A method and system for multi-source data integration and monitoring during highway construction.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering construction monitoring and data analysis technology, and provides a multi-source data integrated monitoring method and system for highway construction. The method includes: analyzing whether, in several samples, the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilizing and then turning upward as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases, and determining whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. If so, the turning point of the trend is identified, and the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the turning point is determined as the reference index. By introducing the construction environment disturbance intensity index, this invention establishes a coupling analysis mechanism between construction environment conditions, the frequency of reasonable micro-disturbance events, and changes in the early service performance of tunnels during the shotcrete construction stage, breaking through the limitation of existing technologies that only focus on whether a single construction fluctuation exceeds the limit while ignoring the frequency changes of construction micro-disturbances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction monitoring and data analysis technology, and in particular relates to a multi-source data integration monitoring method and system for highway construction process. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of highway tunnels, shotcrete application is a crucial step in forming the initial support of the tunnel, stabilizing the surrounding rock structure, and ensuring the safety of subsequent construction. To ensure the quality of shotcrete support, existing technologies typically incorporate various monitoring methods during the construction phase to monitor the equipment operating status, construction parameters, and construction environment during the spraying process. For example, sensors, construction recording systems, and video monitoring equipment are used to collect and analyze spraying pressure, spraying flow rate, spraying duration, and spraying operation status in real time to determine whether the shotcrete construction meets construction specifications and quality requirements. These monitoring methods have been widely applied in highway tunnels, urban tunnels, and underground engineering projects.

[0003] In existing technological systems, the monitoring and control of shotcrete construction primarily revolves around whether preset thresholds are exceeded. That is, when spraying pressure, flow rate, or operational status exhibits significant abnormalities exceeding permissible ranges, alarms are triggered or construction parameters are adjusted. However, when spraying experiences brief pauses, instantaneous parameter adjustments, or resumption of spraying operations after short interruptions, these are typically considered normal fluctuations in equipment operation and construction, provided their duration and parameter changes remain within a reasonable preset range, and do not trigger further analysis or intervention. Furthermore, existing technologies often attribute issues such as water seepage and changes in the protective layer condition that occur during the later stages of tunnel service to differences in surrounding rock conditions, service life, or maintenance investment, rarely conducting systematic correlation analysis with the process characteristics of the shotcrete construction stage.

[0004] However, with the continuous expansion of highway tunnel engineering scale and the increasing complexity of construction environments, existing technologies have gradually revealed certain limitations. On the one hand, existing monitoring methods focus on whether fluctuations in a single construction session exceed limits, failing to identify potential construction degradation trends reflected in the frequency changes of reasonable construction fluctuations under specific construction environments where high humidity and water seepage, strong ventilation and airflow disturbances, and continuous shotcreting operations coexist. On the other hand, existing technologies lack effective means to couple and analyze construction environmental conditions, micro-disturbance characteristics during construction, and changes in early-stage tunnel performance. This makes it difficult to identify hidden risks that may lead to functional degradation later on during the construction phase, and thus, it is impossible to implement pre-emptive, quantitative, and cost-effective intervention and control over the shotcrete construction process without altering existing construction specifications. These problems, to some extent, restrict further improvements in the quality of shotcrete support for tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-source data integration monitoring method and system for the construction process of highways, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: a multi-source data integration and monitoring method for the construction process of highways, the method comprising:

[0007] When it is identified that the current environment of shotcrete construction is in a specific tunnel construction environment, a pre-established historical construction database is retrieved, and several samples are selected from it. The historical shotcrete conditions corresponding to the samples are consistent with the current conditions, and the disturbance intensity index of the construction environment corresponding to different samples is different.

[0008] Obtain reasonable perturbation events for shotcrete construction for each sample, calculate the corresponding reasonable perturbation event occurrence frequency index, and obtain the functional attenuation index corresponding to the sample that reflects changes in tunnel service performance.

[0009] In several samples, as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases, do the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilizing and then turning upward respectively? And determine whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. If so, identify the turning point of the trend and determine the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the turning point as the reference index.

[0010] Calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index, and if it is greater than the reference index, adjust the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index.

[0011] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the specific construction environment of the tunnel refers to the construction environment in which high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation and airflow disturbance, and continuous spraying operation requirements exist simultaneously during the tunnel shotcrete construction process.

[0012] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the calculation process of the construction environment disturbance intensity index includes: collecting the humidity, seepage status, ventilation airflow parameters and spraying operation duration of the tunnel construction area, standardizing the above parameters, and weighting and fusing the above parameters according to the preset weighting rules to obtain the construction environment disturbance intensity index.

