Method for controllably extracting alpha-solanine and alpha-canthine from solanaceae plants

Abstract

The invention provides a method for controllably extracting alpha-solanine and alpha-canthine from solanaceae plants, which comprises the following steps: crushing solanaceae plant raw materials, extracting with an acidic alcohol solution, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline, collecting precipitates, decoloring and removing impurities with an alkaline alcohol solution, and drying to obtain the alpha-solanine and alpha-canthine. And the ratio of alpha-solanine to alpha-canthine in the extract is regulated and controlled by regulating the ratio of the alkaline solution to alcohol in the alkaline alcohol solution. The method is high in extraction rate and simple to operate, the obtained extract is relatively high in purity, the ratio of alpha-solanine to alpha-canthine is controllable, and the use requirements of various application scenes can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant extraction and purification technology, specifically to a method for the controlled extraction of α-solanine and α-carbohydrate from Solanaceae plants. Background Technology

[0002] Solanine is an alkaloid with a distinctive odor and high toxicity. It is readily soluble in acids, insoluble in alkalis, slightly soluble in water, and practically insoluble in most nonpolar organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, and benzene. Solanine includes α-solanine, β-solanine, γ-solanine, α-carboxine, β-carboxine, and γ-carboxine, with α-solanine and α-carboxine being the most common and the main components.

[0003] Solanine possesses antitumor, antimalarial, antimicrobial, plasma and low-density lipoprotein lowering, cholesterol lowering, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cardiotonic, and analgesic effects. In recent years, there have been increasing reports on its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The pharmacological mechanisms and effects of α-solanine and α-carbohydrate differ depending on the ratio. For example, in terms of anti-inflammation, α-solanine can negatively regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, while α-carbohydrate mainly achieves its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the AP-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, α-carbohydrate is more likely to damage the cell membrane of erythrocytes, and when the ratio of α-solanine to α-carbohydrate is 1:1, the two exhibit the strongest synergistic effect in lysing erythrocytes.

[0004] However, there are few research reports on the regulation of the proportion of α-solanine and α-carboxine in the extracted solanine. Therefore, if the proportion of α-solanine and α-carboxine in the prepared solanine can be adjusted, it is expected to meet the needs of various application scenarios.

[0005] In the process of extracting and preparing solanine, it is necessary to not only consider simplifying the operation process, saving time and preparation costs to facilitate large-scale production, but also to pay attention to the appearance, storage stability, and purity of the solanine extract to ensure its convenience, effectiveness, and stability during use.

[0006] The solanine extraction method disclosed in CN108205033A involves multiple ultrasonic extractions with an alcohol solvent and multiple separations with a mixed alkaline solution to obtain a solution containing solanine. This method lacks a decolorization and impurity removal step, and the obtained solanine is in solution form, increasing the risk to its storage stability.

[0007] CN111214581A discloses a method for preparing a total alkaloid extract from black nightshade fruit. The method involves extracting the total alkaloids from the fruit using alcohol solvent reflux, ultrasonication, or percolation. After concentration and extraction to separate the primary extract, the final extract undergoes macroporous resin adsorption, alcohol solvent elution for impurity removal, organic solvent extraction, further concentration to remove the organic solvent, and drying to obtain an extract containing various solanines. However, this method involves multiple elution and impurity removal processes, including macroporous resin adsorption, multiple alcohol solvent elutions and concentrations, and multiple organic solvent extractions. This process is inefficient, time-consuming, and unsuitable for large-scale production. Furthermore, the total alkaloid content obtained is only 45%–70%, indicating low purity.

[0008] CN101108872B and CN101108224B disclose a method for extracting solanine and its application. The method involves extraction with an acidic solution, followed by resin adsorption, elution with an alcohol solvent, precipitation with an alkaline solution, and drying. The solanine is then dissolved in an organic solvent and separated by column chromatography or recrystallization and filtration. Although the purity of solanine obtained by the method can reach over 90%, the decolorization and impurity removal process is complex and requires the use of chromatography columns or recrystallization equipment, which is time-consuming and costly.

[0009] The solanine extraction method disclosed in CN102234306A uses black nightshade as raw material. The material is pulverized, ammonified for 2-3 hours, added to an extraction vessel, and extracted using supercritical CO2 with methanol solution as an entrainer for 2-3 hours. The extract is then analyzed to recover the reagents. The extract is washed with petroleum ether, separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with ELSD detection, and the fraction is collected. The reagents are recovered, recrystallized from methanol, and dried to obtain high-purity solanine. Although this method yields high-purity solanine, the extraction and separation equipment is expensive.

[0010] CN101337001B discloses a method for preparing Solanum nigrum extract, which involves alcohol extraction and H2... + The extract is obtained by adsorption using HD-8 strong acid cation exchange resin, followed by elution with water, ethanol, and alkaline ethanol. The eluted portion containing alkaline ethanol is collected and concentrated to obtain an extract containing solanine, solanine, and arbutin. However, this method is complex and makes it difficult to effectively control the proportions of the substances in the extract. The role of alkaline ethanol is to use its hydroxide ions to displace and elute the extract from the cation exchange resin. The eluent is then collected to obtain the extract.

[0011] The solanine extraction method disclosed in US7078063B2 uses an acidic solvent for extraction, followed by precipitation under alkaline conditions. After washing and drying, the extract is further extracted with an organic solvent, and the supernatant is dried to obtain the final extract. The obtained extract mainly consists of two components: solanine and solanine alkaloid. Although the method has fewer steps, the proportions of these two components cannot be adjusted in any single step; only a rough range can be obtained through process operation. Furthermore, the dried product appears slightly yellow when dissolved in water, indicating insufficient decolorization and affecting the product's appearance.

