, total inoculum is 6%) for 12 days to obtain fermented sugarcane bagasse. S2. Mix 23wt% fermented sugarcane bagasse and 61wt% eucalyptus wood chips with 12wt% soybean flour, 3wt% oat flour and 1wt% lime powder evenly, then add water and stir to make the moisture content reach 52% to obtain the cultivation substrate. S3. Pack the cultivation substrate into bags, each bag weighing an average of 1.5 kg, and then autoclave (temperature 121℃, time 90 min). After that, cool to 30℃ to obtain the treated cultivation substrate. S4. Inoculate the liquid spawn of Boletus edulis into the treated cultivation substrate at an inoculation rate of 8% on a sterile operating table. Incubate in the dark for 45 days (temperature 22℃, humidity 80%) to obtain Boletus edulis mycelium. Sterilize the inoculation knife with a 75% alcohol cotton ball 3cm from the side wall of the bag, cut into the substrate layer at an 18° angle, and cut a 1×1×1cm substrate block containing mycelium. Place it in a sterilized petri dish and incubate in the dark at 22℃ and 80% humidity for 2 days. Observe the mycelial growth. S5. Cover the surface of the Boletus mycelium with 3cm of paddy soil, control the temperature at 18℃ and humidity at 85%, and cultivate under light for 13 days (12 hours of diffused light per day, with 45% red light at 650nm and 30% blue light at 450nm in the diffused light, and a light intensity of 500 lux). Then adjust the temperature to 26℃ and humidity at 88% and continue to cultivate for 7 days to obtain Boletus with high nutrient conversion rate.

[0020] Example 3 A method for cultivating Boletus edulis with high nutrient conversion rate includes the following steps: S1. Sugarcane bagasse was fermented using a compound inoculant of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride at 35℃, 75% humidity and pH 5.0 (volume ratio of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride is 3:2:1, total inoculum is 6%) for 12 days to obtain fermented sugarcane bagasse. S2. Mix 25wt% fermented sugarcane bagasse and 53.5wt% eucalyptus wood chips with 15wt% soybean flour, 5wt% oat flour and 1.5wt% lime powder evenly, then add water and stir to make the moisture content reach 52% to obtain the cultivation substrate. S3. Pack the cultivation substrate into bags, each bag weighing an average of 1.5 kg, and then autoclave (temperature 121℃, time 90 min). After that, cool to 30℃ to obtain the treated cultivation substrate. S4. Inoculate the liquid spawn of Boletus edulis into the treated cultivation substrate at an inoculation rate of 8% on a sterile operating table. Incubate in the dark for 45 days (temperature 22℃, humidity 80%) to obtain Boletus edulis mycelium. Sterilize the inoculation knife with a 75% alcohol cotton ball 3cm from the side wall of the bag, cut into the substrate layer at an 18° angle, and cut a 1×1×1cm substrate block containing mycelium. Place it in a sterilized petri dish and incubate in the dark at 22℃ and 80% humidity for 2 days. Observe the mycelial growth. S5. Cover the surface of the Boletus mycelium with 3cm of paddy soil, control the temperature at 18℃ and humidity at 85%, and cultivate under light for 13 days (12 hours of diffused light per day, with 45% red light at 650nm and 30% blue light at 450nm in the diffused light, and a light intensity of 500 lux). Then adjust the temperature to 26℃ and humidity at 88% and continue to cultivate for 7 days to obtain Boletus with high nutrient conversion rate.

[0021] Compare with Example 1 Compared with Example 2, this comparative example uses rice wood chips instead of eucalyptus wood chips.

[0022] Compare with Example 2 Compared with Example 2, this comparative example uses cottonseed hulls instead of sugarcane bagasse.

[0023] Compare with Example 3 A method for cultivating Boletus edulis with high nutrient conversion rate includes the following steps: S1. Sugarcane bagasse was fermented using a compound inoculant of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride at 35℃, 75% humidity and pH 5.0 (volume ratio of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride is 3:2:1, total inoculum is 6%) for 12 days to obtain fermented sugarcane bagasse. S2. Mix 23wt% fermented sugarcane bagasse and 61wt% eucalyptus wood chips with 12wt% soybean flour, 3wt% oat flour and 1wt% lime powder evenly, then add water and stir to make the moisture content reach 52% to obtain the cultivation substrate. S3. Pack the cultivation substrate into bags, each bag weighing an average of 1.5 kg, and then autoclave (temperature 121℃, time 90 min). After that, cool to 30℃ to obtain the treated cultivation substrate. S4. Inoculate the liquid spawn of Boletus edulis into the treated cultivation substrate at an inoculation rate of 8% on a sterile operating table. Incubate in the dark for 45 days (temperature 22℃, humidity 80%) to obtain Boletus edulis mycelium. Sterilize the inoculation knife with a 75% alcohol cotton ball 3cm from the side wall of the bag, cut into the substrate layer at an 18° angle, and cut a 1×1×1cm substrate block containing mycelium. Place it in a sterilized petri dish and incubate in the dark at 22℃ and 80% humidity for 2 days. Observe the mycelial growth. S5. Cover the surface of the Boletus mycelium with 3cm of paddy soil, control the temperature at 18℃ and humidity at 85%, and cultivate under light for 13 days (12 hours of diffused light per day, light intensity 500 lux). Then adjust the temperature to 26℃ and humidity to 88% and continue to cultivate for 7 days to obtain Boletus with high nutrient conversion rate.

[0024] Compare with Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the sugarcane bagasse is not fermented.

