Fire-fighting and thermal management integrated system for electrochemical energy storage station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage station heat management, and discloses an electrochemical energy storage station fire fighting and heat management integrated system which comprises a heat management system, an energy storage battery, a fire fighting monitoring system and a multi-control system. According to the heat management system, a direct cooling and direct heating loop is constructed through a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a battery cold plate, a multi-valve group and an expansion valve, and multi-mode temperature regulation and control are achieved; the fire-fighting monitoring system is connected with a fire extinguishing agent tank and a battery cell through a partition electromagnetic valve, and precise fire extinguishing is achieved in combination with combustible gas and smoke temperature monitoring. The multi-control-system hierarchical collaborative closed-loop linkage is achieved, efficient heat management and accurate fire-fighting disposal are both considered under a unified framework, the energy efficiency and safety protection capacity of the energy storage station are improved, the complexity and cost of the system are reduced, and all-weather operation requirements are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage station thermal management, more specifically, it relates to an electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core facility of energy storage and dispatch, the thermal management and fire safety of the electrochemical energy storage station directly determine the stability and safety of the system operation, but the existing technical solutions have the following significant bottlenecks: In terms of thermal management, the energy storage station needs to cope with all-weather and diversified temperature regulation requirements, and the existing technology mostly uses liquid cooling systems for heat dissipation and heat preservation. The energy storage battery cluster and inverter liquid cooling system disclosed in Chinese patent (CN118943566B) realizes heat transfer through multiple heat exchange paths, but the temperature difference gradually decays in multiple heat exchange processes, resulting in insufficient heat dissipation driving force and low overall heat exchange efficiency; at the same time, under heating and heat preservation working conditions, due to the limitations of indirect heat exchange capacity, the heat provided to the energy storage battery and inverter is difficult to meet the operation requirements in low temperature environments, affecting the normal start and stable operation of the energy storage station in winter or low temperature areas.

[0003] In terms of fire safety, the commonly used lithium ion battery of the electrochemical energy storage station has the characteristics of high energy density, strong chemical activity and low ignition point, and is prone to internal thermal runaway under abnormal working conditions such as overcharging, overdischarging, short circuit and external mechanical damage, which may lead to fire, burning or even explosion accidents. The new energy energy storage station safety protection system disclosed in Chinese patent (CN116054421A) only integrates monitoring, alarm and spraying functions, and does not establish a hierarchical coordination and closed-loop control mechanism of the battery control system-thermal management control system-fire control system. This scheme lacks accurate identification means for electrochemical thermal runaway, cannot realize partitioned and directional disposal, and there is no effective linkage between systems, making it difficult to quickly contain the spread of thermal runaway and leading to high safety risks for the energy storage station.

[0004] In summary, the thermal management and fire protection systems in the existing technology are independent of each other and lack coordination, further increasing the operation cost and system complexity of the energy storage station, and cannot meet the dual requirements of efficient operation and safety protection of the electrochemical energy storage station.

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides an electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system, which improves the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0006] This disclosure aims to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an integrated fire protection and thermal management system for electrochemical energy storage stations. The invention adopts an integrated architecture design, combining a direct cooling and heating high-efficiency heat transfer path with a hierarchical collaborative closed-loop control system of battery control system, thermal management control system, and fire monitoring system. Through configurable operating modes and differentiated detection thresholds, it collaboratively achieves all-weather diversified thermal management and precise fire response functions.

