Product of manufacture and method for treating, ameliorating or preventing microbial infections

Abstract

In alternative embodiments, manufactured products are provided that are made or manufactured as medical devices, such as inhalers, ionizers, asthma "blower-type" devices, nebulizers or nasal spray devices, respirators or respirators, warm air or hot air delivery devices, and / or CPAP (continuous positive air pressure) devices or equivalents, a drug delivery system for delivering a drug or one or combination of drugs, and optionally also warm or hot air, and optionally also ionized air. The manufactured product is used for treating, preventing and improving microbial infection, slowing down the progress of microbial infection, reducing the severity of microbial infection or preventing microbial infection. In alternative embodiments, a manufactured product as provided herein administers a combination or mixture of one or more drugs by inhalation, for example by using an aerosol, aerosol, liquid or powder formulation for inhalation.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the application filed on April 23, 2021, with application number 2021800418097, entitled "Manufacturing product and method for treating, improving or preventing microbial infection". Technical Field

[0002] This invention generally relates to infectious respiratory diseases and medical devices. In alternative embodiments, manufactured products are provided that are made or manufactured as medical devices, such as inhalers, asthma "blowing" devices, ionizers, nebulizers or nasal spray devices, respirators or ventilators, warm or hot air delivery devices and / or CPAP (continuous positive pressure) devices (e.g., for managing or treating sleep apnea) or equivalents, for delivering one or a combination of medicines or drugs, and optionally also delivering warm or hot air, and / or ionized air. The manufactured products are intended to treat, prevent, improve, slow the progression of, reduce the severity of, or prevent microbial infections, such as bacterial and viral infections, including common respiratory viruses such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus, coronavirus infection or COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV infection, or viruses of the Orthocoronavirus subfamily, or Coronaviridae family, or Nidovirales order. In alternative embodiments, the manufactured products provided herein are administered by inhalation, for example by using a combination or mixture of one or more drugs through inhalation, such as by using an aerosol, nebulizer, liquid or powder formulation for inhalation. Background Technology

[0003] Coronavirus infections have previously caused SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and are particularly difficult to treat with antiviral agents. No single-drug regimens have been found to be effective against the current coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV). Coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) has spread rapidly around the world and has claimed hundreds of lives. Known antiviral agents used alone cannot cure the infection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In alternative implementations, manufactured products made or manufactured as medical devices, such as inhalers, asthma “blowing” devices, ionizers, nebulizers, nasal spray devices, respirators or ventilators, warm or hot air delivery devices and / or CPAP (continuous positive pressure) devices (e.g., for managing or treating sleep apnea) or equivalents, are provided for delivering one or a combination of medicines or drugs.

[0005] In alternative implementations, the inhaler, asthma "blowing" device, nebulizer, or nasal spray device or equivalent is a handheld device or other form of portable device.

[0006] In an alternative implementation, the device is metering (for drug or pharmaceutical administration) or has a dose-counting inhalation or aerosol mechanism for drugs or pharmaceuticals.

[0007] In alternative embodiments, the medical device may also include a box, pouch, interchangeable tray (e.g., for containing powder), or reservoir (optionally refillable reservoir) in or on the manufactured product, or a removable box or pouch, interchangeable tray (e.g., for containing one or more powders) insertable into a slot or port on the manufactured product, or a separate reservoir or container operatively coupled or engaged to the manufactured product, which contains a drug or pharmaceutical product.

[0008] In alternative implementations, manufactured products such as those provided herein, such as medical devices, ventilators or respirators, CPAP machines, inhalers, asthma "blowing" devices, nebulizers or nasal spray devices, or equivalents: - Designed, manufactured, or configured for delivering at least one powder (e.g., lyophilized powder) or liquid aerosol or mist. Optionally, the box, packet, or interchangeable tray (e.g., for containing powder) includes an adjustable value for regulating or controlling the amount of medicine or drug delivered to the user of the medical device. The manufactured product (e.g., a medical device) includes at least one air filter, optionally a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or a high-efficiency particulate absorber and high-efficiency particulate trap air filter or an air filter capable of filtering out airborne viruses, or The manufactured product (e.g., a medical device) also includes an air ionizer (e.g., a technical ionizer or a bio-ionizer), or a device capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, and such air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions is operatively connected to the manufactured product (e.g., the medical device provided herein, such as a ventilator or respirator, CPAP, inhaler, asthma "blowing" device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent) such that ionized air or air containing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions is delivered to the patient, optionally as a forced air or positive pressure airflow, to the user's nose and / or mouth, and optionally to the trachea, bronchi or lungs, and optionally the air ionizer or device capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions is connected to the inhalation port of a respirator such as that provided herein.

[0009] In alternative embodiments, a manufactured product is provided that is made or manufactured to deliver hot or warm air to a patient, optionally as a forced air or positive pressure airflow, reaching or entering the user's nose and / or mouth, and optionally reaching the trachea, bronchi, or lungs. Optionally, the medical device is made or manufactured as a handheld device, and optionally, the medical device is made or manufactured as a ventilator or respirator, a CPAP (continuous positive pressure) device (optionally for managing or treating sleep apnea), an inhaler, an asthma inhaler, or a nebulizer. Optionally, the manufactured product delivers forced air or positive pressure airflow, or warm air or hot air, or steam or steam, or room temperature air directly to the user's mouth and / or nose, and optionally, the forced air or positive pressure airflow and / or room temperature air, hot air or warm air is delivered or permeates through the nose into the sinuses and turbinates, descends along the trachea, and enters the main bronchi and bronchioles. Optionally, the manufactured product includes controls or dials for setting or adjusting the temperature or heat of the air and / or adjusting the force and volume of air delivered to the user's nose and / or mouth, and / or bronchi and lungs. Optionally, the manufactured product is battery powered. Optionally, the manufactured product includes a mouthpiece or mask (optionally disposable) to mount or place the device over the mouth and / or nose for forced air delivery, and optionally, the mouthpiece or mask can be mounted over the nose and / or mouth for simultaneously delivering air to or into the nose and mouth. Optionally, the manufactured product includes refillable, replaceable, and / or disposable cassettes, packets, interchangeable trays (e.g., for containing powder) or drug-containing modules disposed on or within the medical device, or removable cassettes or packets, interchangeable trays (e.g., for containing powder) insertable into slots or ports on the manufactured product, or separate reservoirs or containers operatively coupled or engaged to the manufactured product. Optionally, the refillable, replaceable, and / or disposable cassettes, packets, interchangeable trays (e.g., for containing powder) or drug-containing modules include drugs or pharmaceuticals, and optionally, the drugs or pharmaceuticals include formulations or drug combinations as provided herein. Optionally, the medicine or pharmaceutical product includes asthma or antimicrobial (e.g., antiviral, antibacterial, or antifungal) drugs, or antibiotics or pharmaceutical products (optionally gentamicin, lincomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin, or others), biofilm dissolving agents (optionally PULMOZYME™), anticholinergics (optionally tiotropium bromide or SPIRIVA™), bronchodilators, steroids, corticosteroids, leukotriene-resistant or asthma drugs (optionally formoterol, salbutamol, albuterol, or VENTOLIN™), antifungal agents, itraconazole (e.g., SPORANOX™, SPORAZ™, ORUNGAL™), anti-inflammatory agents, or any formulation or combination of drugs as provided herein. Optionally, the antibacterial antibiotic comprises an antimycobacterial drug, and optionally, the antimycobacterial drug comprises clofazimine (optionally, LAMPRENE™), optionally administered at a dose of about 100 mg daily, or about 50 mg and 150 mg daily, and optionally also comprises colchicine. And optionally clofazimine or LAMPENE™, optionally administered at a dose of about 100 mg or between about 50 mg and 150 mg daily, and chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), optionally also containing zinc (optionally zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc pyridinecarboxylate, or zinc oxide nanoparticles, optionally at a dose of about 1 mg to 250 mg or about 50 mg daily), and optionally also containing colchicine; Optionally, the manufactured product includes at least one air filter, optionally a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or a high-efficiency particulate absorber and high-efficiency particulate trap air filter or an air filter capable of filtering out airborne viruses.

[0010] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein may comprise and deliver (e.g., as a mist, aerosol, or powder) a therapeutic combination, pharmaceutical dosage form, drug delivery device, or manufactured product comprising one or any combination of the following: (a) Opaganib or YELIVA™; or Opaganib or YELIVA™ and oral and / or inhaled or aerosol chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™); or Opaganib, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), Optionally, each or two of the following are present in or formulated as a formulation for inhalation, such as a chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and / or azithromycin: Optionally, the opaganide is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to 600 mg per day or per dose, or at a dose of about 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg or 600 mg per day or per dose, in a QD (once daily), BID (twice daily) or TID (three times daily) dosage. (b) Avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, Stromectol™, Soolantra™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, optionally administered and / or applied at a dose of about 5 micrograms / kg to about 1 gram (g) daily, optionally at doses of about 1 mg to 10 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, or 50 mg daily. 60 mg, 70 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 120 mg, 140 mg, 160 mg, 180 mg, 200 mg, 220 mg or 240 mg, or about 1 mg to 240 mg daily, or about 3 mg to 240 mg daily, may be prepared or administered. Optionally formulated or administered with antibiotics (optionally azithromycin, minocycline, amoxicillin, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, hydroxychloroquine, or doxycycline, and optionally, doxycycline at a dose of about 25 to 600 mg per dose or daily, or about 100 mg per dose or daily, and optionally, azithromycin at a dose of about 50 mg to 2000 mg per dose or daily), optionally as a single dose or divided dose, and optionally formulated and administered as an inhaler or nebulizer (optionally using a nebulizer, nasal spray, or equivalent), optionally formulated as an aerosol, spray, nebulizer, liquid, or powder. Optionally, avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, may be formulated and / or administered with chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) in the presence or absence of zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc picolinate), and optionally, this combination may be administered weekly, every two weeks, or every 5 to 28 days as preventative treatment. Optionally, avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, are administered alone in the morning (AM), and antibiotics (optionally, doxycycline) and / or chloroquine (optionally, ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) are administered in the afternoon and / or evening. Optionally, avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavapendazole (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, may be administered alone for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or up to 20 days or more, followed by continued administration of an antibiotic (optionally, doxycycline) for the corresponding period of time, and optionally repeated. Optionally, ivermectin drugs such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavoxetine (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin may be formulated or administered with the following: (i) at least one antibiotic (wherein optionally, the antibiotic is doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) (optionally formulated or administered in a dose of about 25 mg to 600 mg per dose or daily), or azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally administered in a dose of about 50 mg to about 2000 mg per dose or daily, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) (optionally formulated or administered in a dose of about 50 mg to 2000 mg); (ii) Chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) (optionally prepared or administered in doses of about 10 mg to 2000 mg per day); (iii) Zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc pyridinecarboxylate), optionally prepared or administered in doses from about 1 mg to 250 mg; and / or (iv) At least one vitamin, and optionally, said at least one vitamin includes: vitamin C, optionally formulated or administered in doses of about 500 units (U) to 5000 units per dose, and / or vitamin D (or cholecalciferol), optionally formulated or administered in doses of about 3,000 units to 100,000 units per day or about 10,000 units to 50,000 units per day. And optionally, avermectin drugs such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavoxine (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, alone or in combination with any of the above (i) to (iv) are administered or formulated (e.g., at least one antibiotic, chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), zinc, and / or at least one vitamin as an oral formulation (e.g., as a tablet, capsule, gel, or gel-coated tablet), injectable formulation, powder (e.g., for inhalation or for addition to ingestible fluids), or liquid (e.g., for ingestion, infusion, or injection) are formulated (and administered); (c) Lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally NORVIR™), and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); (d) Lopinavir in combination with ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), or KALETRA™, ALTEA™, ALUVIA™, KALMELTREX or LOPIMUNE™, and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™), and optionally lopinavir, ritonavir and / or zanamivir alone; (e) Lopinavir, KALETRA™, ALTRA™, ALUVIA™, KALMELTREX, LOPIMUNE™, or lopinavir and ritonavir, and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™), and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™), optionally, inhaled or aerosol formulations or forms of chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), and / or concurrent oral chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™); (f) Lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), chloroquine and oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); wherein, optionally, the chloroquine comprises inhaled or aerosol chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and / or concurrent oral chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™); (g) Lopinavir and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); (h) Ritonavir (optionally NORVIR™) and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); (i) remdesivir alone (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), or oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), and optionally, said remdesivir and / or oseltamivir is an oral formulation and / or an inhaled or aerosol remdesivir or oseltamivir formulation; (j) Oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and efavirenz (e.g., SUSTIVA™), and / or zanamivir (RELENZ™); (k) Oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and nevirapine (or alternatively, SUSTIVA™) with emtricitabine and tenofovir (optionally, tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir dessoproxil or VIREAD™), or ATRIPLA™); (l) Oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™) and ampranavir (e.g., AGENERASE™); (m) Oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and nelfinavir (e.g., VIRACEPT™); or (n) A thiazolium drug, optionally nitrozonide (or ALINIA™ or NIZONIDE™) or tizoxanide (or 2-hydroxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide), in combination with any one of (a) to (i) or a thiazolium drug (e.g., nitrozonide or tizoxanide) and oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™); (o) Plitidepsin (also known as dehydrodidemnin B) or APLIDIN™ (PharmaMar, SA); (p) Inhibit the modulator or S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), or dioscin, or niclosamide, or NICLOCIDE™, FENASAL™ or PHENASAL™; (q) Ribavirin or triazole nucleoside (or COPEGUS™, REBETOL™ or VIRAZOLE™), interferon β1b, or a combination of ribavirin and interferon β, or a combination of lopinavir and ritonavir (optionally NORVIR™) and interferon-β-1b. (r) Abacavir, acyclovir (e.g., ACICLOVIR™), adefovir, amantadine, ampligen, amprenavir (e.g., AGENERASE™), aprepitant, arbidol, atazanavir, tenofovir, efavirenz, and combinations of emtricitabine and tenofovir (or ATRIPLA™), balavir, baloxavir marboxil. (XOFLUZA™), bepotastine (or TALION™, BEPREVE™), bevirimat, bictegravir, biktarvy, brilacidin, cidofovir, caspofungin, lamivudine, and zidovudine (e.g., COMBVIR™), cobicstat, colisitin, cocaine, darunavir, delavirdine, descovy, didanosine, docosanol, dolutegravir, ecoliever, edoxudine, efavirenz (optionally SUSTIVA™), elvitegravir, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, entecavir Epirubicin, epoprostenol, etravirine, famciclovir, fomivirsen, fosamprenavi, foscarnet, fosfonet, ibacitabine, icatibant, idoxuridine, ifenprodil, imiquimod, imunovir, indinavir, inosine, interferon (optional)Interferon type I, interferon type II and / or interferon type III), lamivudine, lopinavir, loviride, ledipasvir, leronlimab, maraviroc, methisazone, molnupiravir, moroxydine, nelfinavir (or VIRACEPT™), nevirapine, nexavir, nitrozonide, norvir, nucleoside analogs (optionally, brincidofovir, didanosine, didanosine (also known as T-705, avigan or favipiravir, Toyama Chemical, Fujifilm, Japan), vidarabine, galixibine (e.g., BCX4430, IMMUCILLIN-A™, Remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), cytarabine, gemcitabine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, abacavir, acyclovir, entecavir, stavudine, telbivudine, idoxuridine and / or trifluridine, or any combination thereof), oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™), pegylated interferon alpha-2a, penciclovir, peramivir. (e.g., RAPIVAB™), perfenazine, pleconaril, plurifloxacin, podophyllotoxin, pyramidine, raltegravir, rifampicin, ribavirin or triazole nucleoside (or COPEGUS™, REBETOL™, or VIRAZOLE™), rifampicin, rimantadine, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), saquinavirin, sofosbuvir (optionally,SOFORAL™, SOLVALDI™, stavudine, telaprevir, tegobuvir, tenofovir (optionally, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or VIREAD™), titranavir, trifluuridine, titranavir, triflurane, truvada, valacyclovir. (e.g., VALTREX™), valganciclovir (truvada), valrubicin, vapreotide, vicriviroc, vidarabine, veramidine (vicriviroc), velpatasvir (vicriviroc), vivecon, zalcitabine, zanamivir (e.g., RELENZA™), zidovudine, immunosuppressive drugs (optionally, tocilizumab (vivecon) or atlizumab, or ACTEMRA™, or ROACTEMRA™)) or any combination thereof; (s) Mucolytic therapy or medication, optionally acetylcysteine, ambroxol, bromhexine, carbocysteine, erdocysteine, mestan or alfa-chain enzyme, or expectorants, optionally guaifenesin. (t) a protease inhibitor formulation for a virus or coronavirus or COVID-19, optionally ASC09 (CAS Registry No. 1000287-05-7) (Janssen Research and Development, LLC), ritonavir (optionally NORVIR™) or ASC09 and ritonavir, or JAK1 / 2 inhibitor formulation (optionally baricitinib), optionally, compound 11r (University of Lübeck, Germany, see, for example, Zhang et al. J. Med Chem 2020, February 11, 2020), or drenavir, cobistat or drenavir and cobistat; (u) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitors, which optionally block sites of viral spike protein interaction to control SARS-CoV-2 infection; (v) Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (optionally VEGF-A) drugs or antibodies, optionally bevacizumab; (W) Protease inhibitor formulation, optionally danoprevir, optionally serine protease inhibitor formulation, optionally narlaprevir (optionally ARLANSA™), camostat or camostat mesilate (or FOIPAN™). (x) Anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, optionally camrelizumab; (y) A compound or antibody that can bind to complement factor C5 and block the formation of the membrane attack complex, optionally ekuzumab; (z) a cathepsin inhibitor modulator, optionally a cathepsin K, B or L inhibitor modulator, optionally relacatib; (aa) Thalidomide, or thalidomide and glucocorticoid (optionally, low-dose glucocorticoid), or thalidomide and celecoxib. (bb) Antibacterial antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics, or macrolide drugs. Optionally, the macrolide drug comprises azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), clarithromycin (e.g., BIAXIN™), erythromycin (e.g., ERYTHROCIN™), or fidaxomicin (e.g., DIFICID™ or DIFICLIR™), troleandomycin (e.g., TEKMISIN™), tylosin (e.g., TYLOCINE™ or TYLAN™), solitromycin (e.g., SOLITHERA™), or oleandomycin. (or SIGMAMYCINE™), midecamycin, roxithromycin, kitasamycin or turimycin, josamycin, carbomycin or magnamycin and / or spiramycin, and optionally, the macrolide antibiotics include avermectin drugs, such as ivermectin (optionally STROMECTOL™, SOOLANTRA™), moxifloxacin (optionally CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally milbemycin, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin or nemactin), doramectin (optionally DECTOMAX™), irinotecan or abamectin, optionally as a single dose or divided dose. And optionally, the macrolide drug, optionally azithromycin, is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to 200 mg daily, or about 25 mg to 100 mg three times daily (tid), or 50 mg tid. Optionally, the antibacterial antibiotic or the macrolide drug, optionally azithromycin, is formulated for normal release or is formulated as a delayed-release formulation. Optionally, the antibacterial antibiotic comprises a tetracycline, glycylcycline, or fluorocycline, or an analogue thereof, and optionally the tetracycline comprises one or more of the following: tetracycline, glycylcycline, or fluorocycline, or an analogue thereof, comprising or being: tetracycline or SUMYCIN™; chlortetracycline or AUREOMYCIN™; oxytetracycline; demeclocycline or DECLOMYCIN™, DECLOSTATIN™, LEDERMYCIN™, BIOTERCICLIN™, DEGANOL™, DETECLO™ DETRAVIS™, MECICLIN™, MEXOCINE™, CLORTETRIN™; lymecycline; meclocycline; metacycline; minocycline or MINOCIN™; rolitetracycline; doxycycline or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™; tigecycline or TYGACIL™; eravacycline or XERAVA™; sarecycline or SEYSARA™; omadacycline or NUZYRA™; or any combination thereof; (cc) chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), alone or together with (or formulated together) any of (a) to (aa) or in combination with oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™); (dd) Chloroquine, alone or in combination with the following (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™): (i) Avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™, SOOLANTRA™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, optionally at a dose of about 10 mg to 80 mg, or about 6 mg to 60 mg, or 12 mg to 60 mg, and / or (ii) Vitamin D, vitamin D2 (or ergocalciferol), vitamin D3 (or cholecalciferol) or calcidiol, optionally in doses of about 3,000 to 100,000 units per day, or about 10,000 to 50,000 units per day, or (iii) (i) and (ii) and zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc pyridinecarboxylate), optionally administered at a dose of about 75 mg / day to 100 mg / day, or optionally at a dose of about 1 mg to 250 mg, or (iv) (iii) and combinations of tetracycline drugs, wherein optionally, the tetracycline drugs include doxycycline, or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™, optionally at a dose of about 100 mg to 600 mg per day, optionally about 200 mg to 400 mg per day. (ee) Colchicine, or COLCRYS™, MITIGARE™; (ff) Corticosteroids, such as budesonide (optionally, RHINOCORT™ or PULMICORT™), prednisolone (or ORAPRED™), methyl-prednisolone, prednisone (or DELTASONE™ or ORASONE™), or hydrocortisone (or CORTEF™). Optionally, the corticosteroid (e.g., budesonide) is administered by inhalation, for example, in nebulized form, such as budesonide administered by inhalation at a dose of about 1 mg to 12 mg daily, or prednisolone administered orally at a dose of about 6 mg to 80 mg daily, or prednisone administered orally at a dose of about 6 mg to 100 mg daily, or hydrocortisone administered orally at a dose of about 30 mg to 400 mg daily. Optionally, the corticosteroid drug may be formulated as a powder or administered in an inhaler or via a nasal spray, or for rectal administration. Optionally, the corticosteroid (e.g., budesonide) is administered together with or in combination with 10 mg to 80 mg of an antibiotic (optionally, azithromycin or a tetracycline). Optionally, the corticosteroids (e.g., budesonide) and avermectins, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan or abamectin, antibiotics (optionally, azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally administered at a dose of about 50 mg to about 2000 mg per day, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) or tetracyclines, optionally doxycycline), zinc and / or vitamins (optionally, vitamin D, D2 (or ergocalciferol), D3) (or cholecalciferol or calcidiol), C, E, B12, B6) together or in combination; (gg) An antiandrogen drug, optionally bicalutamide, optionally CASODEX™, and optionally, the antiandrogen, optionally bicalutamide, is administered together or in combination with an avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin; (hh) Hydrocortisone or cortisol (optionally, CORTEF™, SOLUCORTEF™), optional hydrocortisone sodium succinate or hydrocortisone acetate or dexamethasone (optionally, DEXTENZA™, OZURDEX™, NEOFORDEX™). (ii) α-ketoamide, wherein optionally, the α-ketoamide has a structure as described in Zhang et al., J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, 9, 4562-4578 or Meng et al., Chem. Sci. (2019), Vol. 10, p. 5156 (optionally, structure KAM-2), and optionally, the α-ketoamide is formulated or administered as an inhaler, powder, or nebulizer, and optionally, is formulated or administered (optionally, as an inhaler) with: avermectin drugs, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slakine (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin, milbemycin, milbemycin) Benomycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin; doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin; antibiotics (optionally, azithromycin or tetracyclines, optionally doxycycline); chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™); zinc; remdesivir (optionally, GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences); oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™); and / or hydrocortisone; or any combination thereof; (jj) Avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavoxim (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, optionally administered and / or applied at a dose of about 5 micrograms / kg to about 1 gram (g) daily, optionally at a dose of about 1 mg to 10 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 120 mg, 140 mg, 160 mg, 180 mg, 200 mg, 220 mg, or 240 mg daily, or about 1 mg to 240 mg daily, or about 3 mg daily. Prepare or administer in doses from mg to 300 mg. Optionally formulated or administered with an antibiotic (optionally azithromycin, minocycline, amoxicillin, niclosamide, nizoxin, hydroxychloroquine, or doxycycline, and optionally, the doxycycline is in the form of about 25 mg to 600 mg per dose or daily, or about 100 mg per dose or daily, and optionally, the azithromycin is in the form of about 50 mg to 2000 mg per dose or daily), optionally as a single dose or divided dose, and optionally formulated and administered in the form of an inhaler or nebulizer (optionally using a nebulizer, nasal spray, or equivalent), optionally formulated as an aerosol, spray, nebulizer, liquid, or powder. Optionally, the avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, are formulated and / or administered together with chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) in the presence or absence of zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc picolinate), and optionally, this combination is administered weekly, every two weeks, or every 5 to 28 days as preventative treatment. Optionally, the avermectin drugs, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, are administered alone in the morning (AM), and antibiotics (optionally, doxycycline) and / or chloroquine (optionally, ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) are administered in the afternoon and / or evening. Optionally, the avermectin drugs, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, may be administered alone for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or up to 20 days or more, followed by continued administration of an antibiotic (optionally, doxycycline) for the corresponding period of time, and optionally repeated. Optionally, the avermectin drugs, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, are formulated or administered together with the following: (i) at least one antibiotic (wherein optionally, the antibiotic is doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) (optionally formulated or administered in a dose of about 25 mg to 500 mg), or azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) (optionally formulated or administered in a dose of about 50 mg to 2000 mg); (ii) Chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) (optionally prepared or administered in doses of about 10 mg to 2000 mg per day); (iii) Zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc pyridinecarboxylate), optionally administered or formulated at a dose of about 75 mg / day to 100 mg / day, or optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 1 mg to 250 mg; and / or (iv) At least one vitamin, and optionally, said at least one vitamin includes: vitamin C, optionally formulated or administered in doses of about 500 units (U) to 5000 units per dose, and / or vitamin D (or cholecalciferol), optionally formulated or administered in doses of about 3,000 units to 100,000 units per day or about 10,000 units to 50,000 units per day. Optionally, the avermectin drugs, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin, alone or in combination with any of the above (i) to (iv). Administration or formulation (e.g., at least one antibiotic, chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc pyridinecarboxylate) and / or at least one vitamin as an oral formulation (e.g. as a tablet, capsule, gel or gel-coated tablet), injectable formulation, powder (e.g. for inhalation or for addition to ingestible liquids) or liquid (e.g. for ingestion, infusion or injection) formulation (and administration); (kk) A compound, drug, or formulation that reduces gastric acid production or lowers gastric pH, wherein optionally, said compound, drug, or formulation comprises famotidine or PEPCID™, and optionally, famotidine is administered at a dose of about 10 mg to 60 mg daily, or about 20 mg to 40 mg daily, and optionally, famotidine is administered together with the following: Avermectin antibiotics, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavoxetine (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan or abamectin, and / or tetracycline antibiotics, and optionally, tetracycline antibiotics include doxycycline, or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™; (ll) Dendritic polymer, optionally, sodium astorium (Starpharma, Melbourne, Australia); (mm) Antihistamines, such as azelastine or ASTELIN™, OPTIVAR™, ALLERGODIL™, betosine (or TALION™, BEPREVE™), brompheniramine, fexofenadine or ALLEGRA™, pheniramine or AVIL™, or chlorpheniramine; (nn) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), optionally, fluvoxamine, or LUVOX™, FAVERIN™, FLUVOXIN™; (oo) a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, wherein optionally, the PPAR agonist comprises fenofibrate, or TRICOR™, FENOBRAT™, FENOGLIDE™, or LIPOFEN™; optionally, the PPAR agonist comprises a combination of fenofibrate and pravastatin, or PRAVAFENIX™; (pp) (a) to (oo) any one or more or all of them are combined with (or formulated with or in the form of) an inhalation or aerosol formulation, and / or are formulated with or in the form of an oral, intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) formulation, wherein optionally, the inhalation or aerosol and the oral, IV and / or IM formulation are administered simultaneously or sequentially. Optionally, the inhaled or aerosol formulation comprises chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and / or oral chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) administered simultaneously or in combination; or Any combination of (qq) (a) to (pp), optionally formulated with or further with at least one vitamin or mineral, wherein optionally the at least one vitamin or mineral includes vitamin K, vitamin C (optionally administered at 500 mg bid), vitamin D, vitamin B6 (or pyridoxine) and / or vitamin B12, or zinc (optionally zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc picolinate, optionally administered at about 50 mg / day to 200 mg / day or 100 mg / day), or optionally flavonoids, plant flavonols or quercetin, or melatonin, and / or avitadil (or INVICORP™) administered at about 250 mg to 500 mg bid, or Any combination of (rr) (a) to (qq), And optionally, any one, any combination or all of (a) to (rr) are formulated into an aerosol, a spray or a powder.

