Thermal separation type adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration control, and particularly relates to a thermal separation type adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling and a control method thereof. The device comprises a shell assembly, a motion conversion unit, a thrust bearing seat, an electromagnetic induction unit, a rectification energy consumption unit and a detachable counterweight unit. The core technology is characterized in that the rectification energy consumption unit is externally arranged, so that heat flow separation is achieved to prevent the induction unit from generating thermal demagnetization, and the damping performance stability is guaranteed; the thrust bearing seat is used for isolating axial load to ensure that the transmission chain only bears pure torque so as to prolong the mechanical life; through cooperation of the elastic coupler with the preset torsional rigidity and the balance weight unit, a tuning energy dissipation loop is formed through matching of the rigidity and the inertia, and precise damping aiming at the specific frequency is achieved; and in combination with an inverse speed logic control strategy, high-efficiency output in a low-speed stage and overload protection in a high-speed stage are realized. The problems of thermal failure, mechanical damage and specific frequency energy dissipation under the large-load working condition are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vibration control technology, specifically relating to a thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Electromechanical coupling technology refers to the mutual conversion of energy between mechanical and electromagnetic systems and their deep dynamic interaction. In the field of vibration control, electromechanical coupling devices typically utilize mechanisms such as ball screws to convert external linear vibration into electrode rotational motion. This causes the motor to operate in generator mode, cutting magnetic field lines to generate induced current. The energy is then dissipated as heat using the circuit resistance, thereby producing a damping force that resists vibration. These devices are widely used for vibration reduction and buffering in heavy machinery, precision instrument support, transportation vehicles, and general power equipment due to their high damping force density, fast response speed, continuously adjustable parameters, and capacitive properties.

[0003] However, existing electromechanical coupled electromagnetic damping devices still face severe technical challenges in practical engineering applications. First, thermal failure is a prominent issue. Existing technologies often highly integrate the rectifier circuit and energy-dissipating resistor within the damper housing. Under continuous high-power operation, the enormous heat generated instantaneously accumulates rapidly in the enclosed space. This not only leads to rapid deterioration of internal seals and lubricating oil, but more critically, the accumulated heat can easily trigger irreversible thermal demagnetization of the permanent magnet motor, resulting in a decrease in induced current and a significant reduction in damping torque, severely impacting the reliability and safety of the device.

[0004] Secondly, the mechanical transmission chain suffers from severe load coupling. Ball screws generate extremely high axial loads when converting massive axial forces. In current designs, due to a lack of effective force flow path planning, these axial loads often act directly on the speed-increasing gearbox or motor spindle bearings at the rear. For precision transmission components, frequent reciprocating impact loads can easily lead to physical damage such as gear breakage and bearing burnout, severely limiting the device's service life under high load and long stroke conditions.

[0005] Secondly, the flexibility of dynamic parameter tuning is insufficient. Electromechanical coupling devices possess the characteristic of generating equivalent "inertial mass" through rotating mass, but this parameter of existing devices is mostly determined by a fixed rotor or flywheel at the factory, making it difficult to perform on-site physical fine-tuning for the frequency characteristics of specific application scenarios. In addition, existing control logic often struggles to balance output enhancement under low-speed conditions with load protection under high-speed conditions, resulting in an imbalance between vibration reduction performance and equipment protection.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of thermocoupled adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling, which can achieve complete separation of heat flow and force flow through fundamental improvements in physical configuration, and provide modular and multi-level parameter control methods to solve the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling and its control method.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A thermocoupled adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling includes: a housing assembly, the housing assembly comprising an outer shell cylinder and a front end connector and a rear end connector respectively disposed at both longitudinal ends of the outer shell cylinder; a motion conversion unit disposed inside the housing assembly, configured to convert axial reciprocating motion into rotational motion; a thrust bearing seat disposed inside the housing assembly, used to support the motion conversion unit and bear the axial load transmitted by the motion conversion unit; an electromagnetic induction unit, establishing a transmission connection with the motion conversion unit and generating induced current under rotational drive; and a rectifier energy dissipation unit disposed in the external space of the housing assembly, receiving the induced current from the electromagnetic induction unit through a wire and converting it into heat energy dissipated to the external environment.