[0007] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: an integrated fire protection and thermal management system for an electrochemical energy storage station, comprising a thermal management system, an energy storage battery, a fire monitoring system, a battery management unit, a battery control system, and a thermal management control system; The thermal management system includes a compression mechanism, a heat exchange mechanism, a throttling mechanism, a valve group mechanism, and a gas-liquid separation mechanism. The output end of the compression mechanism is connected to the heat exchange mechanism. The heat exchange mechanism is connected to the cooling components of the energy storage battery and the heat dissipation components of the energy storage inverter via the throttling mechanism and the valve group mechanism, respectively. The valve group mechanism is connected to the gas-liquid separation mechanism, and the gas-liquid separation mechanism returns the gas to the compression mechanism. The fire monitoring system includes a fire extinguishing agent storage component, a zone valve group, and a monitoring and control component. The fire extinguishing agent storage component is connected to the corresponding cells of the energy storage battery via the zone valve group. The battery management unit is electrically connected to the cells of the energy storage battery and the zone valve group. The battery management unit is sequentially connected to the battery control system, the monitoring and control component of the fire monitoring system, and the linkage output module. The battery control system interacts with the thermal management control system. The thermal management control system is electrically connected to the execution component of the thermal management system.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compression mechanism is a compressor; the heat exchange mechanism includes an indoor condenser, an outdoor condenser, an evaporator, and a battery cold plate; the throttling mechanism includes a first expansion valve, a second expansion valve, and a third expansion valve; the valve group mechanism includes a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a fifth three-way valve, a sixth three-way valve, a seventh three-way valve, an eighth three-way valve, a ninth three-way valve, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a third solenoid valve, a fourth solenoid valve, and a fifth solenoid valve; the zoned valve group includes a sixth solenoid valve and a seventh solenoid valve; the gas-liquid separation mechanism is a gas-liquid separator; a first fan is provided beside the indoor condenser; a second fan is provided beside the outdoor condenser; and the evaporator is connected in series with a one-way valve.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressor outlet is connected to the first port of the first three-way valve, the second port of the first three-way valve is connected to one end of the fourth solenoid valve, and the other end of the fourth solenoid valve is connected to the third port of the eighth three-way valve; the third port of the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the indoor condenser, the outlet of the indoor condenser is connected to the first port of the second three-way valve, the second port of the second three-way valve is connected to one end of the second solenoid valve, the other end of the second solenoid valve is connected to the second port of the third three-way valve, the third port of the second three-way valve is connected to one end of the first expansion valve, the other end of the first expansion valve is connected to one end of the first solenoid valve, and the other end of the first solenoid valve is connected to the first port of the third three-way valve.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third port of the third three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the outdoor condenser, the outlet of the outdoor condenser is connected to the first port of the fourth three-way valve, the second port of the fourth three-way valve is connected to one end of the second expansion valve through the first port of the fifth three-way valve, the other end of the second expansion valve is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, the outlet of the evaporator is connected to one end of the check valve, and the other end of the check valve is connected to the first port of the sixth three-way valve.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third port of the fourth three-way valve is connected to one end of the third expansion valve, the other end of the third expansion valve is connected to the battery cold plate inlet, the battery cold plate outlet is connected to the first port of the eighth three-way valve, the second port of the eighth three-way valve is connected to one end of the fifth solenoid valve, and the other end of the fifth solenoid valve is connected to the first port of the seventh three-way valve.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second port of the fifth three-way valve is connected to one end of the third solenoid valve, the other end of the third solenoid valve is connected to the second port of the sixth three-way valve, the third port of the sixth three-way valve is connected to the second port of the seventh three-way valve, the third port of the seventh three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the compressor.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage battery includes a first cell and an nth cell; the fire extinguishing agent storage component of the fire monitoring system is a fire extinguishing agent tank; and the monitoring and control component of the fire monitoring system is a fire monitoring controller. The outlet of the fire extinguishing agent tank is connected to the third port of the ninth three-way valve; the first port of the ninth three-way valve is connected to one end of the sixth solenoid valve; the other end of the sixth solenoid valve is correspondingly connected to the first cell; the second port of the ninth three-way valve is connected to one end of the seventh solenoid valve; and the other end of the seventh solenoid valve is correspondingly connected to the nth cell.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery management unit is electrically connected to the first battery cell, the nth battery cell, the sixth solenoid valve, and the seventh solenoid valve; the battery management unit is signal-connected to the battery control system; the battery control system is signal-connected to the fire monitoring controller; and the fire monitoring controller is signal-connected to the linkage output module.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage inverter is arranged between the indoor condenser and the evaporator, and the thermal management control system is electrically connected to the compressor, the first fan, the second fan, each solenoid valve, each expansion valve, and each three-way valve, and is used to control the start-up, shutdown, and on / off states of each component.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant of the thermal management system is any one of R22, R134a, R407C, R410A, R513A, R454B, and R454C; the extinguishing agent of the fire monitoring system is any one of FM-200, CO2, and IG-541.

