Adaptive low temperature electronic paper and driving method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electronic paper display, and particularly relates to self-adaptive low-temperature electronic paper and a driving method thereof. The present application firstly establishes a mapping relationship between temperature intervals and current data by measuring current data of the electronic paper in a heating starting process. In the heating starting process, actual current data of each region is determined based on the mapping relationship, and a deviation difference value is calculated to calibrate the region. For the calibrated region, a relative position relationship thereof is further analyzed to determine a density, so as to determine whether to perform global intervention or local intervention. Meanwhile, a drift mapping relationship of a time domain response curve of temperature and current is monitored to determine a drift trend of the region and to determine whether to intervene. By capturing actual voltage waveforms of each region after a driving voltage is applied in an intervention process in real time, a slope difference thereof is calculated to determine an optimal interval of intervention parameters, so as to suppress transient display residual image and improve instant display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic paper display, and in particular to an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper and a driving method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of display technology, electronic paper has been widely used in smart retail, electronic tags, wearable devices and other fields due to its excellent static display effect and extremely low power consumption characteristics. At the same time, it is also closely related to outdoor information screens, vehicle-mounted displays, low-temperature logistics management and other scenes with strict environmental adaptability requirements. Therefore, ensuring the display reliability, refresh speed and energy efficiency of electronic paper in a wide temperature range, especially in a low-temperature environment, has become an indispensable part of broadening its application boundaries and improving the user experience.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN109599067A discloses a debugging method for electronic paper in a low-temperature environment. In the debugging voltage waveform, including voltage balance area, flicker area and display area, the following steps are included. Step one: in the voltage balance area, give the charged particles a voltage opposite to the self-voltage polarity to neutralize the voltage; Step two: in the flicker area, give the charged particles a high driving voltage and then a low driving voltage, and at the same time provide a VCOM voltage, the VCOM voltage is first given a low voltage and then a high voltage, the high driving voltage and the low driving voltage are cycled multiple times in the environment of the VCOM voltage; Step three: in the white waveform of the display area, give a low driving voltage, and then amplify the driving through the VCOM voltage, the VCOM voltage is first given a low voltage and then a high voltage; Step four: adjust the frame number of black and red charged particles in the display area until the display effect is achieved. The present application makes the entire electronic paper white background invisible to black spots by applying an external VCOM voltage and making the flicker end with white color.

[0004] However, the prior art still has the following problems,

[0005] In the heating start-up process of the adaptive low-temperature electronic paper, there is a thermal relaxation lag between the macroscopic temperature response and the stable equilibrium of the microscopic fluid dynamics state, which may cause incomplete migration of charged particles and transient display residual images, thereby reducing the overall performance of the system in terms of real-time display reliability, user interaction experience and adaptive control in a dynamic variable-temperature environment. SUMMARY

[0006] To this end, the application provides an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper and a driving method thereof, to overcome the problem in the prior art that there is a thermal relaxation lag between the macroscopic temperature response and the microscopic fluid dynamics state reaching a stable equilibrium in the heating start-up process of the adaptive low-temperature electronic paper, which may cause incomplete migration of charged particles and transient display ghosting, thereby reducing the real-time display reliability, user interaction experience and overall performance of adaptive control of the system in a dynamic variable-temperature environment.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, in one aspect, the application provides an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method, which comprises,

[0008] Step S1, pre-measuring current data in the heating start-up process of the target electronic paper to establish a mapping relationship between the temperature interval and the current data of the target electronic paper;

[0009] Step S2, in response to the heating start-up of the target electronic paper, determining the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature intervals within the heating observation period based on the mapping relationship, to determine the deviation difference value of each region, and calibrating each region;

[0010] Step S3, analyzing the calibrated regions, comprising,

[0011] analyzing the relative positional relationship between the regions to determine the density, and determining global intervention or local intervention based on the density;

[0012] monitoring the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend;

[0013] Step S4, capturing the actual voltage waveform of each region after applying a driving voltage in the intervention process in real time, and determining the optimal interval of the corresponding intervention parameter when intervention is performed based on the slope difference of a plurality of the actual voltage waveforms;

[0014] wherein the intervention includes adjusting the voltage and adjusting the heating power, and the intervention parameter includes the voltage amplitude, the heating power and the heating duration.