[0009] Preferably, the motion conversion unit includes a ball screw assembly, which consists of a screw shaft and a screw nut; the screw nut is fixedly connected to the front end connector through an anti-rotation sleeve, the outer wall of the anti-rotation sleeve is provided with a guide key, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a guide groove, the guide key being embedded in the guide groove and sliding.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the lead screw shaft is rotatably supported within the thrust bearing housing, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer casing. The thrust bearing housing contains a pair of thrust bearings. The thrust bearings are configured to withstand bidirectional axial loads from the ball screw assembly, and are selected from either tapered roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings.

[0011] Preferably, the device further includes a speed-increasing transmission unit, and the connection between the electromagnetic induction unit and the motion conversion unit is either a direct drive connection or a variable speed connection established through the speed-increasing transmission unit.

[0012] The electromagnetic induction unit includes a stator and a rotor, and the stator is fixed to the inner wall of the outer casing via a transition flange.

[0013] Furthermore, when the speed-increasing transmission unit is provided, the speed-increasing transmission unit and the stator are respectively fixed on the adapter flange, and the rotor is connected to the output end of the speed-increasing transmission unit.

[0014] The rectifier energy dissipation unit includes a three-phase rectifier bridge and a power resistor module. The power resistor module is fixedly installed on a heat-conducting base or placed in a ventilated environment and is connected to the DC output terminal of the three-phase rectifier bridge.

[0015] Preferably, the technical solution further includes a detachable counterweight unit, which includes a flywheel mounting seat disposed on the axial extension section of the lead screw shaft and a mass flywheel mounted on the flywheel mounting seat.

[0016] Furthermore, the device also includes a coupling, through which a transmission connection is established between the motion conversion unit and the electromagnetic induction unit or the speed-increasing transmission unit.

[0017] Preferably, the coupling is an elastic element with a preset torsional stiffness, and the elastic element is configured to work in conjunction with the detachable counterweight unit to form a tuned energy dissipation circuit for a specific frequency of the structure to be damped.

[0018] The present invention also provides a control method for a thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: Obtain the target damping parameters of the structure to be damped;

[0020] S2: Calculate the target resistance value of the rectifier energy dissipation unit based on the torque characteristics of the electromagnetic induction unit;

[0021] S3: Adjust the resistance of the rectifier energy dissipation unit to achieve the target resistance value.

[0022] The control modes of this invention are divided into a passive adjustment mode and a semi-active intelligent control mode. In the passive adjustment mode, the effective resistance value of the power resistor module connected to the circuit is switched by the adjustment switch set in the rectifier energy dissipation unit. In the semi-active intelligent control mode, the intelligent control system uses a sensor group to monitor the structural motion speed V in real time: when V... <V th When V > V, the electronic control actuator (74) reduces the equivalent resistance of the circuit to improve the low-speed damping force output; th At the same time, the equivalent resistance value is maintained or increased to limit the maximum output force; wherein, V th This is the preset speed threshold.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. Completely eliminate the risk of thermal failure: Through the "thermal separation" design, the power resistor module is placed externally. This physical isolation eliminates internal heat accumulation caused by resistor heating, effectively preventing irreversible thermal demagnetization of the induction unit (such as a permanent magnet motor), and ensuring the stability of damping performance under continuous high-power conditions.

[0025] 2. Achieving separation of force flow paths: Through a dedicated thrust bearing housing and paired thrust bearings, the enormous axial load is directly transmitted to the outer casing. This protects the rear speed-increasing transmission unit and the main shaft of the sensing unit, allowing them to bear only pure torque, significantly improving the fatigue life of the precision transmission chain and the device's high load-bearing capacity.

[0026] 3. Multi-dimensional physical tuning capability: Through the coordinated operation of a detachable counterweight unit and an elastic coupling with preset torsional stiffness, this device constitutes a complete tuned inertial mass damping system. Users can adjust the flywheel mass or replace the elastic elements with different stiffnesses on-site to achieve precise coupling between the damper's natural frequency and the target frequency of the structure to be damped, thereby obtaining excellent energy dissipation effects at the resonant frequency or specific narrowband frequencies.

[0027] 4. Provides high-frequency impact protection and noise reduction: The introduction of the flexible coupling not only participates in tuning as a stiffening element, but also plays a role in isolating high-frequency vibrations. It can effectively absorb instantaneous impacts and commutation vibrations from the lead screw end, reduce the dynamic load and noise of the internal gear set, and further optimize the stability of the transmission system.

