Electrochemical energy storage structure and early warning regulation and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and discloses an electrochemical energy storage structure and an early warning regulation and control method thereof.The electrochemical energy storage structure comprises a cooling unit and a fire extinguishing unit which are located in a shell; the plurality of infrared thermal imaging probes are mounted in the shell, are positioned on the peripheral side of the battery unit, and are used for dividing the battery unit into a plurality of cells and detecting the temperature value and the temperature change rate of each cell in real time; and the smoke sensor is mounted in the shell, is positioned on the peripheral side of the battery unit and is used for detecting combustible gas and smoke of the battery unit. The thermal infrared thermal imaging probes are mounted around the battery unit, and the battery unit is divided into a plurality of cells, so that the temperature and the change rate of each cell are monitored, the temperature change condition of the battery unit can be comprehensively known, data support is provided for subsequent cooling and fire extinguishing measures, and the reliability of the battery unit is improved. And the starting accuracy of the fire extinguishing work of the battery cell is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and particularly relates to an electrochemical energy storage structure and a pre-warning regulation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the temperature detection device of a lithium ion battery energy storage system represented by lithium iron phosphate is mainly installed at the bottom of the battery cell or two pole columns, the temperature of the two local places is measured, the measurement result is uploaded to the BMS, and then the battery cell temperature is monitored, and the temperature is used as the basis for starting and stopping the battery fire extinguishing system. However, the temperature detected in this way is only the temperature of the bottom of the battery cell and the two pole columns, and the temperature of the battery cell shell cannot be monitored in all directions and in real time, so that the phenomenon of "inaccurate measurement and incomplete measurement" of the temperature around the battery cell shell is easily caused. The battery management system (BMS for short) cannot timely and effectively monitor the temperature change of the battery cell, thereby reducing the starting accuracy of the battery fire extinguishing system for extinguishing the battery cell, and even the phenomenon that the other parts of the battery cell are overheated or even on fire but the battery fire extinguishing system is not started, which is easy to cause the battery cell to catch fire and explode. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve at least one problem in the background art, the present application provides an electrochemical energy storage structure and a pre-warning regulation method thereof.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] An electrochemical energy storage structure comprises:

[0006] a shell, in which a battery cell is installed;

[0007] a cooling unit located in the shell, used for temperature adjustment according to the temperature of the battery cell;

[0008] a fire extinguishing unit located in the shell, used for extinguishing the battery cell;

[0009] a plurality of infrared thermal imaging probes installed in the shell and located at the side of the battery cell, used for dividing the battery cell into a plurality of unit cells and detecting the temperature value and temperature change rate of each unit cell in real time;

[0010] a smoke sensor installed in the shell and located at the side of the battery cell, used for detecting the flammable gas and smoke of the battery cell;

[0011] a battery management unit electrically connected with the infrared thermal imaging probe, the smoke sensor, the cooling unit and the fire extinguishing unit.

[0012] Preferably, the surface of the shell is provided with a positive pole terminal and a negative pole terminal.

[0013] Preferably, the battery unit comprises a plurality of single cells connected in series, and a short circuit circuit is connected to the single cells, and a bypass electronic switch is installed on the short circuit circuit, and the bypass electronic switch is used to open or cut off the short circuit circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the fire extinguishing medium is water or perfluorohexanone.

[0015] Preferably, the cooling unit comprises:

[0016] A liquid cooling pipeline is located inside the shell, is installed around the battery power supply, and is used for heat exchange with the battery unit through a liquid cooling medium;

[0017] A bypass electronic switch is installed inside the shell and is used to open or cut off the short circuit circuit of the battery unit.

[0018] Preferably, the fire extinguishing unit comprises:

[0019] A fire extinguishing medium pipeline is located inside the shell, is installed around the battery unit, and is used to deliver the fire extinguishing medium to the battery unit.

[0020] A pre-warning control method is used for the above-mentioned electrochemical energy storage structure, and comprises the following steps:

[0021] The flammable gas and smoke of the single cell are detected by a smoke sensor, and the temperature value and temperature change rate of each temperature field unit cell are obtained by an infrared thermal imaging probe;

[0022] If the temperature value is greater than or equal to 80°C and the temperature change rate is greater than zero, or there is a fire sign, a first-level pre-warning response is started, and the fire sign is that the flammable gas or smoke is detected.

[0023] If the temperature value is greater than or equal to 60°C and there is no fire sign, a second-level pre-warning response is started.

[0024] If the temperature value is greater than or equal to 40°C and there is no fire sign, a third-level pre-warning response is started.

[0025] Preferably, starting the first-level pre-warning response comprises the following steps:

[0026] The connection switch of the battery unit is cut off by the battery management unit;

[0027] At the same time, the fire extinguishing medium channel in the fire extinguishing unit is opened by the battery management unit to deliver the fire extinguishing medium to extinguish the fire of the battery unit.