[0013] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the reasonable micro-disturbance event in shotcrete construction refers to the construction event that occurs during the shotcrete construction process, such as a short pause in spraying, an instantaneous adjustment of spraying parameters, or a short interruption and subsequent resumption of spraying operation, and the duration and parameter change range of each construction event are within a preset reasonable range.

[0014] The calculation process of the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events includes: during the shotcrete construction period in the specific construction environment of the tunnel, counting the number of occurrences of the construction events, and calculating the ratio of the number of occurrences to the duration of the corresponding construction period to obtain the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events.

[0015] As a further limitation of the technical solution of this embodiment of the invention, the functional attenuation index refers to a performance evaluation index collected during the early service stage of the tunnel to reflect the changes in tunnel service performance caused by the initial shotcrete support; the calculation process of the functional attenuation index includes: obtaining at least one of the seepage monitoring data, protective layer status detection data or structural appearance status detection data related to the initial shotcrete support during the early service stage of the tunnel, analyzing the rate of change of the corresponding parameter within a predetermined time period, and using the rate of change as the functional attenuation index.

[0016] As a further limitation of the technical solution of this invention, the step of calculating the current construction environment disturbance intensity index and, provided that it is greater than a reference index, adjusting the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index includes:

[0017] Calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the current shotcrete construction environment, and compare the current construction environment disturbance intensity index with the reference index;

[0018] If the current construction environment disturbance intensity index is greater than the reference index, the current construction environment disturbance intensity index shall be reduced to within the reference index by adjusting at least one construction condition related to the construction organization method. The construction conditions include the continuous rhythm of spraying operation, the seepage treatment status of the construction area, or the ventilation airflow parameters.

[0019] Once the current construction environment disturbance intensity index falls back to within the reference index, the current shotcrete construction will continue in the adjusted construction environment.

[0020] A multi-source data integration monitoring system for highway construction process, the system comprising:

[0021] The sample screening module is used to retrieve a pre-established historical construction database when the current environment of shotcrete construction is identified as being in a specific tunnel construction environment. Several samples are then selected from the database. The historical shotcrete conditions corresponding to the samples are consistent with the current conditions, and the disturbance intensity index of the construction environment corresponding to different samples is different.

[0022] The index calculation module is used to obtain the reasonable perturbation events of shotcrete construction for each sample, calculate the corresponding reasonable perturbation event occurrence frequency index, and obtain the functional attenuation index that reflects the change in tunnel service performance for the sample.

[0023] The trend analysis module is used to analyze whether the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilization and then turning upward as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases in several samples, and to determine whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. If so, the turning point of the trend is identified, and the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the turning point is determined as the reference index.

[0024] The construction adjustment module is used to calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index and, if it is greater than the reference index, adjust the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index.

[0025] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the specific construction environment of the tunnel refers to the construction environment in which high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation and airflow disturbance, and continuous spraying operation requirements exist simultaneously during the tunnel shotcrete construction process.

[0026] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the calculation process of the construction environment disturbance intensity index includes: collecting the humidity, seepage status, ventilation airflow parameters and spraying operation duration of the tunnel construction area, standardizing the above parameters, and weighting and fusing the above parameters according to the preset weighting rules to obtain the construction environment disturbance intensity index.

[0027] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the reasonable micro-disturbance event in shotcrete construction refers to the construction event that occurs during the shotcrete construction process, such as a short pause in spraying, an instantaneous adjustment of spraying parameters, or a short interruption and subsequent resumption of spraying operation, and the duration and parameter change range of each construction event are within a preset reasonable range.

[0028] The calculation process of the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events includes: during the shotcrete construction period in the specific construction environment of the tunnel, counting the number of occurrences of the construction events, and calculating the ratio of the number of occurrences to the duration of the corresponding construction period to obtain the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention introduces a construction environment disturbance intensity index to establish a coupled analysis mechanism between construction environment conditions, the frequency of reasonable micro-disturbance events, and changes in the early service performance of tunnels during the shotcrete construction stage. This overcomes the limitations of existing technologies that only focus on whether single construction fluctuations exceed limits while ignoring changes in the frequency of construction disturbances. This invention can identify hidden construction degradation trends in specific tunnel construction environments without altering existing shotcrete construction specifications and quality assessment standards. Through sample analysis, it determines a reference index for construction environment disturbances, thereby achieving pre-emptive, quantitative, and minimally interventional control of the shotcrete construction process. By making targeted adjustments to the construction organization within the reference index range, this invention ensures the adaptive resistance of shotcrete support while effectively reducing the risk of later functional degradation. It significantly improves the quality of initial tunnel support and long-term service reliability with low investment costs, demonstrating good engineering applicability and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the construction organization adjustment and control process based on the construction environment disturbance intensity index in the method provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0033] Figure 3 The application architecture diagram of the system provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Specifically, a multi-source data integration and monitoring method for highway construction process includes the following steps:

[0037] Step S100: When it is identified that the current environment of the shotcrete construction is in a specific tunnel construction environment, the pre-established historical construction database is retrieved, and several samples are selected from it. The historical shotcrete conditions corresponding to the samples are consistent with the current conditions, and the disturbance intensity index of the construction environment corresponding to different samples is different.