[0015] Further, the process of determining the deviation difference value of each region comprises,

[0016] for each region, calculating the difference ratio mean of the actual current data and the current data in the mapping relationship in different temperature intervals, and determining the deviation difference value of the region.

[0017] Further, the process of calibrating each region comprises,

[0018] if the deviation difference value is greater than or equal to a preset deviation difference threshold, calibrating as a mismatch fragile region.

[0019] If the deviation difference value is less than a preset deviation difference threshold, the region is calibrated as a matching region.

[0020] Further, the process of analyzing each region for calibration comprises,

[0021] If the region is calibrated as a mismatch fragile region, the relative positional relationship between each region is analyzed to determine a density, and based on the density, a global intervention or a local intervention is determined;

[0022] If the region is calibrated as a matching region, the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve is monitored to determine a drift trend of the region, and based on the drift trend, it is determined whether to intervene.

[0023] Further, the process of determining a density and determining a global intervention or a local intervention based on the density comprises,

[0024] The average distance between each mismatch fragile region is determined and is determined as the density;

[0025] If the density is greater than or equal to a preset density threshold, a global intervention is performed;

[0026] If the density is less than a preset density threshold, a local intervention is performed.

[0027] Further, the process of monitoring the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve comprises,

[0028] A current response ratio temperature curve is constructed with temperature as the horizontal axis and the ratio of actual current data to current data in the corresponding temperature interval in the mapping relationship as the vertical axis;

[0029] The change slope of the current response ratio temperature curve is determined and is determined as the drift mapping relationship.

[0030] Further, the process of determining a drift trend of each region comprises,

[0031] If the drift mapping relationship is within a preset drift range, the drift trend of the region is determined to be a normal trend;

[0032] If the drift mapping relationship is not within a preset drift range, the drift trend of the region is determined to be an abnormal trend.

[0033] Further, the process of determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend comprises,

[0034] If the drift trend of the region is a normal trend, no intervention is performed;

[0035] If the drift trend of the region is an abnormal trend, intervention is performed.

[0036] Further, the process of determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter based on the slope difference of the actual voltage waveform includes,

[0037] determining the average slope of the actual voltage waveform in the predetermined time domain segment during the intervention process;

[0038] determining the slope difference between the average slope and a preset standard slope;

[0039] If the slope difference is less than a preset slope difference threshold, the value boundary of the current intervention parameter is determined, and the optimal interval is determined based on the value boundary.

[0040] In another aspect, the present application provides an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper, comprising:

[0041] a laminated structure comprising an electronic paper substrate, an electronic paper film layer, an optically transparent adhesive layer, and a transparent conductive film layer arranged in sequence;

[0042] a temperature sensing module arranged in a non-display area of the target electronic paper for real-time acquisition of environmental temperature data;

[0043] a control module connected to the temperature sensing module and the transparent conductive film layer, for receiving the temperature data and controlling the voltage and heating power of the transparent conductive film layer;

