Integrated combined detection system and method for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of GIS equipment, in particular to an integrated joint detection system and method for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment, and the system comprises an integrated fusion sensor, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition card and a data processing unit. The integrated fusion sensor comprises an ultrahigh frequency detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit and a photoelectric detection unit, the outer layer of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit is connected with a measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit, and the ultrahigh frequency detection unit extends into a cavity of the GIS equipment; the overvoltage detection unit is used for acquiring an overvoltage signal and a transient voltage signal of the GIS equipment, the gas sensor is embedded into an antenna panel of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit to monitor a gas state signal of the GIS equipment, and the photoelectric detection unit is laid on the surface of the antenna panel of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit to monitor an optical signal of partial discharge of the GIS equipment. According to the invention, insulation faults can be effectively pre-warned.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of GIS equipment, and particularly relates to a system and method for integrated combined detection of transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] GAS insulated SWITCHGEAR (GIS) is widely used in power systems, and is often subjected to the superimposed action of transient overvoltage (operation, lightning, VFTO) and power frequency operating voltage during operation. The superimposed high-amplitude transient voltage can stimulate latent defects in the device to produce partial discharge, or promote the rapid development of existing weak partial discharge, leading to a decrease in insulation performance or even a sudden insulation breakdown accident, and this process is also significantly affected by the gas state such as the internal gas pressure and micro-water of the device.

[0003] In some scenarios, the existing GIS device insulation state detection and analysis technology only focuses on partial discharge under power frequency voltage, does not consider the influence of transient voltage and gas state changes on partial discharge, and does not carry out device state diagnosis and analysis through the correlation among the three. Therefore, the existing technical means does not realize the correlated detection and analysis of "transient voltage-partial discharge-gas state" of GIS equipment, lacks a sensing system capable of simultaneously collecting multiple parameters at the same place and at the same time, and thus cannot accurately grasp the insulation state evolution law of GIS equipment, making it difficult to effectively warn insulation faults. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the technical problem that the insulation state evolution law of GIS equipment cannot be accurately grasped, and thus it is difficult to effectively warn insulation faults, the purpose of the present application is to provide a system and method for integrated combined detection of transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present application discloses a system for integrated combined detection of transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment, comprising: an integrated fusion sensor, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition card and a data processing unit; the integrated fusion sensor comprises an ultrahigh frequency detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit and a photoelectric detection unit, the outer layer of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit is connected with the measurement electrode of the overvoltage detection unit, the ultrahigh frequency detection unit extends into the cavity of the GIS equipment to obtain the ultrahigh frequency signal of the partial discharge of the GIS equipment, the overvoltage detection unit is used to obtain the overvoltage signal and the transient voltage signal of the GIS equipment, the gas sensor is embedded in the antenna plate of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit to monitor the gas state signal of the GIS equipment, and the photoelectric detection unit is laid on the surface of the antenna plate of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit to monitor the light signal of the partial discharge of the GIS equipment; the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card is connected with the integrated fusion sensor, and is used to synchronously acquire the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of the partial discharge, the light signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal of the GIS equipment; the data processing unit is connected with the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card, and is used to diagnose the insulation state of the GIS equipment after processing the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of the partial discharge, the light signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal.

[0006] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application discloses a method for integrated combined detection of transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment, comprising: synchronously acquiring the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of the partial discharge, the light signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal of the GIS equipment by means of an integrated fusion sensor; synchronously acquiring the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of the partial discharge, the light signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal collected by the integrated fusion sensor based on a power frequency zero-crossing trigger or an overvoltage threshold trigger mode by means of a multi-channel synchronous acquisition card; and diagnosing the insulation state of the GIS equipment after processing the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of the partial discharge, the light signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal by means of a data processing unit.