[0011] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a mist, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, including combinations of oseltamivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir. Optionally, the combination of oseltamivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir further includes chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Optionally, the combination of oseltamivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir further includes chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and opagnib. Optionally, the combination also includes chloroquine. Optionally, the combination also includes hydroxychloroquine. Optionally, the combination of oseltamivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir further includes zinc and bismuth.

[0012] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, including combinations of lopinavir, ritonavir, and chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Optionally, the combination of lopinavir, ritonavir, and chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine also includes remdesivir and interferon.

[0013] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, including: - Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine at an initial loading dose between approximately 250 mg, 300 mg, 350 mg, 300 mg, or 500 mg and 1.5 g, or between approximately 400 mg and 1 g. - Optionally, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine may be administered every 4 to 10 days, or every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days, or up to 20 days or more, at a lower total daily dose of about 50 gm to 200 mg, or about 100 mg, optionally for about one week to one month. Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine may be used in combination with the following: - Macrolide drugs, optionally azithromycin, and optionally, macrolide drugs are started with a loading dose, optionally, an oral, IV, or IM dose between about 400 mg and 500 mg and 1 g, or about 500 mg, optionally followed by a lower dose of about 100 gm to 300 mg, or about 250 mg of total daily dose, every 4 to 10 days, or every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days, or up to 20 days or more, optionally for about one week to one month, and / or - Opaganib, wherein optionally, opagnib is administered once, twice, or three times daily at a dose of about 100 to 600 mg per day or per dose, or at a dose of about 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg per day or per dose. Optionally, opaganide may also be administered or formulated with antibiotics (optionally, azithromycin or doxycycline), ivermectin (optionally, 12 mg ivermectin, optionally administered on days 1, 3, 6 and 8), hydroxychloroquine and / or zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, optionally at a dose of 50 mg daily), and / or lopinavir in combination with ritonavir.

[0014] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, including combinations of the following: (1) Hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) was administered as a loading dose of 400 bid (twice daily) on the first day, followed by 200 mg bid for the next nine or ten days; (2) Azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™) is administered as a loading dose of 500 mg twice daily on the first day, followed by 500 mg twice daily on the mornings of the second, third, and fourth days (MANE). Azithromycin is then discontinued and replaced with doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) 100 mg twice daily for the remainder of treatment (ten or eleven days). - First, administer azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™) as a loading dose of 500 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 500 mg twice daily on the mornings of days 2, 3, and 4 (MANE). Then discontinue azithromycin and administer doxycycline 100 mg twice daily (or approximately 25 mg to 500 mg twice daily) (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) for the entire duration of treatment (ten or eleven days or longer). (3) Administer zinc sulfate at a dose of 100 mg MANE each day of treatment. Optionally, the treatment lasts between approximately 10 days and 3 weeks, or between 11 days and 2 weeks, or for approximately 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 days.

[0015] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a mist, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs in a therapeutic combination, drug dosage form, drug delivery device, or manufactured product comprising a combination of: hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), avermectin drugs such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slaquine (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), elinofloxacin, or abamectin; zinc (Zn); vitamin D3; and vitamin C, or any combination thereof, such as hydroxychloroquine, vitamin C, vitamin D (optionally cholecalciferol, vitamin D3, or calcidiol), and zinc.

[0016] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs in a therapeutic combination, drug dosage form, drug delivery device, or manufactured product comprising a combination of: hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral sustained-release or extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), vitamin C, vitamin D (optionally, cholecalciferol, vitamin D3, or calcidiol), and zinc, or any combination thereof.

[0017] In alternative implementations, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs in a therapeutic combination, drug dosage form, drug delivery device, or manufactured product, comprising drug regimens as described below (Groups C and D are separate exemplary treatment regimens), where numbers are in milligrams (mgs) and each column represents a day (i.e., the first column is day 1 and the last column is day 10):

[0018] Alternatively, alternative group C received 12 mg of ivermectin on days 1, 3, 6, and 8:

[0019] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, a therapeutic combination, a drug dosage form, a drug delivery device, or a manufactured product that includes colchicine.

[0020] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, including combinations of colchicine and hydroxychloroquine. Optionally, the combination also includes zinc. Optionally, the combination also includes avermectin antibiotics. Optionally, the combination also includes vitamin C and / or vitamin D.

[0021] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, including combinations of hydroxychloroquine and antibiotics. Optionally, the combination also includes zinc. Optionally, the combination also includes vitamin C and / or vitamin D. Optionally, the combination also includes ivermectin. Optionally, the combination also includes amantadine. Optionally, the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of azithromycin, doxycycline, and clarithromycin.

[0022] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products (e.g., medical devices) as provided herein include and can deliver (e.g., as a nebulizer, aerosol, or powder) one or more drugs, including combinations of cyclosporine, ivermectin, doxycycline, and zinc.

[0023] In alternative embodiments of therapeutic combinations, drug formulations, drug delivery devices, or manufactured products of one or more drugs as provided herein: - One or more drugs, drug dosage forms, drug delivery devices, or manufactured products also include (e.g., those formulated or administered with) (or additional) antiviral drugs or medicines, or antimicrobial drugs, or palliative agents or medicines. Optionally, the antiviral drug or pharmaceutical product or antimicrobial drug is or includes: efavirenz (e.g., SUSTIVA™), tenofovir (optionally, tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir dessotropide or VIREAD™), emtricitabine and tenofovir, nevirapine (or a combination of efavirenz with emtricitabine and tenofovir, or ATRIPLA™), ampravir (e.g., AGENERASE™), nelfinavir (e.g., VIRACEPT™) and / or remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor modulators, optionally favipiravir (optionally, AVIGAN™) or sofosbuvir (optionally, SOVALDI™, SOFORAL™); or adenosine analogues (optionally, galixivir, optionally BCX4430, IMMUCILLIN-A™), Optionally, the antiviral drug or pharmaceutical product is or includes an antiretroviral drug or combination of drugs, and optionally, the antiretroviral drug or combination of drugs includes: drenavir and cobistat (e.g., REZOLSTA™ or PREZCOBIX™); atazanavir and cobistat (or EVOTAZ™); abacavir, lamivudine, and dulutegravir (TRIUMEQ™); tenofovir (or tenofovir desosopyr or tenofovir desosopyr, or VIREAD™, or emtricitabine) and erterapir and cobistat (e.g., STRIBILD™); tenofovir (or desosopyr or emtricitabine) and erterapir and cobistat (COMPLERA™ or EVIPLERA™). Efavirenz (optionally, SUSTIVA™), emtricitabine, and tenofovir (or ATRIPLA™); lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine (e.g., TRIOMUNE™); atazanavir and cobistat (e.g., EVOTAZ™); lamivudine and retegvir (e.g., DUTREBIS™); lamivudine and dulutexvir (or DOVATO™); doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir (e.g., DELSTRIGO™); or lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine (e.g., CUOVIR-N™), and optionally, the antiviral drug or combination of drugs includes daclatasvir (optionally, DAKLINZA™); Optionally, the additional antiviral drug or pharmaceutical product or antimicrobial drug may be formulated together with the chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™) and / or oseltamivir, or separately with the chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir and / or oseltamivir. Optionally, the antiviral drug or medicine or antimicrobial drug or palliative agent comprises or further comprises zinc (optionally zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc pyridinecarboxylate, optionally administered at about 50 mg / day to 200 mg / day or 100 mg / day), and / or at least one vitamin, optionally vitamin K, vitamin D (optionally vitamin D3, optionally administered at about 1000 mcg / day to 4000 mcg / day), vitamin B6 (or pyridoxine), vitamin B12, vitamin E and / or vitamin C (optionally administered at 500 mg bid), or optionally flavonoids, phytoflavonols or quercetin, or melatonin, optionally administered intravenously or parenterally, at about 250 mg to 500 mg bid; - Antiviral drugs or medicines are or contain antiretroviral drugs or combinations thereof, formulated or administered together with immunosuppressive drugs (optionally tocilizumab or atelizumab, or ACTEMRA™ or ROACTEMRA™). - Chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™) and / or oseltamivir alone or together, or said lopinavir and ritonavir together while said oseltamivir is prepared alone; - A therapeutic combination of one or more drugs, a drug dosage form or chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™) and / or oseltamivir and / or antiviral drugs or pharmaceuticals, or antimicrobial drugs, formulated or contained in a liquid formulation (optionally, sterile saline or water), spray, powder, aerosol or any formulation, pill, capsule, tablet or gel-coated tablet, or equivalent for inhalation; - And optionally, a therapeutic combination of one or more drugs, a pharmaceutical dosage form, or chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), and / or oseltamivir and / or an antiviral drug or medicine, or an antimicrobial drug, is coated on or contained therein on or in the form of beads, powder, granules, or multilayer beads or granules, and optionally, the beads, powder, granules, or multilayer beads or granules are contained in a pill, capsule, tablet, or gel-coated tablet or equivalent for oral delivery, wherein optionally, the pill, capsule, tablet, gel-coated tablet, or equivalent for oral delivery is a hard gelatin capsule or equivalent, or contains hard gelatin or equivalent; and / or - Lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™) and oseltamivir are formulated or packaged for administration or delivery at a lopinavir:ritonavir:oseltamivir ratio of 25:100:75.