[0044] wherein the transparent conductive film layer is a power-on heating layer with low resistance characteristics.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present application first establishes a mapping relationship between temperature intervals and current data by measuring the current data of the electronic paper during the heating start-up process. During the heating start-up, the actual current data of each region is determined based on the mapping relationship, and the deviation difference value is calculated to calibrate the region. For the calibrated region, the relative position relationship is further analyzed to determine the density, so as to determine whether to perform global intervention or local intervention. At the same time, the drift mapping relationship of the time domain response curve of temperature and current is monitored to determine the drift trend of the region and decide whether to intervene. By capturing the actual voltage waveform of each region after applying the driving voltage during the intervention process in real time, the slope difference is calculated, the optimal interval of the intervention parameter is determined, and the transient display ghosting is suppressed, thereby improving the instant display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0046] Especially, the present application determines the deviation difference value of each region by determining the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature intervals based on the mapping relationship in the heating observation period, and calibrates each region. In the low-temperature starting process, the viscosity distribution of the electrophoretic fluid in the electronic paper display layer is not completely uniform. This microscopic non-uniformity can cause differences in the migration ability and response speed of charged particles in different regions under the same macroscopic heating conditions, which is the microscopic cause of thermal relaxation lag. Traditional single temperature monitoring can only reflect the input of macroscopic heat, and cannot directly reveal the microscopic state difference which determines the final display performance. The driving current, as a direct electrical characterization of the migration of charged particles, is extremely sensitive to the local viscosity of the electrophoretic fluid and the migration resistance of the particles. Therefore, by establishing a mapping relationship between the temperature interval and the standard current data as a reference, and monitoring the deviation difference value of each sub-region current from it in the actual heating process, the degree of deviation of the microscopic fluid dynamics state of each region from the ideal state is essentially quantitatively measured. Thus, the transient display residual image is inhibited, and the instant display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system are improved.

[0047] In particular, the application determines the density by analyzing the relative position relationship between each region, determines global intervention or local intervention based on the density, monitors the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and determines whether to intervene based on the drift trend. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of materials, processes and heat dissipation conditions, the distribution of mismatch fragile regions formed inside the panel has randomness and clustering. If equal intervention is applied to all regions, although the overall display can be ensured, a large number of matching regions will bear unnecessary excessive intervention, causing local overheating, accelerated aging, and waste of electrical energy. On the contrary, if only conservative local intervention is performed, when the number and spatial distribution of mismatch fragile regions caused by material, process or uneven heat dissipation on the panel exceed a certain critical state, the nature of the problem has been upgraded from a collection of discrete defects to a systematic regional functional disorder. At this time, continuing to use local intervention is not only ineffective, but may even cause difficult-to-eliminate, macroscopically visible transient and steady-state display artifacts. On the other hand, for well-matched matching regions, simply ignoring them also poses a risk. Because the thermodynamic state in a low-temperature environment is dynamically evolving, a currently matching region may gradually drift out of the stable interval due to continuous work heat production, environmental temperature fluctuations or material property slow changes. Therefore, the application constructs a current response to temperature curve and extracts its slope as a drift mapping relationship to quantify the dynamic trend of the response characteristics of the region with temperature changes. If the slope is stable within the preset normal range, it indicates that the state evolution is controllable; if the slope deviates from the normal range, it implies that the region may be experiencing a microstate mutation. At this time, the conditional intervention strategy based on trend prediction enables the system to have preliminary evaluation and preventive maintenance capabilities, thereby improving the instant display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0048] Especially, the application determines the optimal interval of the intervention parameter corresponding to the intervention by capturing the actual voltage waveform of each region after the driving voltage is applied in the intervention process in real time, and determining the slope difference of a plurality of the actual voltage waveforms. Since the voltage waveform, especially the rising or falling slope of the driving stage, is a direct electrical manifestation of the migration rate of charged particles under the action of the electric field. The steeper the slope, the faster the particle response, indicating fast switching; the flatter the slope, the slower the particle migration, which is prone to cause switching delay and residual image. Under low temperature, non-uniform and complex working conditions, even if the aforementioned intervention parameters are applied, due to uncontrollable factors such as material tolerance and slight differences in local thermal field, the actual response speed of different regions or even pixels in the same region may still be different. This inconsistency is the direct microscopic cause of the macroscopically visible transient display residual image and uneven brightness. Therefore, determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter based on the slope difference of the actual voltage waveform is essentially to change the control target from the indirect process parameter to the final display performance indicator, i.e., response uniformity. The method determines the average slope of the actual voltage waveform in the predetermined time domain segment in the intervention process, and determines the slope difference between the average slope and the preset standard slope to quantify the difference. When the slope difference is less than the preset threshold, it indicates that the pixel response of the full screen or the target region has reached a high degree of synchronization under the current intervention parameter, and the display uniformity is optimal. At this time, the parameter combination is considered as effective intervention. By collecting the parameter combinations of effective intervention, the system can statistically conclude the optimal interval of the intervention parameter that can make the display performance stable within the optimal range. This interval represents the best balance point between eliminating residual image and system reliability, and is an indispensable technical core to achieve the dual goals of suppressing transient residual image and improving real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency, thereby improving the real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 A step schematic diagram of the adaptive low-temperature driving method of the embodiment of the application;