[0007] Through the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the present invention firstly integrates multiple units, such as a UHF detection unit and an overvoltage detection unit, using an integrated fusion sensor design. This achieves the correlation acquisition and analysis of multiple parameters, including transient voltage signals, overvoltage, partial discharge signals (UHF + optical signals), and gas state signals. Furthermore, the integrated fusion sensor employs a multi-unit shared carrier design. The outer layer of the UHF detection unit is connected to the electrodes of the overvoltage detection unit, the gas sensing unit is embedded in the antenna plate, and the photoelectric detection unit is laid on the surface of the antenna plate. This ensures that multiple parameters are acquired synchronously at the same monitoring point, avoiding the spatiotemporal deviation problem of distributed sensing systems. Simultaneously, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card ensures the consistency of the timing of various signals, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent correlation analysis. The dual monitoring of UHF and optical signals for partial discharge further improves the accuracy of discharge signal capture. Finally, the data processing unit, through joint preprocessing and correlation analysis of the multi-parameter signals, can accurately reveal the inherent laws governing transient voltage-triggered partial discharge and the degradation of gas state during the discharge process, clearly presenting the evolution path of insulation state from healthy to faulty, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional single-parameter diagnosis. This effectively avoids the risks of missed or misjudged faults, ultimately ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an integrated joint detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state of a GIS device, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a fusion structure of an ultra-high frequency detection unit and an overvoltage detection unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photoelectric detection unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 4 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an integrated fusion sensor comprising an ultra-high frequency detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit, and a photoelectric detection unit, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated fusion sensor comprising an ultra-high frequency detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit, and a photoelectric detection unit, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-channel synchronous acquisition card provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an effectiveness verification platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an integrated detection method for transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state of a GIS device, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of an integrated joint detection system and method for transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state of a GIS device according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0017] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The specific details of an integrated joint detection method for transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state in a GIS device, provided by this invention, are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an integrated joint detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state of a GIS device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The integrated joint detection system includes: an integrated fusion sensor 101, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition card 102, and a data processing unit 103. The integrated fusion sensor 101 includes an ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit, and a photoelectric detection unit. The outer layer of the UHF detection unit is connected to the measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit. The UHF detection unit extends into the cavity of the GIS device to acquire the UHF signal of partial discharge from the GIS device. The overvoltage detection unit acquires the overvoltage signal and transient voltage signal of the GIS device. A sensor is embedded in the antenna plate of the UHF detection unit to monitor the gas state signal of the GIS equipment. A photoelectric detection unit is laid on the surface of the antenna plate of the UHF detection unit to monitor the optical signal of partial discharge of the GIS equipment. A multi-channel synchronous acquisition card 102 is connected to the integrated fusion sensor 101 to synchronously acquire transient voltage signals, overvoltage signals, UHF partial discharge signals, optical signals of partial discharge, and gas state signals of the GIS equipment. A data processing unit 103 is connected to the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card 102 to preprocess the transient voltage signals, overvoltage signals, UHF partial discharge signals, optical signals of partial discharge, and gas state signals to diagnose the insulation status of the GIS equipment.

[0019] Specifically, GIS equipment often experiences the combined effects of transient overvoltages (operational, lightning, VFTO) and power frequency operating voltages during operation. The superimposed high-amplitude transient voltages can, on the one hand, excite latent defects within the GIS equipment to generate partial discharges, which continue to develop under sustained power frequency operating voltages, leading to sudden insulation breakdown accidents. On the other hand, they can also accelerate the development of existing weak partial discharges, causing a rapid decline in the equipment's insulation performance. Simultaneously, the excitation and promotion of partial discharges by the superimposed voltage are also affected by the internal gas pressure and gas state, such as trace amounts of moisture. Therefore, accurate detection and analysis of the insulation status of GIS equipment requires simultaneous attention to multiple parameters, including transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state. Generally speaking, factors such as the waveform, amplitude, phase, and polarity of the superimposed power frequency impulse voltage, as well as gas temperature, pressure, and humidity, all affect the characteristics of partial discharge. These characteristics can be characterized by multiple parameters such as pulse amplitude, pulse timing, pulse interval, discharge duration, number of pulses, and statistical spectrum. Furthermore, the influence of transient voltage and gas state on partial discharge varies depending on the type and stage of partial discharge development.