[0038] The specific construction environment of the tunnel refers to the construction environment during the tunnel shotcrete construction process that simultaneously presents high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation and airflow disturbances, and the requirement for continuous shotcreting operations.

[0039] The calculation process of the construction environment disturbance intensity index includes: collecting humidity, water seepage status, ventilation airflow parameters and spraying operation duration of the tunnel construction area, standardizing the above parameters, and weighting and fusing the above parameters according to preset weighting rules to obtain the construction environment disturbance intensity index.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, after tunnel excavation is completed, to prevent the surrounding rock from loosening, collapsing, or undergoing excessive deformation, shotcrete construction is usually carried out on the surface of the surrounding rock in a timely manner to form an initial shotcrete support structure. This initial shotcrete support is used to quickly seal and reinforce the surrounding rock, providing safe and stable working conditions for subsequent secondary lining construction, and is also an important foundation for the long-term service performance of the tunnel.

[0041] Existing technologies have been extensively studied regarding the construction process and quality control of shotcrete support. Shotcrete is widely used not only in highway tunnel construction but also in urban rail transit tunnels, underground utility tunnels, mine roadways, slope protection, and many other engineering fields. Therefore, existing technologies have formed a relatively mature technical system in terms of shotcrete equipment, construction techniques, and process monitoring.

[0042] In existing shotcrete construction processes, the spraying process is typically monitored in real time using various monitoring methods. These include pressure sensors, flow sensors, spraying parameter acquisition devices, and video monitoring equipment to continuously monitor spraying pressure, flow rate, duration, and status, thereby preventing abnormal construction situations that could significantly negatively impact support quality. It should be noted that during actual shotcrete construction, due to equipment operating characteristics, adjustments to construction operations, and changes in environmental conditions, brief pauses in spraying, instantaneous adjustments to spraying parameters, or resumption of spraying operations after short interruptions are unavoidable. Existing construction specifications usually set preset reasonable ranges for these situations. As long as the duration and parameter changes of these situations do not exceed these preset reasonable ranges, they are generally not considered abnormal construction and do not trigger additional quality control measures, which aligns with actual engineering practices.

[0043] However, after long-term analysis of a large amount of shotcrete support and maintenance data for various tunnels, as well as operation and maintenance data during the later stages of tunnel commissioning, those skilled in the art have found that a special construction environment often inevitably arises during tunnel construction: shotcrete construction simultaneously faces high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation and airflow disturbances, and the requirement for continuous shotcreting operations. In this invention, this construction environment is defined as a tunnel-specific construction environment.

[0044] Further analysis revealed that, under the specific construction environment of the tunnel, although the brief pauses in spraying, instantaneous adjustments to spraying parameters, or resumption of spraying operations after short interruptions occurred during shotcrete construction, these situations remained within a reasonable preset range and did not manifest as serious construction anomalies. However, due to the significant synergistic effect between high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation airflow disturbances, and the requirement for continuous spraying operations, the sensitivity of the spraying operation to environmental changes and operational disturbances was significantly increased, leading to a marked change in the frequency of the aforementioned reasonable micro-disturbance events. Specifically, high humidity and water seepage conditions alter the adhesion state and forming characteristics of the shotcrete material, strong ventilation airflow amplifies the airflow disturbance effect during spraying, and the requirement for continuous spraying operations makes the spraying process more susceptible to the cumulative effects of environmental fluctuations. These factors combined make reasonable micro-disturbance events more likely to be repeatedly triggered.

[0045] Since each reasonable perturbation event does not exceed the preset reasonable range, existing technologies usually do not conduct in-depth analysis of the changes in their frequency of occurrence, and there is a lack of specialized research for this type of construction environment.

[0046] Meanwhile, further analysis of maintenance data for initial shotcrete support in later stages of tunnel construction revealed that, under otherwise identical conditions, different tunnels or tunnel sections exhibited varying degrees of differences in maintenance requirements and functional degradation after tunnel commissioning due to varying degrees of specific construction environments. Furthermore, this difference showed a certain coupling relationship with the frequency of reasonable micro-disturbance events during the shotcrete construction phase. Those skilled in the art believe that this phenomenon is not simply caused by differences in tunnel usage conditions or maintenance investment, but is closely related to the implicit deterioration trend of the support formed under specific construction environments during the shotcrete construction phase. However, existing technologies typically attribute the differences in maintenance requirements of different support structures to differences in operating conditions or maintenance strategies, failing to conduct a systematic analysis based on the environmental conditions and micro-disturbance characteristics of the construction phase, and also failing to make proactive adjustments to current construction conditions based on the aforementioned analysis results.