[0024] In alternative embodiments, drug delivery devices or packaging, kits, blister packs, clamshell packs, or trays are provided, comprising a therapeutic combination, dosage form, or formulation of one or more drugs as provided herein. The drug delivery device includes an inhalation device or inhaler or nasal spray device, and optionally, the inhaler or nasal spray device is a handheld inhaler or nasal spray device, such as a handheld inhaler or nasal spray device. Optionally, the inhaler or nasal spray device is a metered or dose-counting inhaler or nasal spray device having one or more powders for inhalation to prevent or treat infection. The drug delivery device or packaging, blister pack, clamshell pack, or tray includes multiple compartments spatially arranged on the drug delivery device or packaging, blister pack, clamshell pack, or tray to follow a dosage administration regimen. The multiple compartments are arranged in at least two rows, each row marked with the time when the drug combination or tablet, pill, capsule, gel-coated tablet, or equivalent will be taken by the user (optionally, the patient). Optionally, one row is marked for morning, breakfast, or am, and another row is marked for evening, dinner, or afternoon administration. Optionally, one or more rows marked for morning, breakfast, or am administration are positioned above or above one or more rows marked for evening, dinner, or afternoon administration. Optionally, the multiple compartments in the space are arranged in four rows, with two rows labeled for morning, breakfast, or forenoon use, and two rows labeled for evening, dinner, or afternoon use. Optionally, the multiple compartments of the space are arranged to promote and / or instruct patients to take the medications in the rows twice daily (bid), three times daily (tid), four times daily, or up to ten times daily (optionally, the higher dose is for seriously ill patients), and optionally, also include instructions on the actual time for the patient to take the medications in each row, and instructions on additionally taking fluids or other medications and / or food (e.g., small amounts of food) when appropriate. Optionally, each row includes seven compartments for a single dose administration each day of the week, or eight compartments for a single dose administration each day of the week and one spare. Optionally, each set of vertically arranged compartments or columns is labeled for the day of the week the user will take the dose contained therein. Optionally, the drug delivery device or package, blister pack, clamshell package, or tray has one row for morning, breakfast, or amphitheater administration and one row labeled for evening, dinner, or afternoon administration. Each column or each day will have two compartments, optionally with the compartment for morning, breakfast, or amphitheater administration located above the compartment for evening, dinner, or afternoon administration. Optionally, each compartment has a foil or equivalent backing, or each compartment is an environmentally (optionally, moisture, pathogens, and / or light) protected or sealed storage unit, and optionally, the foil backing requires minimal finger force to remove the dosage form (optionally one, two, three, or more capsules, tablets, pills, gel-coated tablets, or equivalents) from the compartment. Optionally, the blister packaging is a face-sealed blister packaging, a multi-slot blister packaging, a simulated blister packaging, an interactive blister packaging, or a sliding blister packaging. Optionally, the drug delivery device or packaging, blister pack, clamshell pack, or tray is combined with a board, which allows the product to be packaged, handled, hung, displayed, and / or transported without damaging the blister protection or seal, and optionally also provides child-proof features. Optionally, the drug delivery device or packaging, blister pack, clamshell pack, or tray includes a medical electronic monitoring system that records the administration time and transmits the information to a mobile phone supporting near field communication (NFC). Optionally, the kit is a travel kit that includes instructions for travelers to take the specified dose immediately, and optionally, the medication delivery device or packaging, blister pack, clamshell pack, or the first row of medication on the tray if they believe they have been in close contact with or exposed to an individual who is infected or may be infected with a coronavirus (e.g., COVID-19), or an individual who has fever, sore throat, chills or shivering, chest pain, cough, diarrhea, and / or muscle aches.

[0025] In alternative embodiments, methods are provided for treating, preventing, or improving coronavirus infection, or COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV infection, or infection caused by viruses of the Orthocoronavirus subfamily, or viruses of the Coronaviridae family or the target virus of the Nidoviridae family, to slow the progression of microbial infection, to reduce the severity of microbial infection, or to prevent microbial infection, comprising administering to an individual in need a therapeutic combination, drug formulation, drug delivery device, or manufactured product of one or more drugs as provided herein, wherein optionally, the therapeutic combination or drug formulation of the one or more drugs is administered as an inhalation or aerosol formulation (e.g., powder, liquid, aerosol) and / or together with an oral, intravenous (IV), or intramuscular formulation (optionally, simultaneously or sequentially).

[0026] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products are provided that are made or manufactured as inhalers, asthma “blowing” devices, nebulizers, or nasal spray devices or equivalents for delivering drugs or medicines as provided herein, for treating, preventing, improving, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing microbial infections in individuals in need, wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally, the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally, the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus, or coronavirus infection, and optionally, the coronavirus is the COVID-19 virus, and optionally, the infection is caused by a virus of the Orthocoronavirus subfamily, or a coronavirus family, or a virus of the Nidovirales order.

[0027] In alternative embodiments, the use of manufactured products made or manufactured as inhalers, asthma “blowing” devices, nebulizers, or nasal spray devices or equivalents for delivering drugs or medicines as provided herein is provided in the manufacture of agents for treating, preventing, improving, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing microbial infections in individuals in need, wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally, the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally, the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus, or coronavirus infection, and optionally, the coronavirus is the COVID-19 virus, and optionally, the infection is caused by a virus of the Orthocoronavirus subfamily, or a coronavirus family, or a virus of the Nidovirales order.

[0028] In alternative implementations, methods for treating, preventing, improving, slowing the progression of, or reducing the severity of coronavirus infection include therapeutic combinations, drug formulations, drug delivery devices, or manufactured products of one or more medicines provided herein for individuals suffering from long-term or chronic effects or symptoms of a viral infection (also known as “long-hauler”) or who have not fully recovered from COVID-19 weeks or even months after their first experience of symptoms. Some long-haulers involve symptoms lasting for weeks or months, while others involve feeling well for weeks before recurring old or new symptoms. In alternative implementations, methods as provided herein are used to prevent so-called “long-hauler” syndromes, or to treat or prevent symptoms lasting for weeks or months, or to prevent or treat recurrence of new or old symptoms.

[0029] In alternative embodiments, the methods provided herein further include the use of an air ionizer (e.g., a technical ionizer or a bio-ionizer), or a device capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions. In alternative embodiments, such an air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions is operatively connected to a manufactured product (e.g., a medical device as provided herein, such as a ventilator or respirator, CPAP, inhaler, asthma "blowing" device, nebulizer, or nasal spray device or equivalent) such that ionized air or air containing electrons and / or ions is delivered to the patient, optionally as a forced air or positive pressure airflow, reaching or entering the user's nose and / or mouth, and optionally reaching the trachea, bronchi, or lungs. In alternative embodiments, such an air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions is a standalone device that provides or delivers ionized air or air containing electrons and / or ions to the patient, optionally as a forced air or positive pressure airflow, to or into the nose and / or mouth, and optionally delivers the ionized air or air containing electrons and / or ions to the user's trachea, bronchi, or lungs. In alternative embodiments, the air ionizer or device capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions is connected to the inhalation port of a ventilator as provided herein, which is particularly effective for COVID-19 patients.

[0030] In alternative embodiments, such an air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions may or may not be used with a humidifier, or optionally further include a humidifier. In alternative embodiments, the ionizer and / or humidifier are standalone devices, or part of a manufactured product as provided herein, or configured or operatively connected to a manufactured product as provided herein, or configured or operatively connected to a standalone air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions.

[0031] In alternative implementations, an air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions, and / or a humidifier, is placed or configured near a patient or person requiring prevention of symptoms. For example, the air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions, and / or a humidifier, is placed near the nose, suspended around the neck, or placed on a table or stand near the patient, or placed on a bed or chair, for example, at a distance of approximately 0.5 to 3 meters or approximately 1 to 2 meters from the patient or the patient's face. In alternative implementations, the air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions, and / or a humidifier, operates independently of manufactured products as described herein (e.g., inhalers, asthma "blowing" devices, nebulizers or nasal spray devices, respirators or ventilators, warm air or hot air delivery devices, and / or CPAP devices), for example, it can operate continuously, even during sleep. In this way, the air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions does not need to be connected to any other product, including manufactured products as provided herein, and can optionally be operated or controlled independently of the therapeutic administration of drugs as provided herein.

[0032] In alternative implementations, methods are provided for treating, preventing, improving, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing microbial infections in individuals in need, including administering a drug or combination of drugs contained in a manufactured product, such as those provided herein, made or manufactured for delivery of a drug or medicament, including an inhaler, asthma “blowing” device, nebulizer, or nasal spray device, or equivalent. The microbial infection described herein is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus, or coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is the COVID-19 virus. And optionally, the infection is caused by Orthocoronavirus subfamily Virus, or Coronavirus Virus, or Nest virus Caused by a virus.

[0033] In alternative implementations of the methods provided herein, wherein the individual in need suffers from long-term or chronic effects or symptoms of a viral infection, or the individual in need has not fully recovered from a viral infection weeks or even months after first experiencing symptoms, or the individual in need experiences symptoms lasting weeks or months after initial diagnosis or treatment of a viral infection, or the individual in need feels well for weeks and then experiences a relapse of old or new symptoms, And optionally, the said drug or the said combination of drugs is used to prevent so-called "long-term attack" syndrome, or to treat or prevent symptoms lasting for weeks or months, or to prevent or treat recurrence of old or new symptoms. Optionally, the viral infection is a COVID-19 infection.

[0034] In alternative embodiments, the use of manufactured products made or manufactured as inhalers, asthma "blowing" devices, nebulizers, or nasal spray devices or equivalents as provided herein for the delivery of medicines or drugs is provided. Optionally, the delivery of the said drug or medicine is used to treat, prevent, improve, slow the progression of, reduce the severity of or prevent microbial infections in individuals of need, including the administration of the drug or combination of drugs. The microbial infection described herein is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus, or coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is the COVID-19 virus. And optionally, the infection is caused by Orthocoronavirus subfamily Virus, or Coronavirus Virus, or Nest virus Caused by a virus.

[0035] In alternative implementations, manufactured products are provided that are made or manufactured as inhalers, asthma "blowing" devices, nebulizers, or nasal spray devices or equivalents as provided herein, for the delivery of medicines or drugs. Optionally, the delivery of the said drug or medicine is used to treat, prevent, improve, slow the progression of, reduce the severity of or prevent microbial infections in individuals of need, including the administration of the drug or combination of drugs. The microbial infection described herein is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus, or coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is the COVID-19 virus. Optionally, the infection is caused by a virus of the Orthocoronavirus subfamily, or a virus of the Coronaviridae family, or a virus of the Nidovirales order.

[0036] Details of one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following description. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the specification and claims.

[0037] All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this article are expressly incorporated in their entirety by reference for all purposes. Detailed Implementation

[0038] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products made or manufactured as medical devices, such as inhalers, asthma “blowing” devices, nebulizers or nasal spray devices, respirators or ventilators, warm or hot air delivery devices (e.g., modified hair dryers) and / or CPAP (continuous positive pressure) devices (e.g., for managing or treating sleep apnea) or equivalents, are provided for delivering therapeutic combinations of one or more medications, and / or for delivering ionized air or air comprising generated electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, and / or for delivering warm or hot air. In alternative implementations, combinations of different drugs and novel devices for their administration are provided, which, when used together, can treat, improve, slow the progression of, reduce the severity of, or prevent the following: coronavirus infections, such as 2019-nCoV infection, or SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) or MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), or any respiratory infection, such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, picornavirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, or enterovirus, or any other respiratory condition, such as sinusitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive airway disease, pulmonary fibrosis, bacterial pneumonia of any bacterial, mycobacterial, or fungal origin, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and / or granulomatous disease. In alternative implementations, novel methods of administration are provided to cover the exposure, diagnostic, and treatment periods.

[0039] In alternative embodiments, products such as medical devices, like inhalers and nebulizers, are manufactured, and compositions (including formulations, formulations, and / or kits) comprise or deliver a combination of ingredients by inhalation of liquids, powders, and / or nebulizers, such as therapeutic combinations as described herein.

[0040] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic combinations and formulations of pharmaceutical drugs, or pharmaceutical preparations or compositions delivered by manufactured products as provided herein, are formulated as, for example, powders, lyophilized materials, or lyophilized packaged products.

[0041] In alternative implementations, the manufactured products as provided herein are drug delivery devices, such as respirators or ventilators, inhalers, nebulizers, nasal sprays, and equivalents (e.g., asthma “blowing” devices), including, for example, portable inhalation devices, inhalers, nebulizers, or nasal spray devices, warm or hot air delivery devices (e.g., modified hair dryers), and CPAP (continuous positive pressure) devices (e.g., for managing or treating sleep apnea), for delivering medicines or drugs, including delivering therapeutic combinations, dosage forms, or formulations of medicines as provided herein.

[0042] In alternative embodiments, the drug delivery device provided herein is or is made or manufactured as an inhaler, an asthma “blowing” device, a nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent, and optionally is a handheld device or other form of portable device, and optionally, the device is a metering or dose-counting inhaler or nasal spray device.

[0043] In alternative embodiments, drug delivery devices such as inhalers, asthma “blowing” devices, nebulizers, or nasal spray devices described herein are, for example, methods or devices described below, or include, a portion of, or are made of or used by methods or devices described below: USPN 10,583,261 or 10,561,809 (describes a respiratory-actuated dry powder inhaler having a single air-circulating chamber for depolymerizing entrained powdered pharmaceutical products), or USPN 10,561,807 (describes an inhaler device configured to consume a defined volume and produce an aerosol or flavored aerosol, a sensor configured to detect a predefined variable, an interface configured to notify the inhaler of the aerosol, and a controller), or USPN 10,463,815 (describes a dry powder inhaler that may include a powder storage area, an inlet channel, a dispersion chamber, and an outlet channel); or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20200069897. (Describes an inhaler having a respiratory actuation triggering mechanism that responds to the inhaled flow to trigger the release of the inhaled substance); or 20200061314 (Describes an intelligent inhaler device having a flow path including: a cartridge container capable of containing a cartridge, a flow meter, a pump, and an vaporizer; a wireless communication module; and at least one sensor that captures identification information associated with the cartridge); or 2020004691 (Describes a dry powder inhaler having a replaceable cartridge containing dry powder for local or systemic delivery through the pulmonary tract and lungs); or 20200046916 (Describes an inhaler with a refill assembly, including: a patient port; a canister actuated by a reusable component to deliver a dose of medication to the patient port; and a sleeve, independently of the reusable component, selectively actuated by the user to act on the canister to deliver a dose of medication); or 20200046029 (Describes an apparatus for generating an aerosol and / or vapor in an inhaler device, comprising a reservoir for storing a liquid supply source; a heating system fluidly connected to the reservoir for receiving the liquid and configured to heat the liquid to generate an aerosol and / or vapor therefrom; a pumping system configured to pump the liquid from the reservoir to the heating system; and a valve arrangement for regulating the flow rate from the pumping system to the heating system); or 20200016345 (describes a dry powder inhaler having: a first chamber having an orifice for receiving dry powder and gas; and a second chamber directly connected to the first chamber via at least one channel for receiving dry powder in atomized form from the first chamber and delivering the atomized dry powder to a user). Inhalers as provided herein or inhalers used in methods as provided herein may include the use of a dose counter, for example, as described in USPN 10,561,808.

[0044] In alternative implementations, medical devices such as respirators or ventilators, nebulizers, inhalers, or nasal spray devices provided herein are handheld devices or other forms of portable devices and can be used or are intended for use in any public space, such as any means of transport or mode of transport, such as public transport such as buses, trams, trains, airplanes, and / or ships, or commercial places such as shops, bars, sporting events, cinemas, theaters, musical events, or any gathering of people. In alternative embodiments, medical devices as described herein, such as CPAP devices, respirators or ventilators, nebulizers, inhalers, nasal spray devices, hot air delivery devices (such as improved hair dryers), etc., include boxes, pouches, interchangeable trays (e.g., for containing powders or powder mixtures) or reservoirs (optionally refillable reservoirs) in or on the manufactured product, or removable boxes or pouches, interchangeable trays (e.g., for containing powders) that can be inserted into slots or ports on the manufactured product, or separate reservoirs or containers operatively coupled or connected to the manufactured product, comprising drugs or medicines, such as combinations or formulations of drugs as described herein, for delivering drugs or medicines to the user of the medical device. In alternative embodiments, each time the device, such as an inhaler or nebulizer, is activated by the user, a predetermined amount of drug or medicine is administered, and the drug or medicine is thus effectively carried into the bronchi and lungs of use by inhalation. In alternative implementations, such as for a ventilator or respirator, the device includes a timing device that allows a predetermined or preset amount of drug or medicine to be administered at predetermined or set times or intervals.

[0045] In alternative embodiments, medical devices as described herein administer drugs or pharmaceuticals, such as formulations or drug combinations, by inhalation or by forced air injection into the bronchi and / or lungs (e.g., heated forced air). For example, inhaled or aerosol materials (e.g., powders or liquids, such as as a nebulizer or water droplets) may include one or more drugs, formulations, or pharmaceuticals to combat infection, prevent the colonization of infectious agents on the mucous membranes of the entire respiratory tract, including the alveoli and / or lungs, or allow immunization (administration of a vaccine), or modularize an immune response (e.g., containing immunomodulators, such as immunosuppressive drugs, such as tocilizumab or atelizumab, or ACTEMRA™, ROACTEMRA™). In alternative implementations, the medical device delivers a biofilm dissolving agent (dornasealfa (e.g., PULMOZYNE™)), ​​an anticholinergic drug (optionally, tiotropium bromide or SPIRIVA™), a bronchodilator, a corticosteroid, an antileukotriene drug, or an asthma drug (optionally, formoterol, salbutamol, abuzolinol, or VENTOLIN™). For example, for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19 viral infection, the device (e.g., nebulizer, inhaler) may contain a liquid or powdered product containing, for example, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, or a chloroquine derivative; or zanamivir (e.g., RELENZA™), oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™); ritonavir, derenavir, nelfinavir (e.g., VIRACEPT™), ampravir (e.g., AGENERASE™), favipiravir, and / or remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), and optionally also contains an antibiotic, such as azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™); and / or other antiviral or antimicrobial agents, any or all of which may be inhaled simultaneously or sequentially to produce a high concentration of the antiviral or antimicrobial agent in the respiratory tract.

[0046] Handheld or portable device

[0047] In alternative implementations, portable (e.g., handheld (or neck-worn)) medical devices (e.g., inhalers, ionizers, asthma nasal sprays, or nebulizers) as described herein administer inhaled products (e.g., powders, nebulizers, any liquid sprays). These inhaled products may contain various classes of medicines, such as antiviral drugs that target or are intended to treat, prevent, or improve respiratory viruses (e.g., influenza, cold viruses, and / or coronaviruses), and may also contain immunomodulators, such as immune stimulants, or immunosuppressants, such as tocilizumab or atelizumab, or ACTEMRA™, ROACTEMRA™, and agents specifically designed to enable persons traveling by air, sea, train, bus, and taxi, etc., to use devices as described herein to spray or apply medicines or pharmaceuticals to the back of the throat at any time (e.g., at designated times), wherein the anti-infective agent can prevent the user from contracting most infections through inhalation. In alternative implementations, portable (e.g., handheld) medical devices (e.g., inhalers or nebulizers) as described herein can be purchased from various clinics or stores, such as pharmacies, airplanes, airports, buses, and taxis, so that people who may forget to obtain the product can obtain it and carry it with them during their overseas travels and holidays.