[0020] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention achieves the fusion of multiple parameter sensors. The first consideration is the structural compatibility between different types of sensors, such as overvoltage sensors, photoelectric sensors, and gas sensors. This embodiment uses a simple built-in flat plate + conical structure built-in UHF sensor as the basis to construct a UHF detection unit. Based on the UHF sensor, other sensors are further fused to obtain an integrated fused sensor. The built-in UHF sensor mainly consists of a disc antenna, a conical sensor with a conical structure, a feed rod, a flange, a bottom flange, and connecting wires. The built-in UHF sensor extends into the cavity of the GIS equipment through a dedicated installation window, directly receiving electromagnetic wave signals excited by partial discharge. The feed rod is connected to the inner core of the connecting wire (high-frequency coaxial cable) as the positive terminal of the sensor signal output, and the shielding layer of the signal connecting wire is connected to the equipment shell as the ground terminal of the signal output.

[0021] Furthermore, the built-in overvoltage sensor also features a planar electrode structure. Its measurement utilizes the principle of resistive-capacitive voltage division. When a transient voltage occurs in the GIS center conductor, due to the coupling capacitance between the measuring planar electrode and the GIS center conductor, corresponding transient and overvoltage signals are induced on the measuring electrode. The signal output is similar to that of the UHF sensor. Therefore, it can be seen from the structures of the UHF sensor and the overvoltage sensor that both have circular planar electrodes, while the UHF sensor has an additional conical dielectric layer. Therefore, according to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the UHF detection unit includes a disc antenna plate 201, an UHF dielectric layer 202, a feed rod 203, and a bottom flange 204. The feed rod 203 is located in the central region of the conical sensor and penetrates the UHF dielectric layer 202. The disc antenna plate 201 is located at the top of the UHF dielectric layer 202 and contacts the top. The bottom flange 204 is located at the bottom of the UHF dielectric layer 202. The measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit is a circular flat plate structure. The measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit is located on the outer layer of the UHF detection unit to form an overvoltage dividing arm 205, and forms a voltage dividing arm transition structure 206 with the bottom flange. The measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit is separated from the outer layer by a dielectric insulating layer 207.

[0022] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This invention provides a fusion structure for a UHF detection unit and an overvoltage detection unit. In this embodiment, a ring-shaped overvoltage sensor's measuring electrode is added to the outer layer of the UHF sensor, resulting in both the UHF detection unit and the overvoltage detection unit. These two units are insulated from the bottom flange 204 by a capacitor dielectric layer (dielectric insulating layer 207). Finally, a dual-core signal line 208 is used to output partial discharge UHF signals, overvoltage signals, and transient voltage signals, respectively. The UHF signal is transmitted to the acquisition system via a feed rod, while the overvoltage and transient voltage signals are output via independent leads after sensing the transient voltage of the center conductor through the measuring electrode. The dual-core signal line 208 design ensures parallel transmission of the two signals without interference. The dielectric insulating layer (such as PTFE material) ensures both the electromagnetic wave reception efficiency of the UHF antenna board and provides high insulation strength for the overvoltage measuring electrode, preventing high-voltage breakdown. When a transient overvoltage occurs in the central conductor of the GIS, the voltage signal coupled to the measuring electrodes is output after voltage division. Simultaneously, the ultra-high frequency signal generated by partial discharge is captured by the disk antenna plate and transmitted through the feed pole. After processing by the synchronous acquisition card, the timing relationship between the transient voltage and the discharge pulse is analyzed to accurately reflect the insulation stress state. Through physical structure fusion and signal path optimization, synchronous acquisition of multiple parameters from the same source is achieved, solving the pain point of inconsistent timing of distributed sensors.

[0023] Furthermore, the photoelectric detection unit includes a fluorescent optical fiber, which is composed of fluorescent substances and certain rare elements doped into the core and cladding. The fluorescent substance can absorb light within a specific wavelength range, thereby becoming excited and emitting fluorescence in various directions. Fluorescence whose radiation direction satisfies the total internal reflection condition at the core-cladding interface will propagate along the optical fiber axis. Therefore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric detection unit includes a fluorescent optical fiber and a photodetector. The fluorescent optical fiber is arranged along an Archimedean spiral on the upper surface of the disk antenna plate of the UHF detection unit. The optical signal of partial discharge from the GIS equipment is led out from the disk antenna plate through an optical fiber sealing connector. The photodetector is mounted on the disk antenna plate for detecting the optical signal.