[0017] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Firstly, thermal management efficiency is significantly improved. It adopts a direct cooling and heating high-efficiency heat transfer path, and directly couples the thermal management loop with the battery cold plate, reducing intermediate heat exchange interfaces and secondary loops, reducing the overall heat exchange temperature difference and flow resistance. It achieves lower energy consumption and higher energy efficiency under both dynamic and steady-state conditions. At the same time, it solves the problems of insufficient heat dissipation driving force and insufficient heating heat supply in traditional systems, ensuring the stable operation of the energy storage station under extreme temperatures.

[0018] Secondly, fire safety protection capabilities have been comprehensively strengthened. A multi-source, hierarchical early warning mechanism has been established, consisting of "combustible gas monitoring, electrical parameter verification, and smoke and temperature alarm confirmation." Combined with zone markings, this enables accurate identification and location of thermal runaway, avoiding false alarms and missed alarms. A closed-loop collaborative mechanism has been established between the battery control system, thermal management control system, and fire monitoring system. When an early warning is issued, thermal management cooling and isolation and directional fire suppression in fire zones are triggered simultaneously, effectively curbing the spread of fire and reducing secondary damage to non-faulty areas.

[0019] Third, the overall value of the system is greatly optimized. Under a unified architecture, it realizes integrated and collaborative operation of fire protection and thermal management, simplifies system structure design, reduces equipment deployment and maintenance costs and system implementation complexity; it supports multiple types of refrigerants and extinguishing agents, and the valve circuits and control logic can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to energy storage station scenarios of different scales and regions, improving engineering adaptability and operational reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention when only PCS cooling is performed; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention when only the PCS is used for heating. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention when only the energy storage battery is cooled. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention when only the energy storage battery is being heated. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention, when the PCS and the energy storage battery are cooled simultaneously. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention, when the PCS and the energy storage battery are heated simultaneously. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated fire protection and thermal management system for the electrochemical energy storage station described in this invention when it completes the fire suppression mode of the energy storage battery. Figure 9 This invention relates to a precise early warning technology and method for thermal runaway in electrochemical energy storage stations. Wherein: 101-Compressor, 102-Indoor condenser, 103-First fan, 104-First expansion valve, 105-First solenoid valve, 106-Second solenoid valve, 107-Outdoor condenser, 108-Second fan, 109-Second expansion valve, 110-Evaporator, 111-Check valve, 112-Third solenoid valve, 113-Energy storage inverter, 114-Gas-liquid separator, 200-Energy storage battery, 201-Third expansion valve, 202-Battery cold plate, 203-Fourth solenoid valve, 204-Fifth solenoid valve, 30 0-Fire monitoring system, 301-Sixth solenoid valve, 302-Seventh solenoid valve, 303-First battery cell, 304-Nth battery cell, 305-Battery management unit, 306-Fire extinguishing agent tank, 307-Linkage output module, 308-Fire monitoring controller, 309-Battery control system, 310-Thermal management control system, A-First three-way valve, B-Second three-way valve, C-Third three-way valve, D-Fourth three-way valve, E-Fifth three-way valve, F-Sixth three-way valve, G-Seventh three-way valve, H-Eighth three-way valve, I-Ninth three-way valve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the various features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, all of which are within the protection scope of this application. Furthermore, although functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" used herein do not limit the data or execution order, but only distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0025] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0026] This invention aims to address the problems of low heat exchange efficiency and insufficient heating / cooling capacity in the thermal management system of electrochemical energy storage stations, as well as the lack of coordination between the fire protection and thermal management systems and the low accuracy of thermal runaway identification and handling. In view of this, this invention proposes an integrated fire protection and thermal management system for electrochemical energy storage stations and a precise early warning method for thermal runaway. This system and method, through an integrated architecture design, combines efficient direct cooling and heating heat transfer paths with multi-system hierarchical collaborative closed-loop control. It utilizes configurable operating modes and differentiated detection thresholds to adapt to the all-weather thermal management needs of energy storage stations and precise thermal runaway handling scenarios, thereby improving system energy efficiency, enhancing fire safety capabilities, and reducing system implementation complexity and cost.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1A framework diagram of an integrated fire protection and thermal management system for an electrochemical energy storage station, as described in an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown; the overall component connections are as follows: Thermal management system piping: The compressor 101 outlet is connected to the first three-way valve A, which is subsequently connected in series with the indoor condenser 102 and the second three-way valve B. After branching, it is connected to the first expansion valve 104 and the second solenoid valve 106 respectively. The first expansion valve 104 is connected to the first solenoid valve 105, which is then connected to the third three-way valve C; the second solenoid valve 106 is directly connected to the second port of the third three-way valve C. The outlet of the third three-way valve C is connected to the outdoor condenser 107 and the fourth three-way valve D. The fourth three-way valve D branches into two paths: one path goes through the first port of the fifth three-way valve E, the second expansion valve 109, the evaporator 110, the check valve 111, the sixth three-way valve F, and the seventh three-way valve G to the gas-liquid separator 114; the other path goes through the third expansion valve 201, the battery cold plate 202, the eighth three-way valve H, and the fifth solenoid valve 204 to the seventh three-way valve G. In addition, the second port of the first three-way valve A is connected to the eighth three-way valve H via the fourth solenoid valve 203, and the second port of the fifth three-way valve E is connected to the sixth three-way valve F via the third solenoid valve 112. A first fan 103 is installed next to the indoor condenser 102, and a second fan 108 is installed next to the outdoor condenser 107. An energy storage inverter (PCS) 113 is arranged between the indoor condenser 102 and the evaporator 110.

