Use of a water-soluble hetero[3]arene material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles

Abstract

The application discloses application of a water-soluble hetero[3]arene material as a stabilizer in preparation of silver nanoparticles, relates to the technical field of nanometer materials, and an application method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing an aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3]arene material and an aqueous solution of silver nitrate; mixing the aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3]arene material and the aqueous solution of silver nitrate at room temperature to obtain a mixed system; and adding an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride to the mixed system to perform a reduction reaction at room temperature, so as to obtain silver nanoparticles modified by the water-soluble hetero[3]arene material. The water-soluble hetero[3]arene material is used as the stabilizer, the water-soluble hetero[3]arene molecule gives the surface of the silver nanoparticles a positive charge through an imidazolium salt group, and the silver nanoparticles are effectively inhibited from agglomeration and oxidation by means of electrostatic repulsion, so that the silver nanoparticles prepared by the method not only have uniform particle sizes, but also exhibit good storage stability and chemical stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nanomaterials technology, and more specifically, to the application of a water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles, due to their unique surface plasmon resonance effect, excellent antibacterial properties, and superior electrical conductivity, have shown great application potential in biosensing, catalysis, antibacterial materials, and electronic devices. However, the inherently high surface energy of silver nanoparticles makes them highly susceptible to aggregation and oxidation during preparation and storage, leading to the loss of their unique nano-effects and functional properties. This lack of stability severely restricts their practical applications. To improve the stability of silver nanoparticles, existing technologies often introduce stabilizers through physical coating or chemical modification strategies. Common stabilization strategies include using polymers (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) to achieve effective isolation between particles through steric hindrance, or using small-molecule surfactants to prevent aggregation through electrostatic repulsion. In addition, some organic ligands can also cooperate through coordination bonds to form a protective layer on the silver surface. However, these strategies all have significant limitations: the structure of polymers is easily damaged under extreme conditions (such as pH fluctuations), leading to the exposure and re-aggregation of silver nanoparticles; the interaction strength between small molecule stabilizers and particles is weak, resulting in poor stability and easy desorption, which in turn leads to the degradation of material properties; and the synthesis steps of some synthetic ligands are cumbersome and the preparation cost is high.

[0003] Patent application CN119431655A discloses a pH- and temperature-responsive lignin-based amphiphilic polymer and micelles, along with their preparation method and applications. The lignin polymer in this invention can self-assemble into nanoscale micelles in an aqueous medium, exhibiting a stable structure. It can both prepare silver nanoparticles in situ and encapsulate the hydrophobic anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT). The resulting single nanocarrier system not only provides excellent stabilization for silver nanoparticles but also possesses pH- and temperature-responsive drug release properties in vitro. Furthermore, it exhibits good cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity against tumor cells, achieving a synergistic effect of antitumor and antibacterial action, showing promising application prospects in the preparation of related therapeutic drugs. However, this method has limitations: firstly, the synthesis process is cumbersome, requiring multiple core steps such as lignin purification, macromolecular initiator preparation, and polymer synthesis, each requiring corresponding pretreatment and post-treatment operations; secondly, the operating conditions are stringent, and even slight deviations in parameters such as temperature, pH, and catalyst ratio can lead to insufficient lignin grafting rate and uneven silver nanoparticle size.

[0004] Patent CN114805947A discloses a superhydrophobic antibacterial composite membrane and its preparation method. This invention constructs a composite membrane using soluble soybean polysaccharide, gelatin, and beeswax as core components. On one hand, the synergistic effect between the components enhances the mechanical properties and free radical scavenging ability of the composite membrane, while reducing its water solubility to impart excellent water resistance. On the other hand, the active groups in the soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin molecules can stabilize silver nanoparticles through coordination or hydrogen bonding, effectively inhibiting particle aggregation and ensuring uniform dispersion of silver nanoparticles on the surface and inside the composite membrane. Furthermore, the hydrophobic matrix structure of beeswax can regulate the release kinetics of silver nanoparticles, prolonging the antibacterial effect and thus significantly enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of the composite membrane. The composite membrane exhibits good structural and functional stability under normal temperature and neutral conditions. However, its stability is highly dependent on the inherent physicochemical properties of natural polymers (soluble soybean polysaccharides and gelatin) and beeswax. It has significant defects under extreme acid and alkaline conditions: in acidic environments, the amide bonds and glycosidic bonds of natural polymers are prone to hydrolysis and breakage, which leads to the destruction of the composite membrane structure; under alkaline conditions, it may cause the destruction of hydrogen bonding between components and a decrease in the emulsification stability of beeswax, which in turn leads to the aggregation of silver nanoparticles and loss of antibacterial activity.