[0047] Based on the above understanding, in step S100 of this invention, when the current environment of shotcrete construction is identified as a specific tunnel construction environment, a construction environment disturbance intensity index is introduced as a quantitative characterization method. When the construction environment disturbance intensity index reaches or exceeds a preset range, it indicates that the current shotcrete construction environment has formed a coupled environmental state caused by the combined effects of multiple construction environment factors, thereby triggering subsequent sample analysis and trend identification processes.

[0048] In practical implementation, the historical construction database can originate from completed or operational highway tunnel projects, providing fundamental data support for the multi-source data integration and analysis of this invention. The historical construction database may include objective data types from multiple different construction and service stages.

[0049] Specifically, the historical construction database may include construction environment parameter data, spraying condition data, and spraying process record data during the shotcrete construction phase, to reflect the environmental conditions and construction status during the shotcrete construction process; at the same time, the historical construction database may also include tunnel operation monitoring data and test data collected during the early service stage of the tunnel after the shotcrete construction is completed, to reflect the changes in the tunnel's service performance.

[0050] All of the above-mentioned data can be obtained through existing construction monitoring systems, equipment operation record systems, construction process record systems, and tunnel operation monitoring systems. These data are types that can be collected, stored, and retrieved under current technological conditions, thus ensuring the feasibility of the historical construction database in engineering applications.

[0051] In step S100, several samples are selected from the historical construction database to construct a set of historical construction samples that are comparable to the current shotcrete construction conditions. By selecting historical samples, it can be ensured that the selected samples are consistent with the current shotcrete construction in terms of shotcrete conditions, and the main differences between different samples are concentrated in the differences in the intensity index of the disturbance in the construction environment.

[0052] The significance of the sample screening is to eliminate the interference of differences in spraying conditions on subsequent analysis, so that the construction environment disturbance intensity index can be used as the main variable to reflect changes in construction environment characteristics, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent analysis based on changes in construction environment disturbance intensity, thereby ensuring that the subsequent analysis results can truly reflect the impact of changes in construction environment conditions.

[0053] The consistency of historical spraying conditions with the current conditions for the samples means that the spraying condition parameters in the historical samples are consistent with the spraying condition parameters of the current shotcrete construction within a preset allowable error range. These spraying condition parameters include at least the type of spraying equipment, spraying method, spraying pressure range, spraying flow rate range, and spraying process flow, and may further include the position and attitude of the spraying equipment within the construction area and the corresponding spraying operation requirements. By adopting a relatively strict but permissible error-tolerant consistency screening method, interference factors introduced by differences in the spraying conditions themselves can be effectively avoided. This ensures that the main differences between samples are concentrated in the different disturbance intensity indices of the construction environment, thereby improving the reliability of subsequent trend analysis and coupling relationship judgment.

[0054] In the specific calculation of the construction environment disturbance intensity index, the humidity, seepage status, ventilation airflow parameters, and spraying operation duration in the tunnel construction area are first collected. Humidity and seepage status can be collected using tunnel environmental monitoring sensors and seepage monitoring devices; ventilation airflow parameters can be obtained using ventilation system sensors or wind speed detection devices; and the spraying operation duration can be obtained from the spraying equipment operation records or construction logs. Subsequently, these parameters are standardized to eliminate the influence of differences in the dimensions and value ranges of different parameters.

[0055] After standardization, the above parameters are weighted and fused according to preset weighting rules to obtain the construction environment disturbance intensity index. The weights of each parameter are preset based on their impact on the continuity of the spraying operation under actual construction conditions. Humidity and water seepage status are mainly used to reflect the impact of the construction environment on the state of the sprayed concrete material and the forming process, while ventilation airflow parameters and spraying operation duration are mainly used to reflect the sensitivity of the disturbance to being triggered during construction. In this way, an objective characterization of the continuity disturbance intensity of the spraying operation under the combined effect of multiple parameters can be achieved, thus providing a quantitative basis for subsequent sample analysis and construction organization adjustments.

[0056] Furthermore, the multi-source data integration and monitoring method for the highway construction process also includes the following steps:

[0057] Step S200: Obtain reasonable perturbation events for shotcrete construction for each sample, calculate the corresponding reasonable perturbation event occurrence frequency index, and obtain the functional attenuation index corresponding to the sample that reflects changes in tunnel service performance.