[0028] Fire suppression system piping: Fire extinguishing agent tank 306 is connected to the third port of the ninth three-way valve I. The sixth solenoid valve 301, the first battery cell 303 and the seventh solenoid valve 302 and the nth battery cell 304 are respectively connected to the two sides of the ninth three-way valve I, forming a zoned fire extinguishing branch.

[0029] Electrical control circuit: The battery management unit (BMU) 305 is connected to control the sixth solenoid valve 301, the seventh solenoid valve 302, and all battery cells. The battery management unit (BMU) 305 is sequentially connected to the battery control system (BMS) 309, the fire monitoring controller (FMU) 308, the linkage output module 307, and the fire extinguishing agent tank 306. The BMS 309 interacts with the thermal management control system (TMS) 310 to achieve coordination between the thermal management and fire protection systems.

[0030] The media selection criteria are as follows: Thermal management refrigerant: Any one of R22, R134a, R407C, R410A, R513A, R454B, and R454C can be selected to meet the heat transfer and environmental protection requirements under different operating conditions.

[0031] Fire extinguishing agent: Any one of FM-200, CO2, or IG-541 is used to ensure efficient suppression of battery fires without secondary pollution.

[0032] Please refer to Examples 1 to 5 for the implementation process of the thermal management system operation mode: Example 1, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The schematic diagram shown is for the energy storage inverter (PCS) 113 only being cooled according to the embodiment of this disclosure. The PCS cooling mode process is as follows: Valve status control: First three-way valve A, second port closed, first port open; Second three-way valve B, first port closed, second port open; Third three-way valve C, third port closed, second port open; Fourth three-way valve D, first port closed, third port open; Fifth three-way valve E, second port closed, first port open; Sixth three-way valve F, first port closed, second port open; Seventh three-way valve G, third port closed, second port open.