[0028] Preferably, starting the second-level pre-warning response comprises the following steps:

[0029] The bypass electronic switch of the single cell is opened by the battery management unit to short-circuit the corresponding single cell;

[0030] At the same time, the liquid cooling pipe is opened by the battery management unit to dissipate heat for the corresponding single battery cell.

[0031] Preferably, a three-level early warning response is started, including the following steps:

[0032] The infrared thermal imaging probe and the smoke sensor are controlled by the battery management unit to enter the early warning state, and the temperature value and temperature change rate of the single battery cell and whether combustible gas and smoke appear are monitored in real time.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0034] 1、The present application divides the battery unit into multiple cells by installing a thermal infrared thermal imaging probe around the battery unit, thereby monitoring the temperature and its change rate of each cell, comprehensively understands the temperature change of the battery unit, provides data support for subsequent cooling and fire extinguishing measures, and improves the starting accuracy of the battery cell fire extinguishing work.

[0035] 2、The cooling unit and the fire extinguishing unit of the present application adopt hierarchical regulation, different cooling schemes or fire extinguishing schemes are adopted according to the temperature of the battery unit, and corresponding effective measures can be taken at the initial stage of high temperature or fire of the battery unit, avoiding battery cell fire and explosion accidents;

[0036] 3、The present application can comprehensively and real-timely monitor the temperature change around the battery cell, upload the temperature change around the battery cell to the BMS, and then control the start and stop or directional start of the water spray fire extinguishing system, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system, the smoke sensor, the combustible gas monitor and other devices, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent and safe early warning of the battery cell.

[0037] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description of the application, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the present application can be realized and obtained by the structure indicated in the specification and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0039] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of an electrochemical energy storage structure of the present application is shown;

[0040] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a battery cluster of an electrochemical energy storage structure of the present application is shown;

[0041] Figure 3 The temperature distribution diagram of the cell in this invention is shown;

[0042] Figure 4 A flowchart of the early warning and control method of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 5 A conditional block diagram of the early warning and control method of the present invention is shown.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Individual battery cell; 3. Fire extinguishing medium pipeline; 4. Liquid cooling pipeline; 5. Infrared thermal imaging probe; 6. Smoke sensor; 7. Bypass electronic switch; 8. Positive terminal; 9. Negative terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] An electrochemical energy storage structure includes a housing 1, a cooling unit, a fire extinguishing unit, a battery unit (cell), an infrared thermal imaging probe 5, a smoke sensor 6, and a battery management unit (BMS). The cooling unit, fire extinguishing unit, infrared thermal imaging probe 5, and smoke sensor 6 are all installed inside the housing 1.

[0047] It should be noted that the housing 1 is made of electrically insulating plastic (such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.). The energy storage structure has positive and negative terminals on the outside for connection with other energy storage structures. The infrared thermal imaging probe 5 and the smoke sensor 6 are arranged alternately within the housing 1.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the battery unit is composed of several single cells 2 connected in series, and each single cell 2 is connected with a short circuit. When the single cell 2 needs to be shut down, the short circuit can be turned on to make the current of the single cell 2 not enter the power supply circuit. The cooling unit can adjust the temperature according to the temperature of the battery unit, including a liquid cooling pipe 4 and a bypass electronic switch 7. The liquid cooling pipe 4 surrounds the battery unit and exchanges heat with the battery unit through a liquid cooling medium to cool the battery unit. In addition, the bypass electronic switch 7 is installed in the short circuit of the single cell 2 and can open or cut off the short circuit. The fire extinguishing unit is provided with a fire extinguishing medium pipe 3 which surrounds the battery unit and is located inside the liquid cooling pipe 4. In addition, the medium in the fire extinguishing medium pipe 3 is generally water or perfluorohexone. The smoke sensor 6 is installed inside the shell 1 and located on the side of the battery unit, which can detect the flammable gas and smoke of the battery unit, and can timely send an alarm signal when the battery unit in the shell 1 produces flammable gas or smoke.

[0049] Further, as shown in Figure 2 several infrared thermal imaging probes 5 are installed inside the shell 1 and located on the side of the battery unit, which can divide the battery unit into several unit cells D and detect the temperature value and temperature change rate of each unit cell D in real time.

[0050] It should be noted that the division of unit cells D facilitates the all-around temperature monitoring of the battery unit, and each probe can cover different parts of the battery unit, improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of temperature monitoring. Thus, the occurrence of safety hazards such as battery thermal runaway is prevented. In addition, real-time is crucial for battery temperature monitoring, because only by obtaining temperature data in time can the working state of the battery be accurately evaluated. At the same time, the monitoring of the temperature change rate can also reflect the dynamic process of heat generation and dissipation inside the battery, providing strong support for the decision of the battery management system.