[0005] Therefore, given the significant shortcomings of existing stable silver nanoparticles—namely, the cumbersome synthesis process and high preparation cost, and their relatively weak chemical stability, which makes them prone to structural damage in extreme media such as acids and alkalis, and even in aqueous systems, the stability may be degraded due to the imbalance of interactions between components—a new method for stabilizing silver nanoparticles needs to be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the existing technical bottlenecks in the field of silver nanoparticle stabilization, and the common defects in existing stabilization strategies such as cumbersome synthesis processes, poor chemical stability, and easy failure in acid / alkali extreme media and aqueous systems, this invention provides an application of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic materials as stabilizers in the preparation of silver nanoparticles. A water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material is specifically designed, and its preparation process is simple, can be efficiently synthesized in one step with excellent yield. Using water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic materials as stabilizers, the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic molecules impart a positive charge to the surface of silver nanoparticles through their imidazole onium salt groups, effectively inhibiting the aggregation and oxidation of silver nanoparticles through electrostatic repulsion, thus achieving stabilization. The silver nanoparticles prepared in this way not only have uniform particle size, but also exhibit good storage stability and chemical stability; the stabilization effect of silver nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the concentration ratio of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatics to silver ions, providing flexible space for performance optimization.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The application of a water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles, the structural formula of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material is shown below:

[0009] ;

[0010] The method of using the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. Prepare aqueous solutions of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic materials and aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, respectively;

[0012] S2. Mix the aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material with the aqueous solution of silver nitrate at room temperature to obtain a mixed system;

[0013] S3. Add sodium borohydride aqueous solution to the mixture and carry out reduction reaction at room temperature to obtain silver nanoparticles modified with water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic materials.

[0014] Optionally, the preparation method of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material includes the following steps: dissolving dibromo-hetero[3]aromatics and N-methylimidazole in toluene and stirring at 120°C for 24 h, after the reaction is complete and cooled to room temperature, adding water for recrystallization, filtering, vacuum drying, and activation treatment to obtain the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material; the reaction equation is as follows:

[0015] .

[0016] Optionally, the preparation method of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material includes the following steps: weigh 0.77 g of dibromo-substituted hetero[3]aromatic and 0.328 g of N-methylimidazole and dissolve them in 100 mL of toluene. Heat to 120 °C and stir for 24 h. After the reaction is complete and cooled to room temperature, add water to recrystallize, filter and collect the precipitated solid, dry the obtained solid under vacuum at 90 °C, and activate it at 150 °C for 2 h to obtain the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material.

[0017] Optionally, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material is 1 mM; the concentration of the silver nitrate aqueous solution is 10 mM; and the concentration of the sodium borohydride aqueous solution is 0.165 M.

[0018] Optionally, step S2 includes: adding the aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material dropwise to the aqueous solution of silver nitrate under stirring at room temperature to obtain the mixed system; wherein, in the mixed system, the concentration ratio of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material to silver nitrate is (0.3~1.5):1.

[0019] Optionally, in step S2, the concentration ratio of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material to silver nitrate in the mixed system is 0.75:1.

[0020] Optionally, in step S2, the stirring speed at room temperature is 600~800 rpm.

[0021] Optionally, step S3 includes: adding the sodium borohydride aqueous solution to the mixture under stirring at room temperature to carry out a reduction reaction until the solution turns brownish-yellow and then terminating the reaction.

[0022] Optionally, in step S3, the volume ratio of the sodium borohydride aqueous solution added to the silver nitrate aqueous solution used in step S2 is 2:1.

[0023] Optionally, in step S3, the stirring speed at room temperature is 600~800 rpm.

[0024] Optionally, in step S3, the time for adding the substance is controlled to be ≤1s.

[0025] Optionally, the silver nanoparticles have a particle size of 1.59~6.79 nm.

[0026] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention will have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The synthesis process of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic hydrocarbons is simple and does not require complex reaction equipment or harsh preparation conditions.