[0033] Refrigerant circulation process: The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant generated by the compressor 101 flows through the indoor condenser 102 (which does not supply air, but only serves as a flow path), and then enters the outdoor condenser 107 through the second solenoid valve 106. After being cooled by heat exchange with the outside air by the second fan 108, the refrigerant expands to a low-temperature, low-pressure state through the second expansion valve 109. When flowing through the evaporator 110, it absorbs heat from the PCS 113, thus cooling the hot air in the PCS. Finally, the refrigerant returns to the compressor 101 through the one-way valve 111 and the gas-liquid separator 114, completing the cycle.

[0034] Example 2, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The schematic diagram shown is for the energy storage inverter (PCS) 113 to perform heating only in this embodiment of the present disclosure. The PCS heating mode process is as follows: Valve status control: First three-way valve A, second port closed, first port open; Second three-way valve B, second port closed, first port open; Third three-way valve C, second port closed, third port open; Fourth three-way valve D, first port closed, third port open; Fifth three-way valve E, first port closed, second port open; Sixth three-way valve F, second port closed, first port open; Seventh three-way valve G, third port closed, second port open.

[0035] Refrigerant circulation process: The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant generated by the compressor 101 flows through the indoor condenser 102 and exchanges heat with the cold air in the PCS 113 through the first fan 103, thus sending hot air into the PCS to achieve heating. After heat exchange, the refrigerant is throttled and cooled down by the first expansion valve 104, and then passes through the first solenoid valve 105 and the third solenoid valve 112 in sequence. After the residual liquid phase is separated by the gas-liquid separator 114, it flows back to the suction end of the compressor 101 to complete the cycle.

[0036] Example 3, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4The schematic diagram shown is for the energy storage battery 200 only being cooled according to the embodiment of this disclosure. The cooling process of the energy storage battery 200 is as follows: Valve status control: First three-way valve A, second port closed, first port open; Second three-way valve B, first port closed, second port open; Third three-way valve C, third port closed, second port open; Fourth three-way valve D, third port closed, first port open; Eighth three-way valve H, second port closed, first port open; Seventh three-way valve G, first port closed, second port open.

[0037] Refrigerant circulation process: The refrigerant state changes from compressor 101 to outdoor condenser 107 are consistent with the PCS refrigeration mode. After flowing through the fourth three-way valve D, the refrigerant first adjusts the pressure to 4-6 bar and the temperature drops to about 20°C. Then, it is further cooled by throttling through the third expansion valve 201 and enters the battery cold plate 202 to exchange heat with the energy storage battery 200, thereby cooling the energy storage battery 200. After heat exchange, the refrigerant passes through the fifth solenoid valve 204 and the gas-liquid separator 114 in sequence, and flows back to compressor 101 to complete the cycle.

[0038] Example 4, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the principle of heating only the energy storage battery 200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The heating process of the energy storage battery 200 is as follows: Valve status control: First three-way valve A, first port closed, second port open; Eighth three-way valve H, first port closed, third port open; Fourth three-way valve D, second port closed, third port open; Fifth three-way valve E, first port closed, second port open; Sixth three-way valve F, second port closed, first port open; Seventh three-way valve G, third port closed, second port open.

[0039] Refrigerant circulation process: The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant generated by the compressor 101 is initially throttled by the fourth solenoid valve 203, reducing the pressure to the tolerance range of the battery cold plate 202, and the temperature decreases simultaneously. After the high-temperature refrigerant directly heats the energy storage battery 200 through the battery cold plate 202, it is throttled by the third expansion valve 201 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure state, and then flows back to the suction end of the compressor 101 through the third solenoid valve 112 and the gas-liquid separator 114, completing the cycle.

[0040] Example 5, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the principle of simultaneous cooling of the PCS and the energy storage battery 200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The process of simultaneous cooling of the PCS and the energy storage battery 200 is as follows: Valve status control: Integrates the valve status of PCS refrigeration and energy storage battery 200 refrigeration mode, where the first, second and third ports of the fourth three-way valve D are all open, and the first, second and third ports of the seventh three-way valve G are all open.