[0051] Further, the battery management unit is electrically connected with the infrared thermal imaging probe 5, the smoke sensor 6, the cooling unit and the fire extinguishing unit. It can receive the alarm signals of the infrared thermal imaging probe 5 and the smoke sensor 6, and then send control instructions to the cooling unit and the fire extinguishing unit according to the temperature value, flammable gas and smoke data.

[0052] It is worth noting that the battery management unit can receive data from the infrared thermal imaging probe 5 and the smoke sensor 6 in real time, which means that once there is an abnormal situation such as temperature abnormally high or smoke concentration exceeding the standard, the system can immediately perceive and respond. This real-time monitoring function greatly improves safety and accident prevention ability. In addition, the whole system realizes the automatic and intelligent management, which can realize monitoring, early warning and control without manual intervention. This not only reduces the labor burden, but also improves the response speed and accuracy, especially in emergency situations, it can quickly and effectively respond. In addition, through the cooperative work of multiple sensors such as infrared thermal imaging probe 5, smoke sensor 6, the system can obtain more comprehensive and accurate data, thereby improving the accuracy of judgment. This multi-sensor fusion method is also an important trend of modern safety monitoring systems.

[0053] Further, the surface of the shell 1 is mounted with a positive terminal 8 and a negative terminal 9, and the battery unit supplies power to the external load through the positive terminal 8 and the negative terminal 9.

[0054] It is worth noting that, Figure 1 The electrochemical energy storage structure can also be combined into Figure 3 The battery cluster structure in the battery cluster. The battery cluster can be composed of multiple electrochemical energy storage structures in series, parallel or series-parallel combination. This combination makes the battery cluster have the characteristics of high energy density and stable power supply.

[0055] When multiple electrochemical energy storage structures are combined into a battery cluster, its advantages are more obvious:

[0056] First of all, such combination can greatly improve the overall energy storage capacity and power supply stability. Each electrochemical energy storage structure itself has a high storage capacity, when they are combined in the form of a battery cluster, they can form a larger scale energy storage system, thereby meeting the demand for larger scale power supply. At the same time, the battery management system in the battery cluster can realize accurate monitoring and management of each electrochemical energy storage structure, ensuring stable operation of the whole system.

[0057] Secondly, this combination also improves the flexibility and scalability of the system. Since each electrochemical energy storage structure is an independent individual, the size and configuration of the battery cluster can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. When the power demand increases, more electrochemical energy storage structures can be added to expand the capacity of the battery cluster; conversely, when the power demand decreases, some energy storage containers can be reduced to reduce costs.

[0058] Finally, this combination also helps to improve the safety and reliability of the system. The monitoring and protection circuit in the battery cluster can monitor the working state of each electrochemical energy storage structure in real time, and take appropriate protective measures immediately once an abnormal situation is found to prevent the fault from expanding or causing a safety accident. At the same time, the structural characteristics of the electrochemical energy storage structure itself also make it have good protection performance and can resist adverse factors in the external environment.

[0059] The above-mentioned electrochemical energy storage structure also corresponds to a pre-warning control method, as shown in Figure 4 The method comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1: Detect the flammable gas and smoke of the single battery cell 2 through the smoke sensor 6, and obtain the temperature value and temperature change rate of each temperature field unit cell D through the infrared thermal imaging probe 5.

[0061] S101: If the temperature value is greater than or equal to 80℃ and the temperature change rate is greater than 0, or there is a sign of fire (the sign of fire is that flammable gas or smoke is detected), a first-level pre-warning response is started. Specifically, when the first-level pre-warning response is performed, the connection switch of the battery unit needs to be disconnected through the battery management unit; at the same time, the fire extinguishing medium pipeline 3 in the fire extinguishing unit is opened through the battery management unit to transport the fire extinguishing medium to extinguish the fire of the battery unit.

[0062] S102: If the temperature value is greater than or equal to 60℃ and there is no sign of fire, a second-level pre-warning response is started. Specifically, when the second-level pre-warning response is performed, the bypass electronic switch 7 of the single battery cell 2 needs to be opened through the battery management unit to short-circuit the corresponding single battery cell 2; at the same time, the liquid cooling pipeline 4 is opened through the battery management unit to cool the corresponding single battery cell 2.

[0063] S103: If the temperature value is greater than or equal to 40℃ and there is no sign of fire, a third-level pre-warning response is started. Specifically, the infrared thermal imaging probe 5 and the smoke sensor 6 are controlled by the battery management unit to enter the pre-warning state to monitor the temperature value and temperature change rate of the single battery cell 2, and whether flammable gas and smoke appear.