[0050] Figure 2 A logic block diagram of calibrating each region of the embodiment of the application;

[0051] Figure 3 A logic block diagram of analyzing the calibrated regions of the embodiment of the application;

[0052] Figure 4 A logic determination diagram of determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter corresponding to the intervention of the embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the application clearer and more apparent, the application will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the application and do not limit the application.

[0054] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present application and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0055] In addition, it should be further explained that, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above-mentioned term in the present application according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 1 Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of steps of the adaptive low-temperature driving method of the embodiment of the present application. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method of the present application comprises:

[0057] Step S1, pre-measuring current data in the heating start-up process of the target electronic paper, establishing a mapping relationship between the temperature interval of the target electronic paper and the current data;

[0058] Step S2, in response to the heating start-up of the target electronic paper, determining the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature intervals within the heating observation period based on the mapping relationship, to determine the deviation difference value of each region, and calibrating each region;

[0059] Step S3, analyzing the calibrated regions, including,

[0060] analyzing the relative position relationship between the regions to determine the density, and determining global intervention or local intervention based on the density;

[0061] monitoring the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend;

[0062] Step S4, capturing the actual voltage waveform of each region after applying the driving voltage in the intervention process in real time, and determining the optimal interval of the corresponding intervention parameter when intervention is performed based on the slope difference of a plurality of the actual voltage waveforms;

[0063] The intervention includes adjusting the voltage and adjusting the heating power, and the intervention parameter includes the voltage amplitude, the heating power and the heating duration.

[0064] The manner of measuring the current data of the target electronic paper during the heating starting process is not limited, and can be directly measured by connecting a high-precision sampling resistor in series in the driving circuit or indirectly measured by using a non-contact current sensor based on the Hall effect or flux gate technology, as long as the current data of the target electronic paper at different temperature intervals can be accurately obtained.

[0065] In the implementation, when the mapping relationship between the temperature intervals of the target electronic paper and the current data is established, the mean values of the current data of the target electronic paper when the temperature is in different temperature intervals in the abnormal-free starting process are determined by the person skilled in the art in advance, and the mapping relationship between the mean values of the current data and the temperature intervals is constructed.

[0066] Specifically, the process of determining the deviation difference value of each region includes,

[0067] For each region, the difference ratio mean value of the actual current data and the current data in different temperature intervals in the mapping relationship is calculated, and the deviation difference value of the region is determined.

[0068] In the implementation, the temperature intervals are set to ensure that the discretization sampling and comparison are performed in the temperature dimension. In the implementation, the temperature span experienced in the entire heating starting process, from -20 DEG C to 25 DEG C, is uniformly divided into a series of continuous and adjacent narrow band ranges, for example, 0 DEG C to 5 DEG C, 5 DEG C to 10 DEG C, and a plurality of subintervals.

[0069] In the implementation, the global intervention is performed on each region of the electronic paper, and the local intervention is performed only on the corresponding calibrated region of the electronic paper.

[0070] The present application determines the deviation difference value of each region by determining the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature intervals based on the mapping relationship during the heating observation period, and calibrates each region. In the low-temperature starting process, the viscosity distribution of the electrophoretic fluid in the display layer of the electronic paper is not completely uniform, and this microscopic non-uniformity will cause the migration ability and response speed of the charged particles in different regions to be different under the same macroscopic heating condition, which is the microscopic cause of thermal relaxation lag. The traditional single temperature monitoring can only reflect the input of the macroscopic heat, and cannot directly reveal the microscopic state difference which determines the final display performance. The driving current is a direct electrical representation of the migration of the charged particles, and its size and dynamic characteristics are extremely sensitive to the local viscosity of the electrophoretic fluid and the particle migration resistance. Therefore, by establishing the mapping relationship between the temperature intervals and the standard current data as a reference, and monitoring the deviation difference value of each subregion current from it in the actual heating process, the deviation degree of the microscopic fluid dynamics state of each region relative to the ideal state is essentially quantitatively measured. Thus, the transient display residual image is suppressed, and the instant display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system are improved.