[0048] In alternative implementations, portable (e.g., handheld) medical devices (e.g., inhalers, asthma inhalers, or nebulizers) as described herein may administer ionized air or air containing generated electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, as described below.

[0049] As described above, in alternative embodiments, portable or handheld medical devices include cassettes, pouches, interchangeable trays (e.g., for containing powder), or containers (optionally refillable reservoirs) in or on a manufactured product, or removable cassettes or pouches, interchangeable trays (e.g., for containing powder) insertable into slots or ports on said manufactured product, or separate reservoirs or containers operatively coupled or engaged to said manufactured product, comprising drugs or medications for inhalation delivery to a user. In alternative embodiments, improved hair dryer-type medical devices as provided herein offer adjustable temperature, adjustable air inlet; means (or container) for inserting a drug-containing cassette (optionally providing or delivering a combination of drugs); and / or warm-to-hot air availability (optionally with temperature control) to inhibit viral and bacterial growth, as discussed in further detail below.

[0050] In alternative embodiments, medical devices for inhaling and delivering medications or combinations thereof to a user, as provided herein, are made as metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) (open-mouth or closed-mouth MDIs) that may include a pressurized canister of medication or medicine in a plastic cartridge with a mouthpiece, and a receiving chamber having a plastic tube with a mouthpiece, a valve for controlling the delivery of the inhaler, and a soft-sealed end for receiving the MDI; the receiving chamber may facilitate delivery of the medication or medicine to the nose and / or lungs, for example, as an AEROCHAMBER™ device. In alternative embodiments, the inhaler or nebulizer is respiratory-activated, for example, as a REDIHALER™ device.

[0051] In alternative embodiments, medical devices for delivering drugs or medicaments or combinations thereof to a user via inhalation, as provided herein, are made as dry powder inhalers (such as dry powder disc inhalers, for example as DISKUS™ devices), optionally having a dose counter window so that the user can see how much dose remains, for example, wherein the powder is dispensed by means of a disposable, refillable or replaceable cartridge, packet or disc; and the dry powder dispensing can be respiratory-activated, for example as AEROLIZER™, FLEXHALER™, PRESSAIR™, DISKUS™, HANDIHALER™, TWISTHALER™, ELLIPTA™, NEOHALIER™, RESPICLICK™, ROTAHALER™ or TUBUHALER™ devices.

[0052] In alternative implementations, medical devices for delivering drugs or medicines or combinations thereof to a user via inhalation, as provided herein, are made as nebulizers or soft fog inhalers that may include a nebulizer delivery system comprising a nebulizer (e.g., a small plastic bowl with a screw cap) and a source of compressed air to generate a nebulizer containing the drug or medicine, which may also use disposable, refillable, or replaceable cartridges, packets, or trays for dosage dispensing.

[0053] Hot air or forced air delivery device

[0054] In alternative implementations, medical devices such as those provided herein, including ventilators or respirators, CPAP devices, and portable (e.g., handheld) medical devices, such as inhalers, asthma inhalers, or nebulizers provided herein, are capable of delivering forced air and / or hot air, or of administering ionized air or air containing generated electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, and may include a mechanism similar to a hair dryer or so-called dryer, wherein warm air to hot air, steam, or vapor, or simply room temperature air, is forcibly delivered directly to the user's mouth and / or nose, thereby causing the forced air and / or hot air or warm air to permeate through the nose into the sinuses and turbinates, downward into the trachea, and into the main bronchi and bronchioles. The device may have controls such as a dial to set or adjust the temperature or heat of the air and / or adjust the force of air delivery into the nose or mouth, bronchi, and lungs. The device may be battery powered. The device may include (optionally disposable) a mouthpiece (optionally bidirectional) for fitting or placing the device over the mouth for air delivery, or include a mask for fitting over the nose and mouth to deliver air to both the nose and mouth simultaneously, and optionally allow inhalation and exhalation when a side valve is open. For example, the medical device may include components that facilitate the generation, delivery, and / or regulation of the heat or force of the air delivery, as described, for example, in USPN 10,492,585; 10,485,320; 10,405,630 (which describes a battery-powered dryer having a heating element powered by a connected battery pack); 10,299,560; 10,299,559; and / or 10,143,284. The device may also include noise cancellation devices, such as those described in USPN 10,089,973.

[0055] As described above, in alternative embodiments, the medical device delivers a drug or medicine from a replaceable, disposable, or refillable box, packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding powder), or a drug-containing module disposed on or within the medical device. In alternative embodiments, the medical device includes a regulating value or any mechanism that regulates or modulates the amount of drug or medicine delivered to or entering an airflow path, and thus regulates or modulates the amount of drug or medicine entering the nose, trachea, bronchi, and / or lungs. In alternative embodiments, asthma or antimicrobial (e.g., antiviral) medications may be administered, as may be administered such as antibiotics or medications (e.g., gentamicin), biofilm dissolving agents, anticholinergics (optionally, tiotropium bromide or SPIRIVA™), bronchodilators, steroids, corticosteroids, antileukotriene or asthma medications (optionally, formoterol, salbutamol, abuprofen, or VENTOLIN™), or any formulation or combination of medications provided herein.

[0056] If someone is traveling abroad and experiences recurrent urinary tract infections or sinus or vaginal fungal infections, antifungal agents may be used, such as itraconazole (e.g., SPORANOX™, SPORAZ™, ORUNGAL™). The medication may be administered with or without an appropriate anti-inflammatory agent for the patient's recurrent infection or other condition. These antifungal agents can also help treat (and optionally cure) chronic and recurrent sinusitis and asthma, and may be combined with specific antibiotics for sinus infections, including lincomycin, gentamicin and others in this group, dexamethasone, ansamycin (e.g., rifampin, rifabutin, and other rifamycins). This combination can be used to manage recurrent asthma, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive airway disease.

[0057] In alternative embodiments, medical devices for delivering drugs or medicaments or combinations thereof to a user via inhalation, as provided herein, are made as dry powder inhalers (such as dry powder disc inhalers, for example as DISKUS™ devices), optionally having a dose counter window so that the user can see how much dose remains, for example, wherein the powder is dispensed by means of a disposable, refillable or replaceable cartridge, packet or disc; and the dry powder dispensing can be respiratory-activated, for example as AEROLIZER™, FLEXHALER™, PRESSAIR™, DISKUS™, HANDIHALER™, TWISTHALER™, ELLIPTA™, NEOHALIER™, RESPICLICK™, ROTAHALER™ or TUBUHALER™ devices.

[0058] CPAP (Continuous Positive Pressure) device

[0059] In alternative implementations, CPAP (Continuous Positive Pressure) devices are provided, for example, as used in sleep apnea treatment, to deliver medications or pharmaceuticals, such as those provided herein, or to administer ionized air or air containing generated electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions. In alternative implementations, therapeutic agents are delivered intermittently as the user inhales during sleep, for example, through apnea phases during sleep, such as via medication or a cassette or packet containing medication, or an interchangeable tray (e.g., for containing powder), as described above. For example, when a patient breathes via CPAP (potentially for several hours), the device may be configured to intermittently deliver or administer medications or pharmaceuticals and / or forced warm or hot air, and / or humidified air (e.g., as described in USPN 10,518,061, which describes a humidifier for humidifying air delivered to the patient's airway) to combat infections, such as throat or chest infections, at night.

[0060] In alternative embodiments, asthma or antimicrobial (e.g., antiviral) medications may be administered via CPAP, such as antibiotics or drugs (e.g., gentamicin), biofilm dissolving agents (optionally, PULMOZYME™), anticholinergics (optionally, tiotropium bromide or SPIRIVA™), bronchodilators, steroids, corticosteroids, antileukotriene or asthma medications (optionally, formoterol, salbutamol, abuprofen, or VENTOLIN™), or any formulations or combinations of medications provided herein, which may be administered via CPAP. Other medications that may be administered include steroids for treating asthma and systemic antibiotics, such as gentamicin or vancomycin; optionally, in this embodiment, CPAP is used to treat urinary tract infections by administering antibiotics (e.g., antibacterial or antifungal agents) (such as gentamicin), which are excreted via the urinary tract.

[0061] In alternative embodiments, the CPAP device provided herein may include components as described in, for example, the following: USPN 10,595,814; 10,549,057 (describes a ventilator system including a mask placed on the wearer's face); 10,543,333 (describes an exhaust device for a mask or associated tubing to expel exhaled gases from the mask); and / or 10,406,312 (describes a CPAP flow driver for use with a nebulizer in conjunction with a CPAP device).

[0062] In alternative embodiments, medical devices for delivering drugs or medicaments or combinations thereof to a user via inhalation, as provided herein, are made as dry powder inhalers (such as dry powder disc inhalers, for example as DISKUS™ devices), optionally having a dose counter window so that the user can see how much dose remains, for example, wherein the powder is dispensed by means of a disposable, refillable or replaceable cartridge, packet or disc; and the dry powder dispensing can be respiratory-activated, for example as AEROLIZER™, FLEXHALER™, PRESSAIR™, DISKUS™, HANDIHALER™, TWISTHALER™, ELLIPTA™, NEOHALIER™, RESPICLICK™, ROTAHALER™ or TUBUHALER™ devices.

[0063] Respirator or ventilator

[0064] In alternative embodiments, a respirator or ventilator is provided that includes components as described herein, including for administering forced air or forced hot air or warm air, or for administering ionized air or air containing generated electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, or optionally a respirator or ventilator for controlling the administration of drugs or pharmaceutical products (including formulations and drug combinations provided herein) by using a removable and / or disposable drug-containing module, cassette or packet or interchangeable tray (e.g. for containing powder), as described above.

[0065] In alternative implementations, the provided ventilator or ventilator is used for patients in intensive care, for example, during a coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pandemic. In alternative implementations, the provided ventilator or ventilator has various accessories, including nebulizer accessories or equivalents, and medications or pharmaceuticals can be added to the nebulizer, including, for example, antiviral formulations or drug combinations provided herein, or antibiotics or drugs (such as gentamicin), biofilm dissolving agents (optionally, PULMOZYME™), anticholinergics (optionally, tiotropium bromide or SPIRIVA™), bronchodilators, steroids, corticosteroids, antileukotriene or asthma drugs (optionally, formoterol, salbutamol, abuprofen, or VENTOLIN™), or any formulations or drug combinations provided herein.

[0066] In alternative implementations, the temperature and humidity of the air delivered by the ventilator or respirator are regulated and / or modified, for example, by inserting a special tandem tube that can heat or warm the air to a predetermined temperature, for example, to eradicate, kill, or at least mitigate the effects of respiratory viruses (e.g., coronaviruses such as COVID-19). In alternative implementations, the temperature of the air delivered by the device is regulated or adjustable to above about 53°C.o C, or approximately 60 o C to 70 o C, or 55 o C to 90 o C, this can kill the coronavirus. This is achieved by slowly increasing the heat of the injected or inhaled air, steam, mist, or vapor until the viral infectious agent is killed by the heat, reaching approximately 55. o C to 90 o C or higher, or about 60 o C to 70 o Inhalation temperatures within the range of C. In alternative embodiments, this heat treatment can also be used for any pneumonia or asthma and may include a biofilm dissolving agent, such as Donas Alpha (e.g., PULMOZYME™). In alternative embodiments, the device provided herein includes a temperature sensing device located at the lung (or distal) end of the endotracheal tube to monitor the heat delivered by said device (e.g., the ventilator or ventilator provided herein).

[0067] In alternative embodiments, medical devices for delivering drugs or medicaments or combinations thereof to a user via inhalation, as provided herein, are made as dry powder inhalers (such as dry powder disc inhalers, for example as DISKUS™ devices), optionally having a dose counter window so that the user can see how much dose remains, for example, wherein the powder is dispensed by means of a disposable, refillable or replaceable cartridge, packet or disc; and the dry powder dispensing can be respiratory-activated, for example as AEROLIZER™, FLEXHALER™, PRESSAIR™, DISKUS™, HANDIHALER™, TWISTHALER™, ELLIPTA™, NEOHALIER™, RESPICLICK™, ROTAHALER™ or TUBUHALER™ devices.

[0068] Filtration and irradiation

[0069] In alternative embodiments, the apparatus provided herein further includes or is equipped with an air purification or filtration system for removing airborne particles (such as bacterial or viral particles), or an ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions. In alternative embodiments, the apparatus provided herein also includes or is equipped with ultraviolet light or other irradiation mechanisms to kill or inactivate microorganisms, thereby ensuring particulate-free and / or infection-free air delivery.

[0070] Ionizer

[0071] In alternative implementations, manufactured products as provided herein include medical devices as provided herein, such as inhalers, asthma "blowing" devices, nebulizers or nasal spray devices, respirators or ventilators, and also include air ionizers (e.g., technical ionizers or bio-ionizers) or devices capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, wherein such air ionizers or devices are capable of generating electrons and / or ions and are operatively connected to or constructed or configured into manufactured products such that ionized air or air containing electrons and / or ions is delivered to a patient, optionally as a forced air or positive pressure airflow, reaching or entering the user's nose and / or mouth, and optionally reaching the trachea, bronchi or lungs.

[0072] In alternative embodiments, the manufactured product as described herein is operatively coupled to an air ionizer or a device capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, wherein such air ionizer or device is capable of generating electrons and / or ions, such that the air ionizer or device is operatively coupled to the manufactured product as described herein, such that ionized air or air containing electrons and / or ions is delivered to the patient, optionally as a forced air or positive pressure airflow, reaching or entering the user's nose and / or mouth, and optionally reaching the trachea, bronchi, or lungs. In alternative embodiments, the air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions is: an AirClean E7™ HEPA air purifier, an AVICHE™ or WOOLA™ personal air purifier, an Elanra Medical IonMax™, an ION90™, a Life MXL-15™ (Lifeionizers), or a Lustre™ ionizer.

[0073] In alternative embodiments, while the invention is not limited to any particular mechanism of action, positively and / or negatively charged particles, when inhaled or otherwise forced into a user’s nose and / or mouth, and optionally into the trachea, bronchi, or lungs, affect (e.g., the ability to kill or otherwise inhibit viral replication, or negatively impact the virulence of the virus) inhaled coronaviruses and / or other infectious viruses (e.g., such as influenza, rhinovirus, picornavirus, adenovirus, or enterovirus) and / or viruses that multiply in the respiratory tract.

[0074] In alternative embodiments, the manufactured products provided herein include manufactured products comprising an air ionizer or a device capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, or manufactured products operatively connected to such a device, or optionally including or operatively connected to a humidifier and / or a warm air source, for the treatment and / or prevention of: coronavirus infections, such as 2019-nCoV infection or SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) or MERS. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), or any respiratory infection such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, piconemavirus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, or enterovirus, or any other respiratory condition such as sinusitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive airway disease, pulmonary fibrosis, bacterial pneumonia of any bacterial, mycobacterial, or fungal origin, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and / or granulomatous disease, or asthma, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis (TB), and / or acute and chronic bronchitis.

[0075] Mixtures

[0076] In alternative embodiments, any medicine or therapeutic agent, including chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir, azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), opaganide or YELIVA™, and / or oseltamivir, and / or antiviral drugs or drug combinations or pharmaceuticals as provided herein, or antimicrobial drugs as provided herein, is formulated as a liquid, powder (e.g., dry powder), microparticles or nanoparticles, spray, or aerosol. In alternative embodiments, the powder may be an agglomeration of powder particles or an agglomeration having irregular geometries such as width, diameter, and length. In alternative embodiments, the dry powder may be formulated as particles of a physiologically acceptable excipient intended to be used as a carrier for inhaled dry powder formulations, as described, for example, in USPN 10,583,085. In alternative implementations, other agents, such as favipiravir, ivermectin, moxifloxacin, doramectin, slakidine, milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), remdesivir, avitadil, and / or carmostat, are administered in the form of inhalation (e.g., powder), and any one or all of them may also be administered orally or by other routes, for example, remdesivir may be administered intravenously (IV). Interferon and hydroxychloroquine may also be administered by inhalation.

[0077] In an alternative implementation, hyperimmune plasma from recovered patients is administered via IV infusion to accelerate recovery.

[0078] In alternative embodiments, chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) are formulated as liquids or aqueous formulations at concentrations between about 50% and 100%. In alternative embodiments, chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) are formulated and delivered at dosage regimens of about 0.2 mg / kg to about 150 mg / kg per dose.

[0079] In alternative implementations, chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) is combined with or administered with azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™), and optionally chloroquine, chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine and / or azithromycin are formulated into sustained-release formulations, such as microspheres as oral sustained-release formulations, such as azithromycin in the form of ZMAX™.

[0080] In an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides for use in in vivo , in vitro It may be used in an in vitro manner to treat, prevent, reverse, and / or improve viral infections, such as pharmaceutical formulations or compositions of coronaviruses (optionally, COVID-19).

[0081] In alternative embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein or used to practice methods as provided herein may be administered parenterally, topically, orally, or by topical application, such as by aerosol or transdermal administration. These pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in any manner and may be administered in multiple unit dosage forms, depending on the symptoms or disease and its severity, the general medical condition of each patient, the preferred method of administration obtained, etc. Details of formulation and administration techniques are described in detail in scientific and patent literature, see, for example, the latest edition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maack Publishing Co., Easton PA (“Remington's”). For example, in alternative embodiments, these compositions of the invention are formulated in buffer solutions, saline solutions, powders, emulsions, vesicles, liposomes, nanoparticles, nanolipid particles, etc. In alternative embodiments, the compositions may be formulated in any manner and may be applied in multiple concentrations and forms, depending on the desired in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo conditions, the desired in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo method of administration, etc. Details of in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo formulation and administration techniques are described in detail in scientific and patent literature. Formulations and / or carriers used in practicing the methods provided herein may be in forms suitable for in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo applications, such as tablets, pills, powders, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions, etc.

[0082] In alternative embodiments, compounds (e.g., formulations) as provided herein or used to practice methods as provided herein may comprise solutions of compositions disposed in or dissolved in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as acceptable media and solvents, including water and Ringer's solution (isotonic sodium chloride). Furthermore, sterile fixative oils may be used as solvents or suspension media. For this purpose, any fixative oil may be used, including synthetic monoglycerides or diglycerides, or fatty acids such as oleic acid. In one embodiment, the solutions and formulations used to practice the invention are sterile and can be manufactured to generally be free of undesirable substances. In one embodiment, these solutions and formulations are sterilized using conventional, well-known sterilization techniques.

[0083] Solutions and formulations provided herein, or used in practice, as described herein, may contain auxiliary substances close to those required for physiological conditions, such as pH adjusters and buffers, toxicity modifiers, such as sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium lactate, etc. The concentration of the active agent in these formulations can vary widely and can be selected primarily based on fluid volume, viscosity, etc., depending on the specific mode of in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo administration and the desired results.