[0041] Refrigerant circulation process: The refrigerant flows simultaneously along the PCS refrigeration circuit and the energy storage battery 200 refrigeration circuit, cooling the PCS and the energy storage battery 200 respectively. The two circulations eventually converge at the gas-liquid separator 114 and return to the compressor 101, achieving synchronous cooling.

[0042] Example 5, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the principle of simultaneous heating of the PCS and the energy storage battery 200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The process of simultaneous heating of the PCS and the energy storage battery 200 is as follows: Valve status control: Integrates the valve status of PCS heating and energy storage battery 200 heating modes, where the first three-way valve A has all three ports open, and the fourth three-way valve D has all three ports open.

[0043] Refrigerant circulation process: The refrigerant flows simultaneously along the PCS heating circuit and the energy storage battery 200 heating circuit, providing heat to the PCS and the energy storage battery 200 respectively. The two circulations eventually converge at the gas-liquid separator 114 and return to the compressor 101, achieving synchronous heating.

[0044] Example 5, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the principle of the energy storage battery 200 in fire suppression mode according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The implementation process of the energy storage battery 200 fire suppression mode is as follows: (a) Triggering conditions This mode is activated when the front-end combustible gas detector, smoke detector, and temperature sensor detect thermal runaway or fire signs in the lithium-ion battery and meet preset thresholds (such as H2≥0.8%, CO≥100ppm, smoke reaches level II, cabin temperature≥60℃ or ΔT≥8℃).

[0045] (ii) Cooperative control logic Signal Interaction: The detection unit outputs an alarm signal and simultaneously sends it to the Battery Management System (BMS) 309 and the Fire Monitoring System (FMS) 300. After confirming the thermal runaway zone by combining secondary criteria such as zone temperature, voltage, current, and ΔT, the BMS uploads a discharge request and zone identifier to the FMS and issues a downgrade interlock command to the Thermal Management System (TMS) 310.

[0046] Thermal management system linkage: TMS performs cooling and isolation operations, closes the inlet valve of battery cold plate 202, limits or stops the circulation pump, enhances air conditioning cooling, and reduces heat diffusion and liquid phase disturbance.

[0047] (III) Firefighting Implementation Procedure Extinguishing agent release: After receiving a release request, the FMS only controls the opening of the sixth solenoid valve 301 or the seventh solenoid valve 302 corresponding to the target zone, while the solenoid valves of the other zones remain closed. The extinguishing agent is directionally released to the fire area via the extinguishing agent tank 306, the main pipeline, the branch pipeline of the target zone, and the nozzles.

[0048] Process Monitoring and Termination: During the release, the FMS monitors the cylinder group pressure, valve position feedback, and release duration, while the BMS simultaneously monitors the zone temperature and gas concentration. When the temperature and gas concentration drop to the release threshold (H2≤0.4%, CO≤50ppm), the valve position feedback is in place, and the cylinder pressure change meets the standard, the FMS closes the branch solenoid valve, stops the release, and records the event data. If the termination conditions are not met, a secondary release or delayed release logic can be executed.

[0049] Example 5, please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 A flowchart of the precise early warning technology method for thermal runaway according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. The implementation process of the precise early warning technology for thermal runaway is as follows: S10: Online monitoring of combustible gases Combustible gas detectors are installed in each energy storage compartment to continuously collect the volume fractions of H2 and CO and output standard signals. The monitoring data is then correlated with timestamps and transmitted to the subsequent judgment process.

[0050] S11: Gas Threshold Determination The real-time collected H2 and CO volume fractions are compared with preset thresholds. H2 ≥ 0.8% or CO ≥ 100ppm is considered to exceed the threshold, generating a first-type alarm with a partition identifier; otherwise, proceed to step S31. The thresholds for de-escalation are set to H2 ≤ 0.4% and CO ≤ 50ppm.

[0051] S21: Battery control system linkage When a combustible gas exceedance event is reported to the BMS, the BMS enters a risk management state, performs a consistency check on the current cell voltage, current, temperature, insulation and other operating parameters, and issues an early warning.