[0071] Referring to Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 6, which is a logic block diagram of the process of classifying each region according to an embodiment of the present application, the process of classifying each region includes,

[0072] If the deviation difference value is greater than or equal to a preset deviation difference threshold, the region is classified as a mismatch vulnerable region.

[0073] If the deviation difference value is less than the preset deviation difference threshold, the region is classified as a matching region.

[0074] In implementation, the purpose of the deviation difference threshold is to represent a significant difference between the region current response and the reference current response, for distinguishing between normal response regions and mismatch vulnerable regions. The deviation difference threshold is predetermined, wherein a person skilled in the art can calculate the mean value of the difference ratio of all regions at different temperature intervals in the heating process by statistical analysis of a large amount of actual operation data, to represent the typical response of a uniform panel under normal conditions, and set the deviation difference threshold to a predetermined multiple of the mean value to represent abnormal conditions. In general, the predetermined multiple is selected within [1.15, 1.35], and in implementation, 1.25 is preferred.

[0075] Referring to Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 7, which is a logic block diagram of the process of analyzing each region classified according to an embodiment of the present application, the process of analyzing each region classified includes,

[0076] If the region is classified as a mismatch vulnerable region, the relative positional relationship between each region is analyzed to determine the density, and global intervention or local intervention is determined based on the density.

[0077] If the region is classified as a matching region, the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve is monitored to determine the drift trend of each region, and it is determined whether to intervene based on the drift trend.

[0078] The application determines the density by analyzing the relative position relationship between the regions, determines global intervention or local intervention based on the density, monitors the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve to determine the drift trend of each region, and determines whether to intervene based on the drift trend. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of materials, processes and heat dissipation conditions, the distribution of mismatch fragile regions formed inside the panel has randomness and clustering. If equal intervention is applied to all regions, although the overall display can be ensured, a large number of matching regions will bear unnecessary excessive intervention, causing local overheating, accelerated aging, and waste of electric energy; on the contrary, if only conservative local intervention is performed, when the number and spatial distribution of mismatch fragile regions caused by uneven materials, processes or heat dissipation on the panel exceed a certain critical state, the problem has been upgraded from a collection of discrete defects to a systematic regional functional disorder. At this time, continuing to use local intervention is not only ineffective, but may even cause difficult-to-eliminate, macroscopically visible transient and steady-state display residues. On the other hand, for matching regions that match well, simply ignoring them also poses a risk. Because the thermodynamic state in a low-temperature environment is dynamically evolving, a currently matching region may gradually drift out of the stable interval due to continuous work heat production, environmental temperature fluctuations or material property slow changes. Therefore, the application constructs a current response to temperature curve and extracts its slope as a drift mapping relationship to quantify the dynamic trend of the response characteristics of the region with temperature changes. If the slope is stable within the preset normal range, it indicates that the state evolution is controllable; if the slope deviates from the normal range, it implies that the region may be experiencing a microstate mutation. At this time, the conditional intervention strategy based on trend prediction enables the system to have preliminary evaluation and preventive maintenance capabilities, thereby improving the instant display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0079] Specifically, the process of determining the density and determining global intervention or local intervention based on the density includes,

[0080] determining the average distance between each of the mismatch fragile regions, and determining the density as the average distance;

[0081] if the density is greater than or equal to a preset density threshold, global intervention is performed;

[0082] if the density is less than the preset density threshold, local intervention is performed.

[0083] In implementation, the purpose of the density threshold is to characterize the spatial distribution density of the mismatch vulnerable area, for distinguishing the case of global intervention or local intervention, the density threshold is predetermined, wherein the skilled person in the art can statistically calculate the average value of the distance between all mismatch vulnerable areas under different simulation conditions by simulating and analyzing the sample panel with qualified performance and no display defects under standard environment, to represent the typical discrete distribution of vulnerability problem under normal conditions. In order to represent the case of starting global intervention to deal with systematic regional dysfunction, the density threshold is set to the product of the statistical average value and a density error coefficient, usually the density error coefficient is selected within [0.65, 0.9], and in implementation, 0.75 is preferred.

