Biochar particle electrode, electro-Fenton reactor and application thereof
By integrating the gas channel electrode with the biochar particle electrode design, the problem of long oxygen mass transfer distance in the traditional electro-Fenton oxidation method is solved, the aeration efficiency and the free radical concentration on the electrode surface are improved, and the efficient degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid is achieved to generate perfluorocarboxylic acid and fluoride ions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
In the traditional electro-Fenton oxidation process, the oxygen mass transfer distance is long and the diffusion rate is slow, which limits the H2O2 generation rate, affects the treatment efficiency, and increases the production of iron-containing sludge, thus limiting its applicability.
The biochar particle electrode, through its integrated airway electrode design, shortens the oxygen mass transfer distance, improves aeration efficiency, enhances the free radical concentration on the electrode surface, and utilizes the adsorption and catalytic properties of biochar to generate advanced oxide species in situ, thereby optimizing the aeration rate.
It significantly improved oxygen mass transfer efficiency and aeration intensity, enhanced the concentration of reactants on the electrode surface, and achieved efficient degradation of pollutants, especially perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with a degradation rate of 92.6%, generating perfluorocarboxylic acid and fluoride ions.
Smart Images
Figure CN121627140A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of advanced wastewater oxidation technology, and in particular to a biochar particle electrode, an electro-Fenton reactor, and their applications. Background Technology
[0002] Electro-Fenton oxidation is a powerful, versatile, and simple oxidation process that has garnered significant attention in recent years. In an acidic medium, oxygen (O2) continuously generates H2O2 at the cathode surface via a 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) (E0 = 0.68V vs SHE), utilizing Fe... 2+ The chain reaction with H2O2 catalyzes the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which have strong oxidizing power. (OH, E0=2.8V vs SHE), thereby achieving effective decomposition and even complete mineralization of recalcitrant organic matter. The electro-Fenton oxidation method generates H2O2 in situ via cathode electrons, requiring minimal reagent addition, producing less iron sludge, and exhibiting multiple effects such as anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, electroadsorption, electroflotation, and electrocoagulation. Therefore, it has broad application prospects in wastewater treatment.
[0003] However, traditional electric Fenton aeration, which uses bubbling, has a long mass transfer distance (over 10 cm) and poor oxygen water solubility (8.1 mg·L⁻¹). -1 The diffusion rate is slow (diffusion coefficient: 1.96 × 10⁻⁶). -5 cm 2 ·s -1 The H2O2 generation rate-limiting step is the pre-acidification process. Without pre-acidification and secondary pH adjustment, not only will the treatment efficiency of electro-Fenton oxidation be reduced, but the generation of iron-containing sludge will also increase, severely limiting the applicability of traditional electro-Fenton technology. Because the cathode is not only the site of the catalytic reaction and the medium for electron transfer, but also the endpoint of O2 mass transfer, electrode performance directly determines the performance of the electro-Fenton oxidation method. Developing electrodes with high electron transfer efficiency, good oxygen affinity, and stable properties is the key to overcoming the current technological bottlenecks of electro-Fenton oxidation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biochar particle electrode, an electro-Fenton reactor, and their applications. The biochar particle electrode can shorten the oxygen mass transfer distance, improve aeration efficiency, ensure the free radical concentration on the electrode surface, enhance the degradation effect of pollutants, and also facilitate the adjustment of aeration volume. It is convenient to use and has good performance.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a biochar particle electrode, which comprises, from the inside out, a cylindrical airway layer 1 and a biochar filler ring layer 2 covering the outside of the cylindrical airway layer 1. The cylindrical airway layer 1 includes an inner cylindrical airway 3 and an outer cylindrical airway 4, with the outer cylindrical airway 4 nested outside the inner cylindrical airway 3. Both the inner cylindrical airway 3 and the outer cylindrical airway 4 have pores 10 arranged on their sides. The top of the inner cylindrical airway 3 is sealed by the airway cover plate 18, and the bottom of the inner cylindrical airway 3 is equipped with a base. The bottom of the outer cylindrical airway 4 is fixed to the circular slide rail 7 by the sliding groove 8, and the top of the outer cylindrical airway 4 is fixed to the inner cylindrical airway 3 by the limiting component 11. The biochar packing ring layer 2 is connected to the base of the inner cylindrical air passage 3 via a fixing thread 9; the biochar packing ring layer 2 includes biochar particles and a ring frame. The inner cylindrical air passage 3 is provided with a circular slide rail 7 and a fixing thread 9 on its base; The biochar particle electrode also includes a pneumatic interface 5, a pressure relief valve 6, and a packing cover plate 14. The pneumatic interface 5 is embedded in the top of the inner cylindrical air passage 3, and the pressure relief valve 6 is disposed on the air passage cover plate 18; the packing cover plate 14 is disposed on the top of the biochar packing ring layer 2.