[0028] 5. Balancing high efficiency and safety: By adopting reverse speed regulation logic, strong damping force is obtained through low resistance in the low-speed stage to ensure energy dissipation efficiency under micro-vibration; in the high-speed stage, the maximum damping force is limited by increasing resistance to prevent excessive impact force from damaging the nodes of the structure to be damped, thus realizing intelligent management of "high efficiency in small earthquakes and overload protection in large earthquakes". Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is the main sectional view of the overall structure corresponding to Example 1 (basic direct drive scheme).

[0030] Figure 2 This is the main sectional view of the overall structure corresponding to Embodiment 2 (with the addition of a speed-increasing transmission unit).

[0031] Figure 3 This is the main sectional view of the overall structure corresponding to Embodiment 3 (with the addition of a detachable counterweight unit).

[0032] Figure 4 This is a magnified view of a portion of the force-flow separation structure.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a circuit block diagram.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the control method.

[0035] In the diagram: 10. Housing assembly; 11. Outer shell; 12. Front connector; 13. Rear connector; 20. Motion conversion unit; 21. Lead screw shaft; 22. Lead screw nut; 23. Anti-rotation sleeve; 24. Guide key; 25. Guide groove; 30. Thrust bearing housing; 31. Thrust bearing; 32. Locking nut; 40. Coupling; 50. Speed-increasing transmission unit; 60. Electromagnetic induction unit; 61. Rotor section; 62. Stator section; 63. Adapter flange; 70. Rectification and energy dissipation unit; 71. Three-phase rectifier bridge; 72. Power resistor module; 73. Adjustment switch; 74. Electronic adjustment actuator; 80. Detachable counterweight unit; 81. Flywheel mounting base; 82. Mass flywheel; 90. Intelligent control system; 91. Sensor group. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Example 1: As Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a basic implementation plan for a thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electromechanical coupling. The device includes a housing assembly 10. The housing assembly 10 includes an outer shell 11, and a front connector 12 and a rear connector 13 respectively disposed at both longitudinal ends of the outer shell 11. A motion conversion unit 20 is disposed inside the outer shell 11, which includes a ball screw pair consisting of a lead screw shaft 21 and a lead screw nut 22. The lead screw nut 22 is fixedly connected to the front connector 12 via an anti-rotation sleeve 23. To guide linear motion and prevent the nut from rotating, a guide key 24 is provided on the outer wall of the anti-rotation sleeve 23, and the guide key 24 slides within an axial guide groove 25 on the inner wall of the outer shell 11. When an external excitation causes the front connector 12 to make an axial displacement, the lead screw nut 22 moves accordingly, thereby driving the lead screw shaft 21 to rotate.

[0037] like Figure 4As shown, this embodiment achieves force flow separation through the thrust bearing housing 30. One end of the lead screw shaft 21 is rotatably supported within the thrust bearing housing 30 via a positioning shoulder and a locking nut 32. The thrust bearing housing 30 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer casing 11. The locking nut 32 is threaded onto the shaft segment of the lead screw shaft 21 and is configured to press the paired thrust bearings 31 between the positioning shoulder and the locking nut 32, thereby achieving bidirectional axial limiting and preload of the lead screw shaft 21. The thrust bearing housing 30 contains a pair of thrust bearings 31. The thrust bearings 31 are preferably tapered roller bearings or angular contact ball bearings, used to bear the bidirectional axial load from the ball screw pair and transmit the load to the outer casing 11, thereby blocking the transmission of the axial load to the rear electromagnetic unit and ensuring the mechanical reliability of the rotating components.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, the electromagnetic induction unit 60 in this embodiment includes a stator 62 and a rotor 61. The rotor 61 is directly driven to the lead screw shaft 21. The stator 62 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer casing 11 via a transition flange 63. This design ensures that the reaction torque of the motor during operation can be stably transmitted to the casing. Meanwhile, the rectifier energy dissipation unit 70 is located in the external space of the casing assembly 10. Its three-phase rectifier bridge 71 and power resistor module 72 receive the induced current through lead wires and convert electrical energy into heat energy for dissipation. This heat separation design prevents heat accumulation that could lead to demagnetization of the permanent magnet, ensuring the stability of the device.

[0039] Those skilled in the art should understand that the electromagnetic induction unit can adopt either an external rotor structure or an internal rotor structure. Its core logic lies in generating induced current by cutting magnetic field lines through relative rotation, and both are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0040] Example 2: Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment adds a speed-increasing transmission unit 50 to the first embodiment to adapt to application scenarios with high speed and large damping force.