[0084] Specifically, the process of monitoring the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time domain response curve and the current time domain response curve comprises,

[0085] Taking temperature as the horizontal axis and the ratio of actual current data to current data in the corresponding temperature interval in the mapping relationship as the vertical axis, a current response ratio temperature curve is constructed.

[0086] The change slope of the current response ratio temperature curve is determined, and the drift mapping relationship is determined.

[0087] In implementation, the way of constructing the current response ratio temperature curve is not limited, it can be constructed by using professional data acquisition system and drawing software, as long as the constructed curve can accurately and stably reflect the continuous function relationship of current response ratio changing with temperature, and provide reliable data basis for subsequent calculation of its change slope, which will not be repeated here.

[0088] Specifically, the process of determining the drift trend of each area comprises,

[0089] If the drift mapping relationship is within the preset drift range, it is determined that the drift trend of the area is a normal trend.

[0090] If the drift mapping relationship is not within the preset drift range, it is determined that the drift trend of the area is an abnormal trend.

[0091] In implementation, the purpose of the drift range is to characterize the dynamic stability of the change of the area current response characteristic with temperature, and the preset drift range is predetermined, wherein the skilled person in the art can calculate the average value of the slope of the current response ratio temperature curve by statistically analyzing a large amount of actual operation data, to represent the stability of the area current response under normal conditions. In order to represent the significant change of the area current response, the upper and lower limits of the drift range are determined based on the average value, and in implementation, the upper limit is preferably set to 1.2 times the average value, and the lower limit is preferably set to 0.8 times the average value,

[0092] Specifically, the process of determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend comprises,

[0093] If the drift trend of the region is a normal trend, no intervention is performed;

[0094] If the drift trend of the region is an abnormal trend, intervention is performed.

[0095] Referring to Figure 4 The figure shows a logical decision diagram for determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter corresponding to intervention in the embodiment of the application. Specifically, the process of determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter corresponding to intervention based on the slope difference of a plurality of actual voltage waveforms comprises,

[0096] The process of determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter corresponding to intervention based on the slope difference of a plurality of actual voltage waveforms comprises,

[0097] Determining the average slope of the actual voltage waveform in the predetermined time domain segment in the intervention process;

[0098] Determining the average slope and a preset standard slope as a slope difference;

[0099] If the slope difference is less than a preset slope difference threshold, the value boundary of the current intervention parameter is determined, and the optimal interval is determined based on the value boundary.

[0100] In implementation, the standard slope is obtained by pre-statistics. A large number of repetitive driving tests are performed on the target electronic paper in a standard environment and a non-residue display state, and the average slope of the actual voltage waveform of each region in the process is recorded. The average slope is determined as the standard slope.

[0101] In implementation, the way of capturing the actual voltage waveform is not limited, which belongs to the conventional signal measurement technology in the art. For example, the loop current can be measured through a precise sampling resistor connected in series with the transparent conductive film layer driving electrode, and the actual voltage waveform applied to the pixel can be indirectly calculated based on the known impedance characteristics of the electrode. A test point can also be reserved during panel design, and a high input impedance voltage probe can be used for direct measurement. As long as the selected method can accurately and timely collect the waveform, further description is not necessary.

[0102] In implementation, the predetermined time domain segment is determined in advance. In general, the predetermined time domain segment is selected within the interval [5s, 10s], and 5s is preferred in implementation.

[0103] In implementation, the purpose of the slope difference threshold is to characterize the quantitative standard of response speed synchronization and stability of each voltage waveform in the target region after intervention. The slope difference threshold is predetermined, wherein the skilled person in the art can calculate the statistical average of the captured actual voltage waveform slope difference to represent the typical waveform consistency level when the display performance is excellent in normal state by performing a large number of repetitive driving tests on the target electronic paper in a standard environment and a non-residual display state. In order to characterize the normal electrical fluctuations and measurement noise allowed to exist within an acceptable range, the slope difference threshold is set to the product of the statistical average and a preset tolerance coefficient. Usually, the tolerance coefficient is selected within the interval [1.2, 1.5], and in implementation, it is preferably 1.3.