[0058] The reasonable micro-disturbance events in shotcrete construction refer to construction events that occur during shotcrete construction, such as short pauses in spraying, instantaneous adjustments to spraying parameters, or resumption of spraying operations after a short interruption. The duration and parameter change range of each construction event are within a preset reasonable range.

[0059] The calculation process of the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events includes: during the shotcrete construction period in the specific construction environment of the tunnel, counting the number of occurrences of the construction events, and calculating the ratio of the number of occurrences to the duration of the corresponding construction period to obtain the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events.

[0060] The functional attenuation index refers to a performance evaluation index collected during the early service stage of the tunnel to reflect the changes in tunnel service performance caused by the initial shotcrete support. The calculation process of the functional attenuation index includes: obtaining at least one of the seepage monitoring data, protective layer status detection data, or structural appearance status detection data related to the initial shotcrete support during the early service stage of the tunnel, analyzing the rate of change of the corresponding parameter within a predetermined time period, and using the rate of change as the functional attenuation index.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, in step S200, based on the completed sample screening, for each sample, reasonable micro-disturbance events of shotcrete construction are further obtained, and on this basis, the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events is calculated, and at the same time, the functional attenuation index reflecting the change of tunnel service performance corresponding to the sample is obtained.

[0062] The reasonable minor disturbances in shotcrete construction refer to short-term construction fluctuations that occur during shotcrete construction and do not exceed the preset reasonable range of the construction specifications. These events include brief pauses in spraying, instantaneous adjustments to spraying parameters, and resumption of spraying operations after brief interruptions. The duration and magnitude of these individual events are all within the preset reasonable range. It should be noted that these reasonable minor disturbances are common in actual shotcrete construction and are unavoidable construction phenomena resulting from the combined effects of equipment operating characteristics, operational adjustments, and environmental changes. Existing construction management systems typically do not consider them abnormal construction situations.

[0063] This step does not focus on the severity of a single reasonable disturbance event, but rather introduces a reasonable disturbance event frequency index to reflect the density of reasonable disturbance events under specific construction environmental conditions. This index is obtained by statistically analyzing the shotcrete construction period within the specific tunnel construction environment. Specifically, the number of reasonable disturbance events occurring during the construction period is counted, and the ratio of this number to the duration of the corresponding construction period is calculated to obtain an index characterizing the frequency of reasonable disturbance events. In this way, without changing the existing criteria for determining the reasonableness of construction, the characteristics of minor but frequent construction disturbances can be quantitatively reflected during the construction process.

[0064] Simultaneously, in step S200, the functional degradation index corresponding to the sample is also obtained. The functional degradation index refers to a performance evaluation index collected during the early service stage of the tunnel, used to reflect changes in tunnel service performance caused by the initial shotcrete support. Unlike performance changes throughout the tunnel's entire life cycle, the early service stage can more directly reflect the impact of the structural state and material properties formed during the construction phase of the initial shotcrete support on the tunnel's service performance, thereby effectively avoiding interference from factors such as operational years, cumulative traffic load effects, or later maintenance strategies on the analysis results.

[0065] In practical implementation, the functional degradation index can be obtained by acquiring at least one of the following: seepage monitoring data, protective layer condition detection data, or structural appearance condition detection data related to the initial shotcrete support during the early service stage of the tunnel. The rate of change of the corresponding parameters over a predetermined time period is then used as the functional degradation index. By focusing on the performance change characteristics during the early service stage, potential deterioration trends in the shotcrete support during construction can be identified more sensitively.

[0066] It should be noted that the reasonable perturbation event data, reasonable perturbation event frequency index, and functional attenuation index involved in step S200 are all directly extracted from existing data in the historical construction database, or obtained after data processing steps such as denoising and standardization on the original data. The above data processing methods are all data processing means that can be implemented under the current technical conditions, thereby ensuring the feasibility and data reliability of step S200 in engineering applications.

[0067] Furthermore, the multi-source data integration and monitoring method for the highway construction process also includes the following steps:

[0068] Step S300: Analyze whether the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilization and then turning upward as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases in several samples, and determine whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. If so, identify the turning point of the trend and determine the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the turning point as the reference index.

[0069] Step S400: Calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index, and if it is greater than the reference index, adjust the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index.

[0070] Specifically, Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the construction organization adjustment and control process based on the construction environment disturbance intensity index is presented.