[0012] Existing technologies reveal that most current extraction and preparation processes for high-purity solanine products suffer from drawbacks such as cumbersome operations, long processing times, and high costs. Conversely, simpler extraction processes often result in low purity, poor stability, incomplete decolorization, and low yields. Furthermore, there are currently no reports on controlling the ratio of α-solanine and α-carboxine in solanine extracts through process adjustments; methods are limited to one or a fixed ratio of α-solanine and α-carboxine, thus restricting their application. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention proposes a method for the controllable extraction of α-solanine and α-carboxine from Solanaceae plants. The method involves extraction with an acidic alcohol solution, enrichment by alkaline precipitation, and decolorization and impurity removal with an alkaline alcohol solution to prepare the α-solanine and α-carboxine extracts. This method, through the synergistic treatment of acidic and alkaline alcohol solutions, achieves maximum extraction of α-solanine and α-carboxine from Solanaceae plants while simultaneously enabling the one-step extraction of a controllable ratio of α-solanine and α-carboxine.

[0014] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for the controlled extraction of α-solanine and α-carboxine from Solanaceae plants. The method comprises: pulverizing Solanaceae plant raw materials, extracting them with an acidic alcohol solution, adjusting the pH to alkaline, collecting the precipitate, and adding an alkaline alcohol solution to the precipitate to obtain the α-solanine and α-carboxine.

[0015] Furthermore, the solanaceous plant raw materials include one or more of the following: black nightshade, potato, tomato, eggplant, or ginseng fruit.

[0016] Furthermore, the parts of the Solanaceae plant material used include one or more of the following: fruit, pericarp, leaves, roots, or stems.

[0017] In some embodiments, the solanaceous plant material is black nightshade fruit or potato.

[0018] Furthermore, raw material crushing includes drying the raw materials before crushing them.

[0019] Further, the drying temperature is 30 to 100°C, for example, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90 or 100°C; more preferably, it is 40 to 80°C or 60 to 80°C.

[0020] Furthermore, the acidic alcohol solution is obtained by mixing an acidic solution with an alcohol.

[0021] Furthermore, the acidic substance in the acidic solution is an organic acid.

[0022] Furthermore, the organic acid includes one or more of formic acid, acetic acid, or oxalic acid.

[0023] In some embodiments, the acidic substance is acetic acid.

[0024] Furthermore, the alcohol is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropanol, or n-butanol.

[0025] Furthermore, the mass percentage of the acidic substance in the acidic solution constituting the acidic alcohol solution is 20% to 100%, for example, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, preferably 50% to 100%.

[0026] Further, the volume ratio of the acidic solution to the alcohol in the acidic alcohol solution is 1:1 to 1:20, for example, 1:(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20).

[0027] Furthermore, the mass-to-volume ratio of the pulverized material to the acidic alcohol solution is 1:3 to 1:20 (g / ml), for example, 1:(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, etc.) (g / ml).

[0028] Furthermore, the extraction is a stirring extraction, with a stirring speed of 50 to 500 r / min, such as 50, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 r / min, and more preferably 50 to 300 r / min.

[0029] Furthermore, the extraction temperature is 30–80°C, such as 30, 40, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 80°C, and more preferably 40–60°C or 60–80°C.

[0030] Furthermore, the extraction time is 10 to 100 min, such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 min, more preferably 20 to 60 min.

[0031] This invention utilizes an acidic alcohol solution and, by controlling the acid concentration, improves the extraction rate of α-solanin and α-carboxine. This is mainly because, on the one hand, the higher concentration of acid in the acidic alcohol solution can destroy the cell walls, cell membranes, and other cellular structures of the Solanaceae plant raw materials, allowing α-solanin and α-carboxine to be fully released; on the other hand, the introduction of alcohol into the acidic alcohol solution can reduce the hydrolysis of α-solanin and α-carboxine extracts, reducing the risk of degradation, and can also increase the solubility of α-solanin and α-carboxine. This allows the process to extract α-solanin and α-carboxine from Solanaceae plants to the greatest extent possible with a low-energy stirring method. Therefore, compared to simply using acidic solutions to extract α-solanine and α-carboxane from Solanaceae plants, which suffer from poor stability in acidic solutions, and simply using alcohol solutions to extract Solanaceae plants, which suffers from low exchange efficiency between intracellular substances and alcohol solvents leading to low extraction rates of α-solanine and α-carboxane, this invention uses acidic alcohol solutions of suitable concentrations to extract α-solanine and α-carboxane from Solanaceae plant raw materials, resulting in a higher extraction rate.

[0032] Furthermore, the extraction process further includes concentration and acid dissolution steps.

[0033] Furthermore, the concentration includes distillation, such as vacuum rotary distillation, to concentrate the solanine extract to 5%-10% of its original volume.

[0034] Furthermore, the temperature of the vacuum rotary distillation is 30–80°C, for example, 30, 40, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 or 80°C, preferably 60–70°C.

[0035] Furthermore, the mass percentage of the acidic substance in the acidic solution used for acid dissolution is 1% to 20%, for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, or 20%, preferably 4% to 15%.

[0036] Further, the acid dissolution involves adding at least two volumes of acidic solution to the concentrate, preferably two to five volumes (e.g., two, three, four, or five times) of acidic solution.

[0037] Furthermore, the acid dissolution is carried out under stirring. The stirring time is 10 to 50 minutes, for example, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 minutes, etc., preferably 10 to 30 minutes.

[0038] Further, the acid-dissolved solution is centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, and then the pH is adjusted to alkaline.