[0104] In implementation, the slope difference directly quantifies the synchronization and uniformity of the response speed between pixels. The system takes the preset slope difference threshold as the performance target, continuously and dynamically adjusts the intervention parameters during the intervention process, and synchronously monitors the corresponding slope difference changes. By collecting a series of successful intervention records that can make the slope difference lower than the threshold, the system extracts the effective value range of each intervention parameter from it. For example, in multiple intervention cycles, if the corresponding slope difference can meet the requirements when the voltage amplitude is within the range of V_min to V_max, the system will determine this range [V_min, V_max] as the optimal interval of the "voltage amplitude" parameter under the current working condition. Similarly, the optimal interval of heating power and duration is also determined by the same closed-loop feedback and boundary statistical logic. This interval represents the operation window that achieves the best balance between suppressing transient residual images and avoiding excessive intervention.

[0105] It can be understood that after determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameters, the intervention parameters in the optimal interval can be used for intervention in the next intervention.

[0106] The present application determines the optimal interval of the intervention parameter by capturing the actual voltage waveform of each region after the driving voltage is applied in real time during the intervention process, and based on the slope difference of a plurality of the actual voltage waveforms. Since the voltage waveform, especially the rising or falling slope of the driving stage, is a direct electrical manifestation of the migration rate of charged particles under the action of the electric field. The steeper the slope, the faster the particle response, indicating fast switching; the gentler the slope, the slower the particle migration, which can easily lead to switching delay and residual image. Under low temperature, non-uniform and complex working conditions, even if the aforementioned intervention parameters are applied, due to uncontrollable factors such as material tolerance and local thermal field differences, the actual response speed of different regions or even pixels in the same region may still differ. This inconsistency is the direct microscopic cause of macroscopically visible transient display residual image and uneven brightness. Therefore, determining the optimal interval of the intervention parameter based on the slope difference of the actual voltage waveform is essentially to change the control target from the indirect process parameter to the final display performance indicator, i.e., response uniformity. This method quantifies the difference by monitoring the voltage waveform of each region after intervention in real time and calculating the slope variance and other statistical quantities. When the slope difference is less than a preset threshold, it indicates that the pixel response of the full screen or the target region has reached a high degree of synchronization under the current intervention parameter, and the display uniformity is optimal. At this time, the parameter combination is considered to be effective. By collecting the parameter combinations that are effective for intervention, the system can statistically summarize the optimal interval of the intervention parameter that can stabilize the display performance within the optimal range. This interval represents the best balance point between eliminating residual images and system reliability, and is an indispensable technical core for achieving the dual goals of suppressing transient residual images and improving real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency, thereby improving the real-time display reliability and overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0107] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application also provides an adaptive low-temperature electronic paper, comprising:

[0108] The laminated structure comprises an electronic paper substrate, an electronic paper film layer, an optically transparent adhesive layer, and a transparent conductive film layer arranged in sequence.

[0109] The temperature sensing module is arranged in the target electronic paper non-display area and is used for collecting environmental temperature data in real time.

[0110] The control module is connected with the temperature sensing module and the transparent conductive film layer, and is used for receiving the temperature data and controlling the voltage and heating power of the transparent conductive film layer.

[0111] The transparent conductive film layer is a power-on heating layer with low resistance characteristics.

[0112] In implementation, the transparent conductive film layer is composed of a precisely patterned metal grid, for example, silver nanowires or copper-based alloy, preferably, the transparent conductive film layer is a current heating layer with low resistance characteristics, which optimizes the line width and optical aperture rate. Such a structure with high light transmittance and high in-plane thermal uniformity provides an indispensable ideal hardware platform for the aforementioned driving method of the present application, which is based on the current-temperature mapping to perceive the microstate difference and execute precise partitioned thermal intervention, to ensure the optical display quality while achieving efficient and uniform heating.