[0084] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products are provided for delivering compositions and formulations as provided herein or for carrying out methods as provided herein using liposomes or nanoparticles. By using liposomes or nanoparticles, particularly when the liposomes or nanoparticles carry ligands specific to target cells (e.g., injured or diseased neurons or CNS tissue) on their surface, or otherwise preferentially targeting a particular tissue or organ type, active agents can be concentratedly delivered to target cells in in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo applications.

[0085] Nanoparticles, nanolipid particles and liposomes

[0086] In alternative embodiments, manufactured products for delivering nanoparticles, nanolipid particles, vesicles, and liposome membranes are provided, comprising compounds or mixtures of compounds as provided herein or for practicing the methods provided herein. For example, in alternative embodiments, avermectin drugs such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), and doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™) are formulated and / or administered in the form of liposomes or nanoparticle formulations.

[0087] In alternative embodiments, multilayer liposomes are provided that comprise compounds or mixtures of compounds for practicing the methods provided herein, such as those described in Park et al., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070082042. Multilayer liposomes can be prepared using mixtures comprising an oil phase component including squalane, sterols, ceramides, neutral lipids or oils, fatty acids, and lecithin, to a particle size of about 200 to 5000 nm to encapsulate compositions for practicing the methods provided herein.

[0088] Liposomes can be prepared using any method, such as that described in Park et al., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070042031, which includes a method for generating liposomes by encapsulating an active agent. The method includes providing an aqueous solution in a first reservoir; providing an organic lipid solution in a second reservoir; and then mixing the aqueous solution with the organic lipid solution in a first mixing region to generate a liposome solution, wherein mixing the organic lipid solution with the aqueous solution generates liposomes encapsulating the active agent substantially instantaneously; and then immediately mixing the liposome solution with a buffer solution to generate a diluted liposome solution.

[0089] In one embodiment, the liposome composition for practicing the methods provided herein comprises substituted ammonium and / or polyanions, for example, for targeted delivery of compounds, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070110798.

[0090] The present invention also provides nanoparticles comprising compounds for practicing the methods provided herein, which are in the form of surfactant-containing nanoparticles (e.g., secondary nanoparticles), as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070077286. In one embodiment, nanoparticles comprising the lipid-soluble surfactant or the lipid-solubilized water-soluble surfactant of the present invention for interaction with divalent or trivalent metal salts are provided.

[0091] In one embodiment, the solid lipid suspension can be used to formulate a composition for practicing the methods provided herein and to place it in... in vivo , in vitro or In vitro Delivery to mammalian cells, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050136121.

[0092] Method of application

[0093] In alternative implementations, the delivery methods of chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir and / or oseltamivir, and / or antiviral drugs or pharmaceuticals, or antimicrobial drugs include treatment regimens in which the drug, pharmaceutical or combination of drugs is administered hourly, every hour, once daily, twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, seven times, eight times, nine times, ten times, eleven times or twelve times. In alternative implementations, the duration of treatment or the exact dosing or dosage regimen is determined by a clinician, or in cases of potential exposure to coronavirus infection, or COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV infection, or by [unspecified source]. Orthocoronavirus subfamily Administer immediately after an individual is infected with a virus, or a virus of the Coronaviridae family, or a target virus such as a nidus virus (or after exposure to another individual with said infection).

[0094] In alternative embodiments, chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) are formulated as liquids or aqueous formulations at concentrations between about 50% and 100%, which can be used as aerosols and / or administered orally. In alternative embodiments, chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) are formulated and delivered (e.g., by inhalation and / or oral administration) at dosage regimens of about 0.2 mg / kg to about 150 mg / kg per dose.

[0095] Administration for therapeutic or preventive purposes

[0096] In alternative embodiments, combinations of drugs for therapeutic and / or preventive purposes and drug delivery devices comprising these combinations are provided.

[0097] In alternative implementations, a therapeutic or preventative combination of medicines or ingredients, such as a nebulizer, inhaler, respirator, or CPAP insert, may be packaged such that a particular combination of medicines or ingredients (e.g., a combination of medicines or ingredients having 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 ingredients or active agents, one, several, or all of which are separately formulated or compounded into a delivery agent, such as a capsule or gel-coated tablet, or a nebulizer, inhaler, respirator, or CPAP insert) is taken by a user daily, every other day, weekly, every two weeks, or every four weeks (i.e., monthly). In alternative implementations, the therapeutic or preventative combination of medicines "packaged" may be designed (e.g., instructing the user) to take the combination of medicines as staggered doses, for example, one administration of the combination of medicines lasting two or three days in a row, staggered by one week before the next two or three-day administration cycle begins.

[0098] In alternative implementations, the therapeutic or preventative medicine or combination of ingredients includes: (1) (a) avermectin drugs, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan or abamectin, optionally at a dose of about 10 mg to 80 mg, or 12 to 60 mg; and (b) chloroquine (optionally, ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™); (2) (1)(a) and (1)(b) and combinations thereof: vitamin D, vitamin D2 (or ergocalciferol), vitamin D3 (or cholecalciferol), optionally in doses of about 10,000 to 100,000 units per day. (3) (1)(a) and (1)(b) and combinations thereof: zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc pyridinecarboxylate), optionally in doses of about 1 mg to 250 mg; (4) (2)(a) and (2)(b) and combinations thereof: zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc pyridinecarboxylate), optionally in doses of about 1 mg to 250 mg; (5) (1)(a) and (1)(b) and a combination of tetracycline drugs, wherein optionally, the tetracycline drugs include doxycycline, or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™, at a dose of approximately 100 mg to 600 mg per day, or optionally approximately 200 mg to 400 mg per day. (6) (2)(a) and (2)(b) and a combination of tetracycline drugs, wherein optionally, the tetracycline drugs include doxycycline, or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™, at a dose of approximately 100 mg to 600 mg per day, or optionally approximately 200 mg to 400 mg per day. (7) (4) and a combination of tetracycline drugs, wherein optionally, the tetracycline drugs include doxycycline, or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™, at a dose of approximately 100 mg to 600 mg per day, or optionally approximately 200 mg to 400 mg per day. Any of the foregoing aspects and implementations may be combined with any other aspects or implementations disclosed in the overview and / or detailed description sections of this document.

[0099] As used in this specification and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a / an” and “the” include plural references.

[0100] Unless otherwise specified or obvious from the context, as used herein, the term “or” is understood to be inclusive and encompasses both “or” and “and”.

[0101] Unless otherwise specified or obvious from the context, as used herein, the term "about" is understood to mean within the normal tolerance range in the field, such as within 2 standard deviations of the mean. "About" can be understood as within 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.01% of the stated value. All numerical values ​​provided herein are modified by the term "about" unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0102] Unless otherwise specified or apparent from the context, as used herein, the terms “substantially all,” “substantially most,” “substantially all,” or “most” cover at least about 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5% or more of the reference amount of the composition.

[0103] The entire contents of each patent, patent application, publication, and document cited herein are incorporated herein by reference. Reference to any of the aforementioned patents, patent applications, publications, and documents does not constitute an admission that any of them is applicable prior art, nor does it constitute any admission of the content or dates of such publications or documents. A separate reference to these documents should not be construed as an assertion or admission that any portion of any document is considered necessary material to satisfy the statutory disclosure requirements of any national or regional patent application. Nevertheless, the right to rely on any such documents where appropriate to provide material that the examining authority or court deems essential to the claimed subject matter is reserved.

[0104] Modifications to the foregoing may be made without departing from the basic aspects of the invention. Although the invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to one or more specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made to the embodiments specifically disclosed herein, and such modifications and improvements remain within the scope and spirit of the invention. The invention described herein can be suitably practiced in the absence of any elements not specifically disclosed herein. Therefore, for example, in each instance herein, any of the terms “comprising,” “substantially consisting of,” and “consisting of” can be replaced by any of the other two terms. Thus, the terms and expressions used are used as descriptive rather than limiting terms, and equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof are not excluded, and it should be recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. Embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following claims.

[0105] The present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments described herein; however, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.

[0106] Example

[0107] The following examples demonstrate that the provided methods and manufactured products can effectively treat, prevent, or improve coronavirus infections caused by viruses of the Orthocoronavirus subfamily, or viruses of the Coronaviridae family, or viruses targeting the Nidovirus target virus, slow the progression of microbial infections, reduce the severity of microbial infections, or prevent microbial infections.

[0108] Example 1: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0109] A 29-year-old traveler returning to Australia after a trip to northern Italy felt he might have contracted a respiratory infection, or even COVID-19. On his flight home, he received the exemplary dedicated preventative inhaler described in this article, which contains (or administers) powdered hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir, combined with zanamivir in an inhalation cartridge or tray (RELENZA™). During the 18-hour flight, he needed to inhale three times. Over the next 6 hours, his sore throat, cough, and muscle pain subsided. He was able to breathe more easily. Given his symptoms, he thought he had typical flu or an early coronavirus infection. Upon arrival in Australia, he underwent a nasopharyngeal swab test, which showed no signs of coronavirus infection. However, a week later, his serological test showed a positive result for IgM antibodies against the coronavirus. This indicated that the inhaler could protect against early coronavirus chest infection, but mucosal exposure still showed the presence of antibodies, thus providing immunity.

[0110] Example 2

[0111] A 48-year-old businessman traveling from Sydney to the United States developed a sore throat upon arrival in Fort Worth, Dallas. Upon arrival at his hotel, he was able to use an exemplary adjustable hair dryer, as provided herein, into which he inserted a tray or container containing various antiviral powders, wherein the tray or container optionally contains the following powders: remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences) and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™); chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) with remdesivir and / or oseltamivir; remdesivir and / or oseltamivir; and opaganide or YELIVA™. Opaganenib and chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™); or, oppaganenib, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally a sustained-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™). After inhaling the powder (which takes about 10 minutes), he continued inhaling air at a temperature of approximately 65°C, slowly adjusting the temperature upwards from around 50°C. He waited another two hours and then repeated the process. Six hours later, his throat improved, and he was able to work normally from then on.

[0112] Although he did not undergo an initial nasal swab test for coronavirus, a serological test several weeks later showed the presence of both IgM and IgG antibodies for COVID-19. This indicates exposure to the coronavirus without exhibiting the full symptoms of coronavirus infection. Using a hairdryer containing heated air and an antiviral agent can treat the infection and prevent the full manifestation of symptoms.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with breathing difficulties. She was immediately fitted with the exemplary ventilator or ventilator provided herein, and the operator inserted a cassette or tray containing antiviral powder (as used or provided in Example 2) into the receiver or inlet slot of the ventilator or ventilator. Upon insertion of the cassette or tray into the port or inlet slot, the cassette or tray operatively engages or connects to the inlet tube or vent of the ventilator or ventilator, and the device begins controlled delivery of the antiviral powder into the ventilator's air delivery tube, thus delivering it to the patient's lungs via positive pressure airflow. The exemplary ventilator or ventilator was programmed to deliver the powder from the cassette over approximately five to ten minutes. The first used cassette or tray was removed, and a new tray or cassette was inserted approximately every two hours over the next 6 to 48 hours, depending on breathing capacity and measured blood oxygen levels. After approximately 48 to 72 hours, the patient's condition began to improve.

[0115] Example 4

[0116] A 52-year-old male is using an exemplary CPAP (Continuous Positive Pressure) device, as provided herein, as part of his daily nightly sleep routine to manage his sleep apnea. After believing he has been exposed to an individual with COVID-19, before wearing the CPAP device's mask at night, he inserts a cartridge or tray containing antiviral powder (as used or provided in Example 2) into the receiving port or air inlet of the CPAP device. Upon insertion, the cartridge or tray operatively engages or connects to the CPAP device's air inlet or vent, and the device begins controlled delivery of the antiviral powder into the ventilator's air delivery tube, thus delivering it to the patient's lungs via positive pressure airflow. The exemplary CPAP device is programmed to deliver the powder from the cartridge over a period of approximately ten to twenty minutes.

[0117] Example 5

[0118] Using manufactured products, medicines, or combinations of medicines and / or methods as described herein to diagnose or treat patients with coronaviruses, such as COVID-19, using the following: (1) Hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) is administered as a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily on the first day, followed by 200 mg twice daily for the next nine or ten days; (2) Azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™) is administered as a loading dose of 500 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 500 mg twice daily on the mornings of days 2, 3, and 4 (MANE). Azithromycin is then discontinued and replaced with doxycycline (e.g., DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) 100 mg twice daily for the remainder of treatment (ten or eleven days). - First, administer a loading dose of 500 mg bid for azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™) on day 1, followed by 500 mg on the mornings of days 2, 3, and 4 (MANE). Then discontinue azithromycin and administer doxycycline 100 mg bid daily for the entire duration of treatment (ten or eleven days or longer) (e.g., DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™). (3) Administer zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc pyridinecarboxylate at a dose of 100 mg MANE each day of treatment. Optionally, the treatment lasts between approximately 10 days and 3 weeks, or between 11 days and 2 weeks, or for approximately 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 days.

[0119] Example 6

[0120] Using manufactured products, medicines, or combinations of medicines and / or methods as described herein to diagnose or treat patients with coronaviruses, such as COVID-19, using the following: (1) Oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) is administered at 75 mg three times daily (tid or tds), or oseltamivir is administered at a total daily dose of about 225 mg to about 450 mg daily (tid). (2) Ritonavir is administered at 50 mg bid and lopinavir at 200 mg bid, or lopinavir and ritonavir are administered bid in the form of a tablet, for example, in the form of KALETRA™ tablets, or in the form of heat-stable granules, optionally in the form of heat-stable pediatric granules (the dosage can be adjusted by using the heat-stable pediatric granules form of KALETRA™). (3) Bismuth subcitrate was administered at 300 mg twice daily; and (4) Administer zinc sulfate at 100 mg MANE each day of treatment. Optionally, the treatment lasts between approximately 5 days and 3 weeks, or between 6 days and 2 weeks, or approximately 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 days.

[0121] Example 7

[0122] Using manufactured products, medicines, or combinations of medicines and / or methods as described herein to diagnose or treat patients with coronaviruses, such as COVID-19, using the following: (1) Hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) is first administered as a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 200 mg twice daily for the remainder of treatment, wherein optionally, treatment lasts between approximately 5 days and 3 weeks, or between 6 days and 2 weeks, or approximately 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 to 14 days. (2) Doxycycline (e.g., DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) is administered at 100 mg bid; (3) Ribavirin or triazole nucleoside (or COPEGUS™, REBETOL™, or VIRAZOLE™) is administered in the morning (MANE) at 400 mg and in the evening (NOCTE) at 600 mg. (4) Favipiravir (or T-705, Avigan, or Favipiravir) 800 mg bid; and (5) Zinc sulfate 100 mg MANE, Optionally, the treatment lasts between approximately 5 days and 3 weeks, or between 6 days and 2 weeks, or approximately 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 to 14 days.

[0123] Example 8

[0124] In alternative embodiments, the manufactured products provided herein include formulations comprising all or any of the following (e.g., for co-formulation or co-administration): hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™), zinc (Zn), vitamin D3 and vitamin C, or any combination thereof, such as hydroxychloroquine, vitamin C, vitamin D (optionally cholecalciferol or vitamin D3), and zinc. In alternative embodiments, all or any of these drugs may be administered in the same manufactured product or device, or using different manufactured products or devices, and all or any of these drugs may also be administered orally or by another route of administration (e.g., IV, IM, or sublingual).

[0125] In alternative embodiments, the manufactured products provided herein include formulations comprising all or any of the following (e.g., for co-formulation or co-administration): hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release or delayed-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), vitamin C, vitamin D (optionally, cholecalciferol or vitamin D3), and zinc, or any combination thereof. In alternative embodiments, all or any of these drugs may be administered in the same manufactured product or device, or using a different manufactured product or device, and all or any of these drugs may also be administered orally or by another route of administration (e.g., IV, IM, or sublingual).

[0126] In alternative implementations, any or all of this therapeutic combination may be administered orally and / or by inhalation (e.g., by using a nebulizer or equivalent). For example, ivermectin may be inhaled and the remaining drugs in the combination may be taken orally.

[0127] In an alternative implementation, a manufactured product comprising all or any of the exemplary formulations described below is provided, which can be administered as described in Groups A and B, which are separate exemplary treatment regimens, wherein the numbers are in milligrams (mg) and each column represents a day (i.e., the first column is day 1 and the last column is day 10):

[0128] Table 1. Dosage regimen for Group A.

[0129]

[0130] Table 2. Dosage regimen for Group B.

[0131] Example 9: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0132] A 42-year-old female patient was initially treated with oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™) after she had contact with a patient who later tested positive for coronaviruses, particularly COVID-19. She received treatment for 4 days but subsequently developed fever, cough, pain, and some difficulty breathing, and blood tests showed she was positive for COVID-19.

[0133] Since the patient is still positive for the 2019-nCoV virus, lopinavir and ritonavir or KALETRA™, ALTRA™, ALUVIA™, KALMELTREX, LOPIMUNE™ or LOPINAVIR™ treatment are now added to the oseltamivir treatment, and the patient’s blood test becomes negative for coronavirus within 48 hours.

[0134] This patient was critically ill, experiencing difficulty breathing and walking, and was expected to die without this new combination of drugs. The combination of drugs described in this article can rapidly clear the coronavirus from a patient's bloodstream, thereby terminating or significantly improving a disease that would otherwise be life-threatening.

[0135] Example 10: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0136] A 47-year-old man returning from travel developed draggles and muscle pain, with a temperature of 37.5°C. He was tested for coronavirus and tested positive for COVID-19 via swab. He began taking a combination of chloroquine 250 mg twice daily, lopinavir 200 mg twice daily, retenofovir 50 mg twice daily, and oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily (optionally, TAMIFLU™).

[0137] His symptoms improved further within three days, and a swab test on the sixth day was negative. The muscle pain also disappeared, and he felt well and was able to be discharged and go home on the seventh day.

[0138] Example 11: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0139] A group of elderly travelers boarded a cruise ship, and many people on board were exposed to the coronavirus COVID-19, which was being tested. This group was given an inhaler as a preventative treatment / treatment, consisting of two inhaled or aerosol doses or 125 mg of chloroquine twice daily. None of them contracted COVID-19 and tested negative for the virus upon returning home after the cruise.

[0140] Example 12: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0141] A 65-year-old female patient presented with a respiratory infection accompanied by shortness of breath, was hospitalized, and tested positive for COVID-19 coronavirus. She was treated with intravenous (IV) remdesivir 10 mg / kg, chloroquine 250 mg twice daily, inhaled interferon, and kaletra™ (lopinavir / ritonavir combination) 50 / 200 mg.

[0142] Over the next week, the patient's shortness of breath initially worsened but subsequently improved, with muscle pain and shortness of breath decreasing. By day 8, their virus test was negative for COVID-19. The patient was discharged on day 12, having fully recovered from coronavirus using this exemplary combination of medications.