[0041] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic induction unit 60 and the motion conversion unit 20 are connected by a speed-increasing transmission unit 50. The rotational power of the lead screw shaft 21 is transmitted to the input shaft of the speed-increasing transmission unit 50 via the coupling 40. The speed-increasing transmission unit 50 is preferably a planetary gear speed increaser. To ensure the structural stability of the transmission system, the adapter flange 63 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outer shell 11, and the speed-increasing transmission unit 50 and the stator part 62 of the electromagnetic induction unit 60 are respectively fixed on the adapter flange 63. This structure allows the reaction torque of the speed-increasing transmission unit 50 and the stator part 62 to be uniformly transmitted to the outer shell 11 through the adapter flange 63. The output end of the speed-increasing transmission unit 50 is connected to the rotor part 61 of the electromagnetic induction unit 60, and the electromagnetic induction current is significantly increased by a high-rate speed increase, thereby enhancing the damping force output.

[0042] Example 3: Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment adds a detachable counterweight unit 80 based on embodiment one or two to achieve physical adjustment of the inertial mass property of the device.

[0043] In this embodiment, the damping device has a flywheel mounting base 81 on the extended shaft section of the lead screw shaft 21 (located between the locking nut 32 and the coupling 40). Several mass flywheels 82 are detachably mounted on this mounting base. The adjustment principle is as follows: by increasing or decreasing the number or specifications of the mass flywheels 82, the overall rotational inertia of the motion conversion unit 20 is directly changed. This physical adjustment method allows for precise fine-tuning of the damping device's inertial force output according to the vibration reduction requirements of buildings or mechanical structures without altering the electromagnetic parameters, resulting in superior inertial capacitance tuning.

[0044] As a further preferred embodiment, the coupling 40 is adjusted to be an elastic element with a preset torsional stiffness. This elastic coupling 40 is configured to work in conjunction with the detachable counterweight unit 80, utilizing its own torsional stiffness to match the rotational inertia generated by the mass flywheel 82, thereby forming a tuned energy dissipation loop in the system for a specific frequency of the structure to be damped. This configuration allows the damping device to further incorporate tuning stiffness characteristics in addition to its inertial capacitance and damping properties, thus constituting a tuned inertial-mass damping system. By specifically adjusting the torsional stiffness of the elastic element and the inertia of the flywheel, the natural frequency of the damping device can be precisely coupled with the target vibration frequency of the structure to be damped, thereby achieving a more superior resonance energy dissipation and damping effect under specific frequency excitation or narrow-band vibration conditions.

[0045] Example 4: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a damping force control method based on manual adjustment mode.

[0046] The control method first includes step S1: obtaining the target damping parameters of the structure to be damped; and step S2: calculating the target resistance value of the rectifier energy dissipation unit 70 based on the torque characteristics of the electromagnetic induction unit 60. During step S3, this embodiment adopts a passive adjustment mode: the effective resistance value of the power resistor module 72 connected to the circuit is switched via the adjustment switch 73 on the rectifier energy dissipation unit 70. Since the electromagnetic damping torque is proportional to the induced current, and the current is controlled by the resistance, manually decreasing the resistance value can forcibly increase the induced current, thereby increasing the electromagnetic damping force output by the damping device and achieving graded adjustment of the damping level.

[0047] Example 5: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a control scheme based on a semi-active intelligent control mode.

[0048] This scheme utilizes an intelligent control system 90 in conjunction with a sensor group 91 to monitor the motion state of the structure to be damped in real time. During operation, the system receives signals such as displacement, velocity, or acceleration in real time, and the controller determines the current structural velocity V. The controller executes an inverse velocity control algorithm: when the detected velocity V... <V th (V) th When the speed threshold is set, the controller instructs the electronic regulating actuator 74 (such as an IGBT or MOSFET power switch module) to reduce the circuit's equivalent resistance, thereby increasing the induced current to output a larger damping force at low speeds; when the detected speed V > V th When the equivalent resistance value is maintained or increased, the maximum output force of the damper is limited, thus providing overload protection for the structure and device. This dynamic adjustment process is as follows: Figure 6 The closed-loop execution shown ensures real-time energy dissipation optimization under complex vibration environments.