[0113] So far, the technical solutions of the present application have been described in combination with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but those skilled in the art can easily understand that the protection scope of the present application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or replacements to the related technical features without deviating from the principles of the present application, and the technical solutions after these changes or replacements will all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method, characterized in that, include, Step S1: Pre-measure the current data during the heating start-up process of the target electronic paper and establish a mapping relationship between the temperature range of the target electronic paper and the current data; Step S2: In response to the target electronic paper heating start, during the heating observation period, the actual current data of each region corresponding to different temperature ranges is determined based on the mapping relationship, so as to determine the deviation difference value of each region and calibrate each region; Step S3 involves analyzing each calibrated region, including... Analyze the relative positional relationships between different regions to determine the density, and then determine whether to conduct global or local intervention based on the density. The drift mapping relationship between the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve is monitored to determine the drift trend of each region, and the intervention is determined based on the drift trend. Step S4: Capture the actual voltage waveform of each region after the driving voltage is applied during the intervention process in real time, and determine the optimal range of the intervention parameters corresponding to the intervention based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms. The intervention includes adjusting the voltage and adjusting the heating power, and the intervention parameters include the voltage amplitude, heating power, and heating duration.

2. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the deviation difference value of each region includes: For each region, the average difference ratio between the actual current data and the current data within the mapping relationship in different temperature ranges is calculated and determined as the deviation difference value of the region.

3. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of calibrating each region includes: If the deviation difference value is greater than or equal to a preset deviation difference threshold, it is marked as a mismatch vulnerable area; If the deviation difference value is less than the preset deviation difference threshold, it is marked as a matching region.

4. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of analyzing each calibrated region includes, If a region is identified as a mismatch-vulnerable region, the relative positional relationship between each region is analyzed to determine the density, and global or local intervention is performed based on the density determination. If the region is calibrated as a matching region, the drift mapping relationship of the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve is monitored to determine the drift trend of each region, and whether to intervene is determined based on the drift trend.

5. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of determining the density and performing global or local intervention based on the density determination includes: Determine the average distance between each of the aforementioned mismatched vulnerable regions, and define it as the density; If the density is greater than or equal to a preset density threshold, then global intervention is performed; If the density is less than a preset density threshold, local intervention will be performed.

6. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of monitoring the drift mapping relationship between the temperature time-domain response curve and the current time-domain response curve includes, A current response-temperature curve is constructed with temperature as the horizontal axis and the ratio of actual current data to current data in the corresponding temperature range within the mapping relationship as the vertical axis. The slope of the change in the current response ratio to the temperature curve is determined and identified as a drift mapping relationship.

7. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of determining the drift trend of each region includes: If the drift mapping relationship is within a preset drift range, then the drift trend of the region is determined to be a normal trend; If the drift mapping relationship is not within the preset drift range, then the drift trend of the region is determined to be an abnormal trend.

8. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of determining whether to intervene based on the drift trend includes... If the drift trend in the region is normal, no intervention will be taken; If the drift trend in the region is abnormal, intervention will be carried out.

9. The adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the optimal range of intervention parameters based on the slope differences of several actual voltage waveforms includes: Determine the average slope of the actual voltage waveform within a predetermined time period during the intervention process; The slope difference is defined as the difference between the mean slope and the preset standard slope. If the slope difference is less than a preset slope difference threshold, then the current value boundary of the intervention parameter is determined, and the optimal interval is determined based on the value boundary.

10. An electronic paper using the adaptive low-temperature electronic paper driving method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The stacked structure includes an electronic paper substrate, an electronic paper film layer, an optically transparent adhesive layer, and a transparent conductive film layer that are stacked sequentially. The temperature sensing module is deployed in the non-display area of ​​the target electronic paper to collect ambient temperature data in real time; A control module, connected to the temperature sensing module and the transparent conductive film layer, is used to receive the temperature data and control the voltage and heating power of the transparent conductive film layer. The transparent conductive film layer is an electrically conductive heating layer with low resistance characteristics.

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