[0071] The calculation of the current construction environment disturbance intensity index, and, provided that it is greater than the reference index, adjusting the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index, specifically includes the following steps:

[0072] Step S401: Calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the current shotcrete construction environment, and compare the current construction environment disturbance intensity index with the reference index;

[0073] Step S402: If the current construction environment disturbance intensity index is greater than the reference index, adjust at least one construction condition related to the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index. The construction conditions include the continuous rhythm of the spraying operation, the seepage treatment status of the construction area, or the ventilation airflow parameters. If the current construction environment disturbance intensity index is not greater than the reference index, maintain the current sprayed concrete construction organization method unchanged and do not make any additional construction adjustments.

[0074] Step S403: After the current construction environment disturbance intensity index falls back to within the reference index, the current shotcrete construction continues in the adjusted construction environment.

[0075] In this embodiment of the invention, in step S300, based on the already obtained construction environment disturbance intensity index, reasonable micro-disturbance event frequency index and functional attenuation index, a comprehensive analysis is performed on several samples to determine whether the reasonable micro-disturbance event frequency index and functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilization and then turning upward as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases, and further determine whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends.

[0076] The core function of step S300 is to objectively and data-drivenly verify whether the core research laws proposed in step S100 of this invention exist in the current construction scenario. Specifically, through sample screening, it has been ensured that all samples are consistent at the spraying condition level, and the main difference between different samples is only reflected in the difference in the construction environment disturbance intensity index. On this basis, if the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index both show a trend of first stabilizing and then turning upward as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases, then the interference of factors such as differences in spraying conditions and differences in construction equipment can be ruled out, and it can be clarified that this change characteristic is mainly caused by the differences in the specific construction environment of the tunnel.

[0077] It should be noted that the trend of change that this invention focuses on is not a linear upward relationship, but rather a trend of initial stabilization followed by a sharp upward turn. This is because existing shotcrete support technology itself has an adaptive resistance to a certain degree of environmental disturbance. When the intensity of environmental disturbance during construction is low, although reasonable micro-disturbance events exist during shotcrete construction, their frequency of occurrence does not change significantly, and they do not have an observable impact on later service performance. When the intensity index of environmental disturbance exceeds a certain critical range, the linkage effect between high humidity seepage, strong ventilation airflow disturbance, and continuous shotcreting operation requirements in the specific construction environment of the tunnel begins to significantly amplify the sensitivity of the construction process to disturbances, thereby leading to a significant increase in the frequency of reasonable micro-disturbance events, which manifests as an accelerated change in functional degradation indicators in the early service stage of the tunnel.

[0078] In step S300, by simultaneously analyzing the changing trends of the frequency index of reasonable perturbation events and the functional attenuation index, it can be further determined whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. When the above-mentioned change characteristic of first stabilizing and then turning upward is observed in multiple samples, and the change ranges of the two types of indicators have a consistent turning point in the dimension of construction environment disturbance intensity index, the existence of this coupling relationship can be confirmed. This analysis process can be achieved using existing data analysis methods, such as segmented statistical analysis based on sample data, trend identification, or inflection point identification, all of which are data processing methods that can be implemented under current technical conditions.

[0079] The analysis results of step S300 identify the turning point in the trend and determine the corresponding construction environment disturbance intensity index as a reference index. This reference index characterizes the upper limit of environmental disturbance intensity that allows shotcrete construction to maintain its adaptive resistance under specific tunnel construction conditions, thus providing a quantitative basis for subsequent construction organization adjustments. Therefore, step S300 directly echoes the core research content proposed in step S100, namely, identifying the impact of changes in construction environment disturbance intensity under specific tunnel construction conditions on the construction process and subsequent service performance.

[0080] In step S400, the current shotcrete construction process is controlled in real time based on the reference index determined in step S300. When the calculated current construction environment disturbance intensity index is greater than the reference index, the construction organization method is adjusted to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back below the reference index.

[0081] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, step S400 can be further refined into steps S401 to S403. In step S401, the current construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the current shotcrete construction environment is calculated, and the current construction environment disturbance intensity index is compared with a reference index. In step S402, when the current construction environment disturbance intensity index is greater than the reference index, at least one construction condition related to the construction organization method is adjusted to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back below the reference index. The construction conditions include the continuous rhythm of the shotcrete operation, the seepage treatment status of the construction area, or ventilation airflow parameters.

[0082] In practice, various existing construction management and technical methods can be adopted to adjust the construction organization. For example, while ensuring spraying quality, the continuous rhythm of spraying operations can be adjusted by appropriately introducing intermittent spraying to reduce the duration of continuous spraying operations; or, in response to water seepage in the construction area, temporary drainage or water diversion measures can be strengthened to reduce the impact of local water seepage on the spraying operation; or, the operating parameters of the ventilation system can be adjusted to reduce the intensity of airflow disturbance in the spraying operation area. All of the above adjustment measures are technical means that can be implemented under existing construction conditions, do not involve substantial modifications to the spraying process or equipment, and have good engineering operability.