[0143] Example 13: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0144] Two Italian patients (one woman and one 69-year-old man with a pre-existing lung condition) who had traveled to India tested positive for coronavirus COVID-19. They were treated with lopinavir 200 mg twice daily, ritonavir 50 mg twice daily, chloroquine 250 mg twice daily, and oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily (TAMIFLU™). The woman tested negative after 7 days of this combination therapy, and the man showed significant improvement with a reduction in COVID-19 viral load. No significant side effects from the administered drug combination were observed.

[0145] Example 14: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0146] A 32-year-old male patient may have contracted coronavirus COVID-19 at a party, testing positive for the virus via nasal swab. Symptoms included loss of taste, muscle aches, fever of 38.9°C, sore throat, cough, and shortness of breath. He was treated by a COVID-19 specialist who prescribed a combination of the following: opaganide or YELIVA™ tid, 200 mg or 300 mg per dose; hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily; lopinavir 200 mg three times daily; ritonavir 50 mg three times daily; and oseltamivir 75 mg tid, one, several, or all of these medications administered alone or in combination orally, intramuscularly, intravenously, and / or by inhalation (e.g., as a single preparation where applicable). The patient's fever gradually subsided, his sense of taste returned, and his cough and sore throat improved after another five days. Shortness of breath gradually improved, but this required more than 20 days (d) of continued treatment, but by day 8, several consecutive swabs were negative for COVID-19.

[0147] Example 15: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0148] A 72-year-old man with a chronic cough suddenly developed a fever, worsening cough, and shortness of breath while hiking. He went to the emergency room, but the antibiotics he was given did not stop the progression of his illness. He saw a respiratory specialist and was found to be positive for COVID-19. He started taking opaganidine or YELIVA™ three times a day, 200 mg or 300 mg each time; and hydroxychloroquine 200 mg three times a day. He continued this treatment and noticed improvement within two days; a swab on the seventh day was negative, and by the 20th day he was completely asymptomatic.

[0149] Example 16: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0150] A 27-year-old female patient tested positive for COVID-19 via nasal swab. Symptoms included muscle pain, sore throat, cough, and shortness of breath. She also complained of significant fatigue. The doctor started her on a combination of hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily (bid), lopinavir 200 mg three times daily (tid), ritonavir 50 mg three times daily (tid), and oseltamivir 75 mg three times daily (tid). Although the cough and sore throat persisted for another two days, the patient's fever subsided after four days. Her shortness of breath gradually improved, and after 12 days of treatment, several consecutive swabs became negative.

[0151] Example 17: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0152] A 73-year-old man experienced loss of smell and taste, followed by muscle aches and pains, a fever of 38.5°C, cough, and sore throat. He then noticed shortness of breath and saw a doctor. The doctor started him on hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily, increasing to three times daily after three days, and azithromycin 50 mg three times daily. Within three days, the patient's fever improved and then disappeared. The patient continued this combination of two medications for a total of 12 days, and subsequent swab tests were negative for coronavirus COVID-19.

[0153] Example 18: Exemplary Treatment Plan

[0154] A 49-year-old patient with a confirmed COVID-19 infection via nasopharyngeal swab was treated with a combination of opaganidine or YELIVA™ 200 mg or 300 mg three times daily, hydroxychloroquine 200 mg three times daily, and azithromycin 50 mg twice daily to relieve symptoms. On day 4 of treatment, a nasal swab showed no coronavirus, and this was confirmed daily until day 14, when a cure was achieved. The patient's symptoms quickly subsided, and they eventually became completely normal and asymptomatic.

[0155] Example 19: Exemplary preventive treatment plan

[0156] Individuals are given an initial loading dose of chloroquine, chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine, administered or initiated at a high dose (e.g., a so-called “loading dose”), such as orally (e.g., a single dose, such as a single tablet, capsule, or pill), IV, or IM at a dose between about 250 mg, 300 mg, 350 mg, 300 mg, or 0.5 g (gm) (500 mg) and 1.5 gm, or between about 400 mg and 1 gm, optionally every 4 to 10 days, or every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days, or up to 20 days or more, followed up with a lower dose between about 50 gm and 200 mg, or about 100 mg of total daily dose, optionally for about one week to one month, and chloroquine, chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine are administered together with the following: - Macrolide drugs, optionally azithromycin, and optionally, macrolide drugs starting at a high dose (e.g., a so-called “loading dose”), optionally, orally (e.g., a single dose, such as a single tablet, capsule, or pill), IV or IM dose between about 400 mg and 0.5 g (gm) (500 mg) and 1 gm, or about 500 mg, optionally every 4 to 10 days, or every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days or up to 20 days or more, followed by a lower dose between about 100 gm and 300 mg, or about 250 mg of total daily dose, optionally continuing for about one week to one month, and / or - Opaganib or YELIVA™, wherein optionally, opagnib is administered at a dose of approximately 100 to 600 mg per day or per dose, or at a dose of approximately 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, or 600 mg per day or per dose, on a QD (once daily), BID (twice daily), or TID (three times daily). Optionally, opaganide or YELIVA™ may also be administered or formulated with antibiotics (optionally, azithromycin or doxycycline), ivermectin (optionally, 12 mg ivermectin, optionally administered on days 1, 3, 6, and 8), hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), and / or zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, optionally, 50 mg daily), and / or Lopinavir in combination with ritonavir (formulated together), or KALETRA™, ALTRA™, ALUVIA™, KALMELTREX, LOPIMUNE™, or LOPINAVIR™.

[0157] Example 20

[0158] Using manufactured products, medicines, or combinations of medicines and / or methods as described herein to diagnose or treat patients with coronaviruses, such as COVID-19, using the following: (1) Hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) is administered as a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 200 mg twice daily for the next nine or ten days; (2) Azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™) is administered as a loading dose of 500 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 500 mg twice daily on the mornings of day 2, 3, and 4, then azithromycin is discontinued and replaced with doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) 100 mg twice daily for the remainder of treatment (ten or eleven days), or - First, administer azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™) as a loading dose of 500 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 500 mg twice daily on the mornings of days 2, 3, and 4 (MANE). Then discontinue azithromycin and administer doxycycline 100 mg twice daily (or approximately 25 mg to 500 mg twice daily) (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) for the entire duration of treatment (ten or eleven days or longer). (3) Administer zinc sulfate at a dose of 100 mg MANE each day of treatment. Optionally, the treatment lasts between approximately 10 days and 3 weeks, or between 11 days and 2 weeks, or for approximately 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 days.

[0159] Example 21

[0160] Using manufactured products, medicines, or combinations of medicines and / or methods as described herein to diagnose or treat patients with coronaviruses, such as COVID-19, using the following: (1) Oseltamivir (optionally, TAMIFLU™) is administered at 75 mg three times daily (tid or tds), or oseltamivir is administered at a total daily dose of about 225 mg to about 450 mg daily (tid). (2) Ritonavir is administered at 50 mg bid and lopinavir at 200 mg bid, or lopinavir and ritonavir are administered bid in the form of a tablet, optionally in the form of KALETRA™ tablets, or in the form of heat-stable granules, optionally in the form of heat-stable pediatric granules (the dosage can be adjusted by using the heat-stable pediatric granules of KALETRA™). (3) Bismuth subcitrate was administered at 300 mg twice daily; and (4) Administer zinc sulfate at 100 mg MANE each day of treatment. Optionally, the treatment lasts between approximately 5 days and 3 weeks, or between 6 days and 2 weeks, or approximately 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 days.

[0161] Example 22

[0162] Using manufactured products, medicines, or combinations of medicines and / or methods as described herein to diagnose or treat patients with coronaviruses, such as COVID-19, using the following: (1) Hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) is first administered as a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by 200 mg twice daily for the remainder of treatment, wherein, optionally, treatment lasts between approximately 5 days and 3 weeks, or between 6 days and 2 weeks, or approximately 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 to 14 days. (2) Doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) is administered at a dose of about 25 to about 600 mg bid, or about 50 to about 500 mg bid, or about 100 to about 500 mg bid, or about 100 mg bid. (3) Ribavirin or triazole nucleoside (or COPEGUS™, REBETOL™, or VIRAZOLE™) is administered in the morning (MANE) at 400 mg and in the evening (NOCTE) at 600 mg. (4) Favipiravir (or T-705, Avigan, or Favipiravir) 800 mg bid; and (5) Zinc sulfate 100 mg MANE, Optionally, the treatment lasts between approximately 5 days and 3 weeks, or between 6 days and 2 weeks, or approximately 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 to 14 days.

[0163] Example 23

[0164] In alternative embodiments, formulations or methods of administration of co-formulated or co-administered drug regimens are provided, including: hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), avermectin drugs such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxicritin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slacritin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxicritin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin; zinc (Zn); vitamin (Vit) D3; and vitamin C, or any combination thereof, such as hydroxychloroquine, vitamin C, vitamin D (optionally, cholecalciferol, vitamin D3, or calcidiol), and zinc.

[0165] In alternative implementations, formulations or methods of administration are provided for co-formulated or co-administered drug regimens comprising: hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral sustained-release or extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), vitamin C, vitamin D (optionally, cholecalciferol, vitamin D3 or calcidiol), and zinc, or any combination thereof.

[0166] In alternative implementations, any or all of this therapeutic combination may be administered orally and / or by inhalation (e.g., by using a nebulizer or equivalent). For example, ivermectin may be inhaled and the remaining drugs in the combination may be taken orally.

[0167] In alternative implementations, exemplary formulations or methods of administration for the drug regimens shown below (Groups C and D are separate exemplary treatment regimens), where numbers are in milligrams (mg) and each column represents a day (i.e., the first column is day 1 and the last column is day 10):

[0168] Alternatively, alternative group C received 12 mg of ivermectin on days 1, 3, 6, and 8:

[0169] Example 24

[0170] A 67-year-old man with cough, fever, muscle aches, and an oxygen saturation level of 95% (down from 97%) was treated after testing positive for Covid-19. He was given colchicine (or COLCRYS™, or MITIGARE™) 0.5 mg daily for 14 days, and hydroxychloroquine (or PLAQUENIL™) 200 mg twice daily. He was also given zinc, such as zinc picolinate, 50 mg daily for 14 days. No antibiotics were used. Two days after starting treatment, his oxygen saturation was 96%, and it recovered to 97% on the fourth day. Over the next 7 days, his cough improved, his fever disappeared, but his muscle aches and pains took slightly longer to subside.

[0171] Example 25

[0172] In another instance, the wife of an ICU physician who had previously tested positive for Covid-19 began experiencing symptoms of the infection, most likely acquired at home. Coughing was her primary symptom, and she also lost her sense of taste and smell. Her pulse oximeter reading remained at 96%, unlike her previous readings. She began taking colchicine (or COLCRYS™ or MITIGARE™) 0.5 mg twice daily for 14 days, and ivermectin 6 mg twice daily for the first 5 days, then 6 mg every morning. Her cough reversed within 2 weeks, but within 5 days of treatment, she felt much better and more energetic, and her sense of smell and taste began to return around the same time.

[0173] Example 26

[0174] In another instance, a 71-year-old male patient was taking 0.6 mg of colchicine twice daily for chronic constipation; this treatment is a well-validated and tested therapy. He also had diabetes, hypertension, and mild congestive heart failure. He developed a flu-like illness with cough, sore throat, muscle aches and pains, which later developed into fever and eventually loss of smell after about 4 or 5 days. Standard treatment for his cold did not improve his symptoms, and he underwent a swab test to look for Covid-19. The test was positive, and the patient added hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily and ivermectin 12 mg to his colchicine treatment on days 1, 3, 6, and 8. At this stage, his oximeter reading dropped to 92% and he had considerable difficulty breathing. Two days after starting the treatment, it was noticed that his fever had subsided, but his cough persisted. At this point, zinc sulfate 220 mg / day and azithromycin 250 mg were added every morning for 5 days. The patient showed significant improvement, with his oximeter reading rising to 95% and subsequently to 97%. His "cold" symptoms continued to improve, and his cough resolved on the 14th day. Subsequent throat swab tests were negative.

[0175] Example 27

[0176] In another example, colchicine (or COLCRYS™, or MITIGARE™) used in the two examples above may be formulated or administered in combination with: hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) and / or avermectin drugs such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxifloxacin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), slavin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxifloxacin, or nemactin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), irinotecan, or abamectin; and optionally, colchicine (or COLCRYS™, or MITIGARE™) may also be formulated or administered in combination with: zinc (Zn); vitamin (Vit). D3; and vitamin C, or any combination thereof, such as colchicine (or COLCRYS™, or MITIGARE™), with or without hydroxychloroquine, vitamin C, vitamin D (optionally, cholecalciferol, vitamin D3, or calcidiol) and / or zinc.

[0177] Example 28

[0178] A 74-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with shortness of breath. His oximeter reading was 91%. His daughter contacted the clinic, attempting to persuade the hospital doctor to treat the patient with a hydroxychloroquine-based therapy. Because convincing the prescribing doctor to begin such treatment would take a long time, she was given medication obtained from a local pharmacy. The patient had already been given intravenous remdesivir but was unresponsive. His new treatment was to continue remdesivir, but add hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily (bid, or BD). Additionally, azithromycin 250 mg was given every morning for the first 5 days, and zinc sulfate 50 mg (base) daily for the entire 10-day treatment. His improvement was rapid, and within the first 2 days, his oximeter reading rose to 95%. Intravenous treatment was discontinued, and he continued with hydroxychloroquine for the entire 10 days, while azithromycin was administered for the first 5 days. His ECG monitoring was normal. He was discharged home with an oximeter reading of 96%.

[0179] Example 29

[0180] In another instance, a 56-year-old performer contracted COVID-19 at home from a family member who was already infected. Her illness was characterized by flu-like symptoms, including cough, sneezing, fever, muscle aches, pains, and loss of smell. Her pulse oximeter reading did not drop below 96%, but she still experienced considerable difficulty breathing at rest. Due to an allergy to azithromycin, she was treated in the same manner as the 74-year-old patient discussed above; however, instead of azithromycin, she was given doxycycline 200 mg twice daily (bid, or BD) and doxycycline 100 mg twice daily, along with zinc sulfate (50 mg daily). The entire treatment lasted 10 days, and by day 8, most of her COVID-19 symptoms had resolved. Her initial throat swab was positive, but by day 14, her COVID-19 swab was now negative.

[0181] Example 30

[0182] In another instance, two patients with positive Covid-19 throat swabs were treated with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily and clarithromycin 250 mg twice daily instead of azithromycin or doxycycline. Clarithromycin was administered along with 50 mg of zinc sulfate every morning for the entire 10-day course. ECGs were normal. In addition to these medications, the patients also received 5000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 IU of vitamin C daily throughout the treatment. By day 12, both of their throat swabs were negative.

[0183] Example 31: Combinations containing ivermectin

[0184] Seventy-eight patients were treated with a single 10-day regimen consisting of 12 mg of ivermectin on days 1, 3, and 8. They were also treated with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily throughout the 10-day period. They were also treated with a combination of 220 mg of zinc sulfate daily in the morning, along with 5000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 IU of vitamin C, each taken in the morning. Their swab tests for Covid-19 were positive between days 2 and 7 prior to the start of treatment.

[0185] This group presented with a variety of Covid-19 symptoms, and a decrease in oximeter readings to 86% was observed, which gradually returned to normal at different times during treatment. As confirmed by swab tests, all patients were cured of Covid-19, even those who were severely ill, short of breath, extremely fatigued, and had low oximeter readings. Some were receiving external treatment with hydroxychloroquine alone. Adding the ivermectin regimen as described above led to a rapid recovery for these patients. Thirty-four of these patients wore monitoring devices that sent ECG tracks back to base, and no abnormal arrhythmias occurred while using the triple anti-Covid-19 regimen.

[0186] Example 32

[0187] In another instance, 288 patients were treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily for 10 days, with azithromycin 250 mg twice daily for the first 5 days. In addition to these medications, they were also treated with 5000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 mg of vitamin C daily. Each of these was taken daily for 10 days. The patients' nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for Covid-19. They began treatment between 2 and 9 days after the initial diagnosis via swab. All patients experienced typical symptoms of Covid-19 infection of varying severity, but none were hospitalized. Symptoms included fever, cough, muscle aches, shortness of breath, fatigue, and, in a small percentage of these patients, loss of taste and smell. Some also experienced diarrhea.

[0188] As determined by negative swabs after 14 days, the infection reversed in about six of these patients, although some had swabs taken between 10 and 14 days. Six were considered not cured because they still had symptoms and tested positive for swabs. They were then treated with ivermectin triple therapy (ivermectin 12 mg on days 1, 3, and 8; doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10 days; zinc sulfate 220 mg every morning, combined with vitamin D3 5000 IU and vitamin C 1000 IU, each taken in the morning) and recovered.

[0189] Example 33: Combinations containing adamantane

[0190] A 65-year-old patient sought help due to a seven-day history of chronic cough, muscle aches and pains, fatigue, fever, and loss of smell. He started with amantadine 100 mg daily for the first two days, increasing it to 100 mg twice daily for the next 10 days. He was also given colchicine 0.6 mg twice daily. Crucially, he was also treated with oxygen therapy, as well as vitamin D 5000 IU and vitamin C 1 g / day. Under this treatment, he improved within just three days, and by the seventh day of treatment, he still had a cough and muscle aches, but were somewhat better, though still very fatigued. He stopped coughing around day 14 and was able to return to work three weeks later.

[0191] Example 34: Combinations containing cyclosporine

[0192] A 47-year-old female nurse working in the intensive care unit developed symptoms of COVID-19 infection. She developed a rash, runny nose, muscle aches, cough, and eventually some shortness of breath. Her pulse oximeter reading was 92 and she was advised to be hospitalized. She was chosen to be treated with a combination of cyclosporine at a dose of 3 mg / kg (180 mg daily) with 12 mg ivermectin once a day plus 50 mg zinc alkali and doxycycline 100 mg twice a day, all for 10 days. She started treatment when her pulse oximeter reading was 92%, and within three days, her pulse oximeter rose to 95%, and by the seventh day it rose to 97%. Her side effects of loosemotions and cramps were minor, but her nasopharyngeal swab was negative on day 12.

[0193] Several embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, it is understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A manufactured product fabricated or manufactured as an inhaler, asthma "puffer" device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent for delivering a drug or medicament, and optionally, the inhaler, asthma "puffer" device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent is a hand-held device or other form of portable device, and optionally, the device is a metered or dose-counting inhaler or nasal spray device, and optionally, the inhaler, asthma "puffer" device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent further comprises a cartridge, a packet, an interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder) or reservoir (optionally refillable reservoir) in or on the manufactured product, or a detachable cartridge or packet or interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder) insertable into a slot or port on the manufactured product, or a separate reservoir or container operatively connected, coupled or joined to the manufactured product, which includes a drug or medicament, and optionally, the inhaler, asthma "puffer" device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent is designed, manufactured or configured to deliver a powder or a liquid aerosol, spray or mist, and optionally, the cartridge, packet or interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder) includes an adjustable value that regulates or modulates the amount of medicament or drug delivered to a user of the inhaler, asthma "puffer" device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent, and optionally, the manufactured product does not include a filter, and optionally, the manufactured product includes at least one air filter, optionally a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or a high efficiency particulate absorbing and high efficiency particulate capturing air filter or an air filter capable of filtering out airborne viruses, and optionally, the manufactured product further comprises or is operatively connected to an air ionizer, or a device capable of generating or producing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, and optionally, the air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions is configured in or operatively connected to the manufactured product such that ionized air or air containing electrons and / or ions is delivered, optionally as a forced air or positive air pressure air stream, to a patient, to the nose and / or mouth of a user, and optionally to the trachea, bronchi or lungs.