[0064] It should be noted that, as Figure 5As shown, the signals collected in S1 are of three types, including the real-time temperature value of the cell D (labeled as signal A), the temperature change rate of the cell D (labeled as signal B), and the smoke and combustible gas monitoring signal (labeled as signal C). The above three types of signals are received by the battery management unit (BMS). Then when the temperature value is greater than 80℃, signal C needs to be considered, and the fire extinguishing unit needs to be started if signal C is received. When the temperature value is not more than 80℃, smoke or combustible gas generally does not occur, so signal C does not need to be considered in the secondary and tertiary early warning responses. In addition, the temperature change rate of cell A is also an important signal for starting the first early warning response. Generally, the temperature change rate needs to be greater than zero to start the first early warning.

[0065] It should be noted that the two situations for starting the first early warning response in S101 will trigger as long as one of them is met, and the two situations are: (1) the temperature value is greater than or equal to 80℃ and the temperature change rate is greater than 0; (2) there is a sign of fire. The main purpose in S103 is to trigger the smoke and combustible gas detector to monitor the cell part of the temperature field area in advance, so as to achieve the purpose of early prevention, and the water spray and perfluorohexone fire extinguishing medium start the fire extinguishing mechanism according to the response result of the smoke and combustible gas.

[0066] Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrochemical energy storage structure, characterized by, The application relates to a battery safety protection device, which comprises the following parts: a shell (1) for mounting battery units inside; a temperature reduction unit located inside the shell (1) for temperature adjustment according to the temperature of the battery units; a fire extinguishing unit located inside the shell (1) for extinguishing the battery units; a plurality of infrared thermal imaging probes (5) mounted inside the shell (1) and located at the periphery of the battery units for dividing the battery units into a plurality of cells and detecting the temperature value and temperature change rate of each cell in real time; a smoke sensor (6) mounted inside the shell (1) and located at the periphery of the battery units for detecting the combustible gas and smoke of the battery units; a battery management unit electrically connected with the infrared thermal imaging probes (5), the smoke sensor (6), the temperature reduction unit and the fire extinguishing unit.

2. An electrochemical energy storage structure according to claim 1, wherein, The shell (1) is provided with a positive electrode connecting post (8) and a negative electrode connecting post (9) on one surface.

3. An electrochemical energy storage structure according to claim 1, wherein, The battery units comprise a plurality of single battery cells (2) connected in series, the single battery cells (2) are connected with a short circuit, and a bypass electronic switch (7) is mounted on the short circuit, and the bypass electronic switch (7) is used for opening or cutting off the short circuit.

4. An electrochemical energy storage structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The fire extinguishing medium is water or perfluorohexanone.

5. An electrochemical energy storage structure according to claim 4, wherein, The temperature reduction unit comprises: a liquid cooling pipeline (4) located inside the shell (1) and surrounding the battery power supply for heat exchange between the liquid cooling medium and the battery units; a bypass electronic switch (7) mounted inside the shell (1) for opening or cutting off the short circuit of the battery units.

6. An electrochemical energy storage structure according to claim 5, wherein, The fire extinguishing unit comprises: a fire extinguishing medium pipeline (3) located inside the shell (1) and surrounding the battery units for delivering the fire extinguishing medium to the battery units.

7. A pre-alarm regulation method for the electrochemical energy storage structure of claim 6, characterized in that, The application further discloses a battery safety protection method, which comprises the following steps: detecting the combustible gas and smoke of the single battery cells (2) through the smoke sensor (6) and obtaining the temperature value and temperature change rate of each temperature field cell through the infrared thermal imaging probes (5); if the temperature value is greater than or equal to 80 DEG C and the temperature change rate is greater than zero or there is a fire sign, a first-level early warning response is started, and the fire sign refers to the detection of the combustible gas or smoke; if the temperature value is greater than or equal to 60 DEG C and there is no fire sign, a second-level early warning response is started; if the temperature value is greater than or equal to 40 DEG C and there is no fire sign, a third-level early warning response is started.

8. The pre-warning regulation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first-level early warning response comprises the following steps: cutting off the connecting switch of the battery units through the battery management unit; at the same time, the fire extinguishing medium pipeline (3) in the fire extinguishing unit is started to deliver the fire extinguishing medium to the battery units for extinguishing the battery units.

9. The pre-warning regulation method of claim 7, wherein, The second-level early warning response comprises the following steps: the bypass electronic switch (7) of the single battery cells (2) is started through the battery management unit to make the corresponding single battery cells (2) short-circuit; at the same time, the liquid cooling pipeline (4) is started through the battery management unit to radiate and cool the corresponding single battery cells (2).

10. The pre-warning regulation method of claim 7, wherein, The third-level early warning response comprises the following steps: the infrared thermal imaging probes (5) and the smoke sensor (6) are controlled to enter the early warning state through the battery management unit, and the temperature value and temperature change rate of the single battery cells (2) and whether the combustible gas and smoke appear are monitored in real time.

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