[0083] In step S403, after the current construction environment disturbance intensity index falls back to within the reference index, the current shotcrete construction continues in the adjusted construction environment. This method ensures that shotcrete construction remains within its adaptive resistance range to environmental disturbances without significantly increasing construction costs or complexity, thereby effectively reducing the risk of abnormally amplified frequency of reasonable micro-disturbance events and suppressing potential support deterioration trends.

[0084] Combining steps S300 and S400, this invention identifies the coupling relationship between changes in the intensity of construction environment disturbances and the frequency and functional attenuation of reasonable micro-disturbance events. It further transforms this relationship into an executable construction organization adjustment strategy, achieving pre-control of the shotcrete construction process. This technical solution not only effectively addresses the core research question raised in step S100 but also improves the overall quality and stability of initial shotcrete support while maintaining relatively low investment, demonstrating significant and unexpected technical benefits.

[0085] From the perspective of application prospects, this invention does not rely on new construction equipment or complex sensing systems. It can be directly implemented based on existing construction monitoring and operation monitoring data. It is suitable for engineering scenarios such as highway tunnels that have high requirements for construction continuity and support quality, and has good promotion and application value.

[0086] Furthermore, Figure 3 An application architecture diagram of the system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0087] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a multi-source data integration monitoring system for highway construction includes:

[0088] The sample screening module 100 is used to retrieve a pre-established historical construction database when the current environment of shotcrete construction is identified as being in a specific tunnel construction environment, and to screen a number of samples from it. The historical shotcrete conditions corresponding to the samples are consistent with the current conditions, and the disturbance intensity index of the construction environment corresponding to different samples is different.

[0089] The specific construction environment of the tunnel refers to the construction environment during the tunnel shotcrete construction process that simultaneously presents high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation and airflow disturbances, and the requirement for continuous shotcreting operations.

[0090] The calculation process of the construction environment disturbance intensity index includes: collecting humidity, water seepage status, ventilation airflow parameters and spraying operation duration of the tunnel construction area, standardizing the above parameters, and weighting and fusing the above parameters according to preset weighting rules to obtain the construction environment disturbance intensity index.

[0091] Furthermore, the multi-source data integration monitoring system for the highway construction process also includes:

[0092] The index calculation module 200 is used to obtain the reasonable micro-disturbance events of shotcrete construction for each sample, calculate the corresponding reasonable micro-disturbance event occurrence frequency index, and obtain the functional attenuation index corresponding to the sample that reflects the change in tunnel service performance.

[0093] The reasonable micro-disturbance events in shotcrete construction refer to construction events that occur during shotcrete construction, such as short pauses in spraying, instantaneous adjustments to spraying parameters, or resumption of spraying operations after a short interruption. The duration and parameter variation of each construction event are within a preset reasonable range. The calculation process of the reasonable micro-disturbance event frequency index includes: counting the number of occurrences of the construction events during the shotcrete construction period in the specific construction environment of the tunnel, and calculating the ratio of the number of occurrences to the duration of the corresponding construction period to obtain the reasonable micro-disturbance event frequency index.

[0094] Furthermore, the multi-source data integration monitoring system for the highway construction process also includes:

[0095] The trend analysis module 300 is used to analyze whether the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilization and then turning upward as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases in several samples, and to determine whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. If so, the turning point of the trend is identified, and the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the turning point is determined as the reference index.

[0096] Furthermore, the multi-source data integration monitoring system for the highway construction process also includes:

[0097] The construction adjustment module 400 is used to calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index and, if it is greater than the reference index, adjust the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index.