[0039] Furthermore, adjusting the pH to alkaline means adjusting the pH to 8-14, such as 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc., preferably 10-13.

[0040] Furthermore, the pH-adjusting substance is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or ammonia water.

[0041] Furthermore, the collection of precipitate includes adjusting the pH to alkaline, allowing it to stand, and then performing solid-liquid separation.

[0042] Furthermore, the settling temperature is 1-10℃, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10℃.

[0043] Furthermore, the settling time is 0.5-5 hours, for example, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 or 5 hours.

[0044] Furthermore, the alkaline alcohol solution is obtained by mixing an alkaline solution with an alcohol.

[0045] Furthermore, the alkaline alcohol solution is alkaline.

[0046] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the alkaline solution to the alcohol in the alkaline alcohol solution is 1:99 to 90:10, for example, 1:99, 5:95, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, etc., preferably 5:95 to 70:30.

[0047] Further, the mass percentage of alkaline substances in the alkaline solution is 0.01% to 10.0%, for example, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%, more preferably 0.1% to 5.0%.

[0048] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the alkaline alcohol solution to the precipitate is 3:1 to 30:1, for example, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1 or 30:1, etc.

[0049] Furthermore, the alcohol includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropanol, or n-butanol.

[0050] In some embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol.

[0051] Furthermore, the alkaline substance in the alkaline solution includes one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or ammonia water.

[0052] In some embodiments, the alkaline substance is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the alcohol is ethanol.

[0053] Through extensive research, the inventors discovered that while alcohol systems have a good decolorizing effect on solanine extract precipitation, significant losses occur during the decolorization process due to the dissolution of α-solanine in alcohol. Therefore, by introducing an alkaline solution into the alcohol, making the overall system alkaline, the alkaline alcohol solution, while maintaining a good decolorizing effect, ensures that α-solanine remains insoluble in alcohol, thus preserving its precipitate form and reducing losses. Furthermore, as the alcohol concentration in the alkaline alcohol solution increases, the solubility of α-carboxane gradually increases. Therefore, by adjusting the alcohol concentration in the alkaline alcohol solution, controllable extraction of α-solanine and α-carboxane extracts can be achieved.

[0054] In summary, this invention first treats Solanaceae plant raw materials with an acidic alcohol solution, which minimizes the loss of α-solanine and α-carboxine extracts. Then, it further treats them with an alkaline alcohol solution. By utilizing the difference in solubility of α-carboxine in alkaline alcohol solutions of different concentrations, the ratio of alkaline solution to alcohol in the alkaline alcohol solution can be controlled, resulting in a solanine extract with high purity and a controllable ratio of α-solanine and α-carboxine, thus meeting the needs of various application scenarios.

[0055] The method further includes collecting the precipitate and drying it to obtain the α-solanine and α-carboxine. Further, the drying includes one or more of vacuum drying, freeze drying, and natural drying.

[0056] In some embodiments, the drying is freeze-drying or natural drying.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, the method includes:

[0058] Step 1): Crush the Solanaceae plant material to obtain crushed material;

[0059] Step 2): The crushed material is treated with an acidic alcohol solution for extraction to obtain an extract filtrate;

[0060] Step 3): Concentrate the extract filtrate to 5%–10% of its original volume to obtain a concentrated solution;

[0061] Step 4): Add an acidic solution to the concentrate, centrifuge and collect the supernatant;

[0062] Step 5): Adjust the pH of the supernatant to 8-14 and collect the precipitate;

[0063] Step 6): Add an alkaline alcohol solution to the precipitate to obtain α-solanine and α-carbohydrate.

[0064] In some specific embodiments, the method includes:

[0065] Step 1): Dry the raw material of Solanaceae plants at 30-100℃ and then crush it to obtain broken material.

[0066] Step 2): Add acidic alcohol solution, stir and extract at 30-80℃ and 50-500 r / min for 10-100 min, filter, and obtain the extract filtrate; wherein, the volume ratio of acidic solution to alcohol in the acidic alcohol solution is 1:100 to 1:1, the mass percentage of acidic substances in the acidic solution is 20% to 100%, and the mass-volume ratio of crushed material to acidic alcohol solution is 1:3 to 1:20 (g / ml).

[0067] Step 3): The extract filtrate is concentrated to 5% to 10% of its original volume by rotary distillation under reduced pressure at 30 to 80°C to obtain a concentrated solution.

[0068] Step 4): Add an acidic solution with a mass percentage of 1% to 20% to the concentrate, stir for 10-50 minutes, centrifuge and collect the supernatant.

[0069] Step 5): Add an alkaline solution to the supernatant to adjust the pH to 8-14, let it stand, and collect the precipitate by solid-liquid separation;

[0070] Preferably, the settling temperature is 1-10℃.

[0071] Preferably, the settling time is 0.5-5 hours.

[0072] Step 6): Add alkaline alcohol solution to the precipitate, stir, and centrifuge the suspension to collect the precipitate; wherein, the volume ratio of alkaline solution to alcohol in the alkaline alcohol solution is 1:99 to 90:10, and the mass ratio of alkaline alcohol solution to precipitate is 3:1 to 30:1.

[0073] Step 7): Dry the precipitate obtained in step 6).

[0074] The mass ratio of α-solanine to α-carboxine in the solanine is 1:(0.2~2.0).

[0075] A second aspect of the present invention provides α-solanine and α-carboxine obtained by the above method.

[0076] A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of α-solanine and α-carbohydrate obtained by the method in the preparation of medicaments for treating tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammation, pain, and pathogenic microbial infections.