[0006] Preferably, the cylindrical airway layer 3 is made of stainless steel.
[0007] Preferably, the limiting component 11 includes a magnetic attraction structure, the limiting component 11 has a limiting thread, and the limiting component achieves rotational limiting through the meshing of inner and outer toothed rings, with a minimum limiting angle >0.5°.
[0008] Preferably, in the pores 10, the spacing between adjacent pores is twice the pore diameter.
[0009] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the biochar particles include bamboo chopsticks, walnuts, or coconut shells, and the biochar particles have a length of 1 cm and an equivalent particle size of 5 mm to 2 cm.
[0010] Preferably, the biochar packing ring layer 2 is sealed at the top and bottom, and the side of the ring frame is provided with holes 15, the diameter of which is less than 0.5 times the particle size of the biochar particles.
[0011] Preferably, the circular frame is made of polyethylene or polypropylene; The packing cover 14 is a snap-on type.
[0012] Preferably, the biochar particle electrode further includes an electrode interface 12, which is inserted into the pneumatic interface 5.
[0013] The present invention provides an electric Fenton reactor, which includes a graphite rod 1 and a biochar particle electrode 2; the electric Fenton reactor also includes a DC regulated power supply, a gas conduit, and electrode wires.
[0014] This invention provides the application of the above-mentioned electro-Fenton reactor in the degradation of wastewater.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a biochar particle electrode for a heterogeneous electro-Fenton system. Through an integrated gas-channel electrode design, the oxygen mass transfer distance is significantly reduced, allowing oxygen to diffuse uniformly into the packing layer through micropores. With a mass transfer distance of less than 1 cm, the mass transfer efficiency is greatly improved. The aeration efficiency can be further enhanced by adjusting the bubble size and aeration intensity through the rotation of the inner and outer gas channels. The use of the biochar particle electrode significantly increases the electrode surface area and the reactant concentration on the electrode surface, providing an ideal reaction site for the electro-Fenton reaction. Furthermore, leveraging the adsorption, catalytic, and conductive properties of biochar, advanced oxide species are generated in situ, with an H₂O₂ yield ≥ 0.15 kg kWh. -1 It can oxidize and decompose macromolecular pollutants, shorten the oxygen mass transfer distance, improve aeration efficiency, ensure the concentration of free radicals on the electrode surface, enhance the degradation effect of pollutants, and facilitate the adjustment of aeration volume. It is easy to use and has good results.