[0024] Specifically, plastic fluorescent optical fibers possess excellent flexibility, allowing them to be embedded into the surface of the upper electrode plate of a built-in ultra-high frequency sensor. To increase the length of the fluorescent optical fiber and improve the sensor's sensitivity to optical signals, such as... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a photoelectric detection unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. A fluorescent optical fiber 301 is arranged along an Archimedean spiral on the surface of the upper electrode plate (disc antenna plate 201) of a built-in UHF sensor. The optical signal of partial discharge from the GIS equipment is extracted from the disc antenna plate through a specially designed fiber optic sealed connector. The partial discharge spectrum in air has multiple peaks between 300 and 450 nm (the discharge spectrum in SF6 gas is approximately between 460 and 550 nm), therefore, the discharge spectrum and the absorption spectrum of the fluorescent optical fiber almost overlap. Due to the Stokes frequency shift characteristic of the fluorescent optical fiber, the wavelength of the output light is shifted to between 450 and 600 nm. In this embodiment of the invention, a photodetector is selected to detect the optical signal with a peak wavelength of 550 ± 20 nm.

[0025] Furthermore, according to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the gas sensing unit includes a MEMS sensor, which is embedded in the disk antenna plate of the ultra-high frequency detection unit. The traces pass through the disk antenna plate, the ultra-high frequency dielectric layer, the measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit and the bottom flange in sequence. The gas state signal of the MEMS sensor is led out through a sealed aviation plug.

[0026] Specifically, MEMS sensors are small-sized sensors, such as... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an integrated fusion sensor comprising an ultra-high frequency detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit, and a photoelectric detection unit, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the gas sensing unit 401 (such as a MEMS sensor) is embedded in the disk antenna plate 201 of the ultra-high frequency detection unit. The wiring passes sequentially through the disk antenna plate 201, the ultra-high frequency dielectric layer 202, the measuring electrode 402 of the overvoltage detection unit, and the bottom flange 204. The gas state signal of the MEMS sensor is led out through a sealed aviation plug 403.

[0027] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated fusion sensor comprising a UHF detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit, and a photoelectric detection unit, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The bottom flange 204 is separated from the measuring electrode 402 of the overvoltage detection unit by a PTFE film 501. The measuring electrode 402 of the overvoltage detection unit is separated from the disk antenna plate 201 of the UHF detection unit by an UHF dielectric layer 202. A fluorescent optical fiber 301 and a MEMS sensor 401 are disposed on the disk antenna plate 201 of the UHF detection unit. Furthermore, a photodetector (not shown in the figure) can also be disposed on the disk antenna plate of the UHF detection unit to detect optical signals.

[0028] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card acquires four analog signals and one digital signal: the four analog signals are transient voltage signal, overvoltage signal, partial discharge ultra-high frequency signal, and partial discharge optical signal, respectively; the one digital signal is a gas state signal. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition card is triggered by two methods: power frequency zero-crossing trigger and overvoltage threshold trigger. When the trigger method is power frequency zero-crossing trigger, the single acquisition time is 20ms, and the four analog signals and one digital signal are acquired synchronously. When the trigger method is overvoltage threshold trigger, the transient voltage signal and the partial discharge ultra-high frequency signal are acquired synchronously.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-channel synchronous acquisition card provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition card includes a multi-channel high-speed ADC module, an FPGA acquisition control module, a DSP module, and a host computer. The multi-channel high-speed ADC module acquires four analog signals and one digital signal. The FPGA acquisition control module is used to preprocess the raw high-speed data stream acquired by the multi-channel high-speed ADC module. The DSP module is used to read the preprocessed sampled data or send parameter commands, and processes and stores the sampled data in the DSP module's memory. The host computer can read the sampled data through a network port.

[0030] Furthermore, the data processing unit includes a channel conditioning subunit, which comprises a transient voltage conditioning module, an ultrasonic channel conditioning module, an ultra-high frequency channel conditioning module, and a gas state detection channel conditioning module. The transient voltage conditioning module is used to condition pause voltage signals and overvoltages. It consists of a pre-stage protection filter, an attenuation network, a gain-adjustable amplification, and an ADC acquisition system. Its input range is ±10V, and its upper sampling frequency limit is 20MHz. The ultrasonic channel conditioning module is used to condition the optical signal of partial discharge. It consists of a pre-stage protection filter, an attenuation network, a gain-adjustable amplification, and an ADC acquisition system. Its filtering bandwidth is 20kHz-200kHz, and its dynamic range is >50dB. The ultra-high frequency channel conditioning module consists of a pre-stage protection filter, an attenuation network, a gain-adjustable amplification, and an ADC acquisition system. Its sensitivity is <-70dBm, and its dynamic range is >40dB. The gas state detection channel conditioning module consists of a filter circuit, a signal amplification circuit, and an ADC acquisition module. It is used to condition the data collected by the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor in the MEMS sensor.