[0028] (2) The present invention uses easily synthesized water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic materials as stabilizers to impart positive charge to the surface of silver nanoparticles. By means of electrostatic repulsion, the aggregation and oxidation of silver nanoparticles are effectively inhibited, thereby achieving stabilization. In addition, the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic molecules themselves have a large-size three-dimensional structure. Based on the steric hindrance effect, the aggregation of silver nanoparticles can be further prevented, thereby making the silver nanoparticles more stable.

[0029] (3) The prepared silver nanoparticles have small and uniform particle size, ranging from 1.59 to 6.79 nm, with an average particle size of 3.23 nm.

[0030] (4) The entire process of stabilizing silver nanoparticles adopts an aqueous phase room temperature reaction system, which avoids extreme reaction conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, significantly reduces energy consumption, and makes the preparation cost of silver nanoparticles low, which is convenient for large-scale industrial production. It effectively solves the problems of complex synthesis, high energy consumption and poor stability of existing stable silver nanoparticle technology.

[0031] (5) Silver nanoparticles stabilized by water-soluble hetero[3] aromatics have both good storage stability and chemical stability, and can withstand complex media environments such as acids and alkalis; the prepared silver nanoparticles can remain stable in aqueous dispersions with pH 3 to 12. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 The nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material of Example 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0033] Figure 2 This is the mass spectrum of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 The PXRD diagram of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material of Example 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 4 The image shows the UV / Vis spectra of silver nanoparticles prepared under different [H] / [AgNO3] concentration ratios in Example 1 of this invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a transmission electron microscope image of silver nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under a [H] / [AgNO3] concentration ratio of 0.75:1.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a particle size distribution diagram of silver nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under the condition of a [H] / [AgNO3] concentration ratio of 0.75:1.

[0038] Figure 7 The stability test diagram of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material stabilized silver nanoparticles at different pH values ​​is shown in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention in any way.

[0040] This invention discloses the application of a water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles. The structural formula of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material is shown below:

[0041] ;

[0042] Furthermore, the application method of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic materials as stabilizers in the preparation of silver nanoparticles includes the following steps:

[0043] S1. Prepare aqueous solutions of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic materials and aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, respectively;

[0044] S2. Mix the aqueous solution of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic hydrocarbon material with the aqueous solution of silver nitrate at room temperature to obtain a mixed system;

[0045] S3. Add sodium borohydride aqueous solution to the mixed system and carry out reduction reaction at room temperature to obtain silver nanoparticles modified with water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic materials.

[0046] Specifically, this invention uses a water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material with imidazole onion salt group as a stabilizer. The imidazole onion salt group is adsorbed on the surface of silver nanoparticles, giving the surface of silver nanoparticles a positive charge. The electrostatic repulsion effectively inhibits the aggregation and oxidation of silver nanoparticles, thus achieving stabilization. In addition, the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic molecule itself has a large-size three-dimensional structure. Based on the steric hindrance effect, it can further prevent the aggregation of silver nanoparticles, thereby making the silver nanoparticles more stable.

[0047] In one specific embodiment, the preparation method of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material includes the following steps: dissolving dibromo-hetero[3]aromatic and N-methylimidazole in toluene and stirring at 120°C for 24 h, after the reaction is complete and cooled to room temperature, adding water for recrystallization, filtering and collecting the precipitated white solid, vacuum drying, and activation treatment to obtain water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material; the reaction equation is as follows:

[0048] .

[0049] In one specific embodiment, the preparation method of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material includes the following steps: weigh 0.77g of dibromo-substituted hetero[3]aromatic and 0.328g of N-methylimidazole and dissolve them in 100mL of toluene. Heat to 120℃ and stir for 24h. After the reaction is complete and cooled to room temperature, add water to recrystallize, filter and collect the precipitated solid, dry the obtained solid under vacuum at 90℃, and activate it at 150℃ for 2h to obtain water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic material is 1 mM; the concentration of the aqueous solution of silver nitrate is 10 mM; and the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium borohydride is 0.165 M.

[0051] In one specific embodiment, step S2 includes: adding the aqueous solution of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material dropwise to the aqueous solution of silver nitrate under stirring at room temperature to obtain a mixed system.

[0052] In one specific embodiment, the size and stability of the prepared silver nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the concentration ratio of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material to silver nitrate. In the mixing system of step S2, the concentration ratio of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material to silver nitrate is (0.3~1.5):1. Preferably, the concentration ratio of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material to silver nitrate is 0.75:1.