[0098] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the various embodiments of the present invention are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the various embodiments may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0100] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0101] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated monitoring of multi-source data during highway construction, characterized in that, The method includes: When the current environment for shotcrete construction is identified as a tunnel construction environment, a pre-established historical construction database is retrieved, and several samples are selected from it. The historical shotcrete conditions corresponding to the samples are consistent with the current conditions, and the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to different samples is different. The calculation process of the construction environment disturbance intensity index includes: collecting the humidity, water seepage status, ventilation airflow parameters, and shotcrete operation duration of the tunnel construction area, standardizing the above parameters, and weighting and fusing the above parameters according to the preset weighting rules to obtain the construction environment disturbance intensity index. The reasonable perturbation events of shotcrete construction for each sample are obtained, the corresponding reasonable perturbation event occurrence frequency index is calculated, and the functional attenuation index reflecting the change in tunnel service performance corresponding to the sample is obtained. The reasonable perturbation events of shotcrete construction refer to construction events that occur during the shotcrete construction process, such as short pauses in spraying, instantaneous adjustments of spraying parameters, or resumption of spraying operations after a short interruption. The duration of each construction event and the magnitude of parameter changes are within a preset reasonable range. The calculation process of the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events includes: during the shotcrete construction period in the tunnel construction environment, counting the number of occurrences of the construction events, and calculating the ratio of the number of occurrences to the duration of the corresponding construction period to obtain the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events. The functional attenuation index refers to a performance evaluation index collected during the early service stage of the tunnel to reflect the changes in tunnel service performance caused by the initial shotcrete support. The calculation process of the functional attenuation index includes: obtaining at least one of the seepage monitoring data, protective layer status detection data or structural appearance status detection data related to the initial shotcrete support during the early service stage of the tunnel, analyzing the rate of change of the corresponding parameter within a predetermined time period, and using the rate of change as the functional attenuation index. In several samples, as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases, do the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilizing and then turning upward respectively? And determine whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. If so, identify the turning point of the trend and determine the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the turning point as the reference index. Calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index, and if it is greater than the reference index, adjust the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index.

2. The multi-source data integration and monitoring method for highway construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tunnel construction environment refers to the construction environment during the tunnel shotcrete construction process that simultaneously presents high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation and airflow disturbances, and the requirement for continuous shotcreting operations.

3. The multi-source data integration and monitoring method for highway construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the current construction environment disturbance intensity index, and then adjusting the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index, provided that it is greater than the reference index, include: Calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the current shotcrete construction environment, and compare the current construction environment disturbance intensity index with the reference index; If the current construction environment disturbance intensity index is greater than the reference index, the current construction environment disturbance intensity index shall be reduced to within the reference index by adjusting at least one construction condition related to the construction organization method. The construction conditions include the continuous rhythm of spraying operation, the seepage treatment status of the construction area, or the ventilation airflow parameters. Once the current construction environment disturbance intensity index falls back to within the reference index, the current shotcrete construction will continue in the adjusted construction environment.

4. A multi-source data integration monitoring system for highway construction process, characterized in that, The system includes: The sample screening module is used to retrieve a pre-established historical construction database when the current environment of shotcrete construction is identified as a tunnel construction environment, and select several samples from it. The historical shotcrete conditions corresponding to the samples are consistent with the current conditions, and the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to different samples is different. The calculation process of the construction environment disturbance intensity index includes: collecting the humidity, water seepage status, ventilation airflow parameters and shotcrete operation duration of the tunnel construction area, standardizing the above parameters, and weighting and fusing the above parameters according to the preset weighting rules to obtain the construction environment disturbance intensity index. The index calculation module is used to obtain the reasonable perturbation events of shotcrete construction for each sample, calculate the corresponding reasonable perturbation event occurrence frequency index, and obtain the functional attenuation index that reflects the change in tunnel service performance for the sample. The reasonable micro-disturbance events in shotcrete construction refer to construction events that occur during shotcrete construction, such as short pauses in spraying, instantaneous adjustments to spraying parameters, or resumption of spraying operations after a short interruption. The duration and parameter change range of each construction event are within a preset reasonable range. The calculation process of the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events includes: during the shotcrete construction period in the tunnel construction environment, counting the number of occurrences of the construction events, and calculating the ratio of the number of occurrences to the duration of the corresponding construction period to obtain the reasonable frequency index of minor disturbance events. The functional attenuation index refers to a performance evaluation index collected during the early service stage of the tunnel to reflect the changes in tunnel service performance caused by the initial shotcrete support. The calculation process of the functional attenuation index includes: obtaining at least one of the seepage monitoring data, protective layer status detection data or structural appearance status detection data related to the initial shotcrete support during the early service stage of the tunnel, analyzing the rate of change of the corresponding parameter within a predetermined time period, and using the rate of change as the functional attenuation index. The trend analysis module is used to analyze whether the frequency index of reasonable micro-disturbance events and the functional attenuation index show a trend of first stabilization and then turning upward as the construction environment disturbance intensity index increases in several samples, and to determine whether there is a coupling relationship between the two trends. If so, the turning point of the trend is identified, and the construction environment disturbance intensity index corresponding to the turning point is determined as the reference index. The construction adjustment module is used to calculate the current construction environment disturbance intensity index and, if it is greater than the reference index, adjust the construction organization method to bring the current construction environment disturbance intensity index back to within the reference index.

5. The multi-source data integration monitoring system for highway construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tunnel construction environment refers to the construction environment during the tunnel shotcrete construction process that simultaneously presents high humidity and water seepage conditions, strong ventilation and airflow disturbances, and the requirement for continuous shotcreting operations.

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