[0031] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention also stores the aforementioned signals. When storing the data, transient voltage signals, overvoltage signals, and partial discharge UHF signals change rapidly, and their generation is highly random. In actual equipment operation, signal acquisition requires an extremely high sampling rate, but continuous acquisition for extended periods is not feasible because the obtained continuous signal contains only a small amount of pulse information, with most of the information being redundant and useless. For example, for transient voltage signals, the generated power frequency signal does not need to be continuously acquired, and for partial discharge UHF signals, the generated noise signal does not need to be continuously recorded. Therefore, when storing these signals, pulse signal identification is first required; only key information needs to be transmitted and stored. To address this, this embodiment of the invention uses a pulse extraction method based on kurtosis and time-domain sliding energy search for pulse identification. The pulse position is determined by the kurtosis of the pulse, and the pulse edge is determined by searching the left and right pulse energy, thereby identifying valid pulses.

[0032] Furthermore, as an optional embodiment of the present invention, the integrated joint detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state of the GIS equipment further includes: an effectiveness verification platform, which is a full-condition real-world experimental platform simulating the actual operating state of the GIS equipment, used to verify the effectiveness of the detection data of the integrated joint detection system and the effectiveness of the condition diagnosis of the GIS equipment.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an effectiveness verification platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The effectiveness verification platform includes: a closed-loop GIS test section, which includes a gas insulation test transformer, a high-voltage bushing, a current booster, a test chamber, and an impulse voltage generator; the test chamber has a reserved sensor mounting hand hole, through which an integrated fusion sensor is installed, and is equipped with an independent gas filling interface and a defect arrangement window; the gas insulation test transformer is used to apply power frequency voltage, the high-voltage bushing is used to introduce a pause impulse voltage, and the current booster is used to simulate the temperature change of the GIS equipment in the test chamber; a break is added inside the GIS equipment, and the impulse voltage generator is used to generate lightning and pause impulse voltages and apply them to the GIS equipment through the high-voltage bushing. When the lightning and pause impulse voltages trigger the spark gap at the break, a VFTO overvoltage is generated and applied to the GIS equipment; the defect arrangement window is used to arrange insulator surface defects inside the GIS equipment, and the gas temperature and micro-water parameters inside the test chamber are controlled through an independent gas filling interface to simulate the entire process of insulator surface defects from initial discharge to surface flashover.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the working gas pressure of the validity verification platform is 0.1-0.7 MPa. This embodiment of the invention uses the validity verification platform to simulate the electromagnetic environment in actual GIS equipment, apply transient voltage impacts such as lightning, operation, and VFTO, arrange internal insulation defects, and control gas state parameters.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, the validity verification platform in this embodiment of the invention is a closed-loop GIS test section. The validity test platform can simultaneously perform current boosting and pressurization functions, with a working gas pressure of 0.1-0.7 MPa. The validity test platform includes a gas insulation test transformer 701 for applying power frequency voltage and a high-voltage bushing 702 for introducing impulse voltage. To conduct the test, the validity test platform includes four test chambers, each test chamber 703 having a pre-drilled mounting manhole 704 for installing an integrated fusion sensor.

[0036] The gas state inside the test chamber of the effectiveness testing platform is controlled by an independent inflation port 705, which controls the gas pressure and moisture content. The current riser 706 simulates the temperature changes and distribution of the actual GIS. The test chamber has a defect arrangement window 707, through which typical equipment insulation defects can be arranged inside the GIS equipment, maximizing the simulation and reproduction of actual GIS equipment defects. The applied transient impulse voltage is applied through a high-voltage bushing 702. Lightning and operational surges can be directly generated by an impulse voltage generator, while VFTO overvoltage requires a removable and replaceable break section inside the GIS equipment. A spark gap is installed at the break section, and the external lightning impulse voltage triggers the spark gap discharge, thereby generating a steep-front overvoltage.