[0016] Using the bioparticle electrode of the present invention as the cathode, under the conditions of not adjusting the acidity of perfluorooctanoic acid wastewater, the output current of the regulated power supply being 0.5 A, and the aeration flow rate of the air pump being 0.2 L / min, the electro-Fenton reactor containing the bioparticle electrode can degrade 92.6% of perfluorooctanoic acid within 120 min, generating perfluorocarboxylic acid and fluoride ions. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a biochar particle electrode, where 1 is a cylindrical airway layer, 2 is a biochar packing ring layer, 3 is an inner cylindrical airway, 4 is an inner cylindrical airway, 5 is a pneumatic interface, 6 is a pressure relief valve, and 18 is an airway cover. Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the cylindrical airway layer 1 and electrode connector 12 in the biochar particle electrode, where 5 is the pneumatic interface, 6 is the pressure relief valve, 7 is the circular slide rail, 8 is the sliding groove, 9 is the fixing thread, 10 is the air hole, 11 is the limiting component, 12 is the electrode interface, and 13 is the wire. Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the annular frame in the annular layer 2 of biochar packing, where 14 is the packing cover plate and 15 is the hole; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electro-Fenton reactor device, where 16 is the anode and 17 is the cathode; Figure 5 The image shows the removal effect of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by the electro-Fenton reactor device. Figure 6 A diagram illustrating the defluorination effect of the electro-Fenton reactor device in the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid; Figure 7 The diagram shows the kinetic analysis of the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid in the electro-Fenton reactor. Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the catalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using an electro-Fenton reactor. Detailed Implementation
[0018] This invention provides a biochar particle electrode, which comprises, from the inside out, a cylindrical airway layer 1 and a biochar filler ring layer 2 covering the outside of the cylindrical airway layer 1. The cylindrical airway layer 1 includes an inner cylindrical airway 3 and an outer cylindrical airway 4, with the outer cylindrical airway 4 nested outside the inner cylindrical airway 3. Both the inner cylindrical airway 3 and the outer cylindrical airway 4 have pores 10 arranged on their sides. The top of the inner cylindrical airway 3 is sealed by the airway cover plate 18, and the bottom of the inner cylindrical airway 3 is equipped with a base. The bottom of the outer cylindrical airway 4 is fixed to the circular slide rail 7 by the sliding groove 8, and the top of the outer cylindrical airway 4 is fixed to the inner cylindrical airway 3 by the limiting component 11. The biochar packing ring layer 2 is connected to the base of the inner cylindrical air passage 3 via a fixing thread 9; the biochar packing ring layer 2 includes biochar particles and a ring frame. The inner cylindrical air passage 3 is provided with a circular slide rail 7 and a fixing thread (9) on its base; The biochar particle electrode also includes a pneumatic interface 5, a pressure relief valve 6, and a packing cover plate 14. The pneumatic interface 5 is embedded in the top of the inner cylindrical air passage 3, and the pressure relief valve 6 is disposed on the air passage cover plate 18; the packing cover plate 14 is disposed on the top of the biochar packing ring layer 2.
[0019] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all required components or materials are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.
[0020] The biochar particle electrode provided by the present invention preferably comprises, from the inside out, a cylindrical airway layer 1 and a biochar filler ring layer 2 covering the outside of the cylindrical airway layer 1. The cylindrical airway layer 1 preferably includes an inner cylindrical airway 3 and an outer cylindrical airway 4. The outer cylindrical airway 4 is preferably nested outside the inner cylindrical airway 3. Both the inner cylindrical airway 3 and the outer cylindrical airway 4 preferably have pores 10 arranged on their sides.
[0021] In this invention, the cylindrical airway layer 3 is preferably made of stainless steel, which improves the structural strength, serves as a conductive material, and ensures its corrosion resistance.
[0022] In this invention, the spacing between adjacent air holes 10 is preferably twice the diameter of the air hole, and the closure of the air holes is controlled by the rotation of the inner cylinder.
[0023] Preferably, the top of the inner cylindrical airway 3 is sealed and a base is provided at the bottom; the bottom of the outer cylindrical airway 4 is fixed to the circular slide rail 7 by the sliding groove 8, and the top is fixed to the inner cylindrical airway 3 by the limiting component 11.
[0024] In this invention, the limiting component 11 preferably includes a magnetic suction structure. The limiting component 11 has a limiting thread. The magnetic suction structure is used to fix the cylindrical air passages on both sides. The limiting component achieves rotational limiting through the meshing of inner and outer toothed rings, with a minimum limiting angle >0.5°.