[0049] The above content is a further detailed description of the technical solution provided in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of this patent. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of this invention is limited to the above description. For those skilled in the art to which this patent pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of this patent, and all of these should be considered to fall within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims

1. A thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device based on electro-mechanical coupling, characterized in that, The device comprises a shell assembly (10) including a shell cylinder (11), a front end connector (12) and a rear end connector (13) arranged at the longitudinal ends of the shell cylinder (11) respectively, a motion conversion unit (20) arranged inside the shell assembly (10) and configured to convert axial reciprocating motion into rotary motion, a thrust bearing seat (30) arranged inside the shell assembly (10) and used to support the motion conversion unit (20) and bear axial load transmitted by the motion conversion unit (20), an electromagnetic induction unit (60) in transmission connection with the motion conversion unit (20) and generating induced current under rotary driving, and a rectification energy consumption unit (70) arranged in the external space of the shell assembly (10) and receiving induced current from the electromagnetic induction unit (60) through a wire and converting the induced current into heat energy dissipated to the external environment. The motion conversion unit (20) comprises a ball screw pair composed of a screw shaft (21) and a screw nut (22); the screw nut (22) is fixedly connected with the front end connector (12) through an anti-rotation sleeve (23), an outer wall of the anti-rotation sleeve (23) is provided with a guide key (24), an inner wall of the shell cylinder (11) is provided with a guide groove, and the guide key (24) is embedded in the guide groove and slides.

2. The electromechanically coupled thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device of claim 1, wherein, One end of the screw shaft (21) is arranged in the thrust bearing seat (30) through rotary support, the thrust bearing seat (30) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the shell cylinder (11), a pair of thrust bearings (31) are arranged in the thrust bearing seat (30), and the thrust bearings (31) are selected from any one of a tapered roller bearing or an angular contact ball bearing.

3. The electromechanically coupled thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises a speed increasing transmission unit (50), and the connection between the electromagnetic induction unit (60) and the motion conversion unit (20) is direct driving connection or variable speed connection through the speed increasing transmission unit (50).

4. The electromechanically coupled thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device of claim 1, wherein, The electromagnetic induction unit (60) comprises a stator part (62) and a rotor part (61), and the stator part (62) is fixed to the inner wall of the shell cylinder (11) through an adapter flange (63).

5. The electro-mechanical coupling based thermally separated tunable electromagnetic damper device of claim 1 or 4, wherein, In the case where the speed increasing transmission unit (50) is arranged, the speed increasing transmission unit (50) and the stator part (62) are fixed on the adapter flange (63) respectively, and the rotor part (61) is connected with the output end of the speed increasing transmission unit (50).

6. The electro-mechanical coupling based thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that, The rectification energy consumption unit (70) comprises a three-phase rectification bridge (71) and a power resistance module (72), the power resistance module (72) is fixedly installed on a heat-conducting base or placed in a ventilated environment, and is connected with the direct current output end of the three-phase rectification bridge (71).

7. The electromechanically coupled thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a detachable counterweight unit (80), the detachable counterweight unit (80) comprises a flywheel mounting seat (81) arranged on the axial extension section of the screw shaft (21) and a mass flywheel (82) stringed on the flywheel mounting seat (81).

8. The electromechanically coupled thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device of claim 1, wherein, ​ 9. The electromechanically coupled thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises a coupling (40) through which the motion conversion unit (20) is connected in transmission with the electromagnetic induction unit (60) or the speed increasing transmission unit (50).

10. The electromechanically coupled thermally separated adjustable electromagnetic damping device of claim 9, wherein, The coupling (40) is an elastic element with preset torsional stiffness, which is configured to work with the detachable counterweight unit (80) to form a tuned energy dissipation loop for a specific frequency of the structure to be damped.

11. A control method of the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1: obtaining a target damping parameter of the structure to be damped; S2: calculating a target resistance value of the rectifier energy dissipation unit (70) according to the torque characteristics of the electromagnetic induction unit (60); S3: adjusting the resistance of the rectifier energy dissipation unit (70) to reach the target resistance value.

12. The control method according to claim 11, characterized by, In the passive adjustment mode, the effective resistance value of the power resistance module (72) is switched by the adjustment switch (73) provided in the rectifier energy dissipation unit (70).

13. The control method according to claim 11, characterized by In the semi-active intelligent control mode, the intelligent control system (90) monitors the structure motion velocity V in real time through the sensor group (91): when V th <V, the control electronic adjustment actuator (74) reduces the equivalent resistance value to increase the low-speed damping force output; when V>V th , the equivalent resistance value is maintained or increased to limit the maximum output force; wherein V th is a preset speed threshold.

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