[0025] Performance testing The nutritional components of *Boletus edulis* cultured in Examples 1-3 and Control Examples 1-3 were analyzed. The Kjeldahl method was used to determine the crude protein content in 100g of dried *Boletus edulis*, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was used to determine the polysaccharide content, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the ergothioneine content. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1

[0027] As shown in Table 1, the *Boletus edulis* cultured in this application has high crude protein content, high polysaccharide content, and high ergothioneine content, indicating that the *Boletus edulis* cultured in this application has high nutritional value. In Control Example 1, compared to Example 2, rice sawdust was used instead of eucalyptus sawdust. The test results showed that the nutritional content of the *Boletus edulis* cultured in Control Example 1 was lower than that in Example 2. Figure 1 The *Boletus edulis* mycelial growth in Example 2 was better than in Control Example 1, indicating that rice silage sawdust cannot replace eucalyptus sawdust. Replacing eucalyptus sawdust with rice silage sawdust leads to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the cultivation substrate and lacks antibacterial effect, resulting in a weak overall resistance to contaminating bacteria in the cultivation substrate, which is detrimental to mycelial growth. Eucalyptus sawdust has antibacterial ability and is rich in carbon and nitrogen nutrients. It synergistically provides carbon and nitrogen sources with sugarcane bagasse and soybean flour, and synergistically resists contaminating bacteria with lime powder, improving purity and growth efficiency. Compared with Example 2, Control Example 2 used cottonseed hulls instead of sugarcane bagasse. The test results showed that the nutrient content of Control Example 2 was lower than that of Example 2. Figure 1The mycelial growth of *Boletus edulis* in Example 2 was much better than that in Control Example 2, indicating that cottonseed hulls cannot replace sugarcane bagasse. Replacing sugarcane bagasse with cottonseed hulls leads to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio, making it impossible to achieve a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio when combined with eucalyptus wood chips and soybean meal. Furthermore, cottonseed hulls are inherently alkaline, and when combined with lime powder, the resulting cultivation substrate becomes excessively alkaline, inhibiting mycelial growth. Control Example 3, compared to Example 2, changed the planting conditions without adjusting the amount of red and blue light, such as... Figure 1 The mycelial growth of *Boletus edulis* in Example 2 was much better than that in Control Example 3. The test results showed that the crude protein content, polysaccharide content, and ergothioneine content were all lower than in Example 2, indicating that special light conditions can increase the nutrient content of *Boletus edulis*. Control Example 4, unlike Example 2, did not involve fermentation of sugarcane bagasse. Figure 1 The mycelial growth of *Boletus edulis* in Example 2 was much better than that in Control Example 4. The test results showed that the nutrient content of *Boletus edulis* was not as high as that in Example 2, indicating that the effect of using sugarcane bagasse directly was not as good as that of fermented sugarcane bagasse. The utilization rate of cellulose and lignin of sugarcane bagasse was low and the nutrient conversion efficiency was low when sugarcane bagasse was used directly.

[0028] In summary, the Boletus edulis cultivated using the method of this application has a high nutrient content, indicating that the cultivation method of this application has a high nutrient conversion rate. In particular, the Boletus edulis cultivated in Example 2 has the highest nutrient content, and Example 2 is the best embodiment of this application.

[0029] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the concept of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the inventive concept or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A high nutrient conversion rate Suillus bovinus cultivation method, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, fermenting sugarcane residue by using a composite microbial agent to obtain fermented sugarcane residue; S2, mixing the crushed fermented sugarcane residue and eucalyptus wood chips with soybean powder, oat powder and lime powder uniformly, then adding water to stir to make the water content reach 50-55%, to obtain a cultivation substrate; S3, bagging, sterilizing and cooling the cultivation substrate to obtain a treated cultivation substrate; S4, inoculating the liquid boletus liquid strain into the treated cultivation substrate, and culturing in the dark for 40-50 days to obtain boletus mycelium; S5, covering the boletus mycelium with 2-3 cm of paddy field soil, controlling the temperature and humidity, and culturing under light for 10-15 days, then adjusting the temperature and humidity to continue culturing for 5-7 days to obtain boletus with high nutrient conversion rate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high nutrient conversion rate of the bolete cultivation method is characterized by, The composite microbial agent is composed of Aspergillus niger, white rot fungus and Trichoderma viride, and the volume ratio of the three is 3-4:2-3:1-2.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the high nutrient conversion rate of the bolete cultivation method is characterized by, The use amount of each component of the cultivation substrate is as follows: the use amount of sugarcane residue is 20-25wt%, the use amount of soybean powder is 10-15wt%, the use amount of oat powder is 1-5wt%, the use amount of lime powder is 0.5-1.5wt%, and the rest is eucalyptus wood chips.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the high nutrient conversion rate of the bolete cultivation method is characterized by, The crushing is to crush the fermented sugarcane residue to a particle size of 1-3mm and the eucalyptus wood chips to a particle size of 0.5-1mm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the high nutrient conversion rate of the bolete cultivation method is characterized by, The light-free culture is carried out at a temperature of 20-25℃ and a humidity of 80-85℃.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the high nutrient conversion rate of the bolete cultivation method is characterized by, The temperature and humidity are controlled at 16-20℃ and 80-85%, respectively.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the high nutrient conversion rate of the bolete cultivation method is characterized by, The light culture is carried out by using scattered light with 8-12 hours of light per day, wherein the red light 640-680nm accounts for 45-50% and the blue light 430-470nm accounts for 30-35% in the scattered light, and the light intensity is 500-800lux.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the high nutrient conversion rate of bovine liver is characterized by, The temperature and humidity are adjusted to 25-28℃ and 85-90%, respectively.

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