[0037] Furthermore, actual GIS equipment failure processes are complex and may occur under the simultaneous influence of one or more factors such as insulation defects, transient voltage, and gas state. To fully verify the effectiveness of the integrated joint detection system of this invention, this embodiment selects insulator surface defects, which often fail under the synergistic effect of multiple factors including transient impact, partial discharge, and gas state. Based on the constructed insulator surface defect model and the quantitative control technology for gas temperature and micro-moisture, the condensation on the insulator surface under different temperatures and micro-moisture states is studied through simulation calculations and experimental tests. The influence of gas state parameters on condensation formation is analyzed, and the initial electric field characteristics of surface discharge are combined with the analysis of the insulator surface. Based on the results, gas-insulation synergistic fault simulation technology parameters similar to the actual failure process are designed, and the corresponding gas temperature, micro-moisture parameters, and insulator surface insulation defect parameters are determined. Based on the determined defect and gas state parameters, during the effectiveness verification of the integrated joint detection system, transient impacts with different superimposed phases, amplitudes, and types are applied to simulate the entire process of the defect from initial discharge to final surface flashover. In this process, the effectiveness of the joint sensing system in signal detection and equipment condition diagnosis is verified.

[0038] Furthermore, the data processing unit establishes a high-speed data link with the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card, forming a closed loop of acquisition, transmission, and processing. Its core function is to receive multi-dimensional signals synchronously uploaded by the acquisition card, including transient voltage signals during GIS equipment operation, overvoltage signals caused by operation or fault, ultra-high frequency pulse signals generated by partial discharge, optical signals accompanying discharge, and SF6 gas state parameters. Noise reduction, filtering, and standardization preprocessing are completed through the integrated signal conditioning module.

[0039] Then, based on a multi-source data fusion algorithm, the data processing unit performs correlation analysis on the characteristics of each signal: combining transient voltage and overvoltage waveforms to determine the insulation stress level, locating the discharge source through pulse synchronization of UHF and optical signals, and verifying the degree of insulation degradation by linking gas humidity and decomposition product concentration. The final output is a diagnostic report containing the insulation health level, potential defect types, and risk warnings, providing accurate basis for equipment maintenance, avoiding misjudgments based on a single signal, and improving the reliability and timeliness of GIS insulation condition assessment.

[0040] Through the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the present invention firstly integrates multiple units, such as a UHF detection unit and an overvoltage detection unit, using an integrated fusion sensor design. This achieves the correlation acquisition and analysis of multiple parameters, including transient voltage signals, overvoltage, partial discharge signals (UHF + optical signals), and gas state signals. Furthermore, the integrated fusion sensor employs a multi-unit shared carrier design. The outer layer of the UHF detection unit is connected to the electrodes of the overvoltage detection unit, the gas sensing unit is embedded in the antenna plate, and the photoelectric detection unit is laid on the surface of the antenna plate. This ensures that multiple parameters are acquired synchronously at the same monitoring point, avoiding the spatiotemporal deviation problem of distributed sensing systems. Simultaneously, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card ensures the consistency of the timing of various signals, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent correlation analysis. The dual monitoring of UHF and optical signals for partial discharge further improves the accuracy of discharge signal capture. Finally, the data processing unit, through joint preprocessing and correlation analysis of the multi-parameter signals, can accurately reveal the inherent laws governing transient voltage-triggered partial discharge and the degradation of gas state during the discharge process, clearly presenting the evolution path of insulation state from healthy to faulty, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional single-parameter diagnosis. This effectively avoids the risks of missed or misjudged faults, ultimately ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0041] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an integrated joint detection method for transient voltage, partial discharge, and gas state of a GIS device provided in this embodiment of the invention. The method includes:

[0042] Step S801: Synchronously collect transient voltage signals, overvoltage signals, partial discharge ultra-high frequency signals, partial discharge optical signals, and gas state signals of the GIS equipment through an integrated fusion sensor.

[0043] Step S802: The transient voltage signal, overvoltage signal, partial discharge UHF signal, partial discharge optical signal and gas state signal are synchronously acquired by the integrated fusion sensor through the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card based on the power frequency zero-crossing trigger or overvoltage threshold trigger mode.