[0052] S22: Electrical Safety Assessment Based on the station's rules, the BMS determines whether any fault exists in the energy storage battery, such as over-temperature, overcurrent, overvoltage, or undervoltage. If a fault exists, proceed to step S23; otherwise, proceed to step S31.

[0053] S23: Thermal management control system linkage The TMS enters the cooling mode, performs air conditioning cooling capacity increase and circulation pump frequency increase, presets the battery cold plate 202 inlet valve to the safe position for current limiting, and issues a load reduction / power limiting command to the PCS when necessary, and then switches to S31.

[0054] S31: Smoke and Temperature Alarm Verification The alarm signals from the smoke detector and temperature sensor are collected. An alarm is output when the smoke reaches Level II or the cabin temperature is ≥60℃ / ΔT≥8℃. If the verification conditions are met, a second type of alarm is generated as the trigger for fire linkage. If no alarm is triggered, the system returns to S10 for cyclic monitoring.

[0055] S32, S33: Fire control system linkage and fire suppression activation When S31 verification is completed, the FMS activates the fire suppression devices according to the zone identifier and initiates the energy storage battery fire suppression mode. Simultaneously, the BMS and TMS perform interlocking operations, and after fire suppression is completed, the system enters the reset / rearming process.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system, characterized in that, The application relates to a thermal management system, an energy storage battery (200), a fire-fighting monitoring system (300), a battery management unit (305), a battery control system (309) and a thermal management control system (310). The thermal management system comprises a compression mechanism, a heat exchange mechanism, a throttling mechanism, a valve group mechanism and a gas-liquid separation mechanism, the compression mechanism is communicated with the heat exchange mechanism, the heat exchange mechanism is communicated with cooling components of the energy storage battery (200) and heat dissipation components of an energy storage inverter (113) through the throttling mechanism and the valve group mechanism respectively, the valve group mechanism is communicated with the gas-liquid separation mechanism, and the gas-liquid separation mechanism flows back to the compression mechanism. The fire-fighting monitoring system (300) comprises fire extinguishing agent storage components, a partition valve group and monitoring control components, the fire extinguishing agent storage components are communicated with corresponding cell groups of the energy storage battery (200) through the partition valve group; the battery management unit (305) is electrically connected with the cell groups of the energy storage battery (200) and the partition valve group, the battery management unit (305) is sequentially communicated with a battery control system (309), monitoring control components of the fire-fighting monitoring system (300) and a linkage output module (307), the battery control system (309) is signal-interacted with a thermal management control system (310), and the thermal management control system (310) is electrically connected with execution components of the thermal management system. The compression mechanism is a compressor (101), the heat exchange mechanism comprises an indoor condenser (102), an outdoor condenser (107), an evaporator (110) and a battery cold plate (202), the throttling mechanism comprises a first expansion valve (104), a second expansion valve (109) and a third expansion valve (201), the valve group mechanism comprises a first three-way valve (A), a second three-way valve (B), a third three-way valve (C), a fourth three-way valve (D), a fifth three-way valve (E), a sixth three-way valve (F), a seventh three-way valve (G), an eighth three-way valve (H), a ninth three-way valve (I), a first electromagnetic valve (105), a second electromagnetic valve (106), a third electromagnetic valve (112), a fourth electromagnetic valve (203) and a fifth electromagnetic valve (204), the partition valve group comprises a sixth electromagnetic valve (301) and a seventh electromagnetic valve (302), and the gas-liquid separation mechanism is a gas-liquid separator (114); a first fan (103) is arranged beside the indoor condenser (102), a second fan (108) is arranged beside the outdoor condenser (107), and the evaporator (110) is connected with a one-way valve (111) in series.

2. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 1, wherein, ​ 3. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 2, wherein, The compressor (101) outlet is communicated with the first port of the first three-way valve (A), the second port of the first three-way valve (A) is communicated with one end of the fourth electromagnetic valve (203), the other end of the fourth electromagnetic valve (203) is communicated with the third port of the eighth three-way valve (H); the third port of the first three-way valve (A) is communicated with the inlet of the indoor condenser (102), the outlet of the indoor condenser (102) is communicated with the first port of the second three-way valve (B), the second port of the second three-way valve (B) is communicated with one end of the second electromagnetic valve (106), the other end of the second electromagnetic valve (106) is communicated with the second port of the third three-way valve (C), the third port of the second three-way valve (B) is communicated with one end of the first expansion valve (104), the other end of the first expansion valve (104) is communicated with one end of the first electromagnetic valve (105), the other end of the first electromagnetic valve (105) is communicated with the first port of the third three-way valve (C).

4. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 3, wherein, The third port of the third three-way valve (C) is communicated with the inlet of the outdoor condenser (107), the outlet of the outdoor condenser (107) is communicated with the first port of the fourth three-way valve (D), the second port of the fourth three-way valve (D) is communicated with one end of the second expansion valve (109) through the first port of the fifth three-way valve (E), the other end of the second expansion valve (109) is communicated with the inlet of the evaporator (110), the outlet of the evaporator (110) is communicated with one end of the one-way valve (111), the other end of the one-way valve (111) is communicated with the first port of the sixth three-way valve (F).

5. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 4, wherein, The third port of the fourth three-way valve (D) is communicated with one end of the third expansion valve (201), the other end of the third expansion valve (201) is communicated with the inlet of the battery cold plate (202), the outlet of the battery cold plate (202) is communicated with the first port of the eighth three-way valve (H), the second port of the eighth three-way valve (H) is communicated with one end of the fifth electromagnetic valve (204), the other end of the fifth electromagnetic valve (204) is communicated with the first port of the seventh three-way valve (G).

6. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 5, wherein, The second port of the fifth three-way valve (E) is communicated with one end of the third electromagnetic valve (112), the other end of the third electromagnetic valve (112) is communicated with the second port of the sixth three-way valve (F), the third port of the sixth three-way valve (F) is communicated with the second port of the seventh three-way valve (G), the third port of the seventh three-way valve (G) is communicated with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (114), the outlet of the gas-liquid separator (114) is communicated with the inlet of the compressor (101).

7. The integrated fire protection and thermal management system for an electrochemical energy storage station of claim 2, wherein, The energy storage battery (200) comprises a first electric core (303) and an n electric core (304), the fire extinguishing agent storage component of the fire monitoring system (300) is a fire extinguishing agent tank (306), and the monitoring control component of the fire monitoring system (300) is a fire monitoring controller (308); the outlet of the fire extinguishing agent tank (306) is communicated with the third port of a ninth three-way valve (I), the first port of the ninth three-way valve (I) is communicated with one end of a sixth electromagnetic valve (301), the other end of the sixth electromagnetic valve (301) is correspondingly arranged with the first electric core (303), the second port of the ninth three-way valve (I) is communicated with one end of a seventh electromagnetic valve (302), and the other end of the seventh electromagnetic valve (302) is correspondingly arranged with the n electric core (304).

8. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 7, wherein, The battery management unit (305) is electrically connected with the first electric core (303), the n electric core (304), the sixth electromagnetic valve (301) and the seventh electromagnetic valve (302), the battery management unit (305) is in signal communication with a battery control system (309), the battery control system (309) is in signal communication with the fire monitoring controller (308), and the fire monitoring controller (308) is in signal communication with a linkage output module (307).

9. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 2, wherein, The energy storage inverter (113) is arranged between an indoor condenser (102) and an evaporator (110), the thermal management control system (310) is electrically connected with a compressor (101), a first fan (103), a second fan (108), each electromagnetic valve, each expansion valve and each three-way valve, and is used for controlling the start-stop and on-off state of each component.

10. The electrochemical energy storage station fire protection and thermal management integrated system of claim 1, wherein, The refrigerant of the thermal management system is selected from any one of R22, R134a, R407C, R410A, R513A, R454B and R454C; and the fire extinguishing agent of the fire monitoring system (300) is selected from any one of FM-200, CO2 and IG-541.

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