[0025] In this invention, the above-mentioned biochar packing ring layer 2 is preferably connected to the base of the cylindrical airway layer 1 by a fixing thread 9; the biochar packing ring layer 2 preferably includes biochar particles and a ring frame.
[0026] In this invention, the preparation process of the biochar particles preferably includes the following steps: under nitrogen protection, the biochar raw material is carbonized, acid-washed, and water-washed in sequence, and then dried to obtain biochar particles; the biochar raw material preferably includes bamboo chopsticks, walnuts, or coconut shells, and more preferably bamboo chopsticks; the biochar prepared from the above-mentioned biochar raw material is a hard carbon, which has higher mechanical strength, is less prone to leakage, is more impact-resistant, and has an electrode life of more than 8000 hours compared to powdered rice husk carbon.
[0027] In this invention, the length of the biochar particles is preferably 1 cm, and the equivalent particle size is preferably 5 mm to 2 cm; the carbonization temperature is preferably 600℃, and the time is preferably 2 h; the acid washing solution is preferably 1 mol / L HCl solution, and the acid washing time is preferably 12 h.
[0028] In this invention, the biochar packing ring layer 2 is defined as being sealed from top to bottom. The side of the ring frame is preferably provided with holes 15. The diameter of the holes 15 is adjusted according to the size of the packing material, preferably less than 0.5 times the diameter of the biochar particles, to allow liquid and gas to pass through while preventing the biochar particles from leaking.
[0029] In this invention, the material of the annular frame is preferably an insulating material; the filler cover 14 is preferably a snap-on type, which facilitates the filling and replacement of biochar granules, and the inner diameter of the filler cover 14 can be set according to actual needs.
[0030] The biochar particle electrode provided by the present invention preferably further includes a pneumatic interface 5, a pressure relief valve 6, and a packing cover plate 14; the pneumatic interface 5 is preferably embedded in the top of the inner cylindrical air passage 3, the pressure relief valve 6 is preferably located at one end of the pneumatic interface to ensure safety when the air hole is closed; the packing cover plate 14 is preferably located at the top of the biochar packing annular layer 2.
[0031] The biochar particle electrode provided by the present invention preferably further includes an electrode interface 12, which is inserted into the pneumatic interface; the power supply line is protected by a pneumatic tube to ensure underwater working safety, the power supply line is connected to a DC power supply for current input, and electrons are transferred to the biochar particles through a cylindrical air channel to promote the in-situ 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction.
[0032] The present invention also provides an electro-Fenton reactor, wherein the electro-Fenton reactor preferably includes a graphite rod 16 and a biochar particle electrode 17, wherein the graphite rod 16 serves as the anode and the biochar particle electrode 17 serves as the cathode.
[0033] In this invention, the electro-Fenton reactor is preferably a circular reactor, and the biochar particle electrodes are close to the graphite rod, with an electrode spacing preferably ≤5 cm. This invention does not specifically limit the number of biochar particle electrodes; in the embodiments, four are preferred. Figure 4 As shown, the graphite rod 16 is located at the center of the circular reactor, and there are four biochar particle electrodes 17, which are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the circular reactor, and the distance from each biochar particle electrode 17 to the graphite rod 1 is the same.
[0034] The electro-Fenton reactor described in this invention preferably also includes a DC regulated power supply, a gas conduit, and electrode wires.
[0035] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned electro-Fenton reactor in the degradation of wastewater.