[0077] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a medicament comprising α-solanine and α-carboxine obtained by the above method.

[0078] The drug also includes pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

[0079] The drug can be administered via any suitable route of administration, such as gastrointestinal (e.g., oral) or non-gastrointestinal (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intra-organ, intranasal, intraocular, intravenous, intracerebral, intrathecal, transdermal, rectal, etc.).

[0080] The drug can be any suitable dosage form, such as a gastrointestinal or non-gastrointestinal dosage form, preferably including but not limited to tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, lozenges, syrups, liquids, emulsions, microemulsions, suspensions, injections, sprays, aerosols, powder inhalers, lotions, ointments, plasters, pastes, patches, eye drops, nasal drops, sublingual tablets, suppositories, effervescent tablets, pellets, gels, etc.

[0081] The various dosage forms of the drug can be prepared according to conventional pharmaceutical production methods.

[0082] The drug may contain 0.01-99.5% (specifically, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%) of the solanine by weight.

[0083] The drug is for human or veterinary use.

[0084] The diseases treated by the drug include tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammation, pain, and pathogenic microbial infections.

[0085] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for treating a disease, the method comprising administering to a subject in need α-solanine and α-carbohydrate obtained by the above method or the above-described drugs.

[0086] The administration method can be carried out via any suitable route of administration, such as gastrointestinal administration (e.g., oral administration) or non-gastrointestinal administration (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intra-organ, intranasal, intraocular, infusion, intracerebral, intrathecal, transdermal, rectal, etc.).

[0087] The diseases mentioned include tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammation, pain, and pathogenic microbial infections.

[0088] The term "tumor" as used in this invention can refer to any undesirable cell proliferation (or any disease that manifests as undesirable cell proliferation), vegetation, or an increased tendency or risk of undesirable cell proliferation, vegetation, or tumor. It can be benign or malignant, and can be primary or secondary (metastatic). A vegetation can be any abnormal growth or proliferation of cells and can be located in any tissue. Examples of tissues include the adrenal glands, adrenal medulla, anus, appendix, bladder, blood, bone, bone marrow, brain, mammary glands, cecum, central nervous system (including or excluding the cerebrum), cerebellum, cervix, colon, duodenum, endometrium, epithelial cells (e.g., renal epithelial cells), gallbladder, esophagus, glial cells, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidneys, lacrimal glands, larynx, liver, lungs, lymph nodes, lymphoblasts, maxilla, mediastinum, mesentery, myometrium, nasopharynx, omentum, oral cavity, ovary, pancreas, parotid gland, peripheral nervous system, peritoneum, pleura, prostate, salivary glands, sigmoid colon, skin, small intestine, soft tissue, spleen, stomach, testes, thymus, thyroid gland, tongue, tonsils, trachea, uterus, vulva, and leukocytes. More preferably, the tumor is selected from prostate cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, glioma (e.g., neuroglioma), colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, skin cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian cancer, placental choriocarcinoma, lymphoma (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), leukemia, rectal adenocarcinoma, medulloblastoma, meningioma, neurofibroma (e.g., neurofibrosarcoma), ependymoma, schwannoma, astrocytoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, epidermoid carcinoma, colon cancer, thymic carcinoma, hematologic malignancy, head and neck cancer, or oropharyngeal carcinoma.

[0089] The "cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases" mentioned in this invention include cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac structural lesions, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and stroke.

[0090] The "inflammation" described in this invention can be inflammation of any tissue, including but not limited to the adrenal glands, adrenal medulla, anus, appendix, bladder, blood, bone, bone marrow, brain, mammary glands, cecum, central nervous system (including or excluding the cerebrum), cerebellum, cervix, colon, duodenum, endometrium, epithelial cells (e.g., renal epithelial cells), gallbladder, esophagus, glial cells, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidney, lacrimal gland, larynx, liver, lung, lymph nodes, lymphoblasts, maxilla, mediastinum, mesentery, myometrium, nasopharynx, omentum, oral cavity, ovary, pancreas, parotid gland, peripheral nervous system, peritoneum, pleura, prostate, salivary glands, sigmoid colon, skin, small intestine, soft tissue, spleen, stomach, testes, thymus, thyroid gland, tongue, tonsils, trachea, uterus, vulva, and leukocytes. More preferably, the inflammation is selected from systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, scleroderma, asthma, atopic dermatitis, organ-specific inflammatory diseases, allergies (e.g., allergic rhinitis), folliculitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, nephritis, acne, autoimmune diseases, chronic prostatitis, glomerulonephritis, hypersensitivity reactions, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, reperfusion injury, transplant rejection, vasculitis, or interstitial cystitis.

[0091] The "pathogenic microorganisms" described in this invention can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Examples of viruses include influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, herpesviruses (e.g., HSV-1, EBV), measles virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, or human papillomavirus. Examples of parasites include protozoa (e.g., Plasmodium), worms, or arthropods.

[0092] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" as used in this invention refers to the biological activity and characteristics of the active substances in the applied product that neither significantly stimulate the organism nor inhibit it.

[0093] The "pharmaceuticalally acceptable excipients" mentioned in this invention include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: excipients, diluents, wetting agents, fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrants, antioxidants, buffers, suspending agents, solubilizers, thickeners, stabilizers, flavoring agents, and preservatives.

[0094] The term "treatment" as used in this invention refers to slowing down, interrupting, preventing, controlling, stopping, alleviating, reducing, or reversing a sign, symptom, disorder, condition, or progression or severity of a disease after it has begun to develop, but does not necessarily involve the complete elimination of all disease-related signs, symptoms, conditions, or disorders.