2. A manufactured product fabricated or manufactured as a medical device capable of delivering: (a) hot air or warm air or humidified air, optionally as a forced air or positive air pressure air stream, to the nose and / or mouth of a user, and optionally to the trachea, bronchi or lungs, and / or (b) ionized air or air containing electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, to the nose and / or mouth of a user, and optionally to the trachea, bronchi or lungs, wherein optionally, the medical device is fabricated or manufactured as a hand-held device, and optionally, the medical device is fabricated or manufactured as a respirator or ventilator, a CPAP (continuous positive air pressure) device (optionally for managing or treating sleep apnea), an inhaler, an asthma puffer or nebulizer, and optionally, the manufactured product will deliver forced or positive air pressure air flow, or warm or hot air and / or humidified air, or room temperature air, and / or ionized air directly into the mouth and / or nose of the user, and optionally, the forced or positive air pressure air flow and / or room temperature air, hot or warm air is delivered or penetrates through the nose to the sinuses and turbinates, down the trachea, and into the main and bronchiole bronchi, and optionally, the manufactured product includes a control or dial for setting or adjusting the warmth or heat of the air and / or the force of the air delivery into the nose or mouth, bronchi and lungs of the user, and optionally, the manufactured product is battery powered, and optionally, the manufactured product includes a mouthpiece or mask (optionally a disposable mouthpiece or mask) to fit or place the device on the mouth and / or nose for forced air delivery, and optionally, the mouthpiece or mask can fit over the nose and / or mouth for simultaneous delivery of air to or into the nose and mouth, and optionally, the manufactured product includes a refillable, replaceable and / or disposable cartridge, packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder), or drug-containing module disposed on or in the medical device, or a detachable cartridge or packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder) insertable into a slot or port on the manufactured product, or a separate reservoir or container operatively connected, coupled or joined to the manufactured product, and optionally, the refillable, replaceable and / or disposable cartridge, packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder), or drug-containing module includes a drug or pharmaceutical, and optionally, the drug or pharmaceutical includes an asthma or anti-microbial (e.g., anti-viral) drug, or an antibiotic agent or drug (optionally gentamicin), a biofilm dissolving agent (optionally PULMOZYME™), an anticholinergic (optionally tiotropium or SPIRIVA™), a bronchodilator, a steroid, a corticosteroid, an anti-leukotriene or asthma drug (optionally formoterol, salbutamol, albuterol or VENTOLIN™), an antifungal agent, itraconazole (e.g., SPORANOX™, SPORAZ™, ORUNGAL™), an anti-inflammatory agent, or any formulation or drug combination as described in any of the preceding claims, and optionally, the manufactured product includes at least one air filter, optionally a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or a high efficiency particulate absorbing and high efficiency particulate arresting air filter or an air filter capable of filtering out airborne viruses, and optionally, the manufactured product includes a mouthpiece or mask (optionally a disposable mouthpiece or mask) to fit or place the device on the mouth and / or nose for forced air delivery, and optionally, the mouthpiece or mask can fit over the nose and / or mouth for simultaneous delivery of air to or into the nose and mouth, and optionally, the manufactured product includes a refillable, replaceable and / or disposable cartridge, packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder), or drug-containing module disposed on or in the medical device, or a detachable cartridge or packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder) insertable into a slot or port on the manufactured product, or a separate reservoir or container operatively connected, coupled or joined to the manufactured product, and optionally, the refillable, replaceable and / or disposable cartridge, packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder), or drug-containing module includes a drug or pharmaceutical, and optionally, the drug or pharmaceutical includes an asthma or anti-microbial (e.g., anti-viral) drug, or an antibiotic agent or drug (optionally gentamicin), a biofilm dissolving agent (optionally PULMOZYME™), an anticholinergic (optionally tiotropium or SPIRIVA™), a bronchodilator, a steroid, a corticosteroid, an anti-leukotriene or asthma drug (optionally formoterol, salbutamol, albuterol or VENTOLIN™), an antifungal agent, itraconazole (e.g., SPORANOX™, SPORAZ™, ORUNGAL™), an anti-inflammatory agent, or any formulation or drug combination as described in any of the preceding claims, and optionally, the manufactured product includes at least one air filter, optionally a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or a high efficiency particulate absorbing and high efficiency particulate arresting air filter or an air filter capable of filtering out airborne viruses, and optionally, the manufactured product includes a mouthpiece or mask (optionally a disposable mouthpiece or mask) to fit or place the device on the mouth and / or nose for forced air delivery, and optionally, the mouthpiece or mask can fit over the nose and / or mouth for simultaneous delivery of air to or into the nose and mouth, and optionally, the manufactured product includes a refillable, replaceable and / or disposable cartridge, packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder), or drug-containing module disposed on or in the medical device, or a detachable cartridge or packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder) insertable into a slot or port on the manufactured product, or a separate reservoir or container operatively connected, coupled or joined to the manufactured product, and optionally, the refillable, replaceable and / or disposable cartridge, packet, interchangeable tray (e.g., for holding a powder), or drug-containing module includes a drug or pharmaceutical, and optionally, the drug or pharmaceutical includes an asthma or anti-microbial (e.g., anti-viral) drug, or an antibiotic agent or drug (optionally gentamicin), a biofilm dissolving agent (optionally PULMOZYME™), an anticholinergic (optionally tiotropium or SPIRIVA™), a bronchodilator, a steroid, a corticosteroid, an anti-leukotriene or asthma drug (optionally formoterol, salbutamol, albuterol or VENTOLIN™), an antifungal agent, itraconazole (e.g., SPORANOX™, SPORAZ™, ORUNGAL™), an anti-inflammatory agent, or any formulation or drug combination as described in any of the preceding claims, and optionally, the manufactured product includes at least one air filter, optionally a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter or a high efficiency particulate absorbing and high efficiency particulate arresting air filter or an air filter capable of filtering out airborne viruses, and optionally, the article of manufacture further comprises or is operably connected to an air ionizer, or a device capable of producing or generating electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions, and such air ionizer or device capable of generating electrons and / or ions is operably connected to the article of manufacture, such that ionized air or air containing electrons and / or ions is delivered to the patient, optionally as a forced air or positive air pressure air stream, to the nose and / or mouth of the user, and optionally to the trachea, bronchi or lungs, and optionally the air ionizer or device capable of producing or generating electrons and / or negatively charged oxygen ions and / or positively charged ions is connected to an inlet of a ventilator as provided herein.

3. An article of manufacture as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the drug or pharmaceutical combination comprises: A therapeutic combination of one or more drugs, a pharmaceutical dosage form, a drug delivery device, or an article of manufacture, comprising: (a) olaparib or YELIVA™; or olaparib or YELIVA™ and oral and / or inhaled or aerosol chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™); or olaparib, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™, or AZITHROCIN™, optionally a sustained release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), wherein optionally, each or both of the olaparib and the chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and / or azithromycin are present in or formulated as an inhaled formulation, e.g., formulated as an aerosol, liquid or powder, or each or both are formulated for oral, intramuscular or intravenous administration, wherein optionally, the olaparib is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to 600 mg per day or per dose, or at a dose of about 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg or 600 mg per day or per dose, at a dose of QD (once a day), bid (twice a day) or tid (three times a day), wherein optionally, each or both of the olaparib and the chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and / or azithromycin are present in or formulated as an inhaled formulation, e.g., formulated as an aerosol, liquid or powder, or each or both are formulated for oral, intramuscular or intravenous administration, wherein optionally, the olaparib is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to 600 mg per day or per dose, or at a dose of about 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg or 600 mg per day or per dose, at a dose of QD (once a day), bid (twice a day) or tid (three times a day), (b) an avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™, SOOLANTRA™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, optionally administered and / or applied at about 5 micrograms per kilogram to about 1 gram (g) per day, optionally formulated or applied at about 1 mg to 10 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 120 mg, 140 mg, 160 mg, 180 mg, 200 mg, 220 mg, or 240 mg per day, or between about 1 mg to 240 mg per day, or about 3 mg to 300 mg per day, optionally formulated or applied with an antibiotic (optionally, azithromycin, minocycline, amoxicillin, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, hydroxychloroquine, or doxycycline, and optionally, the doxycycline is about 25 mg to 600 mg per dose or per day, or about 100 mg per dose or per day, and optionally, the azithromycin is about 50 mg to 2000 mg per dose or per day), optionally as a single dose or divided doses, and optionally, formulated and applied as an inhalant or a mist (optionally, using a nebulizer, a nasal sprayer, or equivalent), optionally formulated as an aerosol, a spray, a mist, a liquid, or a powder, optionally formulated as an aerosol, a spray, a mist, a liquid, or a powder, (c) lopinavir, ritonavir, and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); (d) lopinavir in combination (formulated together) with ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), or lopinavir and ritonavir in combination, or KALETRA™, ALTERA™, ALUVIA™, KALMELTREX, or LOPIMUNE™, and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™), and optionally, the lopinavir, the ritonavir, and / or the zanamivir are formulated separately; (e) lopinavir (or KALETRA™, ALTERA™, ALUVIA™, KALMELTREX or LOPIMUNE™) in combination (co-formulation) with ritonavir, or lopinavir and ritonavir, and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™), and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™), optionally, also an inhaled or aerosol formulation or form of chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), and / or concurrent oral chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™); (f) lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), chloroquine, and oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); wherein optionally, the chloroquine comprises inhaled or aerosol chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and / or concurrent oral chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™); (g) lopinavir and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); (h) ritonavir (optionally NORVIR™) and oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); (i) remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences) alone, or oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), and optionally, the remdesivir is an oral formulation and / or an inhaled or aerosol remdesivir formulation; (j) oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and efavirenz (e.g., SUSTIVA™), and / or zanamivir (RELENZA™); (k) oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and nevirapine (or a combination of efavirenz with emtricitabine and tenofovir (optionally tenofovir or disoproxil or VIREAD™), or ATRIPLA™); (l) oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™) and amprenavir (e.g., AGENERASE™); (m) oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™) and nelfinavir (e.g., VIRACEPT™); or (n) a thiazolide, optionally nitazoxanide (or ALINIA™ or NIZONIDE™) or tizoxanide (or 2-hydroxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide), in combination with any of (a) to (i) or a thiazolide (e.g., nitazoxanide or tizoxanide) and oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™); (o) plitidepsin (also known as dehydrodidemnin B) or APLIDIN™ (PharmaMar, S.A.); (p) a suppressor of tumorigenicity or S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), or a Dioscin, or niclosamide, or NICLOCIDE™, FENASAL™ or PHENASAL™; (q) ribavirin or ribavirin (or COPEGUS™, REBETOL™, or VIRAZOLE™), interferon beta 1 b, or a combination of ribavirin and interferon beta, or a combination of lopinavir and ritonavir (optionally NORVIR™) and interferon-beta-1 b; (r) abacavir, acyclovir (e.g., ACICLOVIR™), adefovir, amantadine, ampligen, amprenavir (e.g., AGENERASE™), aprepitant, arbidol, atazanavir, tenofovir, combinations of efavirenz and emtricitabine and tenofovir (or ATRIPLA™), balapavirine, baloxavir marboxil (XOFLUZA™), bepotastine (or TALION™, BEPREVE™), bevirimat, bictegravir, binetrakin, brivudine, cidofovir, caspofungin, lamivudine and zidovudine (e.g., COMBVIR™), combivir, colistimethate, cocaine, darunavir, delavirdine, delavirdine, didanosine, docosanol, dolutegravir, eculirna, edoxudine, efavirenz (optionally, SUSTIVA™), elvitegravir, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, entecavir, epirubicin, epoprostenol, etravirine, famciclovir, fomivirsen, fostamatinib, foscarnet, phosphonoacetic acid, ibacitabine, ibalizumab, idoxuridine, ifenprodil, imiquimod, isoprinosine, indinavir, inosine, interferon (optionally, Type I interferon, Type II interferon, and / or Type III interferon), lamivudine, lopinavir, loviride, ledipasvir, lema nonamab, maraviroc, meglumine antimonate, methisazone, monu piroc, moroxydine, nelfinavir (or VIRACEPT™), nevirapine, nelfinavir, nitazoxanide, novir, nucleoside analogues (optionally, brincidofovir, didanosine, favipiravir (also known as T-705, avigan or favilavir, Toyama Chemical, Fujifilm, Japan), vidarabine, galidesivir (e.g., BCX4430,IMMUCILLIN-A™), remdesivir (e.g., GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), cytarabine, gemcitabine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, abacavir, acyclovir, entecavir, stavudine, telbivudine, vidarabine, and / or trifluridine or any combination thereof), oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™), peginterferon alfa-2a, penciclovir, peramivir (e.g., RAPIVAB™), perphenazine, pleconaril, pradofloxacin, podophyllotoxin, pyrimidine, raltegravir, rifampin, ribavirin, or triazol nucleoside (or COPEGUS™, REBETOL™, or VIRAZOLE™), lifamavirin, mebendazole, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), saquinavir, sofosbuvir (optionally, SOFORAL™, SOLVALDI™), stavudine, telaprevir, tegobuvir, tenofovir (optionally, tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil or VIREAD™), tipranavir, trifluridine, trizivir, tromantadine, truvada, valacyclovir (e.g., VALTREX™), valganciclovir, valrubicin, vapiprost, vicriviroc, vidarabine, viiramidine, velpatasvir, viramune, zalcitabine, zanamivir (e.g., RELENZA™), zidovudine, an immunosuppressive drug (optionally, tocilizumab or atacicept, or ACTEMRA™, or ROACTEMRA™), or any combination thereof; (s) a mucolytic therapy or agent, optionally acetylcysteine, ambroxol, bromhexine, carbocysteine, erdosteine, methylcysteine or dornase alpha, or an expectorant, optionally guaifenesin; (t) a viral or coronavirus or COVID-19, a protease suppressor, and optionally the protease suppressor comprises: ASC09 (CAS Registry Number 1000287-05-7) (Janssen Research and Development, LLC), lopinavir, ritonavir (or NORVIR™) or ASC09 and ritonavir, a JAK1 / 2 suppressor (optionally, baricitinib); Compound 11r (University of Lubeck, Germany, see, e.g., Zhang et al. J. Med Chem 2020, 2020 Feb 11), PF-07321332 (PFIZER); PF-07304814 (PFIZER); or darunavir, cominostat or danoprevir and cominostat; (u) an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) suppressor, optionally blocking the site of interaction of the viral spike protein to control anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection; (v) an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (optionally VEGF-A) agent or antibody, optionally bevacizumab; (w) a protease suppressor, optionally danoprevir, optionally a serine protease suppressor, optionally or narlaprevir (optionally, ARLANSA™), camostat or camostat mesylate (or FOIPAN™); (x) an anti-PD-1 checkpoint suppressor, optionally camrelizumab; (y) a compound or antibody capable of binding complement factor C5 and blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex, optionally eculizumab; (z) a cathepsin suppressor, optionally a cathepsin K, B or L suppressor, optionally relacatib; (aa) thalidomide, or thalidomide and a glucocorticoid (optionally, a low dose glucocorticoid), or thalidomide and celecoxib; (bb) an antibacterial antibiotic, a macrolide antibiotic or a macrolide agent, wherein optionally, the macrolide drug comprises azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally a sustained release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), clarithromycin (e.g., BIAXIN™), erythromycin (e.g., ERYTHROCIN™), or fidaxomicin (e.g., DIFICID™ or DIFICLIR™), troleandomycin (e.g., TEKMISIN™), tylosin (e.g., TYLOCINE™ or TYLAN™), solithromycin (e.g., SOLITHERA™), oleandomycin (or SIGMAMYCINE™), midecamycin, rokitamycin, narbomycin, josamycin, carbomycin or coumermycin, and / or spiramycin, and optionally, the macrolide antibiotic comprises an avermectin drug, such as ivermectin (optionally STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, and optionally, the antibacterial agent, optionally azithromycin (optionally ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally a sustained release formulation of azithromycin for oral administration, or ZMAX™) or a tetracycline drug, such as doxycycline, is formulated and / or administered with an avermectin drug, such as ivermectin (optionally STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), and optionally, the antibacterial antibiotic comprises an anti-mycobacterial drug, and optionally, the anti-mycobacterial drug comprises clofazimine (optionally LAMPRENE™), optionally administered at a dose of about 100 mg per day, or about 50 mg to 150 mg per day, and optionally further comprising colchicine; and optionally, the macrolide drug, optionally azithromycin, is administered at a dose of about 100 mg to 200 mg per day, or about 25 mg to 100 mg three times per day (tid), or 50 mg tid, wherein optionally, the antibacterial antibiotic or the macrolide drug, optionally azithromycin, is formulated for normal release or is formulated as a delayed release formulation, wherein optionally, the antibacterial antibiotic or the macrolide drug, optionally azithromycin, is formulated for normal release or is formulated as a delayed release formulation, and optionally the antibacterial antibiotic comprises a tetracycline drug comprising one or more of: a glycylcycline or a fluoroquinolone drug or an analog thereof, and optionally the tetracycline drug comprises: a tetracycline, a glycylcycline or a fluoroquinolone drug or an analog thereof comprising or being: tetracycline or SUMYCIN™; chlortetracycline or AUREOMYCIN™; terramycin; demeclocycline or DECLOMYCIN™, DECLOSTATIN™, LEDERMYCIN™, BIOTERCICLIN™, DEGANOL™, DETECLO™, DETRAVIS™, MECICLIN™, MEXOCINE™, CLORTETRIN™; lymecycline; meclocycline; metacycline; minocycline or MINOCIN™; rolitetracycline; doxycycline or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™; tigecycline or TYGACIL™; iclaprim or XERAVA™; sarecycline or SEYSARA™; omadacycline or NUZYRA™; or any combination thereof; (cc) chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), or chloroquine, chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™) with any of (a) through (cc) (or formulated together therewith) or in combination; (dd) chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) alone or with: (i) an avermectin drug such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, optionally at a dose of about 10 mg to 80 mg or about 6 mg to 60 mg dose, or 12 mg to 60 mg dose, and / or (ii) vitamin D, vitamin D2 (or ergocalciferol), vitamin D3 (or cholecalciferol), optionally at a dose of about 3,000 units to 100,000 units per day, or (iii) (i) and (ii) and zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc picolinate), optionally at a dose of about 1 mg to 250 mg; or (i) an avermectin drug such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, optionally at a dose of about 10 mg to 80 mg or about 6 mg to 60 mg dose, or 12 mg to 60 mg dose, and / or (iv) a combination of (iii) and a tetracycline drug, wherein optionally the tetracycline drug comprises doxycycline, or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™, optionally at a dosage of about 100 mg to 600 mg per day, optionally about 200 mg to 400 mg; (ee) colchicine, or COLCRYS™, MITIGARE™; (ff) a corticosteroid drug, such as budesonide (optionally RHINOCORT™ or PULMICORT™), prednisolone (optionally ORAPRED™), methylprednisolone, prednisone (optionally DELTASONE™ or ORASONE™), or hydrocortisone (optionally CORTEF™), and optionally the corticosteroid drug (e.g., budesonide) is administered by inhalation, e.g., in an aerosolized form, e.g., about 1 mg to 12 mg of budesonide per day by inhalation, or about 6 mg to 80 mg of prednisolone per day by oral administration, or about 6 mg to 100 mg of prednisone per day by oral administration, or about 30 mg to 400 mg of hydrocortisone per day by oral administration, and optionally the corticosteroid drug is formulated as a powder or for administration in an inhaler or by nasal nebulizer, or for rectal administration, and optionally the corticosteroid drug (e.g., budesonide) is administered with or in combination with an antibiotic drug (optionally azithromycin or a tetracycline drug) at 10 mg to 80 mg, and optionally the corticosteroid drug (e.g., budesonide) is administered with or in combination with an avermectin drug, such as ivermectin (optionally STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, an antibiotic drug (optionally azithromycin (optionally ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally at about 50 mg to about 2000 mg per dose or per day, optionally an oral sustained release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) or a tetracycline drug, optionally doxycycline), zinc, and / or vitamins (optionally vitamin D, D2 (or ergocalciferol), D3 (or cholecalciferol or calcifediol), C, E, B12, B6); (gg) an anti-androgen drug, optionally bicalutamide, optionally CASODEX™, and optionally, the anti-androgen, optionally bicalutamide, is administered with or in combination with an avermectin drug, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin; (hh) hydrocortisone or cortisone (optionally, CORTEF™, SOLUCORTEF™), optionally hydrocortisone sodium succinate or hydrocortisone acetate, or dexamethasone (optionally, DEXTENZA™, OZURDEX™, NEOFORDEX™); (ii) an a-ketamide, wherein optionally, the a-ketamide is a structure as described in Zhang et al., J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, 9, 4562-4578 or Meng et al. Chem. Sci. (2019) Volume 10, Page 5156 (optionally, structure KAM-2), and optionally, the a-ketamide is formulated or administered as an inhalant or powder or mist, and optionally, is formulated or administered (optionally, as an inhalant) with an avermectin drug, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin; an antibiotic (optionally, azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) or a tetracycline drug, optionally, the tetracycline drug includes doxycycline (or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™)); chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™); zinc; remdesivir (optionally, GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences); oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™); and / or hydrocortisone; or any combination thereof; (ii) an a-ketamide, wherein optionally, the a-ketamide is a structure as described in Zhang et al., J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, 9, 4562-4578 or Meng et al. Chem. Sci. (2019) Volume 10, Page 5156 (optionally, structure KAM-2), and optionally, the a-ketamide is formulated or administered as an inhalant or powder or mist, and optionally, is formulated or administered (optionally, as an inhalant) with an avermectin drug, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin; an antibiotic (optionally, azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) or a tetracycline drug, optionally, the tetracycline drug includes doxycycline (or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™)); chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™); zinc; remdesivir (optionally, GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences); oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™); and / or hydrocortisone; or any combination thereof; (jj) an avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin, optionally administered and / or applied at about 5 micrograms per kilogram to about 1 gram (g) per day, optionally formulated or applied at about 1 mg to 10 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 120 mg, 140 mg, 160 mg, 180 mg, 200 mg, 220 mg, or 240 mg per day, or about 1 mg to 240 mg per day, or about 3 mg to 240 mg per day, optionally formulated or applied with an antibiotic (optionally, azithromycin, minocycline, amoxicillin, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, hydroxychloroquine, or doxycycline, and optionally, the doxycycline is about 25 mg to 600 mg per dose or per day, or about 100 mg per dose or per day, and optionally, the azithromycin is about 50 mg to 2000 mg per dose or per day), optionally as a single dose or divided doses, and optionally, formulated and applied as an inhalant or a mist (optionally, using a nebulizer, a nasal sprayer, or equivalent), optionally formulated as an aerosol, a spray, a mist, a liquid, or a powder, optionally formulated as an aerosol, a spray, a mist, a liquid, or a powder, and optionally, the avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin is formulated and / or applied with chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), with or without zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc picolinate), and optionally, this combination is administered once every week, or every two weeks, or every 5 days to 28 days as a prophylactic treatment, and optionally, the avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin is administered alone in the morning (AM) and the antibiotic (optionally, doxycycline) and / or chloroquine (optionally, ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) is administered in the afternoon and / or evening, and optionally, the avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin is administered alone for 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, or up to 20 days or more days, followed by administration of the antibiotic (optionally, doxycycline) for a corresponding period of time, and optionally, the dosing cycle is repeated; and optionally, the avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin is formulated or administered with: (i) at least one antibiotic (wherein optionally, the antibiotic is doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) (optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 25 mg to 500 mg), or azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) (optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 50 mg to 2000 mg); (ii) chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) (optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 10 mg to 2000 mg per day); (iii) zinc (optionally, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc picolinate), optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 1 mg to 250 mg; and / or (iv) at least one antibiotic (wherein optionally, the antibiotic is doxycycline (optionally, DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™) (optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 25 mg to 500 mg), or azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally an oral extended release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™) (optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 50 mg to 2000 mg); (iv) at least one vitamin, and optionally, the at least one vitamin includes: Vitamin C, optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 500 units (U) to 5000 units per dose, and / or Vitamin D (or cholecalciferol), optionally formulated or administered at a dose of about 3,000 units to 100,000 units per day, or about 10,000 units to 50,000 units per day, and optionally, the avermectin, such as ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), eprinomectin, or abamectin is administered or formulated alone or in combination with any of (i) to (iv) above (e.g., at least one antibiotic, chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, chloroquine diphosphate, and / or hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™), zinc, and / or at least one vitamin formulated as an oral formulation (e.g., as a tablet, capsule, gel, or gel-coated tablet), an injectable formulation, a powder (e.g., for inhalation or for addition to an ingestible liquid), or a liquid (e.g., for ingestion, infusion, or injection) (and administered); (kk) a compound, drug, or formulation that reduces gastric acid production or lowers the pH of the stomach, wherein optionally, the compound, drug, or formulation comprises famotidine or PEPCID™, and optionally, the famotidine is administered at a dose of about 10 mg to 60 mg per day, or about 20 mg to 40 mg per day, and optionally, the famotidine is administered with: ivermectin (optionally, STROMECTOL™), moxidectin (optionally, CYDECTIN™, EQUEST™, QUEST™), selamectin (optionally, STRONGHOLD™), milbemycin (optionally, milbemycin oxime, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, or nemadectin), doramectin (optionally, DECTOMAX™), and / or a tetracycline drug, and optionally, the tetracycline drug comprises doxycycline, or DORYX™, DOXYHEXA™, DOXYLIN™; (ll) a dendrimer, optionally, KYNARSTM (Arkema, Inc., King of Prussia, PA), and / or ASTROFILM® (Starpharma, Melbourne, Australia); (mm) an antihistamine, such as azelastine or ASTELIN™, OPTIVAR™, ALLERGODIL™, bepotastine (or TALION™, BEPREVE™), brompheniramine, fexofenadine or ALLEGRA™, pheniramine, or AVIL™, or chlorpheniramine; (nn) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug, optionally, fluvoxamine, or LUVOX™, FAVERIN™, FLUVOXIN™; (oo) a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, wherein optionally, the PPAR agonist comprises fenofibrate, or TRICOR™, FENOBRAT™, FENOGLIDE™ or LIPOFEN™, optionally, the PPAR agonist comprises a combination of fenofibrate and pravastatin, or PRAVAFENIX™, (pp) any one or several or all of (a) to (nn) together with (or formulated with or formulated into) an inhalation or aerosol (e.g., powder or aerosol) formulation, and / or formulated with or formulated into an oral, intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) formulation, wherein optionally, the inhalation or aerosol and the oral, IV and / or IM formulations are administered simultaneously or sequentially, and optionally, the inhalation or aerosol formulation comprises chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) and / or oral chloroquine (or ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate and / or hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™) is administered simultaneously or overlapping; and / or (qq) any combination of (a) to (pp), optionally formulated with or also with at least one vitamin or mineral, wherein optionally, the at least one vitamin or mineral comprises vitamin K, vitamin D (optionally vitamin D3, optionally administered at about 1000 micrograms / day to 4000 micrograms / day), vitamin B12, vitamin B6 (or pyridoxine), vitamin E and / or vitamin C, optionally administered or formulated for enteral or parenteral administration, and / or zinc (optionally zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate or zinc picolinate, optionally administered at about 50 milligrams / day to 200 milligrams / day or 100 milligrams / day), or a flavonoid, a plant flavonol or quercetin, optionally administered at about 250 mg to 500 mg bid, or melatonin and / or Aviptadil (or INVICORP™); and / or (rr) any combination of (a) to (qq), and optionally, any one, any combination or all of (a) to (rr) is formulated as an aerosol, mist or powder.