[0036] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] Commercially available disposable chopsticks were placed in a tube furnace, and nitrogen gas was introduced to remove oxygen from the quartz tube. The temperature was raised to 600℃ at a heating rate of 10℃ / min, and the carbonization reaction was carried out for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the chopsticks were removed, and the bamboo biochar obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis was treated with 1 mol / L HCl solution at room temperature for 12 hours. Then, the chopsticks were washed with distilled water until the pH of the distilled water washing solution was 7.0. The chopsticks were dried in a forced-air dryer, and the prepared bamboo biochar was cut into biochar particles with a length of 1 cm and an equivalent particle size of 5 mm. Biochar granules are packed into a circular frame with 2 mm pores. The upper packing cover 14 is then sealed, and the frame is fitted into the cylindrical airway layer 1 and fixed by rotation using the limiting assembly 11, with a limiting angle of 1°, resulting in the following: Figure 1 The biomass particle electrode shown has pores with a diameter of 0.5 mm on the cylindrical airway layer. like Figure 4 As shown, a graphite rod 16 is placed at the center of a circular reactor, and four biochar particle electrodes 17 are evenly distributed along the outer circumference of the circular reactor, with each biochar particle electrode 17 being equidistant from the graphite rod 16. Other auxiliary equipment or materials include a DC regulated power supply, gas conduit, and electrode wires. It is confirmed that the biochar electrodes are packed tightly and without short circuits. The aeration system is checked, the graphite rod is connected to the anode, and the four biochar electrodes are connected in parallel to the cathode to obtain the electro-Fenton reactor device.
[0039] Performance testing
[0040] The electro-Fenton reactor prepared above was used to treat perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) wastewater with a PFOA concentration of 10 mg / L, a residence time of 120 min, a FeSO4·7H2O concentration of 0.5 mmol / L, and a Na2SO4 concentration of 50 mmol / L. First, no electricity was applied for 30 min to allow PFOA to adsorb onto the biochar until saturation. Then, gas was introduced for 15 min at a flow rate of 0.5–1 L / min·electrode, and the bubble size was adjusted by rotating the gas channel. Finally, electricity was applied, and the voltage was controlled at 5–7 V. The concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorocarboxylic acids were determined using a Waters e2695 high-performance liquid chromatograph. The chromatographic column was a Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 1.7 µm 2.1 × 100 mm. Mobile phase A was 5 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution, and mobile phase B was chromatographically pure methanol. The gradient was 0–3 min, 30% B → 95% B, held for 2 min, and the flow rate was 0.3 mL / min. Fluoride ion concentration was determined using a Thermo Scientific Dionex ICS-1100 chromatographic column (Dionex AS19) with a KOH gradient of 10–40 mmol / L. TOC concentration was determined using a Sievers M9e Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. H₂O₂ was determined using KI spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 350 nm. The pH was adjusted to 3. The results are shown below. Figures 5-8 .
[0041] (1) Figure 5 The figure shows the removal effect of the electro-Fenton reactor device on the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Without adjusting the pH value of the PFOA wastewater, with the output current of the regulated power supply at 0.5 A and the aeration rate at 0.2 L / min, the device can rapidly degrade PFOA. The degradation rate is 38% in the first 20 minutes, 76% in 60 minutes, and reaches 92.6% in 120 minutes.
[0042] (2) Figure 6 The figure shows the defluorination effect of the electro-Fenton reactor device in degrading perfluorooctanoic acid. The products of the device in degrading perfluorooctanoic acid include short-chain fluorinated compounds such as perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorovalerate, perfluorobutyric acid, perfluoropropionic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid, as well as fluoride ions. The defluorination efficiency can reach 58.5% within 120 minutes.
[0043] (3) Figure 7 The figure shows the kinetic analysis of the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using an electro-Fenton reactor. The degradation process follows a pseudo-first-order reaction with a kinetic constant of 0.0237 ± 0.0003 min⁻¹. -1 .
[0044] (4) Figure 8 The figure shows the effect of catalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using an electro-Fenton reactor. The device reduces oxygen to H2O2 at the cathode through a 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction. In the early stage, the reaction rate is high and the accumulation of H2O2 at the cathode is low. As the reaction rate decreases, the accumulation of H2O2 at the cathode gradually increases. After 120 min, the accumulation of H2O2 at the cathode is 0.78 mg / L.