[0053] Specifically, at this concentration ratio, water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic molecules can provide sufficient steric hindrance and electrostatic protection for silver nanoparticles, ultimately obtaining silver nanoparticles with uniform particle size and both storage stability and chemical stability.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, in step S2, the stirring speed at room temperature is 600~800 rpm.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, in step S2, the mixing time can be adjusted according to the concentration ratio of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic material and silver nitrate.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, step S3 includes: adding an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride to the mixed system under stirring at room temperature to carry out a reduction reaction until the solution turns brownish-yellow and the reaction is terminated.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, in step S3, the volume ratio of the sodium borohydride aqueous solution added to the silver nitrate aqueous solution used in step S2 is 2:1.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, in step S3, the stirring speed at room temperature is 600~800 rpm.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, in step S3, the reduction reaction time can be controlled in real time by the change in solution color. When the system presents a stable brownish-yellow color, the reaction can be terminated.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the silver nanoparticles have a particle size of 1.59~6.79 nm.

[0061] The following are specific embodiments.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Preparation of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic materials: 0.77 g of dibromo-hetero[3] aromatic (prepared according to the method disclosed in Example 1 of Chinese Patent Application No. 2025116323059) and 0.328 g of N-methylimidazole were weighed and dissolved in 100 mL of toluene. The mixture was heated to 120 °C and stirred for 24 h. After the reaction was complete and cooled to room temperature, water was added for recrystallization. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration. The solid was dried under vacuum at 90 °C and activated at 150 °C for 2 h to obtain a white powder, denoted as H.

[0064] The reaction equation is as follows:

[0065] .

[0066] The characterization data of the product prepared in this embodiment are as follows:

[0067] H, 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 293 K) (ppm): δ 9.28 (s, 2H), 7.87 (s,2H), 7.78 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 6.43 (s, 2H), 6.34 (s, 2H), 6.72 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 6.34 (s, 2H), 6.29 (s, 2H), 4.39–4.29 (m, 4H), 4.22 (s, 1H), 4.18 (s, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 6H), 3.72–3.65 (m, 16H), 3.53 (s, 1H), 3.49 (s, 1H). High-resolution mass spectrometry measured m / z: 388.1932, corresponding to ([C 46 H 52 N4O8] 2+ 2Br - ).

[0068] PXRD test results are as follows Figure 3 As shown, the obtained water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material has good crystallinity.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] To investigate the effect of the concentration ratio ([H] / [AgNO3]) of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material prepared in Example 1 to silver nitrate on the structure and optical properties of silver nanoparticles, water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic stabilized silver nanoparticles were synthesized through the following steps:

[0071] A 1 mM aqueous solution of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material, a 10 mM aqueous solution of silver nitrate, and a 0.165 M aqueous solution of sodium borohydride were prepared respectively. Under the condition of stirring at room temperature (600~800 rpm), the aqueous solution of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material was added dropwise to the aqueous solution of silver nitrate to obtain a mixed system. Under the condition of stirring at room temperature (600~800 rpm), the aqueous solution of sodium borohydride was added to the mixed system to carry out a reduction reaction until the solution turned brownish-yellow and the reaction was terminated. The volume ratio of the added sodium borohydride aqueous solution to the silver nitrate aqueous solution was 2:1. A series of silver nanoparticles with different [H] / [AgNO3] water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material stable were prepared.

[0072] Figure 4 The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the products with different [H] / [AgNO3] ratios were obtained. The results showed that when the concentration ratio of [H] / [AgNO3] was (0.3~1.5):1, the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic stabilized silver nanoparticles exhibited the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak of silver colloid in the visible light region of 420-440 nm, confirming the successful preparation of silver nanoparticles. When [H] / [AgNO3]=0.75, the maximum SPR absorption wavelength of silver colloid was 420 nm; with the increase of the concentration of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material, the SPR absorption peak slightly blue-shifted from 430 nm to 420 nm, which indicates that the particle size of silver nanoparticles gradually decreased. According to the basic principle of SPR spectroscopy, the blue shift of the peak position is directly related to the reduction of nanoparticle size. However, when [H] / [AgNO3] increased from 0.75 to 1.50, the maximum absorption wavelength and peak intensity of the SPR peak changed only slightly. This result indicates that when the amount of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material is sufficient to completely cover the surface of silver nanoparticles, further increasing the amount of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material has almost no significant effect on the average particle size and dispersibility of silver nanoparticles.