4. The article of manufacture of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the drug or medicament comprises or is formulated with (or in addition to) an antiviral drug or medicament, or an antimicrobial drug, or a palliative agent or drug, wherein optionally the antiviral drug or drug product or antimicrobial drug is or includes: Darunavir (e.g., PREZISTA™), Ritonavir (e.g., NORVIR™), Atazanavir (e.g., REYATAZ™), Lopinavir (e.g., KALETRA™), Tipranavir (e.g., APTIVUS™), Fosamprenavir (e.g., TELZIR™ or FOXAL™), Maraviroc (e.g., Celsentri™), Enfuvirtide (e.g., FUZEON™), Zanamivir (e.g., RELUZA™), Oseltamivir (e.g., TAMIFLU™), Peramivir (e.g., RAPIMYST™), Baloxavir marboxil (e.g., XOFUZA™), and / or Favipiravir (e.g., AVIGAN™), or a combination thereof, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the foregoing antiviral agents, or a combination of any of the foregoing with any of the and optionally, the antiviral drug or drug combination comprises: darunavir and cobicistat (e.g., REZOLSTA™ or PREZCOBIX™); atazanavir and cobicistat (or EVOTAZ™); abacavir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TRIUMEQ™); tenofovir (or disoproxil or emtricitabine or VIREAD™) and elvitegravir and cobicistat (e.g., STRIBILD™); tenofovir (or disoproxil or emtricitabine) and elvitegravir and cobicistat (COMPLERA™ or EVIPLERA™); efavirenz (optionally, SUSTIVA™), emtricitabine, and tenofovir (ATRIPLA); lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine (e.g., TRIOMUNE™); atazanavir and cobicistat (e.g., EVOTAZ™); lamivudine and rilpivirine (e.g., DUTREBIS™); lamivudine and dolutegravir (or DOVATO™); doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir (optionally, tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil or VIREAD™) (e.g., DELSTRIGO™); or lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine (e.g., CUOVIR-N™), avelumab (or INVICORP™), a macrolide and / or a macrolide antibiotic (optionally, the macrolide drug comprises azithromycin (e.g., ZITHROMAX™ or AZITHROCIN™, optionally, an oral sustained-release formulation of azithromycin, or ZMAX™), clarithromycin (e.g., BIAXIN™), erythromycin (e.g., ERYTHROCIN™), or fidaxomicin (e.g., DIFICID™ or DIFICLIR™), troleandomycin (e.g., TEKMISIN™), tylosin (e.g., TYLOCINE™ or TYLAN™), solithromycin (e.g., SOLITHERA™), oleandomycin (or SIGMAMYCINE™), midecamycin, rokitamycin, narbomycin, or totomycin, josamycin, carbomycin, or coumermycin, and / or spiramycin, and optionally the macrolide antibiotic comprises ivermectin (or STROMECTOL™, SOOLANTRA™)), or camostat mesylate (or FOIPAN™), and optionally, the antiviral drug or drug combination comprises daclatasvir (optionally, DAKLINZA™); and optionally, the additional antiviral or antimicrobial drug or drug product is formulated with the chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine bisphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (or NORVIR™), and / or oseltamivir together, or separately from the chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine bisphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir, and / or oseltamivir, and optionally, the additional antiviral or antimicrobial drug or drug product is formulated with an immunosuppressive drug (optionally, tocilizumab or atacicept, or ACTEMRA™ or ROACTEMRA™), and optionally, the antiviral or antimicrobial drug or drug product or palliative agent comprises zinc (optionally zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc picolinate, optionally administered at about 50 mg to 200 mg or 100 mg per day) or at least one vitamin, wherein optionally the at least one vitamin includes vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 (or pyridoxine), vitamin K, vitamin E, and / or vitamin C (optionally administered at 500 mg bid), or a flavonoid, a plant flavonol, or quercetin optionally administered at about 250 mg to 500 mg bid, or melatonin optionally administered or formulated for enteral or parenteral administration.

5. The article of manufacture of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the drug or pharmaceutical composition comprises: A therapeutic combination of one or more drugs, a pharmaceutical dosage form, a drug delivery device, or a product of manufacture comprising: (a) oseltamivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir; optionally further comprising chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine; further optionally comprising ombitasvir; and further optionally comprising zinc and bismuth; optionally, wherein the lopinavir, ritonavir, and oseltamivir are formulated or packaged for administration or dosing in a ratio of lopinavir:ritonavir:oseltamivir 25:100:75; (b) lopinavir, ritonavir, and chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine; optionally further comprising remdesivir and interferon; (c) colchicine; optionally further comprising hydroxychloroquine; optionally further comprising zinc, and optionally further comprising an avermectin antibiotic and vitamin C and / or vitamin D; or (d) hydroxychloroquine and an antibiotic, optionally further comprising zinc and vitamin C and / or vitamin D; optionally, wherein the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of azithromycin, doxycycline, and clarithromycin.

6. The article of manufacture of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the drug or drug product comprises: (a) chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine bisphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), and / or oseltamivir formulated alone or together, or the lopinavir and ritonavir formulated together and the oseltamivir formulated alone; or (a) chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine bisphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™), and / or oseltamivir formulated alone or together, or the lopinavir and ritonavir formulated together and the oseltamivir formulated alone; or (b) a therapeutic combination of one or more drugs, a pharmaceutical dosage form, wherein the chloroquine (e.g., ARALEN™), chloroquine phosphate, quinine, chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (e.g., PLAQUENIL™), lopinavir, ritonavir (optionally, NORVIR™) and / or oseltamivir, and / or the antiviral drug or medicine, or the antimicrobial drug is formulated or comprised in a liquid formulation (optionally, sterile saline or water), a spray, a powder, an aerosol or any formulation for inhalation.

7. A method of treating, preventing, ameliorating, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing a microbial infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering a medicine or drug combination comprised in a manufactured product made or manufactured as an inhaler, asthma "puffer” device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent for delivering a medicine or drug as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 or any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus or coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is a COVID-19 virus, and optionally, the infection is caused by an Orthocoronavirinae virus, or a Coronaviridae virus, or a Nidovirales virus.

8. A manufactured product made or manufactured as an inhaler, asthma "puffer” device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent for delivering a medicine or drug as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, for use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing a microbial infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, hantavirus, enterovirus or coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is a COVID-19 virus, and optionally, the infection is caused by an Orthocoronavirinae virus, or a Coronaviridae virus, or a Nidovirales virus.

9. Use of an inhaler, asthma "puffer” device, nebulizer or nasal spray device or equivalent made or manufactured for delivering a medicine or drug as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing, ameliorating, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing a microbial infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, a respiratory syncytial virus, a parainfluenza virus, an adenovirus, a rhinovirus, a human metapneumovirus, a hantavirus, an enterovirus, or a coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is a COVID-19 virus, and optionally the infection is caused by an Orthocoronavirinae virus, or a Coronaviridae virus, or a Nidovirales virus.

10. The method of claim 7, the article of manufacture of claim 8, or the use of claim 9, wherein the individual in need thereof has a long-term effect or a chronic effect or a symptom of a viral infection, or the individual in need thereof has not fully recovered from a viral infection even weeks or months after first experiencing symptoms, or the individual in need thereof experiences symptoms that last for weeks or months after first being diagnosed or treated for a viral infection, or the individual in need thereof feels well for weeks and then relapses into old or new symptoms, and optionally the drug product or the pharmaceutical combination is administered to prevent a so-called "long hauler” syndrome, or to treat or prevent symptoms that last for weeks or months, or to prevent or treat relapse into old or new symptoms, wherein optionally the viral infection is a COVID-19 infection.

11. Use of an article of manufacture fabricated or manufactured as an inhaler, an asthma “puffer” device, a nebulizer, or a nasal spray device, or equivalent, for delivery of a drug product or a pharmaceutical, wherein optionally the delivery of the drug product or the pharmaceutical is for treating, preventing, ameliorating, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing a microbial infection in an individual in need thereof, including administering a drug product or a pharmaceutical combination, wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, a respiratory syncytial virus, a parainfluenza virus, an adenovirus, a rhinovirus, a human metapneumovirus, a hantavirus, an enterovirus, or a coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is a COVID-19 virus, and optionally the infection is caused by an Orthocoronavirinae virus, or a Coronaviridae virus, or a Nidovirales virus.

12. An article of manufacture fabricated or manufactured as an inhaler, an asthma “puffer” device, a nebulizer, or a nasal spray device, or equivalent, for delivery of a drug product or a pharmaceutical, wherein optionally the delivery of the drug product or the pharmaceutical is for treating, preventing, ameliorating, slowing the progression of, reducing the severity of, or preventing a microbial infection in an individual in need thereof, including administering a drug product or a pharmaceutical combination, wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, a respiratory syncytial virus, a parainfluenza virus, an adenovirus, a rhinovirus, a human metapneumovirus, a hantavirus, an enterovirus, or a coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is a COVID-19 virus, and optionally the infection is caused by an Orthocoronavirinae virus, or a Coronaviridae virus, or a Nidovirales virus. wherein the microbial infection is a bacterial or viral infection, and optionally the viral infection is caused by a respiratory virus, and optionally the respiratory virus is an influenza virus, a respiratory syncytial virus, a parainfluenza virus, an adenovirus, a rhinovirus, a human metapneumovirus, a hantavirus, an enterovirus, or a coronavirus infection, and optionally the coronavirus is a COVID-19 virus, and optionally the infection is caused by an Orthocoronavirinae virus, or a Coronaviridae virus, or a Nidovirales virus.

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