[0095] The term "effective amount" as used in this invention refers to the amount or dose of solanine or the drug of this invention that provides the desired treatment or prevention after being administered to an individual or organ in one or more doses.

[0096] The "subject" described in this invention can be a human or a non-human mammal, or a cell, tissue, or organ of a human or non-human mammal. The non-human mammal can be a wild animal, a zoo animal, an economically important animal, a pet, a laboratory animal, etc. Preferably, the non-human mammal includes, but is not limited to, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, donkeys, foxes, raccoon dogs, minks, camels, dogs, cats, rabbits, mice (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils, chinchillas, squirrels), or monkeys, etc.

[0097] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0098] 1. This invention utilizes an acidic alcohol solution and, by controlling the acid concentration, improves the extraction degree of α-solanic acid and α-carboxine. This is mainly because, on the one hand, the higher concentration of acid in the acidic alcohol solution can destroy the cell walls, cell membranes, and other cell structures of the Solanaceae plant raw materials, allowing α-solanic acid and α-carboxine to be fully released; on the other hand, the introduction of alcohol into the acidic alcohol solution can reduce the hydrolysis of α-solanic acid and α-carboxine extracts, reducing the risk of degradation, and can also increase the solubility of α-solanic acid and α-carboxine. This allows the process to extract α-solanic acid and α-carboxine from Solanaceae plants to the greatest extent possible with a low-energy stirring method. Therefore, compared to simply using acidic solutions to extract α-solanine and α-carboxane from Solanaceae plants, which suffer from poor stability in acidic solutions, and simply using alcohol solutions to extract Solanaceae plants, which suffers from low extraction rates due to low exchange efficiency between intracellular substances in the Solanaceae plant material and the alcohol solvent, this invention uses an acidic alcohol solution of suitable concentration to extract α-solanine and α-carboxane from Solanaceae plants, resulting in a higher extraction rate.

[0099] 2. Through extensive research, the inventors discovered that although alcohol systems have a good decolorizing effect on solanine extract precipitation, significant losses occur during the decolorization process due to the dissolution of α-solanine in alcohol. Therefore, by introducing an alkaline solution into the alcohol, making the overall system alkaline, the alkaline alcohol solution, while maintaining a good decolorizing effect, ensures that α-solanine remains insoluble in alcohol, thus maintaining its precipitate form and reducing losses. Furthermore, as the alcohol concentration in the alkaline alcohol solution increases, the solubility of α-carboxane gradually increases. Therefore, by adjusting the alcohol concentration in the alkaline alcohol solution, controllable extraction of α-solanine and α-carboxane extracts can be achieved.

[0100] 3. This invention utilizes the synergistic treatment of Solanaceae plant raw materials with acidic and alkaline alcohol solutions. By first treating the Solanaceae plant raw materials with an acidic alcohol solution, the alkaline alcohol solution can be used for further treatment with minimal loss of α-solanine and α-carboxine extracts. By utilizing the difference in solubility of α-carboxine in alkaline alcohol solutions of different concentrations, the ratio of alkaline solution to alcohol in the alkaline alcohol solution can be controlled, resulting in a solanine extract with a controllable ratio of α-solanine and α-carboxine. Furthermore, the α-solanine and α-carboxine extracts are white in color, have high purity, high yield, and high stability (no significant changes in color and content during long-term storage). Compared with decolorization and impurity removal methods using resin adsorption or chromatography column elution, the present invention directly uses alkaline alcohol solution for decolorization and impurity removal, which has the advantages of simple operation, short time consumption and low cost. Compared with common secondary acid dissolution and alkaline precipitation decolorization and impurity removal methods and pure organic solvent decolorization and impurity removal methods, the solanine product obtained by the present invention has the advantages of white color, high purity, good stability and high yield, which can meet the needs of various application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0101] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0102] Figure 1 High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characteristic chromatograms of α-solanine, α-carboxane, and α-solanine standards in the final product of Example 1 (Sample Group 1) (Top: Sample Group 1, Bottom: α-solanine standards).

[0103] Figure 2 Example 1 (sample group 1): Color comparison chart of solanine extracts with comparative examples 3-5.

[0104] Figure 3 High-performance liquid chromatography characteristic spectra of sample groups 2, 3, and 6 in Example 2.

[0105] Figure 4 Stability graphs of the final products of sample group 8 (top row) of Example 3 and Comparative Example 7 (bottom row) at 0 days, 30 days, and 180 days. Detailed Implementation

[0106] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0107] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are conventional experimental methods and reagents in the art.

[0108] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0109] Unless otherwise specified, the parts, percentages, or proportions mentioned in the embodiments of this invention are based on mass.

[0110] Example 1

[0111] Sample group 1:

[0112] 1. Take green black nightshade fruits, chop them, dry them at 80℃, and then grind them for later use.

[0113] 2. Use a mixed solution of acetic acid solution / anhydrous ethanol at a volume ratio of 1 / 10 as the extraction solution, wherein the mass percentage of acetic acid in the acetic acid solution is 50%. Take 50g of crushed black nightshade fruit and make its mass-volume ratio with the extraction solution 1:10 (g / ml). Extract at 60℃ and 200r / min for 30min. Filter to obtain the filtrate.

[0114] 3. Concentrate the extract filtrate to 5% of its original volume by rotary distillation under reduced pressure at 60°C.

[0115] 4. Add 5% (by mass) of glacial acetic acid (3 times the volume of the concentrate) to the concentrate, stir for 20 minutes, centrifuge and collect the supernatant.