[0073] Transmission electron microscopy and particle size distribution of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic stable silver nanoparticles when [H] / [AgNO3]=0.75 are shown in the figure. Figure 5-6 As shown.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] To evaluate the chemical stability of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic stabilized silver nanoparticles under different pH conditions, the following experiment was designed: 39 mL of silver nanoparticle aqueous dispersion with [H] / [AgNO3]=0.75 was prepared and evenly distributed into 13 small glass bottles; the pH value of each bottle system was adjusted to 1~13 (gradient interval of 1) by nitric acid and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the appearance changes of the system were observed after standing at room temperature for one month. The experimental results showed that obvious precipitation appeared in the systems with pH=1, 2 and 13, indicating that the silver nanoparticles agglomerated and oxidized; while the systems with pH=3~12 all remained uniform and transparent, with no visible precipitation or color change. The above results confirm that the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic stabilized silver nanoparticles exhibit excellent chemical stability in a wide pH range (pH=3~12) and can effectively resist agglomeration and oxidation caused by acid and alkaline environments.

[0076] Stability tests of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic hydrocarbon-stabilized silver nanoparticles at different pH values ​​are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0077] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The application of a water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles, characterized in that, The structural formula of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material is shown below: ； The method of using the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles includes the following steps: S1. Prepare aqueous solutions of water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic materials and aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, respectively; S2. The aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic material and the aqueous solution of silver nitrate are mixed at room temperature to obtain a mixed system; in the mixed system, the concentration ratio of the water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic material to silver nitrate is (0.3~1.5):1; S3. Add sodium borohydride aqueous solution to the mixture and carry out reduction reaction at room temperature to obtain silver nanoparticles modified with water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic materials; A water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material with imidazole onium salt group is used as a stabilizer. The imidazole onium salt group is adsorbed on the surface of silver nanoparticles, giving the surface of silver nanoparticles a positive charge. The electrostatic repulsion effectively inhibits the aggregation and oxidation of silver nanoparticles, thus achieving stabilization. In addition, the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic molecule itself has a large-size three-dimensional structure. Based on the steric hindrance effect, it can further prevent the aggregation of silver nanoparticles, thereby making the silver nanoparticles more stable. The silver nanoparticles have a particle size of 1.59~6.79 nm and an average particle size of 3.23 nm. The prepared silver nanoparticles remain stable in aqueous dispersions with pH values ​​ranging from 3 to 12.

2. The application of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material includes the following steps: Dibromo-substituted hetero[3]arene and N-methylimidazolium were dissolved in toluene and stirred at 120°C for 24 h. After the reaction was complete and cooled to room temperature, water was added for recrystallization, filtered, vacuum dried, and activated to obtain the water-soluble hetero[3]arene material. The reaction equation is as follows: 。 3. The application of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material includes the following steps: weigh 0.77 g of dibromo-substituted hetero[3]aromatic and 0.328 g of N-methylimidazole and dissolve them in 100 mL of toluene. Heat to 120 °C and stir for 24 h. After the reaction is complete and cooled to room temperature, add water to recrystallize. Filter and collect the precipitated solid. Dry the obtained solid under vacuum at 90 °C and activate it at 150 °C for 2 h to obtain the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material.

4. The application of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3] aromatic material is 1 mM; the concentration of the aqueous solution of silver nitrate is 10 mM; and the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium borohydride is 0.165 M.

5. The application of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: adding the aqueous solution of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material dropwise to the aqueous solution of silver nitrate under stirring at room temperature to obtain the mixed system.

6. The application of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the concentration ratio of water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material to silver nitrate in the mixed system is 0.75:1; The stirring speed at room temperature is 600~800 rpm.

7. The application of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: adding the sodium borohydride aqueous solution to the mixture under stirring at room temperature to carry out a reduction reaction until the solution turns brownish-yellow and then terminating the reaction.

8. The application of the water-soluble hetero[3]aromatic material as a stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the volume ratio of the added sodium borohydride aqueous solution to the silver nitrate aqueous solution used in step S2 is 2:

1. The stirring speed at room temperature is 600~800 rpm.

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