[0045] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a biochar particle electrode for a heterogeneous electro-Fenton system. Through the integrated design of the gas channel electrode, the oxygen mass transfer distance is significantly reduced, and the mass transfer efficiency is greatly improved. The rotation of the inner and outer gas channels adjusts the bubble size and aeration intensity, thereby improving aeration efficiency. Using the biochar particle electrode of the present invention as the cathode, under conditions of no adjustment to the acidity of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) wastewater, a regulated power supply output current of 0.5 A, and an air pump aeration flow rate of 0.2 L / min, the electro-Fenton reactor containing the biochar particle electrode can degrade 92.6% of PFOA within 120 minutes, generating perfluorocarboxylic acids and fluoride ions.
[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A biochar particle electrode, characterized in that, The biochar particle electrode comprises a cylindrical air channel layer (1) and a biochar filler annular layer (2) covering the outside of the cylindrical air channel layer (1) from inside to outside, the cylindrical air channel layer (1) comprises an inner layer cylindrical air channel (3) and an outer layer cylindrical air channel (4), the outer layer cylindrical air channel (4) is nested outside the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3); the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3) and the outer layer cylindrical air channel (4) are uniformly provided with a plurality of air holes (10) on the side surface; The top of the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3) is sealed by an air channel cover plate (18), and the bottom of the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3) is provided with a base; The bottom of the outer layer cylindrical air channel (4) is fixed on a circular slide rail (7) through a sliding groove (8), and the top of the outer layer cylindrical air channel (4) is fixed with the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3) through a limiting assembly (11); The biochar filler annular layer (2) is connected with the base of the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3) through a fixing screw (9); the biochar filler annular layer (2) comprises biochar particles and a circular ring frame; The base of the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3) is provided with a circular slide rail (7) and a fixing screw (9); The biochar particle electrode further comprises a pneumatic interface (5), a pressure relief valve (6) and a filler cover plate (14); The pneumatic interface (5) is embedded in the top of the inner layer cylindrical air channel (3), the pressure relief valve (6) is arranged on the air channel cover plate (18), and the filler cover plate (14) is arranged on the top of the biochar filler annular layer (2).
2. The biochar particle electrode of claim 1, wherein, The cylindrical air channel layer (3) is made of stainless steel.
3. The biochar particle electrode of claim 1, wherein, The limiting assembly (11) comprises a magnetic attraction structure, the limiting assembly (11) is provided with a limiting screw, and the limiting assembly is rotationally limited through the meshing of the inner and outer layer gear rings, and the minimum limiting angle is greater than 0.5°.
4. The biochar particle electrode of claim 1, wherein, In the air hole (10), the distance between adjacent air holes is twice the diameter of the air hole.
5. The biochar particle electrode of claim 1, wherein, The raw materials of the biochar particles include bamboo chopsticks, hickory or coconut shells, the length of the biochar particles is 1 cm, and the equivalent particle diameter is 5 mm to 2 cm.
6. The biochar particle electrode of claim 5, wherein, The biochar filler annular layer (2) is sealed up and down, the side surface of the circular ring frame is provided with a hole (15), and the hole diameter of the hole (15) is less than 0.5 times the particle size of the biochar particles.
7. The biochar particle electrode of claim 6, wherein, The material of the circular ring frame is polyethylene or polypropylene. The filler cover plate (14) is of a buckle type.
8. The biochar particle electrode of claim 5, wherein, The biochar particle electrode further comprises an electrode interface (12), and the electrode interface (12) is inserted into the inside of the pneumatic interface (5).
9. An electro-Fenton reactor characterized in that, The electro-Fenton reactor comprises a graphite rod (1) and a biochar particle electrode (2); the electro-Fenton reactor further comprises a direct current stabilized power supply, a gas conduit and an electrode wire.
10. The electro-Fenton reactor according to any one of claims 1-9 is used for degrading wastewater.