[0116] 5. While stirring, slowly add 5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution to the supernatant to adjust the pH of the solution to 12. Let it stand at 2°C for 1 hour, then centrifuge to collect the lower precipitate.

[0117] 6. Add 5 times the mass of the precipitate to a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 50% ethanol (50% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol and 50% is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 1%), stir until the precipitate is uniformly suspended in the solution, centrifuge the suspension and remove the lower precipitate layer.

[0118] 7. Freeze-dry the precipitate after centrifugation.

[0119] Referring to standard DB64T1718-2020 "Determination of Solanine (α-Solanine and α-Carboxane) in Potatoes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography", the final products of Example 1 (Sample Group 1) and the α-Solanine standard were detected using high performance liquid chromatography. The chromatograms are shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0120] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the spectrum of the final product of sample group 1 shows two distinct characteristic peaks, corresponding to α-solanine and α-carboxine, respectively. The characteristic peak of α-solanine is similar to that of the α-solanine standard. Figure 1 The positions are consistent (as shown in the image below), indicating that the solanine extract is a mixture of α-solanine and α-carboxine.

[0121] Comparative Example 1

[0122] 1. Take green black nightshade fruits, chop them, dry them at 80℃, and then grind them for later use.

[0123] 2. Using a 0.1% (mass percentage) acetic acid solution as the extraction solution, take 50g of crushed black nightshade fruit and make its mass-to-volume ratio with the extraction solution 1:10 (g / ml). Extract at 60℃ with stirring at 200r / min for 30min, filter, and obtain the extraction filtrate.

[0124] Comparative Example 2

[0125] 1. Take green black nightshade fruits, chop them, dry them at 80℃, and then grind them for later use.

[0126] 2. Using 91% (volume percentage) ethanol solution as the extraction solution, take 50g of crushed black nightshade fruit and make its mass-volume ratio with the extraction solution 1:10 (g / ml). Extract at 60℃ with stirring at 200r / min for 30min, filter, and obtain the extraction filtrate.

[0127] The extraction rates of α-solanine and α-carboxine in the filtrate samples of Sample Group 1 of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were detected and calculated using the following formulas: α-solanine extraction rate = mass of α-solanine in the filtrate / mass of broken black nightshade fruit (g / g); α-carboxine extraction rate = mass of α-carboxine in the filtrate / mass of broken black nightshade fruit (g / g).

[0128] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0129] Table 1: Results of extraction rates of α-solanin and α-carboxane in different samples

[0130] sample α-Solanine extraction rate (‰) α-Carbohydrate extraction rate (‰) Sample group 1 0.24 0.51 Comparative Example 1 0.15 0.32 Comparative Example 2 0.14 0.30

[0131] As shown in Table 1, the extraction rates of α-solanine and α-carboxane in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are relatively close, but both are lower than those in Example 1. This indicates that the present invention utilizes the high concentration of acid in the acidic alcohol solution to disrupt cell structures such as cell walls and cell membranes, allowing α-solanine and α-carboxane to dissolve fully. Furthermore, the introduction of alcohol in the acidic alcohol solution protects the stability of the dissolved α-solanine and α-carboxane, reducing their degradation risk. Therefore, α-solanine and α-carboxane can be extracted from Solanaceae plants to the greatest extent possible, resulting in a high extraction rate. In contrast, Comparative Example 1, which uses only acid to extract Solanaceae plants, suffers from poor stability of α-solanine and α-carboxane in acidic solutions, and Comparative Example 2, which uses only alcohol to extract Solanaceae plants, suffers from low exchange efficiency between intracellular substances and the alcohol solvent, both leading to low extraction rates of α-solanine and α-carboxane.

[0132] Comparative Example 3

[0133] Except for step 6 of sample group 1 in Example 1, which involves "adding 5 times the mass of the precipitate to the precipitate in a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 50% ethanol (50% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol and 50% is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 1%), stirring until the precipitate is uniformly suspended in the solution, centrifuging the suspension, and removing the lower precipitate layer", all other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0134] Comparative Example 4

[0135] Except for replacing step 6 of sample group 1 in Example 1, which involves "adding 5 times the mass of the precipitate to a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 50% ethanol (50% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, and 50% is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 1%), stirring until the precipitate is uniformly suspended in the solution, centrifuging the suspension, and taking the lower precipitate," with "adding 5 times the mass of the precipitate to a 0.1 mol / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, stirring for 20 min, centrifuging the suspension, taking the supernatant, slowly adding 5% sodium hydroxide solution dropwise while stirring, adjusting the pH of the solution to 12, letting it stand at 10°C for 5 h, centrifuging to take the lower precipitate," all other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0136] Comparative Example 5

[0137] Except for replacing "adding 5 times the mass of the precipitate to the precipitate in step 6 of sample group 1 of Example 1 with "adding 5 times the mass of the precipitate to the precipitate in ethyl acetate", all other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0138] The appearance and color of the extract samples from Example 1 (sample group 1) and Comparative Examples 3-5 were observed, and the results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0139] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the extract of sample group 1, after decolorization and impurity removal treatment with sodium hydroxide ethanol solution, is pure white, indicating a good decolorization effect. In contrast, comparative example 3, which did not undergo decolorization treatment, is yellow. In comparative examples 4-5, the color of the extract is lighter than that of comparative example 3, but the overall color is still somewhat yellow compared to sample group 1. This indicates that the decolorization effect of the two-stage acid-solution-alkali precipitation decolorization and the organic solvent decolorization with ethyl acetate is inferior to that of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution in sample group 1.

[0140] Example 2

[0141] Sample group 2

[0142] 1. Cultivate potatoes until they turn green, take the green skin, dry it at 60℃, and crush it for later use.