[0044] Step S803: The data processing unit processes the transient voltage signal, overvoltage signal, partial discharge UHF signal, partial discharge optical signal, and gas state signal to diagnose the insulation status of the GIS equipment.

[0045] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present invention, after diagnosing the insulation status of the GIS equipment by preprocessing the transient voltage signal, overvoltage signal, partial discharge ultra-high frequency signal, partial discharge optical signal and gas state signal through the data processing unit, the method further includes: simulating the full operating conditions of the GIS equipment under actual operating conditions through an effectiveness verification platform to verify the effectiveness of the diagnostic results of the insulation status of the GIS equipment and the effectiveness of the detection data of the integrated fusion sensor.

[0046] Through the technical solution disclosed in this invention, the present invention firstly integrates multiple units, such as a UHF detection unit and an overvoltage detection unit, using an integrated fusion sensor design. This achieves the correlation acquisition and analysis of multiple parameters, including transient voltage signals, overvoltage, partial discharge signals (UHF + optical signals), and gas state signals. Furthermore, the integrated fusion sensor employs a multi-unit shared carrier design. The outer layer of the UHF detection unit is connected to the electrodes of the overvoltage detection unit, the gas sensing unit is embedded in the antenna plate, and the photoelectric detection unit is laid on the surface of the antenna plate. This ensures that multiple parameters are acquired synchronously at the same monitoring point, avoiding the spatiotemporal deviation problem of distributed sensing systems. Simultaneously, the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card ensures the consistency of the timing of various signals, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent correlation analysis. The dual monitoring of UHF and optical signals for partial discharge further improves the accuracy of discharge signal capture. Finally, the data processing unit, through joint preprocessing and correlation analysis of the multi-parameter signals, can accurately reveal the inherent laws governing transient voltage-triggered partial discharge and the degradation of gas state during the discharge process, clearly presenting the evolution path of insulation state from healthy to faulty, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional single-parameter diagnosis. This effectively avoids the risks of missed or misjudged faults, ultimately ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0047] It should be noted that the integrated detection method for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention and the integrated detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment provided in this embodiment of the invention are based on the same application concept. Therefore, the specific implementation of this embodiment can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned integrated detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment, and has the same or similar beneficial effects. Repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0048] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0049] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. An integrated combined detection system of transient voltage, partial discharge and gas state of GIS equipment, characterized in that, The application relates to a GIS (Gas Insulated Substation) integrated sensor, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition card and a data processing unit. The integrated sensor comprises an ultrahigh frequency detection unit, an overvoltage detection unit, a gas sensing unit and a photoelectric detection unit; the outer layer of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit is connected with the measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit; the ultrahigh frequency detection unit extends into the cavity of the GIS device to obtain the ultrahigh frequency signal of partial discharge of the GIS device; the overvoltage detection unit is used for obtaining the overvoltage signal and the transient voltage signal of the GIS device; the gas sensor is embedded in the antenna plate of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit to monitor the gas state signal of the GIS device; and the photoelectric detection unit is laid on the surface of the antenna plate of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit to monitor the light signal of partial discharge of the GIS device. The multi-channel synchronous acquisition card is connected with the integrated sensor and is used for synchronously acquiring the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of partial discharge, the light signal of partial discharge and the gas state signal of the GIS device. The data processing unit is connected with the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card and is used for processing the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of partial discharge, the light signal of partial discharge and the gas state signal and diagnosing the insulation state of the GIS device. The ultrahigh frequency detection unit comprises a disc antenna plate, an ultrahigh frequency dielectric layer, a feeding rod and a bottom flange; the feeding rod is arranged in the central region of the conical sensor and penetrates through the ultrahigh frequency dielectric layer; the disc antenna plate is arranged on the top of the ultrahigh frequency dielectric layer and is in contact with the top; and the bottom flange is arranged on the bottom of the ultrahigh frequency dielectric layer.