[0143] 2. Use a mixed solution of acetic acid solution / anhydrous ethanol at a volume ratio of 30 / 100 as the extraction solution, wherein the mass percentage of acetic acid in the acetic acid solution is 50%. Take 50g of potato peel fragments and make the mass-volume ratio of the fragments to the extraction solution 1:10 (g / ml). Extract at 80℃ and 200r / min for 30min. Filter to obtain the filtrate.

[0144] 3. The extract filtrate was concentrated to 10% of its original volume by rotary distillation under reduced pressure at 70°C.

[0145] 4. Add 10% (by mass) glacial acetic acid (3 times the volume of the concentrate) to the concentrate, stir for 20 minutes, centrifuge and collect the supernatant.

[0146] 5. While stirring, slowly add 10wt% sodium hydroxide solution to the supernatant to adjust the pH of the solution to 12. Let it stand at 2℃ for 1 hour, then centrifuge to collect the lower precipitate.

[0147] 6. Add 20 times the mass of the precipitate to a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 90% ethanol (90% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, and 10% is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, with the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution being 1.0%), stir until the precipitate is uniformly suspended in the solution, centrifuge the suspension, and remove the lower precipitate layer.

[0148] 7. Place the precipitate after centrifugation in a ventilated area to allow it to air dry naturally.

[0149] Sample group 3

[0150] Except for replacing "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 90% ethanol (90% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 10% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)" in step 6 of sample group 2 with "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 70% ethanol (70% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 30% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)", all other operations are the same as those in sample group 2.

[0151] Sample group 4

[0152] Except for replacing "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 90% ethanol (90% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 10% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)" in step 6 of sample group 2 with "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 60% ethanol (60% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 40% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)", all other operations are the same as those in sample group 2.

[0153] Sample group 5

[0154] Except for replacing "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 90% ethanol (90% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 10% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)" in step 6 of sample group 2 with "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 50% ethanol (50% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 50% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)", all other operations are the same as those in sample group 2.

[0155] Sample group 6

[0156] Except for replacing "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 90% ethanol (90% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 10% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)" in step 6 of sample group 2 with "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 30% ethanol (30% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 70% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)", all other operations are the same as those in sample group 2.

[0157] Sample group 7

[0158] Except for replacing "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 90% ethanol (90% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 10% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)" in step 6 of sample group 2 with "sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 10% ethanol (10% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 90% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)", all other operations are the same as those in sample group 2.

[0159] Comparative Example 6

[0160] Except for replacing “sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 90% ethanol (90% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, 10% is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.0%)” in step 6 of sample group 2 with “90% ethanol solution (90% of the total volume of the ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, and 10% is water)”, all other operations are the same as those in sample group 2.

[0161] The yields of α-solanine and α-carboxine in the final products of each sample group in Example 2 and Comparative Example 6 were tested, and the relative proportions of the two were calculated based on the yields. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0162] Table 2: Results of the yield and relative proportion of α-solanin and α-carbohydrate in the final product

[0163]

[0164]

[0165] As shown in Table 2, in samples 2-4, where the alcohol concentration in the alkaline alcohol solution is greater than 50%, the yield of α-carbohydrate gradually increases and its proportion gradually increases as the alcohol concentration in the alkaline alcohol solution decreases, while the yield of α-solanic acid remains stable. This indicates that α-solanic acid is basically insoluble in alkaline alcohol solutions of different alcohol concentrations and no loss occurs. However, in alkaline alcohol solutions, the solubility of α-carbohydrate increases with the increase of alcohol concentration, leading to partial dissolution and loss, thus reducing the yield.

[0166] In samples 5-7, the relative proportions and yields of α-solanine and α-carboxine in the final product were similar. This means that when decolorizing with an alkaline alcohol solution of 50% or less, neither α-solanine nor α-carboxine was lost. This indicates that when the alcohol content in the alkaline alcohol solution is less than 50%, the presence of alkali can keep both α-solanine and α-carboxine in a precipitated state. Under the premise of decolorization and impurity removal, a mixture of α-solanine and α-carboxine can be effectively extracted.

[0167] The data from Comparative Example 6 shows that the yields of α-solanine and α-carboxine are much lower than those of Sample Group 2. This is mainly because the content of α-solanine and α-carboxine in Solanaceae plant raw materials is relatively low, and both have a certain solubility in 90% ethanol. Using only alcohol solution for decolorization will result in the loss of most of the α-solanine and α-carboxine, thus leading to a very low final yield.

[0168] Therefore, by utilizing the solubility characteristics of α-solanine and α-carboxine in alkaline alcohol solutions of different alcohol concentrations, this invention can effectively control the ratio of α-solanine to α-carboxine in the final product by adjusting the ratio of alkaline solution to alcohol reagent in the decolorization and impurity removal process, thus achieving controllable extraction of α-solanine and α-carboxine.

[0169] In addition, referring to standard DB64T1718-2020 "Determination of Solanine (α-Solanine and α-Carboxane) in Potatoes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography", the final products of samples 2, 3, and 6 were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the chromatograms are shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0170] from Figure 3 It can be observed that as the alcohol concentration in samples 2, 3, and 6 gradually decreases, the peak area of ​​α-solanine remains basically unchanged, with a peak area of ​​around 1400. However, the peak area of ​​α-carboxine gradually increases from around 300 in sample 2 to around 1600 in sample 3 and around 2900 in sample 6. This also indicates that the yield of α-carboxine in the extract gradually increases as the alcohol concentration in the alkaline alcohol solution decreases. Therefore, this further confirms that the controllable extraction of α-solanine and α-carboxine can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of alkaline solution to alcohol reagent.

[0171] Example 3

[0172] Sample group 8

[0173] 1. Cultivate potatoes until they turn green, cut the green potatoes into chunks, dry them at 80℃, and then grind them for later use.

[0174] 2. Use a mixed solution of acetic acid solution / anhydrous ethanol at a volume ratio of 1 / 10 as the extraction solution, wherein the mass percentage of acetic acid in the acetic acid solution is 50%. Take 50g of crushed potato material and make its mass-volume ratio with the extraction solution 1:3 (g / ml). Extract at 70℃ and 50r / min for 20min. Filter to obtain the extraction filtrate.

[0175] 3. Concentrate the extract filtrate to 5% of its original volume by rotary distillation under reduced pressure at 60°C.

[0176] 4. Add 5% (by mass) glacial acetic acid (3 times the volume of the concentrate) to the concentrate, stir for 20 minutes, centrifuge and collect the supernatant.

[0177] 5. While stirring, slowly add 20wt% sodium hydroxide solution to the supernatant to adjust the pH of the solution to 10. Let it stand at 10℃ for 5 hours, then centrifuge to collect the lower precipitate.

[0178] 6. Add 5 times the mass of the precipitate to a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 70% ethanol (70% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, and 30% is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, with the sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution having a mass percentage of 2.0%), stir until the precipitate is uniformly suspended in the solution, centrifuge the suspension, and remove the lower precipitate layer.

[0179] 7. Freeze-dry the precipitate after centrifugation.

[0180] Comparative Example 7

[0181] Except for step 6 of sample group 8 in Example 3, which involves "adding 5 times the mass of the precipitate to the precipitate in a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution containing 70% ethanol (70% of the total volume of the sodium hydroxide ethanol solution is anhydrous ethanol, and 30% is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the mass percentage of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 2.0%), stirring until the precipitate is uniformly suspended in the solution, centrifuging the suspension, and taking the lower precipitate layer", all other operations are the same as those in sample group 8.

[0182] The stability of the extracts from Example 3 (sample group 8) and Comparative Example 7 was tested. Specifically, 20 mg of the final extract from each sample group 8 and Comparative Example 7 was sealed and stored in a constant temperature and humidity environment at 40°C. Changes in the appearance of the samples were observed at 0 days, 30 days, and 180 days to demonstrate their stability. The stability of each sample is as follows: Figure 4As shown (Note: Figure 4 The top row shows the final products of sample group 8, and the bottom row shows the final products of comparative example 7.

[0183] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that in sample group 8, the extract obtained by using potatoes as raw material and decolorizing them with alkaline alcohol solution showed almost no color change after being placed at 40℃ for 180 days, indicating that the sample extracted by this method has high stability and therefore no color change. In contrast, in comparative example 7, the extract that was not decolorized was originally light green. As the storage time increased, the color gradually changed. After 30 days, the color changed from light green to light pink, and after 180 days, the color further changed from light pink to pink, indicating that the extract that was not decolorized was unstable and prone to change.

[0184] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0185] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

Claims

1. A method for the controlled extraction of α-solanine and α-chaconine from solanaceous plants, characterized in that, The method comprises: crushing a Solanaceae plant raw material, then extracting with an acidic alcohol solution, adjusting the pH to be alkaline, collecting the precipitate, adding an alkaline alcohol solution to the precipitate, and obtaining the α-solanine and α-chaconine.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The Solanaceae plant raw material comprises one or more than two combinations of Solanum nigrum, potato, tomato, eggplant, or ginseng fruit. Preferably, the use part of the Solanaceae plant raw material comprises one or more than two combinations of fruit, pericarp, leaf, root, or stem.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The volume ratio of the acidic solution to the alcohol in the acidic alcohol solution is 1:1-1:

20.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The volume ratio of the alkaline solution to the alcohol in the alkaline alcohol solution is 1:99-90:

10.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein, The acidic substance in the acidic solution is an organic acid. Preferably, the organic acid is selected from one or more than two combinations of formic acid, acetic acid, or oxalic acid. Preferably, the mass percentage of the acidic substance in the acidic solution is 20%-100%.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, The alkaline substance in the alkaline solution comprises one or more than two combinations of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or ammonia. Preferably, the mass percentage of the alkaline substance in the alkaline solution is 0.01%-10.0%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The alcohol in the acidic alcohol solution or the alkaline alcohol solution is selected from one or more than two combinations of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, or n-butanol.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method comprises: Step 1): crushing the Solanaceae plant raw material to obtain a crushed product; Step 2): treating the crushed product with an acidic alcohol solution for extraction to obtain an extraction filtrate; Step 3): concentrating the extraction filtrate to 5%-10% of the original volume to obtain a concentrated solution; Step 4): adding an acidic solution to the concentrated solution, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant; Step 5): adjusting the pH of the supernatant to 8-14, and collecting the precipitate; Step 6): adding an alkaline alcohol solution to the precipitate to obtain α-solanine and α-chaconine.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The mass-to-volume ratio of the crushed product to the acidic alcohol solution in step 2) is 1:3-1:20 (g / ml). Preferably, the extraction temperature in step 2) is 30-80°C, more preferably 60-80°C. Preferably, the extraction time in step 2) is 10-100 min, more preferably 20-60 min. Preferably, the mass ratio of the alkaline alcohol solution to the precipitate in step 6) is 3:1-30:

1.

10. Use of α-solanine and α-chaconine obtained by the method of any one of claims 1-9 in the preparation of a drug for treating tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammation, pain, and pathogenic microorganism infection.

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