2. The integrated combined detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit is in a circular plate structure; the measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit is arranged on the outer layer of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit to form an overvoltage voltage dividing arm and forms a low-voltage arm capacitor with the bottom flange; and the circular measuring electrode of the overvoltage is separated from the outer layer through a dielectric insulation layer. The photoelectric detection unit comprises a fluorescent optical fiber and a photoelectric detector; the fluorescent optical fiber is arranged on the upper surface of the disc antenna plate of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit in an Archimedes spiral line; the light signal of partial discharge of the GIS device is led out from the disc antenna plate through an optical fiber sealing joint; and the photoelectric detector is arranged on the disc antenna plate and is used for detecting the light signal.

3. The integrated combined detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas sensing unit comprises a MEMS sensor; the MEMS sensor is embedded in the disc antenna plate of the ultrahigh frequency detection unit; the wire sequentially penetrates through the disc antenna plate, the ultrahigh frequency dielectric layer, the measuring electrode of the overvoltage detection unit and the bottom flange; and the gas state signal of the MEMS sensor is led out through a sealed aviation plug.

4. The integrated combined detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The acquisition objects of the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card comprise four analog quantities and one digital quantity; the four analog quantities are respectively the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the ultrahigh frequency signal of partial discharge and the light signal of partial discharge; and the one digital quantity is the gas state signal.

5. The integrated combined detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger mode of the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card comprises a power frequency zero-crossing trigger and an overvoltage threshold trigger. ​ In the case of the trigger mode being power frequency zero-crossing trigger, the single collection duration is 20 ms, and four analog signals and one digital signal are synchronously collected. In the case of the trigger mode being overvoltage threshold trigger, the transient voltage signal and the partial discharge ultrahigh frequency signal are synchronously collected.

6. The integrated combined detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated combined detection system of the transient voltage, the partial discharge and the gas state of the GIS device further comprises an effectiveness verification platform, which is a full-condition true-type experiment platform simulating the actual operation state of the GIS device, and is used for verifying the effectiveness of the detection data of the integrated combined detection system and the effectiveness of the state diagnosis of the GIS device.

7. The integrated combined detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effectiveness verification platform comprises a closed-loop GIS test section, the test section comprising a gas insulation test transformer, a high-voltage bushing, a current riser, a test cavity and an impulse voltage generator; the test cavity is provided with a sensor mounting hand hole, the integrated fusion sensor is mounted through the mounting hand hole, and is provided with an independent inflation interface and a defect arrangement window. The gas insulation test transformer is used for applying power frequency voltage, the high-voltage bushing is used for introducing the impulse voltage, and the current riser is used for simulating the temperature change of the GIS device in the test cavity. The GIS device is additionally provided with a fracture, and the impulse voltage generator is used for generating lightning and impulse voltage and applying the same to the GIS device through the high-voltage bushing, so as to generate VFTO overvoltage when the lightning and impulse voltage trigger the spark gap at the fracture and apply the same to the GIS device. The defect arrangement window is used for arranging insulator surface defects in the interior of the GIS device, and the independent inflation interface is used for controlling the gas temperature and the micro-water parameters in the test cavity to simulate the whole process from the initial discharge to the surface flashover of the insulator surface defects.

8. The integrated combined detection system for transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The working gas pressure of the effectiveness verification platform is 0.1-0.7 MPa.

9. A method for integrated combined detection of transient voltage, partial discharge and gas condition of GIS equipment, characterized in that, The integrated combined detection system of the transient voltage, the partial discharge and the gas state of the GIS device according to any one of claims 1-8, and the integrated combined detection method of the transient voltage, the partial discharge and the gas state of the GIS device comprises: synchronously collecting the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the partial discharge ultrahigh frequency signal, the optical signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal of the GIS device through the integrated fusion sensor; synchronously collecting the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the partial discharge ultrahigh frequency signal, the optical signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal collected by the integrated fusion sensor through the multi-channel synchronous acquisition card based on the power frequency zero-crossing trigger or the overvoltage threshold trigger mode; diagnosing the insulation state of the GIS device after processing the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the partial discharge ultrahigh frequency signal, the optical signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal through the data processing unit.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein After diagnosing the insulation state of the GIS device after preprocessing the transient voltage signal, the overvoltage signal, the partial discharge ultrahigh frequency signal, the optical signal of the partial discharge and the gas state signal through the data processing unit, the method further comprises: The validity verification platform simulates full working conditions of an actual running state of a GIS device to verify validity of a diagnosis result of an insulation state of the GIS device and validity of detection data of the integrated fusion sensor.

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